Peace Corps

Peace Corps

Spoken Hausa

Non-Hausa beginners For

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 142 070 FL 008 732

'AUTHOR Akamba, Bawah; Denteh, A. Crakye

TITLE Spoken Hausa for Non-Hausa Beginners.

INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C.

PUB DATE' [741

NOTE .73p.; Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document. Best copy

available EDRS PRICE

DESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Availablefrom EDRS.

*African Languages; *Hausa; '*Instructional Materials;

*Language Instruction; Language Proficiency; Language Skills; Language Usage; *Second Language Learning;

Sociolinguistics; Speech Communication; Teaching Methods; *Textbooks'

This text contains 62 lessons in Hausa for the

student of Hausa as a second Lang4age. The yeriacipal emphasis of the lessons is in developing skills in the spoken language,.and study is preferable with a'native speaker of Hatsa. The use of English is to be avoided except when absolutely necessary. Because of the attentiOM, given to oral skills, the teaching of formal grammar is also avoided,'

o- ,

and blackboard notes are not to be provided for the students to copy.

.Each lesson is structured'around a specific situation or topic, such as greetigs, the market place, or parts of the body, a:1

occasionally around an element of grammar. Repetition is the basic method uSed;; students Tepeat a given dialogue after the teacher, and then.memorize it. Substitution drills and question-answering are then used to reinforce what the student has learned. Review lessons are interspersed at regular int'ervals. ^(CLK)

_

* Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished

* materialS not available from pther sources. ERIC makes every effort *

* to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal ^*

* reproducibilityare ofteh encountered and this affects the quality *

* of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available *

* via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not ^*

* responsible for the qualityof the original document. Reproductions *

* supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. ^* .***********************************************************************

FOR

NON-HAUSA BEGINNERS

By

Bawah Akamba tVAS1 and

A. Crakye Denteh

a. or POINTER LIMITED _3:

P. O. Box 6999^.

ACCRA - NORTH ^?;

U S OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION S. WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEE/' REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM

THE PERSON OR ORUANIZATION ORICON ATIND IT POINTS OF .N.r IEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECLSSARILY REPRE- SENT OF F ICIAL NATIONAL tNsTITUTE OF E DUCA Ti ON POSITION OR POLICY

GENERAL HINTS

DON'T USE THIS BOOK until these "Ten Commandments" and the

"Suggested Methods" have been carefully read:

1. The book should be studied under someone who speak Hausa, preferably a native speaker.

2. In the course of the lessons, the use of English should be9avoided except where it cannot be helped.

, The ultimate aim is to help the Learner to speak the language.. Therefore the main principle of.teachirg is that of DIRECT METHOD, with a lot of REPETITION by which

the Learner is urged to say the same thing correctly over and over again.

The lessons have been designed to last an hour. ^{If well} handled, it should be mastered within the given time.

Rushing through, especially in the first ten lessons, should be avoided.

5. The Instructor is warned not to introduce too many new words, that is, words.which have not been.dealt with

before, into the new lesson. Some of the wOrds may ha7e been dealt with elsewhere in thn book. A.record should be kept of the new words. introduced.

trying to-answer digressive questionsfrom the Learners.

I should say that answers should be given only:to those questions which are consideredto be answerable.

:Effort should be made to airoid the teaching of formalt grammar. The Learners will eventually gettoilnow. the_..

tenses, etc. through fie ekercises and drills in the_d ^book.

Every 'subsequent lesson should prOvide 'an opportunityfor the revision pf the previous ^Lesson(s) Revision always.

9. 'Blackboard notes for Learners.to copy nOt.to be given:

even the Learners themselves are to be discouraged from

taking their own notes in class.. Someof the Learner's may..

oppose this.idea. But it has been observed that generally those who depend on their notes are the aries.who miss the main object of these lessons. However, Learners could built up their own English-Hausa Dictionary in their note

books. Another thing to be encouraged is.the recording of the various speech drills and 7.,ractices for private rehearsal.

10.. Attention should be strictly paid to the "Notes7, especially to,those Dortions"recommending^diagrams, sketches, tabular drills, etc.

'Conversation: i. 'PLP Instructor reads the parts of A.and B, and the Learners repeat these after him, line by line.

One of the objects for this is enunciation. The "Conver- sation" is next explained in English. The Instructor then takes the part of A, while a Learner takes that of B; they go through the whole dialogue; and then'another Learner, and so on, until)each one gets a turn. 'The dialogue may be acted, a Learne or a pair at a'time.

2. -Sentence Drill: i. The Learners read the lines after the Instructor. ii, The individuals then try them in turn, until all the lines are mastered. They may be repeated

over and over again.

,Sentence Practice: i and ii. (As.in 2, i and ii)..

ThrOugh leading questions by the Instrucor,.th6 sentences May be.applied to other situations, or may be used as patterns for the Learners' own sentences.

NOTE

It is one thing to.be able to read and understand the Hausa Language; and. quite another thing to be able to speak it. The, emphasis here is CM THE ABILITY-TO SPT3AK THE HAUSA LANGUAGE, and therefore all efforts should be geared to this objective.

IESEOIT TAKES ONE liOUR

LESSON

I'mitt2nce 2-n1 &:...-reetin formalities:

A. Sala= Alaikum! (i) 3. Alalku7Sa1am. ⁽ⁱⁱ⁾

A. Kwaishia ⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾

B. Tahialaw SamaDi. ^(iv)

170.7.n. kCne hears 21so: Kwalafia; Lafialaw.

2. C-z.heY.

(i) Gafara.

jii) (a) ^{Aanine ?}

'N.

(iii) (a)

(Ans. Nine ^Ali) Shigo, ^Xc;raba

Tnakwana Naijida. ^.

(pl. Kwalahianku; Inakwananku)

(b) 3aba, a, Yaro, Yaria, Mallam.

(c) S2,0 d2 rana!, Sant da Inil

(pl. Sanurilr. da rana!) Sananka da Ini!)

Response: Sanukadee.:

Note: Dialogue should be acted. EacX Learner should have a turn and in pairs.

6 - LESSON II

and B ask of their health: B asks A to have a seat:

3. .13. KandLafia?

A. Nna Lafia Kai fa?

B. Ni kuma. nna lafia.

A. MUngode ma Allah B, Ga kujera, zauna.

A. Nagode.

,(a) Other Forms:

(i) Kana da Lafia?

(ii),Nna da _Lafia.

(b) Attention on:

Yaya jida? Yaya yara?

Yaya matanka (pl. maatanka)?

Mijinki (your husband)

(Ans. Jida na lafia; Yarana na lafia

or Simply "Lafialaw" to the quetions.)

(c) Instructor and Learners should change.parts and acted over and over again.

(a)

MEW 7 ^11ml.

'LESSON III.

Revision of Lessons.' ^{arid II.} Lesson I ^must.be well.treated.

(b) Dialogue must be acted by Learners in turn.

