A Code for Dwelling Construction for Buildings Housing One or Two Families: Minimum Standards to Regulate the Erection and Provide for the Safety of Buildings

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A

CODE

FOR

D W E L L I N G

CONSTRUCTION

F O R

B U I L D I N G S H O U S I N G

O N E

O R

T W O

F A M I L I E S

PRINTED

IN

1 9 5 0

T H E A S S O C I A T E

C O M M I T T E E

O N

T H E

NATIONAL BUILDING

CODE

N A T I O N A L R E S E A R C H COUNCIL, O T T A W A , C A N A D A

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A

CODE

FOR

D W E L L I N G

CONSTRUCTION

FOR B U I L D I N G S H O U S I N G O N E O R T W O F A M I L I E S

PRINTED

IN

1 9 5 0

T H E A S S O C I A T E C O M M I T T E E O N T H E

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, OTTAWA, CANADA

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MINIMUM STANDARDS TO REGULATE

T H E E R E C T I O N A N D P R O V I D E FOR

THE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS

Printed i n

1950

The Associate Committee

on

the

N A T I O N A L B U I L D I N G C O D E

National Research Council

Ottawa

Canada

I L b. A

CODE FOR

D W E L L I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N

FOR BUILDINGS HOUSING ONE OR TWO FAMILIES

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SPECIAL NOTE

This document is an abridged version of the

National Building Code, as published

in 1941,

with changes only of an editorial character.

The National Code is a t present being re-

vised. As soon as the revised edition has been

published, this abridgment

will

be similar-

ly revised. I t is hoped that.

in the interim.

this small code will prove of public service

even

in

its present form.

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INTRODUCTION

Le

present code de construction pour les maisons uni-fa miliales est publi6 par le Comit6 associe sur le Code national du BPtiment du Conseil national de Recherches, A titre de document consultatif

A l'usage des municipalites et des autres organisations qui requiGrent un tel code pour Ies constructions qui Ies concernenent.

Le

prbsent code, n'etant qu'un document consultatif, doit etre adopt6 par une municipalit6 d'une mani2re appropriee avant d 'Ctre

utilis6 localement comme autorite en loi.

Essentiellement, ce document est un prbcis du Code national du Bbtiment, publie en 1941. Dans la redaction du precis, il fut nkessaire d'apporter certains changements et de corriger certaines erreurs manifestes, mais l'on n'a apportk aucun changement d'ordre technique. L'on a insere quelques nouveaux articles, lorsqu'il n'existait dans le Code national du BBtiment, aucun article appro- pri6 visant certains item mais ces changements ne constituent pas des contradictions entre les deux documents.

L'on est A reviser presentement, le Code national du Bltiment L'on espere que la revision sera parachevbe pour Ctre distribuke au cours de 1952. A ce moment, le present Code de construction de maisons sera revise afin de concorder avec le Code national modifie. Par la suite, les deux documents seront toujours uniformes.

11 existe de ce Code une version fran~aise que l'on peut se procurer du Comite associe sur le Code national du BLtiment, Conseil national de Recherches, Ottawa.

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INTRODUCTION

This Code for Dwelling Construction for buildings housing one or two families is issued by the Associate Committee on the National Building Code of the National Research Council as an advisory document for the use of municipalities and other organizations which need such a Code for the control of their building operations. This document being advisory only, must be adopted by a municipality in some appropriate manner before it can have any legal authority for local use.

This document is essentially an abridgment of the National Building Code itself, as issued in 1941. In the work of abridgment some editorial changes have been made and obvious errors corrected but no technical changes have been made. A few new sections have been added where no appropriate section exists in the National Building Code itself but these do not provide any inconsistencies between the two documents.

The National Building Code itself is now under revision. It is

hoped that a completely revised version will be available during 1952. At that time this Code for Dwelling Construction will then be revised to be in keeping with the revised National Code. There- after the two documents will always be kept consistent.

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TABLE OF

.

Genera1 ...

. .

3 . _{Building Occupancy}... .;...

4

.

Construction Safety Measures ... 5

.

Excavation and Foundations ...

6

.

Chimneys and Flues ...

7 . Fireplaces ... 8

.

Unit Masonry Construction ... .. ...

9

.

Plain Concrete Construction ...

10

.

Wood Frame Construction ...

11

.

Exterior Wall Covering ...

12

.

Roof Coverings . . . 13

.

Plastering ... 14

.

Heating ... 15

.

Plumbing . . . 1 6

.

Electrical . . . 17

.

Materials ...

18

.

Terminology and Definitions ...

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SECTION

1

-

ADMINISTRATION

1.

Short Title

.

This document shall be known as "A Code for DWELLING CONSTRUCTION"; and may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as "this code".

2.

Scope

This code applies only to one- or two-family dwellings and their accessory buildings, hereafter erected within, moved into or within, the boundaries of this administration.

3.

Construction not Within the Scope of this Code

Materials and methods of construction not covered by this code, but falling within any of the classifications established in the National Building Code, shall comply with the appropriate regulations therein.

Materials or methods of construction which are not specifically regulated by the provisions of this code or of the National Building Code shall be permitted only a t the discretion of the Authority having Jurisdiction.

4.

Standard Specifications and Regulations

All standard specifications and regulations cited in this code, whether wholly or in part, are hereby declared to be a part of this Code.

I t is recommended that the Authority having Jurisdiction keep a t least two copies of all such standard specifications and regulations

a t his office for public reference.

5.

Authority having Jurisdiction

a. Implementation

The provisions of this code shall be implemented by one or more officials appointed' for the purpose. Any such officials are referred to herein as the Authority having Jurisdiction.

b. New Materials and Methods of Construction

The Authority having Jurisdiction may permit materials and methods of construction, which are not specifically regulated by the provisions of this code or of the National Building Code, OR

the basis of well established practice or on the basis of test data

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obtained from publicly owned or recognized commercial labora- tories, provided they comply with safety, fire, and health con- sidera t ions.

6. Enforcement

Without prejudice to the operation of any other- law, it shall be the duty of the Authority having Jurisdiction to take the necessary measures to institute proceedings against any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this code.

7. Building Permit

A building permit shall be obtained from the Authority having Jurisdiction by the owner or his authorized agent for the excavation, erection, a1 teration, reconstruction, removal, or wrecking of, or repairs to, any building or part of any building which i t is proposed to construct, and for any addition or alteration to a building.

