Small Multiplier-based Multiplication and Division Operators for Virtex-II Devices
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Small Multiplier-based Multiplication and Division Operators for Virtex-II Devices Jean-Luc Beuchat, Arnaud Tisserand. No 4494 July 2002. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4494--FR+ENG. ` THEME 2. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) ! "#$% "&('!('
(6) *)+,-&' ./0% &1/23&546" "$78:9"9;)<,=#> ?A@CBAD"EFHGIKJL@CGMI3NOBQPSROTUVDOBAGMWYX-Z\[V[]@^U_BADMW `%ab_cedgfgh i=j_kmlnd-onpSq:lnr_lnd_o d_s(rutConr_vmoxwyAcgzMpSo{ln|Qvd } ~pCd_s(L~j_ktCl{~d LtCmMpS~smd-~d3rad_~rad+k
(7) : QC h:vmo{yf:::fh _ tCqd3w. K$3u^m: `%amlnw=tCd_~-m~d3wd_ksw-l{kQsd_qd_~-c
(8) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSktCkl{AlnwlnpSkpSd_~tCspS~wgmd3l ur tCsd3sp08l{~sd] (¡$}¢i=Lw8£¤~pSc¦¥Ll{o{l{kO§`%ap:wdpSMd_~tCspS~wtC~dztSwd3¨pSk¨wc©tCo{o%uª × uª c
(9) vmo{sl{mo{lnd_~-zmonpr«Aw-tuStCl{o¬tCzmondl{ksadg8l{~sd] 1md_lnr3dg£tCcl{o{y§8®tC~lnpSvw8s~tSmd] pC¯OwtC~d
(10) d]A monpS~d3+°¤r3pScmvmstCslnpSk±md3r3pScp:wl{slnpSk³²=~tSlM²8l{q:l{s wd_swu²
(11) §3§3§´µvwl{kmq¶wMd3r_l·r¨8¸8¹=º qd_kd_~tCspS~w»§H`%adpSzmstCl{kd3¼pSMd_~tCspS~w1ondutS½spwMd3d3l{cm~pud_ced_ksw(vm½sp½uª¾¿£¤pS~1c
(12) vmo sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk0tCk Q¾5£¤pS~Hl{AlnwlnpSker3pSctC~d3sp=wstCktC~ewpSo{vmslnpSkwHpSkmo{y
(13) ztSwd3pSkKÀ¢ºxÁ¢w»§ ¼ÃÄMÅÆ
(14) Ç ^È$:ÊÉ vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk³²"l{AlnwlnpSk³²m¡}Ëi=²m8l{~sd] H£tCcl{o{y§. ÌÍxÎÐÏÒÑuÓÎËÔxÕ{ÏÒÖ×3Ø ÙMÚCÛÝÜxÞÒßÐà»ÞxÛÝÜ>áVâÝÜã(áäVáVÛÝâåáVæ^âÝߢáÜá¢çÒßÜßáçÒèÐÚ=çÒßêé:ãVçÞ>ãVëmÞÒÚCß®ìáVæ:ãVç áÞÒã]ÛíçÒßËî^ßHâ{ï ðòñ^ëóãVçÒôáÞÒÛåõ3öCßHî»ö-÷máç áâíø âåùêâåÛÝÜô1ß$úuû]ûVü"ý¤þ_þÿ_ÿ_ÿ
(15) 3þ . Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN (France) T´el´ephone : 04 76 61 52 00 - International : +33 4 76 61 52 00 T´el´ecopie : 04 76 61 52 52 - International : +33 4 76 61 52 52.