8 7

LESSON IV

'- 1 to 10:

baya Biu _{.Uku liudu}

Biyar _Shida Bokwai Takwas TAra Goma.

No-;e: One 'nears of Fudu (4).

The counting must be done several times.. The idea

1

is to commit t'em to memory;

of obiects:

(i) (a) Kofa <pl.) Koofofi _{(b) Kujera} pl.) Kujeeru

. Daci _Daakuma Riga _Riguna..-

Hanya _Iianyoyi Ka a Kaji

Dusi Duwasu, ^. Zabo Zabbi

. . ,

(c) Sidi (cedi) .' Sule (shilling) Kwabo 27Kobo....7 -(Penny/Pesewa)

(ii) DRILL: Kujeru biu; Sule,tara Sidi hudu.

9

. -

I and B aSk each og their names:

:

a. Y.. h.0..nkuri, .yaya, sunanka? (i)-

B.. atinana SBIDU '(ii)

. -

Kai-fa? .(What about you ) Or Yaya sunankP?,

ausuna Jane.

Note: Yaya'surptri?-_.M170 (in case of, a girl/female)

li...-1244:2...2E_KL1.-1::

LadiiLah2di Liteni .Talata

Laruba Alhamis Jimmals

Asabar

(b) Yau wani rana ni?

). ^"0 Yau Lahadi

RP-rn Lahadi / Ran' Lahadi.

10. Variants of 17o. B:

A. Yaya_ace ciranka (ciranki.)?

3. Ana cirana Bello.

0

1 0

'MEM.

e.

LESSON yi

11. Yeehzday_rames exist in few cases as nicknames for usually giris.

Lahadi-Ladi Liteni-Teni Talata-Talata Asabar-Asibi

A

12.. Masculine names:

Lahadi - Dan-Ladi.

Litani - Dan-Tani.

Jimmala- Dan-Jima.

LARUBA-LARUBA Alhamis-LaMie Jimm?Ia-Jimffdi-

A'

M'asculine names fOi....the rest of the 'days do not exist.

13.

\? A. Yaya sunanka?

B. ,Sunana: Dan-Jima, etc.

1 1

=0: VII

A and B ask =,=ch oth-- where they come^from:

A. Yi hankuri, ina kafito?. ⁽ⁱ⁾

4

B. Nofito Amerika ⁽ⁱⁱ⁾

1.

Ina kai kuma k:ifito? (iii)

A. Ni nafito BaykU. C:

Variation:

Yi hankari, wani wuri kafito?

(ii) ina (where) woni wuri (whichplace) (iii) Kai'fa? What about you?

15. Simple terms in common use:

Yes -.3e, But Na'am ⁷ for responding to a call.

e.g. Seidu!

No - Aa'a or ^Babu.

Please Yi hankuri.

Thank you- Nagode

Dagodiya - with thanks.

16. For Practice:

i. .qn. Kafito Amerika (ne)?

Las. 3e nafito Amerika (ne) (ne):can be omitted.

Zn. Sunanka John? ^or.

Ana ciranka John?

Ans. ^.

Ao'.

0

iii. Go abinci. To "To" (Yes'but to questions in statement form) n. Kaci abinci? ^iv. Kafito Turai ^(ne)?

Ee. Naci. ^Nagode. Aala Banfito Turai ba.

Npte: The negative.pattern "Banfito Turai ba" has beenintroduced. ⁽

"To" oan also mean o.k.

- 12- 'LESSON VIII

17. A says good-bye _{to B.}

A. Zaani.

B. Kagae da ida!

C.

. T . Gida yaji. Nagode.

-..

. B. godiya.

18. A says good-night io _B.

. .

Zaani nyi kwana. Shei goke.

B. Kakwana lafia

A. To.

:0:Note:

Revise No.14 above.

13

19. Sentence ulactict:

There is a book on/Under/by/in/in front^of/behind the table.

Litafi na kan table nan ^(a)

(Book . Litafi; Takarda; Book or Booko but book and takarda are more.widely used in Ghana).

(1)

i

(When (a) is mastered introduce: karkashi, kusa da, cikin, gaban, bayan, giving adequate time

to each in -turn),.

Then introduce:

(ii ) Kudi na kan table nan ^(b) etc. and

(iii) Pensir (pen (alkalami) na kan tz;v?e. nan ...(c).

(iv) Variation of alz_1241_212j.._(c)

Akwai book, kudi, pensir kan table nan.

20. Revision of numerals 1 to 10.

Introduce 11 to 20. ^e.g. Goma sha daya.

then: ashirin, talatin, arba'in

hamsin, sitin, saba'in, tamanin tas'in, dari.

14

LESSON. X

21. Senten-e drill: ro.la continued:

(i) Litafi na kan table nan.

adaka/akwati aljifu

lore/mato

II

Z7se also karkashi, kusa da, cikin, gaban bayan to fill in..?

(ii) Yixed drill:

Litafi na kan table nan..

Rudi ^{IP It} adaka/akwati nan.

,Ok212mi/Pensir na kan aljifu nan.

Diku _{lore nan.}

(iii ) The locative verbs "ajiye; kwance saye" _{may be} introduced. e.g. Litafi na ajiye/kwance

kan/cikin.lore nan.

:hese car be 1)=1ed to fill in the tables.

15

7:

;

LESSO: ^XI

You = Kai ^You Ku

Eey (kei) (f) They ^au

ni

ita A = Impersonal e.g. Annacin ^tuo

Note: Strictly spP,r01--1-z;almost everything in Hausa, like French) is masculine or feminine.

C

( ) ^,

Nnashan fanta Eunashan fanta Y" r shan

Runashan Kimashan (f) ^It

(m)

janashan

I t

)

For further nY.actice:

(a) Ci abinci/tuo paanutiodobodo

Sunashan

(b)

(c) Zo (zuwa) sukuuru/makaran a

(d) Eid.a abinci

(e) YirawaL hignlife

(f) T-a-aka lore.

1 6

t

LESSON _XII 23. (a) More drills in the pronouns:

Sentence practice:

E.g. Nnaci paanu Tanaci akwadu Kanaci shinkafa.

Use the fOlIbwihg constructions:

1. Ci-paanu/dakumu/tuo/dundu (doya) kalawele/roogo.

Tehi (tefi) Kumasi/Bawku/Tamale/Ho

Note: Zaani _; Zaamu Tamale'etc.

Zo (zuwa) sukuru/nali/Legon/Gida/taarua _(minti) E.g.. Nnazuwa sukuru.

iv. Bida abinci/kaasua.

v. So (like.) tagana/rawa/gujia.

Yi rawa(n) highlife/adowa/saul E.g. Nnayi.rawan ^{II If} vi. Tuuka loore/Girigi/cece.

(b) Pronounce in _sentences: Zns. and Ans.:

t:'

i. Me ? (what) e.g. Me cega? What.is this?

Ina? (where) Ina aaka Where are ,yau gcing?