8. Application for a Building Permit

The applicant for a permit shall file with the Authority having Jurisdiction :

(i) A signed statement setting forth the use or purpose for which such building is intended.

(ii) Duplicate copies of the plans of the building, drawn a t a scale of not less than f inch per-foot, showing all necessary dimensions; and duplicate copies of an adequate specification.

(iii) Duplicate copies of a plot plan of the lot, including the dimensions of the lot, the location and dimensions of all existing buildings or structures, and the location on the lot of the proposed work.

(iv) Such other information as required by the Authority having Jurisdiction to provide for the enforcement of the provisions of this Code.

9. Building Permit to be Displayed

The building permit shall be prominently displayed on the site of the work. Work a t the site shall not be commenced until the permit has been so displayed.

10. Supplementary Permits

The Authority having Jurisdiction may require the taking out

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by the owner of supplementary permits for street occupancy, water supply, plumbing, and such other permits as are required by local ordinance.

SECTION 2

-

GENERAL

11. Effect of New Construction on Existing Buildings

New construction which will create a violation of the provisions of this code or of any local ordinance in any existing building shall not be permitted.

12. Existing Buildings

Nothing in this code shall require the removal, alteration, or abandonment of, nor prevent continuance of the use or occupancy of a n existing building, unless in the opinion of the Authority having Jurisdiction such building constitutes a hazard to safety or adjacent property.

13. Building Permits issued prior to Adoption of this Code

Nothing in this Code shall require any change in the plans, construction or designated use of a building for which a building permit has been issued prior to the date of enactment of this code.

NOTE

Lot

Occupancy.

Regulations governing the positioning of buildings

.

on a lot and the percentage of the lot which m a y be occupi0ed by buildings, are not included in this document. Such regulations are subject to

variation from one municipality to another depending o n conditions and must be applied indinidually according to the need of each muni- cipality.

The importance of these zoning considerations i s , however, not to

be underestimated. T h e safeby, health and welfare of the people in a municipality i s dependent o n both building and zoning minimum requirements. Users of this document are referred to applicable by-laws of the mlsnicipality in which the construction i s to be done and to

provincial health regulations governing this subject.

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NOTE: PLEASE REFER T O T H E REGULATIONS

ON ATTACHED GARAGES.

A T T A C H E D GARAGE

FOR WALLS, FLOORS, A N D CEILINGS WHICH ARE COMMON TO A PRIVATE: GARAGE A N D A DWEL

F I G U R E

1

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SECTION

3

-

BUILDING OCCUPANCY

14.

Dwelling Units over Retail Stores, Offices, etc.

The regulations contained herein, in respect to two-family dwellings of the duplex type, shall apply also to dwelling units which are located over or a t the rear of retail stores, offices, etc.

15.

Rooms

in

Cellars

No habitable room shall be constructed in any cellar, provided that this provision shall not be construed to prohibit play, recrea- tion, workshop or storage rooms in any cellar.

16.

Separation of Dwelling Units

The walls, floors, or ceilings, which separate two dwelling units shall conform to the following provisions.

(i) A party wall shall extend from the footings to the under- side of the roof boarding.

(ii) No opening shall be made through such separation.

(iii) Such separation shall have a fire-resistive rating of not less than one hour in accordance with Article 25.

(iv) No combustible party wall or common wall shall extend below the first storey.

17.

Separation of Attached. Garage

Walls, floor and ceiling, which separate a private garage from a dwelling unit, shall have a fire-resistive rating of not less than one hour.

The floor of an attached garage shall be of incombustible material.

An intercommunicating door between an attached garage and

a dwelling unit may be installed, provided that:

(i) Such door shall be single, tight-fitting and self-closing. (ii) The door shall have a fire-resistive rating which is not

less than that of a :1 inch wood slab door.

(iii) The door sill shall be a t least 12 inches above the floor of the garage, and shall be placed on a masonry or concrete curb or step.

(iv) Such door shall not be more than 36 inches in width.

18.

Room Sizes and Ceiling Heights

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NOTE:

PLEASE REFER TO THE REGULATIONS

ON ROOM DIMENSIONS.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ROOMS WHERE

SLOPlNG C E I L I N G S OCCUR

CEILING MUST BE NOT LESS THAN

STHE

A R E A S H O W N I N TABLE

f UNDER MINIMUM

FLOOR A R E A .

nd COMPUTING FLOOR AREA

THIS SECTION SHALL BE OMITTED.

F I G U R E

2

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TABLE I'.. Living Room.. . . . DIMENSIONS OF ROOMS Dining Room.. . . . Type Kitchen. . . .

Minimum* Minimum Minimum

Floor Area

1

Width

1

Height

Kitchen-Dining Combination. . . .

. . .

Bedroom.

Accessory Rooms (Except

water closet rooms) . . .

Water Closet rooms or

compartments. . . . 80 sq. feet 80 sq. feet 50 sq. feet 80 sq. feet 80 sq. feet 11 sq. feet 7 feet 7 feet 5 feet 6 feet 7 feet 2 feet 6 inches 8 feet 8 feet 8 feet 8 feet 7 feet 6 inches 7 feet 6 inches 7 feet

%very dwelling unit shall contain at least one room having not 1- than 120 square feet of grow

fioor area.

For rooms where sloping ceilings occur, 50 per cent of the ceiling over the minimum required floor area shall comply with the minimum height requirements in the above table.

In the computation of the floor area, that part of a floor over which the ceiling is less than 4 feet 6 inches in height shall not be considered.

19.

Access to Rooms

Access shall be provided to all habitable rooms and to a t least one water closet room or bathroom without the necessity of passage through a bedroom.

20.

Exits for Two Family Dwellings

An exit shall provide egress from the dwelling unit that it serves without the necessity of passage through any part of any other dwelling unit.

Each dwelling unit shall have two exits, except that one exit only shall be required from a second floor unit if the elevation above grade of such second floor does not exceed 12 feet.

Exits from dwelling units located on floors other than the first shall consist of an interior staircase separated from the rest of the building by construction having a fire-resistance of a t least one hour, or, alternatively, an exterior staircase of approved design.

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S T A I R S

h S E C T I O N

N O T E :

PLEASE REFER TO T H E REGULATIONS ON STAIRS.