(16) ./M% "
(17) / "#$% "&(' $ /
(18) ,=&'!0& g 23L 46" "$7899 #>&'m " "1" " <0$ " " "#$% "
(19) . À¢d_s(tC~slnr_ond-m~j3wd_ksdmd3wpSMj_~tCsd_vm~w(md=cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk¨d_sl{AlnwlnpSk d_kQslnb_~d3w. md3wsl{kj3wLtCv¼¡}Ëi= mdo¬t£ÒtCcl{o{ond8l{~sd]A Ëmd¥Ll{o{l{kO§%À¢d3wLpSj_~tCsd_vm~w8wpSks(ztSwj3wLwvm~ ond3w®d_sl{sw®zmonpr3wËmdc
(20) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk¨uª × uªglnwMpSkml{zmond3w®wvm~Hond3wË8l{~sd] ]§:¹8l¯Mj_~d_kswËr3pSc m~pSclnw wpSkQsHj_svlnj3w(°¤mj3r3pScMp:wl{slnpSkemd3wHrutConr_vmonwu²ztSwd:²:d_kwd_cgzmond(md¢raml¯~d3w»²§3§3§´gq:~
(21) Sr3d md3wLqj_kj_~tCsd_vm~wgtCvmspSc©tCsln|Qvd3w-mdr3pAmdg=¸L¹=ºH§"º³d3w=pSj_~tCsd_vm~w-pSzmsd_kvw-r3pSkvmlnwd_kQs md3wqQtCl{kw©d_k¶l{sd3wwdmduª¾ pSvm~o¬tc
(22) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk;d_s Q¾ MpSvm~o¬t¨l{lnwlnpSk tC~ ~tCmMpS~sLtCv½wpSo{vmslnpSkw(wstCktC~½vmsl{o{lnwtCkQs(vmkmln|Qvd_ced_ks8md3wLÀ¢ºxÁ8§ ±Ç u Å É vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk³²"l{AlnwlnpSk³²m¡}Ëi=²£ÒtCcl{o{ond-Ll{~sd]A ]§.
(23)
(24)
(25) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#% 3. 2. 9A'L M&-
(26) #x "&'. É Ct kQy tCo{qpS~l{samcew=tCk tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d3w=at3d
(27) zd3d_kmd_d_onpSd3¼£¤pS~Ll{cmond_ced_kQsl{kmqcgvmo{sl{mo{l rutCslnpSktCk l{AlnwlnpSk l{k ¡}Ëi=8wu§1`%ap:wdtCo{qpS~l{samcewLc©tCl{kmo{y vwdwpSo{vmslnpSkw8m~pSMp:wd3½£pS~ wstCktC~¨l{kQsd_q:~tCsd3 r_l{~r_vml{swu§`%ad_ytC~dztSwd3pSk¨d_~y onp54%Òond_d_oHztSwlnrd_ond_ced_kswwvra tSw1£\vmo{oxtSmmd_~LtCk 6L7 6L(¹ 8^:¥ 985qQtCsd3wu§ ; pSced½~d3r3d_kQs0¡$}¢i=Lw©d_cgzMd3¶atC~< 41l{~d3 wc©tCo{ocgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wKzmonpr«Aw»§ ¡pS~el{kwstCkr3d:² 8l{~sd]A ®md_Alnr3d3w%£¤~pSc ¥Ll{o{l{kl{kr_o{vmd-c©tCkQyuª × uªc
(28) vmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wu=§ 98À¢ ; d_~lnd3w £¤~pSc º>tCsslnr3dpS~ ; s~tCsl£¤~pSc6(o{sd_~t=¡}Ëi-LwHtConwp-d_c
(29) zd3wc©tCo{omcgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wu§H`%ad3wdËkd 4 ztSwlnr d_ond_ced_kswc©tuy0ondutS¼spcepS~d,d >©r_lnd_kQs=tC~l{samced_slnrgpSMd_~tCspS~wu§ `%amlnwLtCMd_~=mdutCon?w 41l{sa sadmd3wl{q:ktCksad
(30) pSmsl{cAl @»tCslnpSkYpC£Hl{ksd_qd_~-cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk tCkYl{lnwlnpSk pSMd_~tCspS~wztSwd3pSk tr3pScgzml{ktCslnpSk pC£%wc©tCo{oHcgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~