Pattern:

A. Me kace ci?

Me nice so?

Me .Ace rawa?

Ina tatefi?

1 7

Nnaci tuo Kanaso magana Anaarawan

Tatefi jida etc.

LESSON XIII

24. Kwaana, Bokwai mmaako) Wata, Shekara.

25.

i. Singular Kwaana Bokwai Wata Shekara

Plural Kwaanaci

Watanni Shekaru

Kwana daya, Kwaanaci biu etc. to 10 days., (Note: Kwana biu -.collog. is alsosai) _Note:- 134 days: Kwanaci dari data1at±nda

hudu.

, -

.da sukawuce,.

da yawuce E.g. Kwanaci dari da suRawuc.

tokwai daya da yewuce.

(1)10 (sing.)

Jiya (yesterday): Goobe (tbmorrow Note: Wa.tan jiya

Wa.an goobe

last month.

next month.

18

0

- 18 -

da sukezuwa da kezilwa

Variation oft(ii)

Wata da yawuce last month Wata de kezuwa next month.

iv. da rabi/da kadan.

Wata daya da rabi = ^{14 months.}

Wata daya da kadan.

For practice:

Ranan Letani BokWai biu Watanni hudu

a yawuce nga

******

Use also: da sukezuwa da kezuwa.-

da: rabi, and da kadan.

11

11 etc.

. LESSON XIV ^,

26. A and B ask each other how long they have been here:

A. Da kazo nan yadade?

B. Ee, yadade kadan.

Nasamu shekara daya da kadan(i) Kai-fa?

A. ba nazo,nan ba-yadade ba.

Nasamu,watanni ukU.kade.(ii)

27. Variations of aLl 0_i) above:

Nnada shetara daya da kan ( )

Nnada watanni uku kade.

(b) Nadale korai.

(C) For p-ractice':

Nasamu.shekara ../Nnada Shekara .

. Nasatu- Ainada

Use: da rabi; kadan; kwaanaci etc.

- 20

LESSON XV

28.. A_Aaa B-ask each other what they do:

A. Yi hankuri, woni aiki kake yi?

B. Ni mallamin sukuuru ne.

Kai kuma woni aiki kake yi?

A. Ba ni yin aiki:

B. Me kake koya?

A. Nnakoyan rawa daga Legon:

B. T2 yayi cawo. Zaani-

A. Kagai da gida.

rnazuwa sukuutu ne/nnakoyin abu ne.

29. Notes: (a) i. yi aiki:

(Nnaa yin aikip Guada abu : to But Mallamf -

Nnaguada abu =

koya abu ^{: ,to}

(b)

to work

Ba ni yin. 2f2n,7 aiki) teach/show (something)

teacher.

I am teaching (meaning) I am a teacher.

learn / to study.

In "Koya abu".and Guada abup if the object is -named it should replace "abu".

NNNnakoyan History/Hausa etc.

history/Hausa etc.

1.1) '

LESSON ^XIII Afinds E at work in the morninz:

A. Santda aiki 1 B. Sannu-kadee.

Yaya sanyi?

Lahialaw.

Sannuku da (pl.)

.31. A. Yaya sanyi? ^{B. Iahialaw} But San'da sanyi? SannU-kadee.

.San'da rana. Sannu-kadee.

San'da liii. Sannu-kadee.

32. Common ad'ectIves:

Kankani, Buba,.d adi, cawo (beautiful)

For_Eractice:

1.. Yaro kankani ^ii. kankani

Buban mutwm. ^Etiban

Abinci me Aaadi me daadi. ^-

Riga me cawo. me cawo.

NOte: 1, .Some verbs in Hausa come before the nounwhile others follow the noun.

ii. ^{Some a.-dj} s ) require "me" be±ore them.

2 2

- 29

LESSON XVII 33. ⁴ and B at the Post Office:

A. Yi hankuri, woni wuri/Ina kake?

B. Nna Le.gon.

. Ak.wai niisa?

B. 'Ee, akwai niisa danan

Woni wuri/Ina ka _{kuma kake?}

Nna Osu. .Ra niisa da nan.

Gaskiya?

A. Ee.

34. Colaars: for Practice Ja, baki, fari, shundi

1. Jan takarda. _ii. Ali nada

Bakin'riga. _{Fati nada}

Farin takalmi. Nnada

Note: Revise adjectives in No.32.

Post Office = Post Office/Gidan.waya.

,

LESSCY.

xviii

Ir_na? rgoni. wuri?

Inr. kace? B. Nna dsu.

hyrt::= .zaaka?. Zaani Legon.

Ir-1-2. Z.-of i ke zuwa. sukuuru? Ina uwa sukuunu. Tema.

Irma

kasani?

Tnr= ake. shan

giya/bommi9

Inra ake Lawan jiriji?

Anashan giya dida.

. Ana hawan. jiriji Nsawam..

kake koyan abu? B. Nna koyan abuTamale..

Inna kasai$ koyi (egg ) ^.N

nga? Naasai koyi nge: kasuwa.

Inn kaoi Daano? Naaci .paano Nediina.

z.4 ^ .-1,...-.t,.,ti.,

... '...-sz I,- ,l... U-s,n o71' Sent '?"!^..-s:

i . _{' .:} I''___"'-"3

i-ill-

B. (Ans.)

24 - LEssor xIx

37

A. 7i h'ankuri kanajin Faransanci?

B. Be nnaji. 1:naji Tuuranci kuma.

A. ri kuma nraji Tuutanci. Faransanci de%banji.

B. Faransanci beda karfi/wuya..

33. P r bractice:

karfi.

- Aici nga be(a karfi.

Toonanci (Twi) kuma beda karfi.

ii. Greek nada _karfi.

Tuukan.lore nada karfi.

Zaman'dunia nada karfi.

Fr=ransanci na0a wuya.

ici r.0-=, nada. wuya.

Toor-..rci narlF.'wuya.,

Thte: Kan.-jin F:lransanci?

wit?, answers as woll.

-LESSON '5CC'

L.O. A introduces C to B:

A. (to B) Ga abocina.Mallam Balm.

B. (to A) Ina yafito?

A. (to B) Yafito Kumashi.

B. (to C) San da-ruwa. Nayi farinciki da ganinka.

C. Ni kUma nayi farinciki da ganinka.

.. gates,:

1. Ga - here is.

41. Sentence Drill: Wafakila = 'Perhaps"

Watakila y o.

Watakila anyi hadere Watakila munsr-11 wani

Watakila yadoki.

Wataviln yafadi haka.

Watakila haka. yaks.

;

40.

(rain) yawu..

yawu.

-: In Hausa "Watakila" always begins a sentence..