CLEAR DISTANCE BETWEEN W I D T H B E T W E E N

f

ENCLOSING PARTITIONS

/

P L A N

SHOWING w INDERS ( W I N D E R S A R E P E R M I T T E D

, ONLY IF THREE ARE INSTALLED TO 90')

F I G U R E

3

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21. Exterior Stairs

Exterior stairs shall comply with the provisions of Article 22,

"Interior stairs", except as follows : a. Treads and Risers

Exterior stairs with open risers shall have a minimum run of 8

inches, and the angle of flight shall be not more than 45' to the horizontal.

b. Winders

Winders shall not be permitted except that curved stairs may be used if each tread has a minimum run of 8 inches.

22. Interior Stairs

a. Width

Stairs shall be not less than 3 feet wide between enclosing partitions, nor less than 2 feet 10 inches wide between handrails; except that the clear width of stairs to attic storage spaces or to basements shall be not less than 2 feet 6 inches.

b. Handrails

The open side of all landings and stairs shall be provided with well secured balustrades or handrails, not less than 2 feet 8 inches

in height.

Stairways which are enclosed by partitions shall be provided with handrails on a t least one side. Such handrails shall be securely fastened to the wall and shall project not more than 3+ inches.

c. Treads and Risers

The minimum run (horizontal distance from face of riser to the face of riser) shall be not less than 9 inches. The maximum rise (vertical distance from top of tread to top of tread) shall not exceed 8 inches.

The sum in inches of one tread and two risers shall be not less than 24 nor more than 25.

The width of treads and height of risers respectively in any one flight shall be uniform.

The projection of the nosing of treads shall be a t least 1 inch. Single risers shall not be permitted.

d. Winders

One 90' turn shall consist of two angle risers and three angle treads.

There shall be not more than one set of winders in any staircase from one floor level to another.

(17)

e. Headroom

The clear height in a stairway shall be not less than 6 feet 4

inches measured vertically from the nosings of the stair treads. f. Landings

The length or width of any landing in a staircase shall be not less than the width of the stairs.

23.

Required Windows

Every habitable room, and every alcove or room having an area in excess of 35 square feet and every bathroom or water closet

room shall be provided with one or more windows opening directly on a street, yard or court.

Required windows shall be above adjoining ground level. a. Glass Area

The aggregate unobstructed glass area of any required window or windows shall be not less than 10 per cent of the floor area of the room served ; except that in any bathroom or water closet room the glass area shall be not less than 4 square feet.

Glass area shall be computed on the basis of clear glass having a light transmission value of not less than 88 per cent.

b. Openable area

Where windows are required in a room the total openable area shall not be less than one-twentieth the floor area of the room, and the top of the openable area of a t least one window in any habitable room shall not be less than 6 feet 6 inches above floor level.

Louvers or movable sashes which comply with the openable area requirements of windows may be substituted for such openable areas.

24. Storm

Sash

Wherever provided over required windows, a t least one storm sash per room shall be openable from within.

The aggregate openable area for ventilation shall be not less than

+

of the required glass area for such rooms.

25.

One-Hour Fire-resistance

Construction which conforms to the following provisions shall be deemed to constitute one-hour fire-resistance.

(18)

a. Floors over Joists

Double deck floors consisting of $ inch T & G, $ inch Shiplap, or

5

inch plywood, sub-flooring, and top floor of not less than

3

inch thickness, with asbestos paper weighing not less than 14 pounds per 100 square feet between

and: Ceilings

A plaster ceiling consisting of gypsum plaster ) inch in thick-

ness and not leaner than 1 :2, on perforated gypsum lath having' all joints covered with expanded metal 3 inches in width

or;

Portland cement plaster,

5

of an inch in thickness, on metal lath. b. Interior Partitions

Interior partitions constructed of solid unit masonry ; or hollow unit masonry, provided that walls and partitions constructed of one-cell units shall be plastered,

4

inch in thickness, on both sides,

or;

Solid plaster partitions having a minimum thickness of 2 inches

or;

Stud walls or partitions (wood or metal studs) plastered both sides with a combination of any two of the following plaster fihishes:

(i) Portland cement or gypsum plaster,

5

of an inch in thickness, on metal lath; .

(ii) Stucco $ of an inch in thickness on metal lath;

(iii) Gypsum plaster,

3

inch in thickness on perforated gypsum lath.

SECTION

4

-

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MEASURES

26. Strength

of

Erection Structures and Equipment

All flooring, scaffolding and staging, and every derrick, elevator, guy, cable, hoist, stay, ladder, or temporary support of any kind, or other mechanical and temporary contrivance used or intended to be used for or during the excavation for, or the erection, alteration, repair, improvement, or demolition, of any building, shall be of sufficient strength and be so constructed, protected, placed, and operated, as to carry safely any load or loads to be supported thereon, and as to afford safety from accident to any person employed or engaged upon the building and to all other persons.

27. Scaffolding and Staging

Proper scaffolding or staging shall be provided for all construction work which is to be performed more than 5 feet above the ground, or above a floor or roof level.

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28. Ladders

Proper ladders shall be provided to all scaffolding 5 feet or more in height, and every such ladder shall extend a t least 3 feet above the level of the scaffold floor that i t serves.

SECTION 5

-

EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATIONS

29. Excavation

a. Protection

Excavations on streets or other public lands and on the site of the building within seven feet of the street line, shall be adequately barricaded and during the hours of darkness shall be guarded by adequate warning lights for the prevention of accidents.

b. Shoring and Bracing

Earth excavations exceeding 5 feet in depth shall be shored and braced as may be necessary to prevent the caving in of the side banks.

c. Backfilling

Material for backfilling excavations on streets or other public lands shall be consolidated to the approval of the Authority having Jurisdiction.

d. Water in Excavations

Excavations shall be kept clear of water a t all times. .

30. Soil Bearing Values

The allowable bearing values given in the following table are to be used only in the absence of authoritative tests, well established local experience and practice, or professional advice; and in any event shall not be exceeded.

TABLE 2

Bearing Material Allowable bearing value, tons per sq. foot

Solid Rock (including sandstone, limestone, and laminated rocks): . . .

Hard shale in beds.. . .

BouIder clay or glacial till. . .

Gravel, sand-gravel mixture. . .

Course sand, compact. . .

Fine sand, compact. . .

Hard clay.. . .

. . .

Medium clay..

. . .

Soft clay..

*Based on ArticIe 3.7.6.1 (d) National Building Code using a depth of 5 ieet.