(31) zmonpr«AwgtCkYr3pSk ·q:vm~tCzmondonpSq:lnr
(32) zmonpr«Aw(£pS~(sad
(33) Ll{~sd]A 1md_Alnr3d3wu§ ; d3r_slnpSkfezm~ln,d By¼md3wr_~l{zd3w88l{~sd] £dutCsvm~d3w1vwd3l{k½samlnCw 4ËpS~«M§H`%ad-cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSktCo{qpS~l{samcewu²pSMd_~tCspS~wLtCkl{cmond_ced_k stCslnpSk ~d3wvmo{swLtC~d
(34) md3wr_~l{zMd3¼l{k ; d3r_slnpSk 2 ²"tCk ; d3r_slnpSk ©mdutCon:w 41l{sa l{AlnwlnpSk³§%¡$l{ktCo{o{y² ; d3r_slnpSE k Dm~d3wd_kQswLwpSced-r3pSkr_o{vwlnpSkw8tCk£\vmsvm~dm~p:wd3r_sw»§ F. GIH. 46" "$7899KJgLL. 8l{~sd]A r3pSk·q:vm~tCzmond®onpSq:lnr zmonpr«AwË°ÒÀ¢º³Á%wV´m~puAlnmd£¤vmkr_slnpSktCod_ond_ced_kswO£pS~³wykram~pSkpSvw tCkr3pSc
(35) zml{ktCspS~l¬tCo®onpSq:lnr:§NM®tSra À¢ºxÁ l{kr_o{vmd3w-£¤pSvm~wo{lnr3d3w-r3pSkstCl{kml{kmq¼ztSwlnrutCo{o{ysO4¢p½ S l{kmmvms(onppS«Òvm¼stCzmond3w
(36) °¤Qº PL`(´]²mRs 4Ëp0wspS~tCqdd_ond_ced_kswu²"tCk£ÒtSwsrutC~~yonpSq:lnrmd3lnrutCsd3 sp tSml{slnpSk½tCk©wvmzms~tSr_slnpSk³§ /À¢ºxÁ atSw®Rs 4Ëpwd_tC~tCsd(rutC~~yeratCl{kwuS² 41ap:wdad_l{q:asËlnw®Os 4Ëp zml{swd_~wo{lnr3d:²~vmkmkml{kmqevmT 4%tC~°¤¡$l{q:vm~deut´]§ Ll{~sd]A r_l{~r_vml{sw>d_cgzMd3-c©tCkQyuª uª%Rs 4Ë0p Uíw>r3pScmond_ced_kQs$cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~w%°\sad É P8ºA`-uª^Muª zmonpAr«wV´]²$dutSra pC£1sad_c wvmmMpS~sl{kmq Rs 4Ë×p l{kmmvmsgMpS~swKuª^Òzml{swl{q:kd3YpS~0* V»Òzml{s
(37) vmkwl{q:kd3 41lnmd0°¤¡$l{q:vm~dK_z"´]§1¡mvm~sad_~cepS~d:²MdutSra c
(38) vmo{sl{mo{lnd_~8atSw8tCk l{ksd_~ktCo$ml{Md_o{l{kdgwstCqd:§ ; vm~ m~lnwl{kmq:o{y²Ssamlnwx£dutCsvm~dËlnw>MpApS~o{ympr_vmced_ksd3l{k
(39) sadËLl{~sd]A OtCstLwad3d_s WtCkwyAkQsad3wlnw spApSonwxwd3d_c5vmktCzmondËspLtCvmspSc©tCslnrutCo{o{y
(40) mdutC
(41) o 41l{sagl{su§$`%ad É P8º`-uª^Ouª ; r3pScMpSkd_kQsu²t3:tCl{o tCzmondl{k©sad1o{l{zm~tC~yepC£ ; yAkmmo{l£\y} ~pm²tCo{on5p 4wËvwHsXp 41~l{sd(cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~w¢satCsHstC«dLtS:tCkQstCqd pC£samlnwratC~tSr_sd_~lnwslnr0°¤¡$l{q:vm~de3r»´]§ Y Z ' [' µ "#>% &' `%amlnw©wd3r_slnpSk m~d3wd_kQsw©sad½md3wl{q:k pC£=d,>©r_lnd_kQs©vmkwl{q:kd3 l{kQsd_qd_~ec
(42) vmo{sl{mo{lnd_~w©ztSwd3 pSk sad É PLºA`-uª^Ouª©zmonpAr«w-t3:tCl{o¬tCzmondl{k¨Ll{~sd]A 1md_Alnr3d3wu§-`%adtCo{qpS~l{samcew-wsvlnd3ad_~d \ ÙMÚCßÐçÒß ÛåܳãVñC^â ]8ãVñCß$Þ áæCâÝ` ß _³ÛíÞÒÚ8ÞÒÚCß Ü _³ÛíÞÒè ÚCÛÝñ a¢èÐÚCáç áVèÐÞÒßêçÒÛÝܤÞÒÛåèêÜ$ãVëmá¢éCÛÝé:ßâÝÛÝñCß?î b7cì»eÙ df"à dgf¢æCâÝã3Oè h i/i. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(43) . %$ <!7, 0!
