Biosystematic study of the diploid-polyploid Pilosella alpicola group with variation in breeding system: Patterns and processes

INTRODUCTION

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Biosystematic study of the diploid-polyploid Pilosella alpicola group with variation in breeding system: Patterns and processes

Barbora Šingliarová,¹Iva Hodálová¹& Patrik Mráz^1,2,3

Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia

2 Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR UJF-CNRS 5553, P.O. Box 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biologie, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland

$XWKRUIRUFRUUHVSRQGHQFH Patrik Mráz, [email protected]

Abstract 0HPEHUVRIWKHPilosella alpicolaVSHFLHVJURXS$VWHUDFHDHDUHGLVWULEXWHGWKURXJKRXWWKHDOSLQHUHJLRQRIWKH(X- URSHDQPRXQWDLQV$OSV&DUSDWKLDQV%DONDQPRXQWDLQV/LNHRWKHUPilosellaVSHFLHVJURXSVHieraciumVXEJPilosellaWKH WD[RQRP\DQGVSHFLHV¶UHODWLRQVKLSVDUHSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRGPRVWO\GXHWRZLGHVSUHDGIDFXOWDWLYHDSRPL[LVIUHTXHQWK\EULGL]DWLRQ DQGSRO\SORLGL]DWLRQ²WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWSKHQRPHQDVXEVWDQWLDOO\LQYROYHGLQWKHHYROXWLRQDU\KLVWRU\RIWKHJHQXV:HDVVHVVHG PRUSKRORJ\SORLG\OHYHOYDULDWLRQLQEUHHGLQJV\VWHPDQGPROHFXODUYDULDWLRQZLWKLQWKHP. alpicolaJURXSWRSURYLGHDQHZ WD[RQRPLFFRQFHSWDQGWRFODULI\HYROXWLRQDU\UHODWLRQVKLSVDPRQJVSHFLHVDQGRULJLQRISRO\SORLGV0XOWLYDULDWHPRUSKRPHWULF DQDO\VHV83*0$&'$3&$DSSOLHGRQSODQWVRULJLQDWHGIURPSRSXODWLRQVUHYHDOHGH[LVWHQFHRIIRXUZHOOVHSDUDWHG FOXVWHUVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRIRXUDOORSDWULFWD[DP. alpicola VVWU.$OSVP. rhodopea%DONDQ3HQLQVXOD6RXWKHUQ&DUSDWKLDQV P. serbica6HUELDDQG0RQWHQHJURDQGP. ullepitschii &DUSDWKLDQV,QWRWDOIRXUSORLG\OHYHOVxx, 4x, 5xZHUHGHWHFWHG DPRQJSODQWVDQDO\VHGIURPSRSXODWLRQVE\FODVVLFDOFKURPRVRPHFRXQWLQJDQGIORZF\WRPHWULFDQDO\VLV7KHWHWUDDQG SHQWDSORLGVRIP. alpicolaVVWUKDYHDQDOORSDWULFGLVWULEXWLRQ:DOOLV$OSVYV'RORPLWHVUHVSHFWLYHO\)RXUSORLG\OHYHOVZLWK FRPSOH[F\WRJHRJUDSKLFSDWWHUQDQGKLJKIUHTXHQF\RIPL[HGSORLG\SRSXODWLRQVLQGLFDWLQJDSULPDU\FRQWDFW]RQHZHUH UHFRUGHGLQP. rhodopea. Pilosella ullepitschiiDQGP. serbicaDUHH[FOXVLYHO\GLSORLGDQGDUHERWKVH[XDOO\UHSURGXFLQJ,QVSLWHRI DFOHDUPRUSKRORJLFDOVHSDUDWLRQDPROHFXODUDQDO\VLV,76DQGFS'1$VHTXHQFHVVXJJHVWVFORVHUHODWLRQVKLSVDQGUDWKHUUHFHQW RULJLQRIDOOVWXGLHGWD[DH[FHSWP. alpicolaVVWU7KHODWWHUWD[RQLVDQDJDPRVSHUPLFDOORSRO\SORLGWKDWOLNHO\RULJLQDWHGSRO\WRSL- FDOO\IURPDK\EULGL]DWLRQEHWZHHQP. rhodopeaIURPWKH%DONDQVDQGP. glacialis IURPWKH$OSV,QFRQWUDVWWRP. alpicolaVVWU RXUGDWDVWURQJO\VXSSRUWDQDXWRSRO\SORLGRULJLQRIP. rhodopeaSRO\SORLGVZKLFKUHSURGXFHGVWULFWO\VH[XDOO\Pilosella petraea, VRPHWLPHVWUHDWHGDVDPHPEHURIWKHP. alpicolaJURXSGLIIHUVIURPWKHUHPDLQLQJWD[DE\LWVFRQVSLFXRXVPRUSKRORJ\HFRORJ\