$Based on Article 3.7.6.1 (d) National Building Code assuming the foundation to be at least 10

feet in width.

For more complete information see the National Building Code.

(20)

31. Depth of Foundations

Except as provided in Article 33b "Wood Footings", depth of foundations shall conform to the following :

a. Firm Bearing

All foundations shall rest upon bed rock or upon well compacted and stable deposits of soil that neither contain nor overlie an appreciable amount of organic or other foreign matter.

b. Minimum Depth

All foundations except those resting on bed rock shall be carried below the level of possible damage from frost.

c. Frost Conditions

Foundations shall not be placed on frozen soil, nor shall any foundation be placed during freezing weather unless adequately protected against frost action.

32. Foundation Piers, Piles and Posts

Buildings without basements, or cellar or other floors below grade may be supported on a system of piers, piles or posts, and beams, or on slabs, provided that:

a. Beams supporting masonry are of reinforced concrete or structural steel.

b. Unit masonry or concrete piers or posts are provided with a footing having a projection of a t least 4 inches.

33. Footings

a. Masonry Footings

Masonry footings shall have a minimum projection of 4 inches from all faces of the wall, column, or pedestal, and their depth shall be a t least equal to their projection and never less than 6 inches.

b. Wood Footings

Footings for accessory buildings of frame construction throughout may be constructed of wood.

Such footings shall be of cedar or other equally durable wood, or shall be adequately treated with an approved wood preservative.

34. Foundation Walls

a. Masonry

All foundation walls shall be built of unit masonry or concrete.

(21)

b. Thickness

The following provisions shall govern the thickness of foundation walls :

(i) the thickness of a foundation wall shall be not less than that of the wall supported.

(ii) Foundation walls supporting wood frame construction shall be not less than 8 inches in thickness if of solid masonry, and 10 inches if of hollow masonry.

(iii) Foundation walls of solid masonry units or concrete supporting masonry construction shall be not less than 8

inches in thickness for one and two-storey dwellings, and shall be not less than 12 inches in thickness for three- storey dwellings.

(iv) Foundation walls of hollow masonry units supporting masonry construction shall be not less than 12 inches in thickness for one and two-storey dwellings, and not less than 16 inches in thickness for three-storey dwellings. c. Lateral Support

See Article 63, b.

d. Bearing for Superstructure

The top of all foundation walls shall be constructed of solid unit masonry or concrete.

e. Waterproofing

Basement or cellar walls shall be made waterproof by the application of a double coating of coal-tar pitch, or an asphalted or other approved membrane: or by other methods approved by the Authority having Jurisdiction, as detailed in Article 5.

Basement or cellar walls constructed of hollow units shall be parged with cement mortar

3

inch in thickness to receive the waterproofing coating.

Waterproofing membrane and coatings shall be applied to the outside of the wall and shall extend from the top of the wall footing to grade level.

Provision shall be made for the drainage of ground water either by the use of open tile drains or other suitable means depending on the local ground conditions.

35.

Basement and Cellar

Floors

a. Concrete Floors

Concrete basement or cellar floors when poured :

(i) on solid rock, shall have a minimum thickness of 2 inches

exclusive of any topping.

(22)

(ii) over soil, shall be supported by a t least 5 inches of ballast consisting of crushed rock, broken stone or brick, or cinders ; and shall have a minimum thickness of 3 inches exclusive of any topping.

Cast iron drains shall be protected from corrosion by stone or concrete fill when the ballast material consists of cinders.

b. Grading of Floors

Wherever floor drains are installed in basement or cellar floors, euch floors shall be graded to drain to such floor drains.

NOTE

For foundation ventilation requirements see Article 92. g.

SECTION

6

-

CHIMNEYS

AND FLUES

36. General

Chimneys shall be constructed of masonry units or concrete, or of other materials approved by the Authority having Jurisdiction as detailed in Article 5.

37. Materials

Masonry units shall conform to the provisions of Section 17 subject to the following:

a. Flue lining shall be vitrified clay tile having a minimum thickness of

5

of an inch.

b. Concrete shall conform to the requirements of Section 9. c. Mortar shall be 'Cement' or 'Cement-lime' and shall comply with the provisions of Article 62. Only cement mortar shall be used in setting flue linings.

38. Workmanship

Masonry units shall be laid and bonded in accordance with the provisions of Article 58 and as follows:

a. Mortar Joints

All masonry units and flue tile shall be laid in a full bed of mortar, and all vertical joints and all interstices between brick and flue tile shall be filled with mortar. All exposed mortar joints 'shall be 'struck'.

b. Mortar Lining

Mortar lining of flues shall not be permitted.

(23)

NOTE: PLEASE REFER TO THE REGULATIONS FOR

THE DETAl L S INDICATED.

CHIMNEY

F L U E S A N D

F I R E P L A C E S

REQUIREMENTS FOR HEATING

FLUE PROJECTION HEIGHT OF CHIMNEY ABOVE ROOF THICKNESS OF CHIMNEY WALLS FLUE SEPARATION OF FLUES CLEARANCE FROM COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION S I Z E OF CHIMNEY FLUES CHANGE IN SIZE SHAPE OR DIRECTION OF FLUES C H I M N E Y CONSTRUCTION SMOKE CHAMBER THROAT FIREPLACE REQUIREMENTS (SEE S E C T I O N 7 ) SMOKE P I PE CONNECTION CLEANOUT FOOTING APPLIANCES (SEE S E C T I O N 14)

F I G U R E

4

(24)

c. Flues shall be Clean

The inside face of all flues, including offsets and sloping sur- faces, shall be left clean and free of projecting mortar, mortar droppings or other material.

39. Non Load-Bearing

No chimney shall be used a s a structural member to support construction other than masonry which is bonded t o it for reasons of stability.

40. Support

The foundation or wall which supports a chimney shall be built of solid masonry units or concrete.

41. Corbelling

a. Projection

The projection of corbelling in chimney construction from a supporting wall shall not exceed one-half the thickness of such wall and the maximum projection shall be 8 inches.

b. Supporting Wall

The masonry wall supporting a corbelled chimney shall be not less than 12 inches in thickness, provided that where the chimney projects equally on both sides of the wall, the minimum thickness shall be 8 inches. Corbelled chimneys shall not be supported by hollow walls or walls of hollow units.