(44) :$ % <
(45) /ng%$ . Critical path CLB 0. Tiockiq. 1. FF. 0. 1. Tioock FF. MULT18x18. Slice 3. First carry chain. LUT. Tmult. FF. FF. FF. FF. LUT. net. net. (b) Embedded multiplier 0. 1. FF. LUT FF. LUT. Slice 1. 0. 0. Critical path. 1. Slice 2. 0. 1. 1. Tmultck. Tioock FF. FF. FF. LUT. MULT18x18S FF. FF. FF. 0. 1. FF. 0. Slice 0. LUT. 1. library virtex2; use virtex2.components.all. Second carry chain. LUT. ... mult: MULT18x18S port map ( P => XY, A => X, B => Y, C => Clk, CE => Ce, R => Clr);. FF. LUT. net. (c) Embedded multiplier with an internal pipeline stage. (a) Virtex−II CLB. ¡$l{q:vm~de 8l{~sd]A ËtC~l{samced_slnr£¤dutCsvm~d3wLpud_~Alnd4§ l{kpSo{d-wmo{l{ssl{kmqsad=pSd_~tCkmw¢l{kQspsR4ËptC~swu§ mÒzml{s%l{kQsd_qd_~ ton*p 4Ëd_~LtC~s X tCk taml{q:ad_~tC~s X wvra¼satCs 0. X. lnw%md3r3pScMp:wd3l{kQsp. 1. X = X 0 + 2 n X1 =. n−1 X i=0. xi 2i + 2 n. m−n−1 X. xn+i 2i ,. i=0. 41ad_~d § }tC~tCq:~tCmaw 2 §{:² 2 §Ýf²HtCk 2 § 2 md3wr_~l{zMd©sam~d3dtC~raml{sd3r_svm~d3we~d3|Qvml{~l{kmq £¤~pSc pSkndg<spm£pSvm~ É PLºA`-uª^Muª©zmonpAr«wu§ M :tCo{vtCslnpSk¨tCk r3pSctC~lnwpSkpC£ sad3wdgced_sapmw tC~d-wvmcc©tC~lA@ud3¼l{k¼tC~tCq:~tCma 2 § §. ðeixð.
(46)
(47)
(48) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#% D. .
(49)
(50) !" #$%'&)(+*-,).0/2135476854:9<;=%#>?A@ %` ad 4Ëd_o{oÒ«Akp541kl{lnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|vd_~HtCmm~ptSra½°¤wd3d£pS~>d]tCcmondCBEDG\F ´~d3|vml{~d3wx£¤pSvm~xwc©tCo{o. c
(51) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSkw tCk-sO4¢p8tSml{slnpSkwxspr3pScmvmsdHsad®m~pvr_s pSk½sad-£¤pSo{on*p 41l{kmqKd3|vtCslnpSk . XY. °¤¡$l{q:vm~d¢f´OtCk-lnwOztSwd3. (X1 k + X0 )(Y1 k + Y0 ) = X1 Y1 k 2 + (X1 Y0 + X0 Y1 )k + X0 Y0 ,. 41ad_~d § 68pSsd©satCssad n ondutSwswl{q:kml·rutCkQszml{swtC~dKpSzmstCl{kd3 l{~d3r_so{y£¤~pSc t k = 2n É 8P º`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«M§ ; ykmmo{l£¤y½} ~pvwd3wsamlnw1ced_sap¼spewyAkQsad3wlA@udgtcgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~(satCs(lnw o¬tC~qd_~%satCksad É 8P ºA`-uª^MuªN41lnsa³§ ¸8p54¢d_d_~u² tCk ~d3wd3r_sl{d_o{y0r3pSkQstCl{k½sad*V ondutSws¢wl{q:kml·rutCks%zml{sw¢pC£ X tCk Y § L9 vm~1d]d_~l{ceXd_k0sw=41l{o{oMY0md_cepSkws~tCsdLsatCs¢samlnw%rapSlnr3d mpAd3wekpSs0tCoA¢4 t3ywKondutS¶sp sad½£tSwsd3ws©r_l{~r_vml{su§ `%ad_~d]£¤pS~d:² ¢4 d¼at3d 14 ~l{ssd_k t8¸8¹=º qd_kd_~tCspS~=tCo{onp514 l{kmqKsad=vwd_~spwMd3r_l£\y0sad?14 lnsa pC£ ² ² ²tCk § X0 X1 Y0. n bits Y1 X1. X0. 