2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

(1)

QUELLE UTILITÉ POUR UN MODÈLE D'ÉVALUATION DES MULTIPLES FONCTIONS ET VALEURS DU PASTORALISME ?

A.Ickowicz ^1,2, Liz Wederburn³, J.Lasseur², V.Blanfort^1,2, J-F Tourrand^4,5, Bernard Hubert⁶, Benoit Dedieu⁶, Rogerio Mauricio⁷, Hermes Morales⁸, J.P Muller^4,5.

1.CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-34398 Montpellier, France

2.SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France 3.Agresearch, New-Zeland

4.CIRAD, UPR GREEN , F-34398 Montpellier, France 5.GREEN, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France 6.INRA, France

7.Universidade Federal de Sao Joao del-Rei, Brazil

8.Instituto Plan Agropecuario, Instituto Plan Agropecuario, Uruguay

Colloque P2CG, Dakar, 23 Novembre 2017

www.livestockdialogue.org

(GASL)

(2)

Plan

1. Introduction

2. Why looking for a diversity of functions and values of Pastoralism?

3. Methodology

4. Result : A Conceptual Model on Multifunctionality (MCM) of Pastoralism

5. Usefullness and relevance of the MCM 6. Next steps

(3)

1. Introduction

o Pastoralism : Traditional and static system, Poor productivity, negative environmental impact, Poor people (1980-1990s)

o High resilience (2000s)

o Agroecological transition of agriculture (2010s) o Not only productive function : Ecosystem services

o Multifunctionality of Pastoralism (Hervieu 2002) >>> GASL

(4)

GASL Action Network : Restoring values to grassland

“To maintain, restore and enhance environmental and

economic value of grasslands, while promoting their social and cultural functions globally”.

7th Multi-Stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting, Addis Ababa, May 9th 2017

9 SDGs

(5)

2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

o Individual functions of pastoralism :

(6)

2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

o Individual functions of pastoralism :

(Vigne 2013) Increase income and Food Security

(Wane et al. 2016)

(7)

ILRI Seminar, Nairobi, 26th April 2017 7

(Lecomte et al. 2016)

Opportunity for intensification

(8)

(Lecomte et al. 2016)

(9)

Global balance of GHG Emissions in Pastoral semi-arid Systems

Main GHG emission sources(kt eq.CO2/an) Carbon stocks in pastoral ecosystems

(kt eq.CO2/an)

Fermentations entériques rumt CH4 Féces ruminants N2O

Fire Termites

Fermentations entériques non Rumts CH4

Féces ruminants CH4 Féces non ruminants N2O

Féces non ruminants CH4 Motopompes

A Sink : Slight negative global balance of - 0,09 t eq.CO2/ha/an (Assouma et al. 2016)

Ligneous Soil

Animals

(10)

3. Methodology

Design an integrated methodological framework for assessing the contribution of grassland systems to multiple functions and values in relation to the SDGs and test on ground

• Literature review : 2016

• Conceptual model : Participative approach (Montpellier May 2016, IRC Canada July 2016)

• Participative films : mid 2016 - 2017

• Test and develop with partners on the field (WS and pilot sites)

(11)

Social point of view

Local development point of view

Production

point of view Ecosystem services

point of view

4. Result

A Conceptual Model to describe Multifunctionality of Pastoralism 4 dimensions

(12)

Social

Local development

Production

Ecosystem services

Conceptual Model with 4 dimensions : Detailed components and processes for each value set

(13)

Conceptual Model: Contribution of livestock to the values

Social Local development

Production

Ecosystem services

Synergies and trade-offs ?

(14)

Assess Social values

Actor Relationship

LocalNetworking

Capacity

Skill

Experience Knowledge

Leadership HealthCare

NGO/CSO ServiceProvider

BasicService

VetService

FinancialService

1 from

1

1 to 1

*

* access 3..*

*

attributes

*

Training Nb services Nb credit

Farmer

(15)

Assess Production values

Breeder

Product + name : string Market

+ price : double + availability : double

Milk Meat

Leather Wool

Manure Operation

+ duration : double + cost : double + labourForce : double

Transformation

Income Stock

+ quantity : string

Storage

Marketing

Transportation Purchase

Breeding

Objective

FeedStuff 1

income

1

operations 1

*

of

*

1

good

1 good

1 1

from 1

*

* 1

to

* inputs

+

*

1

*

1 stocks

*

outputs

* objectives 0..1

*

0..1

Liters/day Kg Feed

$ / day Farmer

(16)

Assess local development values

Actor Income

Competence

Activity + percentage : double

Role

Processor Consumer Producer Distributor Supplier

Breeder

*

competences 1

1 *

activities

0..1

* roles

* 1

requiredCompetences

* sector

1 breeds 1

income

1

Operation + duration : double + cost : double + labourForce : double

Transformation Storage

Marketing

Transportation Purchase

Breeding

*

* *

Nb Livestock employment

Nb factories GDP Farmer

(17)

Assess ecosystem values

Actor HydrographicElement

Breeder

+ quantity : double Gate

+ flux : double LiveStock

+ quantity : integer

Strategy

MineralSoilFertilization

ManureStrategy

IrrigationStrategy

AccessStrategy

MobilityStrategy

HerdManagement

WaterUseStrategy

AnimalWaterAccessStrategy Source

LiveStockActivity

Digestion Excretion

Trampling

Grazing Context

Activity

SoilPreparation

FirstIntervention

*

1 strategies

1..*

*

1

1..*

activities

1 in

*

1

*

out

1 1

context

1..*

1 activities

1 activity

Kg/ha

KgOM/ha LU/ha

Biodiversity Nb sp /ha

Climate kgCO2Eq/ha Farmer

(18)

5. Usefullness and relevance of the MCM

Multifunctionality Conceptual Model

Analysis framework

Project Guidelines Simulation Model

(19)

Simulation Model: Contribution of livestock to the values

(20)

6. Next steps

Next steps

• Improve the conceptual model : workshop, film, forum theatre

• Apply on pilot sites : surveys, modelling, interview……>>> interactions, synergies, trade-offs, indicators

• Finalise a generic conceptual model

• Develop applications : guidelines; analysis framework; simulation models

• Synthesis and communicate on multiple functions and values of grassland

• Document and website

(21)

2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

Plan

1. Introduction

GASL Action Network : Restoring values to grassland

9 SDGs

2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

2. Why looking for Multifunctionality of Pastoralism?

3. Methodology

5. Usefullness and relevance of the MCM

6. Next steps

Thank you