42. Thickness of Chimney Walls

Minimum thickness shall be :

(i) 33 inches of solid unit masonry with tile flue lining, or;

(ii). Exterior walls of 8 inch structural hollow tile, with interior walls of 33 inch solid unit masonry, or two thicknesses of

4 inch structural hollow tiIe with all joints staggered; and tile flue lining, or;

(iii) 8 inches of solid unit masonry without flue lining.

43. Height of Chimney

Masonry chimneys shall extend from the foundation or found- ation wall, as the case may be, to a distance of 3 feet above the highest point of contact with the roof, or 2 feet above any roof, ridge, parapet, or other part of the structure which is within 10

feet of the chimney, whichever is the greater.

(25)

Flue lining:

Flue linings shall extend continuously from a point 4 inches below the smoke pipe inlet, or in the case of a fireplace from the apex of the smoke chamber, to a distance of not less than 4 inches above the top of the chimney cap.

44. Direction of Chimney Flues

-

Chimney flues shall be as nearly vertical as possible, and in no

case inclined a t more than 45" to the vertical.

45. Change of Size, Shape or Direction of Flues

Cross sectional area of a flue shall be maintained a t all changes of size, shape or direction.

No change of size, shape or direction shall be made between a point 6 inches below to 6 inches above any floor or roof assembly.

46. Chimney Cap

The top of each chimney shall consist of a cap of stone, concrete, or metal.

A drip shall be formed either in the overhang of such cap or by metal flashing immediately under the cap extending not less than one inch beyond the walls of the chimney.

47. Cleanout

Except for flues serving a fireplace, every chimney flue shall be provided with a cleanout opening a t its base. Such opening shall be equipped with a tight-fitting metal cleanout fitting.

48. Smoke Pipe and Gas Vent Connections

Openings for smoke pipe and gas vent connections shall consist of a fireclay or metal thimble, or a flue ring of masonry. ' No part

of such connection or pipe shall extend into the flue. a. Clearance

For clearance from combustible construction see Section 14.

The clear distance between such connection and any combustible trim or other combustible material shall be not less than 74 inches.

b. Location

The smoke pipe or vent connection for any appliance other than a house-heating appliance may be made to a chimney flue, provided its connection is a t least 8 inches above and clear of the smoke pipe connection.

(26)

49.

Separate Flue

A chimney flue shall serve not more than one house-heating appliance, such as furnace, stove, or fireplace.

50.

Separation

of

Flues

When a chimney consists of more than one flue, separating partitions shall be provided as follows :

a. Without flue linings

Masonry flues without flue linings shall be separated by partitions of solid masonry having a minimum thickness of 33

inches.

b. With flue linings

Where chimneys are constructed with flue linings, not more than two tile flues shall be erected in the same flue space. T h e joints in such tile flues shall be staggered a distance of not less than 6 inches.

Each group of two flues shall be separated from other flues by a partition, or withe, of solid masonry having a minimum thickness of 3) inches.

c. Partitions or Withes

Masonry partitions or withes in chimneys shall be continuous from base to cap of chimney and shall be constructed of solid masonry units bonded into chimney walls a t intervals of 1 foot 6 inches or less.

Each flue serving a house-heating appliance shall be separated from any other flue by such a partition.

51.

Size

of

Chimney Flues

a. Square flues without flue linings

Masonry chimney flues without tile flue lining shall be

83

inches x 83 inches minimum inside dimensions.

b. Round tile flue lining

Tile flue linings shall be 7 inches minimum inside diameter. c. Rectangular FI ues

The breadth of a rectangular flue shall be not less than two- thirds of the length nor less than 7 inches.

d. Area of Flues

(27)

(i) Cooking stoves, ranges and room heaters - 40 sq. inches. (ii) Furnaces, warm air, hot water, steam

-

70 sq. inches. (iii) Fireplaces - Rectangular flues with flue linings shall be

not less than 1/10 of the area of the fireplace opening. (iv) Fireplaces - Circular flues with flue linings shall be not

less than 1/12 the area of the fireplace opening.

52. Fire Stopping Around Chimneys

Combustible construction such as joists, rafters, studs, sheathing or furring shall not be placed within 2 inches of any chimney nor within 4 inches of the back wall of any fireplace.

Wood furring or lathing shall not be applied to the wall of a

chimney nor to the back wall of a fireplace.

Wood grounds or plugs shall not be built into the masonry of a chimney or fireplace.

Wood trim may be placed against a chimney if it is insulated therefrom by at least

+

inch of asbestos board, and secured in place by incombustible devices to the masonry.

Gas

Flues

Flues for gas appliances, other than house-heating units may be constructed of bell and spigot tile pipe, or pipe with threaded or other equally gas-tight joints built into a masonry wall.

a. All material employed in the construction of gas flues shall be incombustible and corrosion-resistan t

.

b. All joints in the masonry, and all interstices surrounding gas flues shall be completely filled with mortar.

c. Where gas flues pass through combustible construction a t least a one-inch air space shall be maintained between the flue wall and any combustible material.

54. Smoke Pipes

For provisions concerning smoke pipes see Articles 122 and 123.

55. Flue Connections not Required

The following appliances do not require flue connections :

(i) Small appliances for occasional use, burning liquid fuel, the capacity of which does not exceed 20,000 BTU per hour.

(ii) Gas appliances, in accordance with the recommendations

(28)

of the American Gas Association as set forth in the publication entitled, "A.G.A. Requirements for House Piping and Appliance Installation.

"

(iii) In accessory buildings a smoke pipe may be installed in lieu of a masonry chimney.

SECTION 7

-

FIREPLACES

56. Fireplaces for Solid or Liquid Fuel, or Open Gas Units

a. Material

Fireplace structure shall be built of unit masonry or concrete and shall consist of hearth, lining, throat, damper and smoke chamber.

b. Support

Every fireplace shall be supported on a solid unit masonry or concrete foundation.

c. Back and Side Walls

The back and sides of every fireplace shall be constructed of clay or shale brick, or ashlar a t least 8 inches thick or of rubble or hollow clay or concrete units at least 12 inches thick. Walls of hollow units shall consist of two units in thickness with joints staggered. All fireplace walls shall be lined with firebrick or other approved material, or alternatively the minimum wall thicknesses shall be increased 4 inches. Firebrick shall be laid in fireclay mortar or high-temperature cement. Where the firebrick lining has a minimum thickness of 4 inches, it may be included as part of the required minimum wall thickness.

d. Lintel

Masonry over openings shall be supported by iron or steel bars or angles, or by a brick arch.

e. Throat

The throat shall be equipped with a standard metal damper which shall extend the full width of the opening.

f. Smoke Chamber

The smoke chamber above the throat shall extend the full width of the opening, and the end walls to the apex shall be inclined

at an angle not exceeding 4S0 to the vertical.

g. Lining

Fireplace lining shall consist of firebrick set in fireclay or high- temperature cement mortar, a precast fireclay unit, a double-shell steel boiler-plate unit, or cast iron.