_ 26 -

-LESSON- _XII

42.. 4.221g,cts B at ChriT.tmas on-some other festiVe anniversary:

Sannumu da sabon:.shekara

Sannumu'da shan ruwa. (After namadhan)

B. Sannu kadee. Allah yakaimu na badi Or Allah yakaimu shekara _{me uwa.}

Arnin. .CiltenY

143. Other foams:

Sannumu da-Sallah Sannumu da Layyah

San da sawka.(after E'el_,prayers

.

(b) Revise some of the Previous lessons.'

2 7

LE3SON ^XXII Sentence Practice:

Agiye Litaji Sa/Saka Riga

Cire Doki

kan ^Aljifu

na gikin Table

kudi cikin adaka

abinci

.45. Revision: Adjectives and colours.--

( ) i.. Dogon/Guntun Hanya

or H nya nada sawo (dogo) Hanyan beda sawo/nisa

(b) i. Ja, Baki, Fari-n-riga

If II II

II ^{II 11}

11 ¹¹⁴ II

Takarda Diku

Ankiti.

(C) Nna da cikin dacin Kofi

na kan taburun Ama.,

2 8

28 ^- LESSON XXIII

,L6. A and B ask each other whether they have bepn to

, Kumasi. etc.

A. Kataba uwa Kumashi. (i) 3. Ata ban'taba <1.1.wa. Kumashi.ba.

2

Kai'a7 katabal..uwa?

-

A. Bei.nataba oz.7a.

B. Hanya nada nisa/sawo?

A. _Bel aouai dari da sitin da tara.

47. Notes: Other form(

(i) Kasan Rumashi

(Arts. .(a) Be nasan Kumashi'da.cawo.(Well)/kbrai.

(b) Bansan Kumashi ba.kwataa..^.

(ii) (Adverbial numeral's) Soo-Dads. (soo daya) Soo-biu9-Sop-ukU9 Soo-hudu etc.: Just aaa-

the prefix ^{-. soo -} to hb nuMerals.

(iii) (a) The Cl-dinal numeralsup tc 19000 ^(Dubu) to be treated.

(b) "Kwta,'.." means 'at all' and goeswith negal;ives.

2 9

.1,12SON. XXIV..

48. Sentence. Practice:

(a) i. Kofa nga nada karami

or' Kofa nga kankan ^ne.

Ali yaro ne/knnkani ne.

Garinshi nada jirima.

or Garinshi baba ne.

Hanyan Kumashi ^{nada sawo.}

Wanga nada cawo. _P Sunan kiriki nada cawo.

Paanu nada ^dadi.

Danwana fari ne. (fair complexioned)

(b) Kofa nga yafi wOncan karami.

Ali yafi'Bawa ^karami.

ii. Sidi yafi pesewa 60 (sitin).

Garinshi yafi gari nga jirima.

Hanyan Kumashi yafi na Tema sawc.

Ali yafi danwashi sawo.

Ali yafi kanihaya-nshi sawo.

iv. Wanya yafi wancan ^cawo.

Sun= kiriki yafi ar iki.

v. Jan ankiti yafi bakin ankiti.

Paanu yafi dakunu daadi?

Vt. Pensirinka yafi nawa ^ja.

Kanina/layana yafini ^fari.

30

30 - I.772K: XXV 49. A visits BJ,

A. Gaafara! / Asalamu Alaikum

B. Wanine? / Alaikum Salam.

A. Vine Ali.

B. Ngwaya! Ga kujera.

A. Yauwa, inaa -kwana?

B. Lafi7... law, inaa gajiya?

A. Baa gajiya

B. Me akasha?

A. Ne kake da shi? -

B. Akw2i pito?. ruwa, beer, etc:

A. Bani pito. (pito is served) B. San da ,uwa!

A. Sannu kade!

"B. Lafia de?

A. 0, Lafia ne/da

B. Ka o nduba lafia nku _ne.

B. Na gode da _{uwar, ka.} .r

A .

Jt. Yaya nan?

B. Nan da, to she taln.wci da A. Allah ya sawuka.

, B. Amin.

A. Tog na .koma "jida.

B. NaL,ode A To jida

Note: Dialog- e to be nractized and YL&stared.

.31

T;

LESSON XXVI

50. Sentence drill: yinwa, kishin-ruwa, koShi/amfana

(a) i. A. Nnaji nyinwa.

Ynaji nyinwa kadan.

Nnajd nyinwa korai Nnaji nyinwa da cawo.

.(b).

Or.

Or simply

B. Ni de ba niji nyinwa,

A. Nnaji kishin-ruwa.

Nnaji kishin-ruwa da dawo.

Nnaji kishin-ruwa korai.

B. Karya! kishin-ruwabejin'ka.

Na-koshi

Naci, nasha na-koshi.

Naci, nasha na-amfana:

Na koshi/Na-amfana.

B. Ni de, nnaci ba ni koshi.

51. ^{1. A.} Nnaji Ganyi

Nnaji sanyi korai: na yi ciwo.

B. Akwai sanyi, amaa ba ka 'ciwo.

A. Nna.ji ufa/Nnaji ufa korai.

B. Ni de nnaji sanyi.

Akwai sahyi da gaskiya Akwai ufa sosai. etc.

r,

- 32

LESS017 yavII

-

rso

rt,hi₉

-n, hanya.

X.a.sauka lafia

4'4

_n

-

ani taruwa.

ti

on: isoki hanya, yan ü nga$ yayi kampAal taruwa

oe .711astcred.

3 3

0

-TEssON TivIII Who: Wanine/W.

Wa yazo nan? ii. Wa ya tafi wurin?

Wa yaci zuwe Wa ya cita ni?

Wa'ya tvaka lore? Wa ya :awuna?

Wa ya.san tcenanci? Wa ya fadi haka?

,

Wa etthi Ar.k.nra? Wa Wa esayi takalimi? Wa

Wa eo nan?

Wa ke cira na? Wa

Wanine or Wa is used only in questions, but never used to introduce adjectival.clause such as,in

"The man who came hel.eis my friend".^,

Re7isicn of 49. and 54.

55. Sentencc, Dractice:.So (to lilr.ey to be found Ali na ao

i. Nnaso akwadu, .1n23o waaka.

Ka na sc nagar*

Ka na so fiira.

Ina so magJInan shi.

Tha son shi.

Ina son tafiya..

Orsimply

Trainees ovn _sentences:

.515. Seni;encePractice:

Da nna so ...

of

Ftic

anino

'Janine bo so'kudi?

fle-nineba ka so?

Yaya kake,So gwanda h7='za?

should like

, i.. Da nna so nil. Waka.

Da " nroki hanya ntefi.

Da nyi Twi .(toonanci) Da ko7 o kaduba

ii. Ka naso kayi waka ne?

a :a

ni ne?

"t1,,bayeni mg!:Ina ne?

yT.t:Dfi

yaci abinoi.

y.

ya yi'karatu.

(1-itafi)

Kctes: i. These ar:1 tc be Iractind and _mastared.

ii. Fictorialestablish thcor talythr cric3_patt:,rns.e7r, be emp1oye5 tc

.3 '5

LESSOlj XXX 57. \Paits of the hum,In body:

(a) i. Kayi (kai) Ido

Baaci Hanci

Wuya Hannu

Mamma ,Ciki

fDawawu Katara.