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Keywords DOORSDWULFVSHFLDWLRQDOORSRO\SORLG\DSRPL[LVDXWRSRO\SORLG\ELRJHRJUDSK\IORZF\WRPHWULFVHHGVFUHHQLQJ DQDO\VLV+LHUDFLXP࣠,76PXOWLYDULDWHPRUSKRPHWULFV

Supplementary Material 7DEOHV6DQG6DQG)LJXUHV6DQG6DUHDYDLODEOHLQWKHIUHH(OHFWURQLF6XSSOHPHQWWRWKH RQOLQHYHUVLRQRIWKLVDUWLFOH

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0RUSKRORJLFDOO\WKHPilosella alpicolaJURXS P.VHFW Alpicolinae 1lJHOL 3HWHU6]HOąJLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DGZDUI KDELWWKHDEVHQFHRIDERYHJURXQGVWRORQVDQGVPDOOQXPEHUV RILQIORUHVFHQFHVRIUHODWLYHO\ODUJHVL]HZKLFKDUHFRYHUHG E\ORQJDQGGHQVHLQGXPHQWXP(FRORJLFDOO\WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHJURXSDUHFRQILQHGWRWKHSULPDULO\DOSLQHDQGVXEDOSLQH PHDGRZVDQGVFUHHVRQDFLGEHGURFNDQGRFFXS\YHU\IUDJ- PHQWHGUDQJHVLQWKH3\UHQHHV$OSV&DUSDWKLDQVDQG%DONDQ PRXQWDLQV1lJHOL 3HWHU=DKQ±%UlXWLJDP 7ZRGLIIHUHQWVSHFLHVFRQFHSWVKDYHEHHQDSSOLHGIRUWKLV JURXS7KHEURDGHURQHFRPSULVHVWZRVSHFLHV²D3\UHQHDQ P. breviscapa'&6RMiN P. candollei0RQQQRPLOOHJ DQGP. alpicola):6FKXOW] 6FK%LS=DKQ±

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Chromosome number and ploidy level determination.

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Total 34 173/173

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P. alpicola

VVWU P. ullepitschii P. rhodopea P. serbica

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/L'6 6 0 0 0 0

/LE'6 0 0 0 0 0 0

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/P'* 6 0 0 6 0 0

6'* 24 0 0 46 0

6'7 6 62 20 60 0

6'6 0 0 0 0

67& ± 26 ± ± 0 ±

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4 5

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5 2 2

5 6

5

5 4

5 5

5 5

5 6 2

5

5

5 6

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6 0 2

6 2

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u-267+0 2x 4 · · · * · · · Y · · · Y · · · Y · M · ·

u-%$5+0

u-%8&+0 2x · · · * · · · Y · · · T · · · Y · M · ·

u-60$+0 2x 4 · · · * · · · Y · · · T · · · · Y · · · · Y · M · ·

r-9(=+0 2x 4 · · · * · · · · 5 · · · Y · · · T · · · . · · · T · M · ·

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r-&2=+0

r-&2=+0 2x 2 · · · * · · · Y · · · T · · · T · M · ·

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x 4x 5x 2x

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r-'2'+0

s-.23+0 2x · · · * · · · Y · Y · · · T · · · T · M · ·

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$- · & * * · · · · · & T $ T · · · T · · · T · $ * ·

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