(29)

NOTE: P L E A S E R E F E R T O T H E R E G U L A T I O N S FOR T H E D E T A I L S I N D I C A T E D .

F I R E P L A C E S

1-0 CORBEL

F I G U R E

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(30)

h. Hearth

The hearth shall be constructed of masonry units or concrete and shall be not less than 6 inches in thickness.

The hearth shall extend a t least 8 inches on either side of the opening and a t least 16 inches from the chimney breast.

i. Wood trim

Wood trim shall not be placed within 8 inches of the jambs or

1 2 inches of the top or arch of any fireplace opening.

57. Imitation Fireplaces

a. Recesses

The sides, back and top of the recess for an imitation fireplace shall be lined with not less than one inch of incombustible material.

No flue or vent shall be connected to such recess. b. Heating Appliance

A heating appliance for an imitation fireplace shall be an electrical appliance that has been approved by the Canadian Standards Association under the Canadian Electrical Code.

SECTION 8

-

UNIT MASONRY CONSTRUCTION

58. Workmanship and Procedure

-411 masonry units shall be laid true and plumb.

Bearing areas shall be completely covered with evenly spread mortar. Vertical joints shall be filled with mortar.

59. Winter Construction

When there is likelihood of a temperature of 32°F. or less, adequate equipment shall be provided for heating all materials entering into masonry construction. No frozen materials or materials containing ice shall be used.

Masonry shall be protected against freezing until such time as the setting of the mortar has advanced far enough to prevent any displacement of the masonry due to frost.

60. Use of Wood in Unit Masonry Construction

No wood or other combustible material shall be built into masonry except as provided herein :-

(i) Wood joists or beams may be supported by masonry provided such joists or beams are installed in accordance with the provisions of this Code.

(31)

(ii) Wood plugs may be used in a n y wall except the walls of a chimney or fireplace.

(iii) Wood bricks and wood strips not exceeding 12 inches in length and not less than 32 inches apart on centres hori- zontally and vertically may be used in the walls of buildings. (iv) Continuous wood strips not exceeding 12 by

3

inch may

be used in masonry walls.

(v) Wood nailing blocks, plates, and boarding may be used in, a n d on, parapet walls for the purpose of attaching metal copings provided they are adequately secured in place.

(vi) For a n y opening not more than 4 feet wide in a masonry wall of a dwelling, cambered wood lintels t h a t are used a s centering for masonry arches, may be left in place, provided such lintel does not extend more than 2 inches into the masonry a t either end.

61. Materials

For specifications of masonry materials see Section 17.

Used brick shall be sound, thoroughly cleaned and free of mortar and shall comply in all respects with the requirements of new brick. Not more than 10 per cent of bats, evenly distributed, shall be used.

62. Mortars

All unit masonry shall be laid up in mortar, mixed to a work- able consistency.

a. Cement Mortar

Cement mortar shall consist of one part Portland cement with a lime addition of not less than 10 per cent and not more than 25 per cent of the cement content, and not more than three parts of aggregate to each part of cementitious content.

b. Lime-cement Mortar

Lime-cement mortar shall consist of not less than one part lime putty with one part Portland cement and with not more than 6 parts of aggregate.

c. Lime Mortar

Lime mortar shall consist of one part lime putty t o not more than three parts sand or other approved aggregate.

(32)

d. Gypsum Mortar

Gypsum mortar shall consist of one part calcined gypsum to not more than three parts sand or other approved aggregate

(measured by weight).

63. Exterior Masonry Walls

a. Thickness

TABLE 3

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF EXTERIOR MASONRY WALLS

I

Wall above Foundation \VaIIs

+May be 8 inches in top storey.

b. Lateral Support

Material

1-

1 storey

Every exterior masonry wall shall be supported at intervals not exceeding eighteen times the wall thickness for solid walls and twenty times the wall thickness for hollow walls by means of intersecting piers or walls a t right angles to the wall face, or by floor or roof construction. Such lateral support shall be designed to provide adequate stability.

2 storey 8 inches 8 inches 8 inches 12 inches 16 inches Solid masonry unitJs. . .

Hollow masonry units. . . Monolithic concrete. . . Rubble stone laid on flat beds,

64. Anchorage

a. Wood Floor and Roof

3 storey 8 inches 12 inches* 8 inches 8 inches 8 inches 8 inches

All floor construction above the first floor and all roof construction shall be securely anchored to the exterior masonry walls a t intervals not exceeding 6 feet 8 inches. The abutting ends of all such anchored members shall be strapped, or otherwise fastened together, so as to form a continuous tie from end to end.

. . .

height not over 25 feet. 12 inches

. . . .

Rubble stone, random bedding. 16 inches

Wall anchors shall be of galvanized steel or wrought iron with minimum thickness of 3/16 of an inch and minimum cross-sectional area of 9/32 sq. inch or an approved equivalent.

b. Intersecting Walls

Wherever masonry walls of different materials meet or where- ever masonry walls intersect, they shall be bonded or anchored

(33)

together the one to the other, a t vertical intervals not exceeding 1 foot 5 inches.

65. Interior Masonry Partitions

a. Bearing Partitions

All interior bearing walls, which do not extend through more . than one storey, shall be considered as bearing partitions.

Solid masonry bearing partitions shall be not less than 8 inches thick and hollow masonry bearing partitions shall be not less in thickness than one-eighteenth of the height between floors or floor beams but never less than 8 inches.

b. Non-Loadbearing Partitions

Non-loadbearing partitions shall comply with the requirements of Table 4.

TABLE 4

NON-LOADBEARING MASONRY PARTITIONS

Non-loadbearing partitions shall be supported laterally by wedging to the construction above or by anchoring or bonding to adjacent horizontal or vertical construction.

Height in feet Thickness in inches unsupported exclusive of plaster

8 2

12 3

Intervals between wedging or anchoring shall not exceed 6 feet.