3:0. Y0 X0. Y1. 7:4. Y0 X1. & 5:0. X0 * Y0 X1 * Y0 * k X0 * Y1 * k X1 * Y1 * k * k. Y1 X0. &. Y1 X1. concatenation. Y0. Optional pipeline level. ¡$l{q:vm~dgf H `%adl{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|Qvd_~Lced_sap °\ É 8P ºA`-uª^MuªzmonpAr«wV´]§ IH. 1KJLMONPRQS,T
(52) UV& )(W,).0/2135476854:9<;=%#>?A@ `%adLsO4¢pC14¢tuy0ced_sapAO²pS~l{q:l{ktCo{o{yem~pSMp:wd3©zyYX tC~tCswvmzttCk 9(£\c©tCkB 2 F ²tCo{onp54w%vw¢sp. wtC~dt É 8P ºA`-uª^MuªzmonpAr«¼tCklnw1ztSwd3¼pSk½sad-~d41~l{sl{kmq. (X1 k + X0 )(Y1 k + Y0 ) = X1 Y1 (k 2 − k) + (X1 + X0 )(Y1 + Y0 )k + X0 Y0 (1 − k).. Ðsl{kQpSo{d3wsam~d3d¼cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wu²ËktCced_o{y X Y ² (X + X )(Y + Y ) ²¢tCk X Y ²®sam~d3d tSmmd_~w»²tCkKOs 4¢pwvmzms~tSr_sd_~w°¤¡$l{q:vm~d 2 ´]§1¸8p514¢d_d_~u1²msamlnw¢0ced_s1apKa0tSw1tgwc©tCo{oM0~0t41ztSr« l{k satCs (X + X ) tCk (Y + Y ) ~d3|Qvml{~d n + 1 zml{swu§ kZB VF ²[X=kQvmsa;wvmq:qd3wsd3¶tCk l{cm~p»d_ced_kQ1 s8zQy 410 ~l{sl{kmq 1 0 (X1 k + X0 )(Y1 k + Y0 ) = X1 Y1 (k 2 + k) − (X1 − X0 )(Y1 − Y0 )k + X0 Y0 (1 + k).. i/i. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(53) D. %$ <!7, 0!
(54) :$ % <
(55) /ng%$ . X=kvmsa 4%tSwgtCzmondsp½~d_mo¬tSr3d zQy §%ssadm~lnr3depC£t0£¤d4<tSml{slnpSktCo onpSq:lnr:² 4¢d
(56) rutCktCoA4¢tuyAw=wvmzms~tSr_Xs81s+adgXond30wwd_~£¤X~pS1c −sXad
(57) 0 q:~dutCsd_~-tCk wtudgsadd]s~tezml{s BVGF § ¸85p 4¢d_d_~u² 4¢Xd 41l{o{o³kpSs(r3pSkwlnmd_~(samlnwpSmslnpSk¼l{k¼sad8£pSo{onp541l{kmq§. Y1. Y0. X1. X0. X0 X1 Y0. Sign extension X0 * Y0 −X0 * Y0 * k (X0+X1) * (Y0+Y1) * k −X1 * Y1 * k. Y1 X0 Y0 X1. X1 * Y1 * k * k. & 13:4. 3:0. &. Y1. ¡$l{q:vm~d 2 H`%ad=sO4¢pC14¢tuy¼ced_sap ° 2 É 8P ºA`-uª^MuªzmonpAr«wV´]§. I. .? . . ;=
(58) , .0/135476854:9<;%A>. ;ad_ksad=wlA@ud. pC£$sad8pSMd_~tCkmw1lnw%wo{l{q:aso{yKq:~dutCsd_~1satCk *VA²Asad-l{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|Qvd_~ Ct mm~ptSraondutSmw®msptX4%tSwsdLpC£³~d3wpSvm~r3d3wu§ ¡pS~%d]mtCcmond:²l£ X tCk Y tC~d=f:^Òzml{sËvmkwl{q:kd3 l{ksd_qd_~wu² ; ykmmo{l£¤yetCo{onprutCsd3w1t É P8º`-uª^Ouªgzmonpr«£¤pS~Ësad 2 ×2 c