Taafe-n - hannu Taafe-n - ^kafa

Kunni Leebo Kiriji Muugu

Gwiiwa (palm)

(sole)

Hakori Halshi Jeemu

'Yaasa Hakaifa

Gashi- n- kayi

Yaasoai (pl. of yaasa) vaasoosi- n- kafa.

(b) Sentence Practice:

i. Hannu na, Hannun\Alip

Hánnun wa ke ga? ^ewe

ii. A. Inanka ke ciwo?

B. 617iiwa na, kayi na, ciki na etc.

s\

3

- .36 -

LESSOIXXXI.

buv and currencv.to_use::

Iesew (kl.iabo)

Pesewa/kwabo biyar.

sidi, sidi uku.

if: Leeta, Gujiya, kkwadu, Gwanda, Tankwa, Kubeewa, acej G=ta, nasara, Daawa, Maiwa, aborobs etc.

Note: Introduce _{ci (eat)}

SentencP

_

" - 4 1.-= .21

Cf gujiya.

sar=lani (I think/believe, that

s=ani qeidu na nam.

ka na so bommin _kwaakwa.

sa=mani ma da cawo?

na'nan bu.

Seidu na nan ba?

3 7

'LESSON

nan

60. A buys

orarkgesfoheale;abhaout

A. Mei-Leemu, nawa nawa?

B. Ka sayi. (sai) woni?

Uku sile (riesewa goma) A. Ina da saac.a, raje.

B. Kawo pesew takwas . takafa da damba) A. Raje

B. Kai ma f i na ka.

A. Na baka kesewa biyar (takafa) B. Habs yayi kadan, kara mini:

A. Pesewa bokwai.

B. Kaw-o kudi. Nndawre ma kaZ,.

A. Aa a. Pesewa ashirin ^ne ka na de canji (change)?

Ee. Naaba ka canji Desewa goma sha uku.

A. Ee. Ba-ni jara mana.

B. Aa-a? Mallam? ^{Ga shi.}

Chanji nka ka cega.

Naa gdode.

Notes: i. Dialogue to be practised.

Words to dZscuss:

Mai-Leemu, (Mei Gujya etc.) raje, kara, dawre canji.

38 - L13SON XXXIII

61. Practise No.60,c7:.r.and ovcr bet-vv.:en different ^-

Pairs until it is mastered.

62. Sentence Practice: Yayi kmata

I.

Yayi kamata njira Yayi kamata ya o

Yayi k.mita yagan shi

Yayi kamt m-uyi aikin mu da cawo

Yayi kamat.7. tatofi sukuuru yau (yaW)-

63. Not as: (a) The negative formu:

Be hamata ba

Be kamata ka yi Mi shi aaria Aa-a Be kamata"ba..

)73

(b) The sentenCes may be practised with the variants as. well as the positive and the n,..:gative forms of the terms being studied.

39

LESSON ^XXXIV' A re7>orts sicketo ^B.:

A

A. Mallam banda laffiya ^kokadan.

3. Inqrkatzi ke kyiwo (ciwo)?

A. Kai ia, da sakani na.

B. Shai ka (ki) je ka (kin) ga dokta?

2

P.

a, rafani yabani maganie

B. Yakye (ce) ka (ki) sha ko ka (ki) yi yaya dashi?

A. Wai iyi masi dashi

B. He idaa ka (ki) tafi likita ka(ki) tafi.

A. Banda kudi.

B. Karbi sidi'biyu ka(ki) tafi likita maza..

A. To, nagode.

B. Baa godiya.

65. rotes: ^i. Banda lafiya; Ina Ice kyiwo;_ banda karfi.

ii. Kai na/sakani/kafafuwa/hakori/kyiki ^etc.

Shalhadiye/shafa/dura/tauna/shakeikurkure etc. magani."

iv. The "Conversation" is to be gone through first and foremost then a treatment of any difficulties together with ^{"Notes i}

and then a further Drantice (and a,cting) of the !thole conversation.

T,ESSO:

VTT

66. Sentenc ⁼ Y, 1-)1

(fi*121. = Acarshe, L.1 .(a) i. Zani Kumashi yau.

viaga-ni Kof I nanga

yu

Ya'zo

(40.) zo

Yazo yau.

"fluna nan yau duka.

-

initia' = farkc\.

Aii. :Yau ruwa yazo orjnyi ruwa yau) -Yau Larlaor (Yau ranan

Yau,munkoyi Hausa or.( atnoyi.HauS:\ yau) ,,(b) i. Zo ha(hi) ziyarachei

Karkatafi (karkitafi) yau, tafig Duba hanya na go

Kofi yayi w -a gobe,.

Tafi wurin obe da e.

iltint.:tfi gob_ d.1-anch

Ji radid, go

. Gobe ahamis.

(c) 1. Ya zo :(taz8) narxa jiya, alnchi sakwara ji ya.

Yatafi (tatafi) Tan-.11,-; jiya :fausa jiya.

4 1

(ii) Jiya mantuka mato .or lore (or Euntuka lore jiya) :jiya kayi (kinyi) waaka.

Nunyi rawan "highlife" jiya da safe!

Jiya.kadai mukasai wani.

67. Eotes: ^1. There is opportunity here to deal ,aith:

dasafe, darana, damaranche, dadare.

ii. The instrlIctor may use his own, methodology in dealing ,;-ith the material in this lesson.

.1.,ES.j.): =VI

1.

Sno

69. Sente.nc,-- chiwo, (ay bs c.)t ,

Ca)

(c;

Arcic::

Kaf:: z;.[ nayi mini chiwc.

na nayi r3ini chiwo.

(or hanu hi) na chi wo ne?

Idanu.nta (idanu shi) na chi we ne?

Jikina n _{chi wo.}

Inn ka (inan ki) ke ohiwo?

Y. na ini chiwo da.ba ya oba..

Ya n- miri Chiwo da banda

mini chiwo da kctchc baata:1o1phinka

or (f.-kin:t bat :Lca chinki)

Yr.a chiwo da baka wani kasai ba or (f. bakis*Imu waniqdtsaib).

sawra chi,*e L n7:fadi chiwo banzcba.

chiwo a nichi rJanunkl:I.

Note: i. Difffculties are to be dealt with.

ii. The 'sentences are to be practised.

iii. New words:- bata, lokachi; samu, damura.

ty. The Instructor may set up his own role-plays in which some of these expressions may^{be put} into use.

4 i

017;encn ice

17_1(XVII

77,.:Ja? why? (used only -it the

iinfti;t1 position in the sontenoos) be explained and 1.:rcti;.:ed: Note the emr,hasis:

Kai 'yasa

zo or (Meya ki ka zo'n-In?)

ai.ysa ko ke zanno mn? or (meyasa ki kezanno nan?) yasa ka ke koyon Hausa ..(Ke yaSa kike ko yau Hausa?) yasa ka ke dba (or kalO) na hakanan?