15

66. Solid U n i t Masonry

a. Restrictions on the Use of Brick

Bricks used below finished grade level and where exposed to the weather shall be such that they resist deterioration due to wetting and freezing conditions. (See Specification for Clay and Shale Brick in Article 138, Section 17).

b. Wetting of Brick

In non-freezing weather, all brick having appreciable absorp- tion shall be wetted immediately before being laid.

c. Bond

Every wall constructed of solid unit masonry shall be bonded a t intervals not exceeding 24 inches vertically by providing a t

4 20 6 25

~

(34)

least one full header for every 160 square inches of superficial area of face of wall.

Solid masonry of brick units shall be bonded by providing one course of headers for not more than 5 courses of stretchers; provided that a course of headers may be made up of alternate headers and stretchers.

d. Brick Bats

Brick bats shall not constitute more than 10 per cent of the volume of the masonry.

Such bats shall be distributed uniformly throughout the masonry.

e. Used Brick

Not more than 10 per cent of re-used brick shall be bats or broken brick.

67.

Hollow Masonry Walls

a. General

Masonry units, solid or hollow, for bearing walls and chimneys shall be load-bearing quality and shall comply with the provisions of Section 17.

Hollow masonry units shall not be used for isolated piers unless solidly filled with concrete.

The top, or bearing level of all bearing walls comprising hollow units, shall be constructed of solid masonry units or concrete for a height of not less than 5 inches.

Where the thickness of any wall constructed of hollow masonry units is changed a t any point, the top 8 inches of the thicker portion of the wall exclusive of any beam-fill shall be constructed of solid masonry.

b. Support for Structural Members

Where a concentrated load is supported by hollow masonry units, a t least 8 inches of solid units shall be provided directly under the bearing for a length that is longer than the bearing by a t least twice the required height of the solid masonry. For wood joists 5 inches of solid masonry shall be deemed adequate to distribute the joist loads.

Combustible structural members shall not project into hollow fire-resistive walls of unit masonry or concrete for a distance in excess of the minimum required for adequate bearing. The end within the wall shall be pocketed in solid masonry or concrete having a minimum thickness of 44 inches over all sides of the butt.

(35)

c. Breaking into Hollow Walls

Hollow masonry walls and walls of hollow masonry units shall not be broken into, subsequent t o erection, for the purpose of inserting a structural member.

d. Hollow Unit Masonry

Where two or more hollow units are required in the thickness of a n y masonry wall the inner and outer courses shall be bonded a t vertical intervals not exceeding two feet by lapping a t least 31 inches over the unit below. T h e net vertical cross-sectional area of the bonding units shall be not less than one-sixth of the superficial area of the wall. Where the units are such t h a t the shells and webs of the bonded units will not align one over the other, the bonding courses shall consist of solid units.

e. Cavity Wall Masonry

Cavity walls ten inches in thickness shall be not more than 25 feet in height, and in no case shall any cavity wall exceed 35 feet in height.

Neither the facing nor the backing withes shall be less than 4

inches in thickness.

T h e cavity between withes shall be not less than 2 inches, nor more than 3 inches in width.

The facing and backing withes shall be tied together with suitable corrosion-resistant bonding ties.

T h e strength of bonding ties shall be the equivalent of 3/16

inch steel rods. The ends of bonding ties shall be looped, or shall be bent not less than 90' t o form a hook not less than 2 inches long.

There shall be not less than one bonding tie for each 3 square feet of wall. Additional bonding ties shall be provided around the perimeter of all openings, spaced not more than 3 feet apart and within one foot of the opening.

68. Faced Walls

Faced walls shall comply with the following provisions. a. General

Faced walls shall be a t least a s thick a s required for masonry walls of the material forming the backing.

b. Thickness of Facing Units

Facing which is less than 3f inches in thickness shall not be considered when computing the required thickness of the wall.

(36)

c. Bond

In no case shall the height of a single course in faced walls exceed 10 times the thickness of the facing material provided that this shall not apply to pilaster and spandrel facing stone.

Facings of brick or solid structural units shall be bonded into the backing with headers, or stretchers a t least 4 inches thicker than the facing. One sixth of the area of the wall shall be composed of such bonding units.

All ashlar facing shall be backed with brick masonry unless otherwise approved.

All ashlar facing that requires anchorage in addition to the bond stone shall be backed by masonry not less than 8 inches in thickness.

All ashlar facing shall be bonded by means of uniformly distributed bond stones not less than 3% inches thicker than the facing units and having a superficial area not less than 20 per cent of the superficial area of the facing.

Every stone exceeding one foot in height, other than a bond stone, shall be anchored to the backing by an approved metallic anchor or anchors, provided that where each entire alternate course consists of bond stones, having an area not less than one-third the total superficial area of the facing, the anchors may be omitted.

For every anchored stone, there shall be not less than one anchor for each 3 square feet of superficial area, or portion thereof. At least one top anchor shall be provided for every 2 feet in length, or portion thereof, of every such stone, and if such stone exceeds

30 inches in height it shall be provided with an equal number of anchors a t or near the bottom.

For piers and buttresses, each alternate course of ashlar facing, having an area not less than one-third the total superficial area of the facing, shall be bonded not less than 3% inches into the backing.

Every anchor used for ashlar facing shall be a t least equal to a 1-by 3/16-inch flat steel anchor for bearing walls and a t least equal to a 1-by &-inch flat steel anchor for non-bearing walls. Every such anchor shall be bent not less than one inch into the facing and into the backing, and shall be completely embedded in mortar. All anchors constructed of corrodible metal shall be coated with asphalt, or galvanized after fabrication.

, . .

69. Masonry Veneer on Masonry Walls

a. General

Veneered walls shall not exceed 35 feet in height above found-

(37)

ation walls. In no case shall the veneer be considered a part of the wall in computing the strength of bearing walls, nor shall it be considered a part of the required thickness of the wall.

- b;' Attachment of Veneer

Where masonry walls are veneered with brick, stone, or other masonry, such veneer shall be securely tied into the backing either by a header for every 300 square inches of wall surface or by approved non-corrodible wall ties spaced not farther apart than one foot vertically and 2 feet horizontally. Headers shall project a t least 3$ inches into the backing.