Yai yasa zaka? 8r (zaki)

yasa'kasai abinehi or (kika sai abinchi)

Yai.'Y-asa baka (or kri. so ka (or ki) yi magana?

Yai yasa ka (or ki). ke dariya.

17ew words: - duba; dariya-

ii. Domin" and "bakomi" are to be introduced.

ine oue'ttions nay now,be practised on a dilogue form:

m-

A. 1.:eyasa kake (or kike) dubana hakanan?

B. Bakomi (or) Nadu banka (or ki) domin,kanda (or kinada) chao. (cawo)

7'ne centenees Will Uu on,:- by onc:, and answeredi- every one got-rinz a turn.

iii. Tr. P sen7ence Tike: "Because I s,).id that/sO, he . _left".

wo-ild be tr,-.nolatod "Domin...." but ,;:ith arcther ' 1:,,.r,71,_13C' which is "abindaya sa

Iltoeo7.7 "Domin far]i sho ya (or ta) tafi."

(ii) The pel-sonal numerals' 1 - 9 being:

daya, subiyu, suwunku, sufude, subiyar, sashida, subakwaip sutakwas sutarap to be

practised: e.g. Wadansu yara w.cfudu na nanga.

Mmutani shida.

4 6

LESS01:

73. Vocab. for buyinc, ^sc:11in6:

i.

t7.gar_

masara.

ii. Household goods: paranti; kyanshi, kat.D, asanl:anahin abinchi, tukunya, takalme, riga, fulla, zani, kujera, tabum, Xof?., tukunya taba.

A buys frop B at B's shop:

A. Mallam yi hankuri,.zaninga

B. Kudinshi (or-kasuan shi) sidi gjma

L. Yi

B. Aa, ^D., q.ma ild!= ki:sad. (or kAsai) doni s±3i t--,.

A. Yi hankuri ba 1c7_ (o-r% ki; ko.,rban twas?

B. K6.wo.- A. lo, ama

da ^del ga

B. To, ma s?.y-.rwane, sii ns-...r.1 mak:- 'Ka Irmi (kin b7,.ni)

3. Yi ankurfpmg,. ba

A.

B.

Si

To, sidi t-1.17s

flo e: "c.:)r.vtion" is ani th-n

act-d (.:3 the rt 17°1: or ^{or ,irs 7,.11}

r;t:

4

LESSON MIX

75. Revision of No.74.

76. Sentenca Practice:- "whether - or^11:

(This is expressed in Hausa by the use of "oo".) 4.

i. ^. Yazo oo, bezuwa oo, baruwana.

Yana chin abinchi oo, bechin abinchi co, ban iyanguada..

Nkayinagana Co, bakayi magunaba oo,^ankinaka.

iv. Yaronam yanakwana oo, be kwa na oo, baya sani ba.

77. Sentence prtice: ^{But -- ama}

1.

Ya yia (yi) de ama baikai^ubanshi.

yana.son kuka am. nyayi yakayi^daria.

iv. Hanyan na da Tlisa de, ama,muntafi.

.

7 ^. :i.e::kini: ^D.''r i'ir

.... ..r.74 -.... -'' - '''' , '

;_l . :-...9,..L. . ..p ,,...-1 ...y...

A.

-.:7121...r1,

- Wukye

Akwai ⁷ :r-bn nS9

B. Eee, 7:ani Idal: ka kai wurin bitahagU.

"t me n.

B. Idan _{wurin 11a.}

A. .To ena yake?

B. Yena baya _{nan noo.}

A Yoe), ::111am nigode,

B.' 0, kark.,,_ =:e (or o, ba godiya) wer:f:s t: be discussed: wuche,

kaiwa lankWaz3awa, wurin nan.

The conver.T-aticn shculd not be merelyread but each

le-lrner the essential.Items aylduse them

in his r_.vn ^_ .7 a point to' whi3h the^. ceared..

75. on-.;encn

i.

Ni ra na

Shi ma, ya _{y b2le}

no da bat-1,1 barib:_.

na

ru-.;a ma 1 ^1-)a.

1:721 m La 1.-15

Y:.=.0 ma 17=

Dificul

fcr

joinori

" "Ko ..."

"Kc rua =a

49

LESSO::

UI

Senten3e .orctice: Me -- what (or.Yaya).

(0.) 'i.. Me sunan ka (ki) or Yaya_zunanka (ki)

i

Me kake dash!, (f. kike dashi) Ne kaaba st,P?

Me z.aka sanu?

Me zakct sai? -

Me yabata? or (ne ya ba che?)

(b) 1. eka ke so? or (Me ka ke nema?) Me ka che? (ce)

Me ya che? ^(ce).

ii. e zakayi?

Me .zakaena?

Me zaka bani?

i.

iv. Don ni?

Me zaka s,7-u?

sa?

5 0

IT words to _"cvarl

biyr

T%-lo oucstim th-lt 2.1yoro:;-r.fata

answrs:

1.1ai

ch

(Answ:3r) ^{177. ct:La}

by

("Nai

iik.

a statement icip7: tcd),

Holep1a3,3 ^iflC othe-r- m-?_y be used to c.st,71-olizh the expresionz with "rril (:"1.1t)

5 i

Extension of 83.

Sheykaranjiya the day before yesterday.

Yau today (with emphasis)

Jibi the day b:Ifore tomorrow.

Naachi rogo sheykaranjiya; yau kuma muna Chin rogo;

-donshi gobe baEu chin rogo kuma.

untafi garin Kofi jibi, Munkai Kumashi yauyau.

Notes: ^i. Attention on: fahimta; rogo; kaiwa/kai.

ii. Much practice. .

iii. Other aids may be employed.

T

mornin;:, - roon-.tido;

- rjr, wxyclwa: _ri.- d...ro -night.

CZ; ) Wak ^{5 -2."} 1:71.1n:

t=wa.

9

mato

,

'. _,

cr :Tikan.t'..1.ka ÷_{--r--LI .-.}^{,-. rl -}_-t...?.r-,1-_{-...i. -L.}¹ _{_..}

- ^.

Kofi kaf;:i waka

da-daro.

Ban kan,-:

iv.

t:a

. ,

W711:2 kow-4ni

S1,-y ii :i a='Irnche.

da-raf-a.

vii.

Bo kant:-.fi tar-cD 717-d2re.

le

X

-

Donzhf _

t'i

Kai kan zha tii d2-=7..nchc.

Zanan

c,-funi+- for thc 1--:1'nErz to mak cn usinp; tho tmTlo ¶t1)-vo.

-

LESSON 'XIV

87. Sentence drill: Wani lokachi "what time") when (a) 1. Wani lokachi kake shan

Wani lokachi kake zuwa aiki?