Veneer of facing tile one inch or less in thickness may be secured to the wall without the use of anchors by embedment in mortar. No such individual tile shall exceed 144 square inches in superficial area or 16 inches in any one direction. Every tile exceeding 36 square inches shall be corrugated or scored in the back to facilitate bonding.

c. Loading

Veneer shall not be subjected to any load other than the dead load of the veneer above.

Veneer above openings shall be supported upon lintels of incombustible material.

70.

Masonry Veneer

on

Wood

Frame

Walls

a. Masonry Veneer

Veneer on wood frame construction may consist of solid masonry units not less than 3; inches thick, or stone not less than

6 inches thick. Sheathing shall be covered with water-resistant building paper or asphalt-saturated felt lapped 4 inches a t joints and around all openings. Veneer shall be secured to the studs with non-corrodible metal ties spaced not more than 16 inches apart in either direction.

When either the sheathing or the building paper is highly resistant to the transmission of water vapour an effective vapour barrier shall be provided between the interior face of the studs and the exposed interior face of the wall.

SECTION 9

-

PLAIN

CONCRETE

CONSTRUCTION

71.

Basic Materials

For specifications of basic materials for concrete see Section 17.

(38)

72. Storage of Materials on the Site

See Article 132, Section 17.

73. Cold Weather Requirements

a. During freezing or near freezing weather equipment shall be provided for heating the concrete material and protecting the concrete after placing.

b. Neither frozen material nor material containing ice shall be used. No dependence shall be placed on salt or other chemical for the prevention of freezing.

74. Proportioning

The ingredients shall be accurately measured and mixed, either by machine or manually, to produce a uniform concrete.

a. Aggregate

The volume of coarse aggregate shall be not less than the volume of fine aggregate and not more than twice the volume of fine aggregate. Aggregate shall be graded to obtain maximum density.

The maximum size of coarse aggregate shall be 13 inches for 8 inch walls and 2 inches for 10 inch walls.

b. Cement Ratio

The water content per sack of cement shall not exceed the

value given in Table 5 of this Section.

TABLE 5a

Specified Compressive Strength

lb./sq. in.

Water Content Imp. Gallons per 87 lb.

Sack of Cement

Allowance shall be made for surface water present in the aggregate when computing the water content. In the absence of a more exact determination, the amount of surface water may be estimated from the values given in Table 5b of this Section.

(39)

TABLE 5b

Approximate Quantity of Surface Water

Very wet sand. . . . Moderately wet sand.. . . . Moist sand.. . . . Moist gravel or crushed rock. . . .

Gallons per Cubic Feet

%

*The coarser the aggregate, the less watgr it will carry.

75. Mixing

Ingredients shall be thoroughly mixed in dry state. Water shall then be added and the whole shall be mixed until there is uniform distribution of the ingredients and the mass is uniform in color and consistency.

a. Machine Mixing

T h e machine shall be equiped with suitable charging hopper, water storage tank, and water measuring device.

T h e machine shall be cleaned a t frequent intervals and maintained in satisfactory operating condition.

Operating time shall be not less than one minute and not more than 10 minutes a t mixing speed after water has been added. Any further mixing shall be done at agitator speed.

b. Hand Mixing

When hand mixing is permitted by the Authority having Jurisdiction, 10 per cent extra cement shall be used. Hand mixing shall be carried out on a water-tight platform and great care shall be taken t o ensure that mixing is continued until the mass is uniform in colour and consistency.

c. Ready Mixed Concrete

Ready mixed concrete shall be proportioned, mixed and delivered in accordance with the requirements of Section 17 Article

141.

d. Retempering

(40)

76. Placing

a. Conveying

Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to the place of final deposit by methods which will prevent the separation or loss of materials.

Equipment for chuting, pumping, and pneumatically conveying concrete shall be of such size and design as to ensure a practically continuous flow of concrete a t the delivery end- without separation of materials. Conveying equipment shall be thoroughly flushed with water before and after each run; the water used for this purpose shall be discharged outside the forms.

b. Depositing

Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as possible in its final position to avoid rehandling. Concreting shall be carried on as a continuous operation until the panel, section or other unit of operation is complete. The top surface shall be generally level.

c. Compacting

Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted by rodding or other approved method to eliminate voids.

77. Water Conditions

a. Drainage

Adequate drainage and pumping equipment shall be provided to prevent the immersion of any part of freshly placed concrete.

b. Concrete in Alkali Soils or Water

In areas where alkali soils or water are prevalent provision shall be made, by the use of a rich mix, alkali resistive cement, protective coverings, or other means acceptable to the Authority having Jurisdiction, to ensure durability.

78. Forms

Forms shall be of such strength and rigidity and so supported as to prevent deflection under the weight or pressure of the wet concrete. They shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar. The removal of forms shall be carried out in such a manner as to ensure the complete safety of the structure.

79. Tests

The Authority having Jurisdiction may require tests of the concrete to be made during the progress of the work.

A Code for Dwelling Construction for Buildings Housing One or Two Families: Minimum Standards to Regulate the Erection and Provide for the Safety of Buildings

A

CODE

FOR

D W E L L I N G

CONSTRUCTION

F O R

B U I L D I N G S H O U S I N G

O N E

O R

T W O

F A M I L I E S

PRINTED

IN

1 9 5 0

T H E A S S O C I A T E

C O M M I T T E E

O N

T H E

NATIONAL BUILDING

CODE

N A T I O N A L R E S E A R C H COUNCIL, O T T A W A , C A N A D A

A

CODE

FOR

D W E L L I N G

CONSTRUCTION

FOR B U I L D I N G S H O U S I N G O N E O R T W O F A M I L I E S

PRINTED

IN

1 9 5 0

T H E A S S O C I A T E C O M M I T T E E O N T H E

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, OTTAWA, CANADA

MINIMUM STANDARDS TO REGULATE

T H E E R E C T I O N A N D P R O V I D E FOR

THE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS

Printed i n

The Associate Committee

the

N A T I O N A L B U I L D I N G C O D E

National Research Council

Ottawa

Canada

CODE FOR

D W E L L I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N

FOR BUILDINGS HOUSING ONE OR TWO FAMILIES

SPECIAL NOTE

This document is an abridged version of the

National Building Code, as published

with changes only of an editorial character.

The National Code is a t present being re-

vised. As soon as the revised edition has been

published, this abridgment

be similar-

ly revised. I t is hoped that.

in the interim.

this small code will prove of public service

even

its present form.

INTRODUCTION

Le

Le

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.