Wuni lokachi ake farawa?

Wani lokachi ake gwada abu?

Wani Wani Wani Wani Wani 'Wani Wani Wani

lokachi lokachi lokachi lokachi lokachi lokachi lokaChi lokachl iv. Kanashan

katafi wurin?

mukafadthakanan?

kazo nanga?

kayi waka?

yake zuwa?

zamutafi? ^. yashigu chiki?

zamuyi rawan highlife?'.

wani lokachi?

liunfadi hakancn wani-lokachi?

Zamu'wurin wani lokachl?

NunvL rawap highlife wani lokachi?

(b) Questions and-Answers:

i. Q. Wani lokachi Icakeshan tii?

. Ans. Nna bhan tii da7safe/da raha, etc.

Wani lokachi kazo nanga?

A. Nazoo nanga jiya.

iii. Q. Wani lolcaehl ya kezuwa?

A. Yena zuwa da-aar:Inchenga.

iv. _Q.

A.

Notea: ^I.

Eunyi rawan highlife wani lokachi?

Munyi rawan highlife yaa/gebe etc.

Vocabs. (Revision) Fara', tafi, aiki, fadi hakanan, yi aiki.

Learners may be given the chance to put the

questions for others to answer, working-in^tarns.

0

5

. entancc

-` 56 - XLVI

Idan (b) Idan Aa, 1.- I5.an natafi wurin (de) yayi alkin.

Id ^. (do) nat'7aboy.shi int

Idr

fdan hiiifo (dc)'yaatafi gida.

(

c)

(I

Kofi,yazc, wurin k?.fita.

Idan kafahinta, Tdan

idan yafadi h*lanj. yikuwa.

Td71-1 yayidaria, fit6.:katafi.

krlgani k.-;man yenl Chiwo bashi magani.

Idan kaji.maganan nan,kaboye.

,..

Id-rn ruwan rthi, ka zogida..

Idan .'

\ ,

,. -.1/

1., Vor.?..b=. (Rcvision) yi aiki, tlmbayi, roki,

-. .

yi wak-. ^{. ,}

(new words) fi yikuy-z, tshi, boye, Furth:7r :ractico of (a) aid (b) should be

dor tr thc discussion of.the liocabularly.

55

57 -

LESSON XLVII ."

- 90. Sentence practice: Ajiye etc. (Negative: kar, ka ajiye) (a) I. Ajiye wurin. ii. Ajiye kudin nan.

Chira bisa. Pensiri'(alkalami)

Ajiye kuma. takalmi

(Doki) Chira bisa. takarda.

Ajiye takardan nan kan teburun na/chikin,'karkashin/

kusar etc. kudi, akwati, pensiri (alkalamiY kujera.

(b) i. )ba wurin, ii. Zuba kasan wurir.

Chira, Zuba nan.

Chira eta.

Zuba. Zani nan nanga.0

Zuba 16rai nan nanga.

Zuba kudin na wurih.

Zuba zani nan kan kasan nan/chikin/kusa da, lerai, kudi, ruwa, la-akal lore (mato).

adaka (akwati) etc.

(c) i. Ajiye Ajiye firawasi nan wurin

.nan

Chira bisa, tii,.

Aj,iye nanga. giya,

Chf:ra bis a. etc. kudi.

Aiye firawase nan kan teburun nan/karkhi etc.' RuWa, kudi, tii,-lore (mato) dakik akwati (adaka)

Vocabs.: -lerai, firawase, tii; giya, daki,

The negative forms -- "Karka ajiye firawase nan wurin" etc. should be practised.

17-7355C7

`, "r 1. -0\¹

. 1-r4 r^.

7nwc

wurin

Tr.V71."-

(t7tk to)

it.

Tfi

Tafi d-13hi mnza.

Tfvfi da2hi yayau.

'hawo.

ccoc

7."

ii. Kai mi shi.

7,Lwc musu.

Tw-1*-7,-) Kai ma suduka.

wurin nan. 'Sai ma shi

datives,'tho forrs

"K.7..WO"

i"

Kaw :s. ruwa ii. Tafida ruwa. nan.

Tafida kuj=. wurin.

kudi r=-7a. Tafida kudi yanu.

:he -.3.7,.tive is introduced, and.therfer 'the forms change ccrdin,Ely as befor-:, (see b. above)

ra.

r".7"-W:

Ko'i

kayar

ii. Kai ma Amma Zani.

kirki. Kai ma d-.bi nan.abinchi 'Kai ma Akua kudi.

k-.we

Kawc Kark-1. kawo mini.

tafi

Kark-. kai ma Yaw _ruwa.

z

:7-r-rt.:IOC-IC'

cl,iscr,_:tic.n of, tho Instructor.

5 7

-

IESS017 XLIX

.Sentence Practic0, Zan ajiye: Negative: Ban ajiyewa 'etc. ^.

i

Zuha nan..

Na ajiye pensere'wurin ^nan.

Tii yena chikin moda

kara ka/ohiki etc. Zani yena karkashi ^terburu.

44. Na ajiye takardam na'kan teburu nan/kar kaahi; etc.

Eudi yera chikin akwati (adaka) terai yena kan kujera.

kwataku.

7..%ensiri lore (mato) ferawas ^i;ado

tii guga.

Note:. The negative forms "Ban ajiye tii kan kujera" should also be practised.

. . ,

Eofi ya .../Ammr, ta .. should also be introduced.

:

93. Sentence practice:

1R2isn (g (1)il kari, nagode) Na,samu wansaya isheyni.

(ii) Ya-ayi (iii) Ya isa.

(iv) A-a, nagode) iya iyi dabara.

i. ga-sha kama9

"cnke" na k-d,n?

1,

(Ans.) 0, yayi

u, u

Nabashi kudin nan:

Ya ajiye Ioren (mato) karkashi .itache nan

iii. a-aya yake? (Ans"-.) Yayi.

arami nan wani nasamu ^mqka.

i7. ^. Ntafi dak,A? ^{(Ans..) 0, yayi.}

Kama chiwo ne nyaso, kaze

4cakarbi magani ^{(Ans.) 0, yayi.}

58

yaisa)

-

^-

LESS0IT

924.

lioading ti-L: clock:

(a) TO 'be ffastered:

Karfe dayas, krfc bi,r ir ^karfe

karfe biyer, ^k-trfe

karfe tarr2 k:),rfo goma, karfo karfe goa-

ii.. Karfo dmyn d.?.-rabi; b.iyu bi; uku da-r7Lbi.

(b) Sanran minti com7....abuga k.7._rfe.

.11 ¹¹

gotria-sha-d%ya ahu Ic.rfo ) Karfe dv.n. y::..wuche

^71shirin.,

Icrirfo) uku yawucho da E2inti bi:rz etc.

(d) Karfe Fudu d. rinnti

Karfa shida da raihti gcro2. etc..

95.

Dractic3: Ambuc_

.

- (Seu thu answor -patti-Irn in 94 a, ...by o, and d

'.i ^Vocab.

(aitc:rn- tivo, ^{: k.7inr.n}

ii ^LoarnrE

rn.thir t.,:xn to r:ut thc.

question for th.-.; oth:-rs

exerci:;..:-: should 'o tr tii ovr

h

1. olCit or with aloe!:

.1irti-,r,z1 of a roock.

5 9

LESSON

LI

96. i. :New wordS: shia chiki, kii, shekara,kwan.:ifudu ksga etc. gariruka.

Revision: tafi, zo, kwanta, sha, chi.

-

97. Revision: Wani lokachi ^(No.87) question: Wani lokachi yazonan?

Note:

Patterns answers: ^i. Ya-a zona karfe=shida da-rabi.

.ii ^{If II If} jiya

iii. ^{If II II} ranan da-dare.

iv. ^{11 II II} dasafenga.-

If II II

v. (rana) ran-laraba.

,

vf. ^{II Ir' It} rana litani daya wuche

.. vii. ^{II it ill} shekara fudu kega.

vddi. ^{II If 91} yn-a dacle.

ix.. ^{It 11 !I} yakai wata biyu.

x. ^{tr It t,} yau-nga/jiya kadai..

(a) The question could be divrsified.

e.g. Wanflokachi mUkafara?

Wani lokachi ya zo?.

Wani loachi kukar kai

wirin

(use other-vocabs. too

(b) Answers should be related to the questions.

-

-

LII

(a) Tro:.-.1.nc!i--.tion drill: blb-%, urn, drm-uw-t,

abdki, yaro.

(b)

':se.-:;stion:' 1-..117uninga w ne.nc-?

Hall=ng71

or DalIarrtnga fa?

wa no'ne?

o- fa?

!nswor: 1. ne

no

n_

11

11

11

. Sar?).:7.7c..7a-na no.

99. Tolt::: Aneth- t for "Uma" "b-lba" is .TUb^'. unclos:lnd ^irrt ro "babani"; and

1.1/1co bobba" pnd bl-Lb-l'7,ri." and "Uma. bobba".-nd "Umn k',.rama".

1::ato-na1 unclo. is "RrA'ani" on(l`s truc: avuncular ralati7e.

6 1

Can:

(a) Sentence drill:

. ...a.

(b)

Na-iya taka lore ^{(or mato)} Ina-iya chin sakwara.

Yena-iya waka.

ver'=;-iya raw_in adoa (solo) free to ... (If you wish) Ka-iya ka kirTohl

Nun-iya nu sey abinchi ^nanga.

Ka-iya katafi.

KUn-iya kufadi wand, estions and Answers:

1. Kana-iya chin abinehi ^Ghana?

Kana-iya

Kana-iya

...

tuka.Zore?_(_or mate)

fadi Hausa?

iv. Q. Yena-iya rawan highlife?

101. The negative forms ... ban-iy-

Ans. Ee, ina-iya: chin abinchin Ghana.

Bp na-iya tu ka kowani irin lore

(mato)

11

Be, ya-iya fadi Hausa kwarai.

AEe, ye na,iya rawan highlife kwarai.

fadi/chin ^etc.

Ban iya tuka lore .(or mato) etc.

Baka-iya gaga mini hakanan: ka-ji Q. Bakfi iya zuwa ^ne?

Be-iya magana ne?

Ans

(see 100. i) (see 100. ii) A-a, ban-iya zuwa..

A-a, be-iya magana koo-ka dan.

Note: 100 and 101 should be practised and ^mastered.

62

fl

-uocooT

qOOA

(o).

."-,.

7.:0=

os

poat-t-

sT-rtpdc.

77..C.1;

ryu:I.(q)

t:731.1'73

2.7_17.:7527

:s7n-lcu

-tT

7

ca...1,DA

4Tgcq-,3ooA Tr-c3

"-ci

'0

6(21

4u"

LZLLT :41;7,72 dooar

TJ:nctc-11.

1:1)

tut-I

-c.2o53

TutH tu

-u-v tp

Lt-.1su.7.7.3

nig

7.YIL

07.7.11:1,1

eq

'q

61:

ff 7V

, -

V

:1.10cq....2,1.rsA75.00

163. Idan haka nan ne (then,.i.e. "in that For rractice:

1. ICzo? Idan haka ran ne tafi.

Tc,Iraso sakwara? Idan haka nan ne zoma

case" ...)

Ya san hanya? Idan'Sake: pan ne yatafi maw., Munfahimta? Idan.haka nan ne Outashi.mana..

Ni dan Kofi ne.

Nasan gidad ka.

Yena da kudi.

Yena ndmanka.

. Idan haka nan ne tafi ^dasHi.

Idan haka nan 're zo wurin.

0 It ^-tt sayar mi shi, kirawo shi.

104.GKUma (then, and then ^{also etC.)}

i. Nayi kuma iyi rawa.

Yena taka lore (mato),Auma.ye.na noman gona.

Baya gani, kuma bayayin^megana.:

Yenalia aziki, ^{. n} yasen takaq4a.

Yena gwada abu. (karant'awa ), kuma

Chachawani, kUma Yena shan giya, kuma

Yena jinya (magana), kuma

.i0

105. i. Tukuna

Used in th-G -C4n-1

idln h:k: ne yik,) k-ri ka c:ni

Id-11 danki,

Ji-binda TAlcafadi takan,I.

MUntafi, yazo takuna.

(or smd: yazo)

ii. Used in the initial or rdi.i osition of th::

Tfot-.

-

Karo sanan

Dub: magm:.

Yna-chin,2.binchi s7.nan

Fara t:'.fia k:rfe fudv,.

Kow words: tshi, bid: (nr nord), yikokaris

6

LS

10E-7. Levision: 1. .ConverEttion:. No.102.

ael.tions Yo.98(b)

1%7J7. Tern. ^s..le!,2 to n'o/it apro-xs).

__{V ...IV} 1. . ^rt._{V v.}

1. zirj jin Hausn.

"Tiar'n

kafi- chiwo.

kayi.'

k=an b=us or. bami.

II :t

It ^It It

If ^It tl

bandT, kudi.

'1:171tan ohi 4r1

kudi deow7t.

N:te: W:th t'-eso r7Ittrns, othor sonton3es c..1..nbe irrt.de.

66

63

1.:0:

108. Convers.:tion: ^711'7L

A.4 Nn-,,son (

L. 1. iy. rawa.?

Eo, n iy72. 1lwar w."..knn

highlife.

B. k7m yi wak?

L. ne lc-an yi .7.ka

To, kit k7..n,:" son

B. In7Lson (c,r 17u=

kidi d7t ch.m, r%?..

Kunrtd2A.-..n (r1..ry kr17.7.n=7,-..?)

B. Egc:, kjf.-1

Not:;: New -.lords, h-.1:_! (u3peci7.11y, kidi,

6 7