(59) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk X Y §Ðk wvra¨rutSwd3wu² 4¢d
(60) wvmq:qd3ws=tCktC~raml{sd3r_svm~dl{kpSo{l{kmq¼tewl{kmq:ond É PLºA`-uª^Ouª 41amlnra1rutC1~~lnd3w pSvmsËsad1m~pAvr_s X Y °¤¡>l{q:vm~dL Qt´ tCkKwpScedLtSml{slnpSktCoonpSq:lnr%£pS~®sad%£d4 pSsad_~ËtC~sl¬tCo m~pAvr_sw½r3pScmvmstC1slnpS0k tCk/tSml{slnpSk³ § d¨r3pSc
(61) zml{kdsad~d_c©tCl{kml{kmq sd_~cew¼tCk zmvml{on m − 17 tC~sl¬tCo³m~pvr_sw8tSwmd_mlnr_sd3¼l{k¼¡$l{q:vm~d- Qt§®`%ad3wd-tC~sl¬tCxo³iymj~pAvr_sw(}H} tC~dwvmcced3vwl{kmq½tKs~d3d
(62) pC£ËrutC~~yÒm~pStCqQtCsdetSmmd_~we°¤¡$l{q:vm~d :z"´]§-À%tC~~y wtudtSmmd_~w i tC~dkpSs=vwd]£¤vmol{k8l{~sd]¡}Ëi-Lw=zMd3rutCvwdpC£Ësad
(63) £ÒtSws8rutC~~yonpSq:lnr:§g¡pS~c©tCo{o{y²³}H} lnwt i Òzml{sLl{kQsd_qd_~(md]·kd3 zQy (2m − i − 1) }H}. i. =. m−1−i X j=0. xi yj 2. i+j. +. m−1 X. xj ym−1−i 2j+m−i−1 .. j=i+1. ðeixð.
(64)
(65)
(66) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#% V. `%adl >©r_vmo{sÐy o{lnd3w=l{k¨sadmd_sd_~cl{ktCslnpSkYpC£ËsadN41lnsapC£Ësadl{ksd_~ced3l¬tCsdewvmcewu§ºxd_s vwkpSslnr3d-satCs }®} max (. i). =. m−1−i X. 2. i+j. m−1 X. +. j=i+1. j=0. =. m−1−i X. 2m−2i−2 X. 2i+j +. j=m−i. j=0. `%ad_~d]£pS~d:² max (. }H}. i. +. }®}. 2j+m−i−1 2i+j = 2i 22m−2i−1 − 1 .. = 22m−i−1 + 22m−i−2 − 2i+1 − 2i. i+1 ). = 10 11 · · 11} 01 0| ·{z · · 0} | ·{z 2m−2i−4×. °»´ °f´. i×. tCk}®} }H} lnwt Òzml{sl{ksd_qd_~u§LwwvmcedsatCs tCkr3pSkwlnmd_~-sad wvmc (}®} i ++ }H} i+1) + (}H(2m } +−}Hi)} ) §H¡~pSc °f´]²04Ëdgmd3vr3d m = 21 0 1 2 3 }H} + }H} ) + (}H} + }H} ) max ( |. 0. {z. 42 . 1. }. |. 2. 3. {z. 40 . }. = 10 11 · · 11} 01 + 10 11 · · 11} 0100. | ·{z | ·{z. ¸8d_kr3d:²>sad©wvmc lnwt Òzml{s
(67) l{ksd_qd_~u§ deatud 41~l{ssd_k t8¸8¹=º¶qd_kd_~tCspS~satCsgvwd3w w vra ~vmond3wKspYr3pScmvms42d sad wvmc*pC£sad }®} sd_~cewu§ ;aml{ond¼sad wpSo{vmslnpSk l{o{o{vws~tCsd3 l{k¡$l{q:vm~d© r0wd3d_cewdutSwlnd_~
(68) sp l{cmond_ced_kQsu² l{siondutSmw
(69) sp o¬tC~qd_~tCk wonp54Ëd_~md3wl{q:k³§ `%ad wyksad3wlnw0sppSonwrutCk kpSsq:vd3ww0sad m~pSMd_~slnd3w½pC£gsadtC~sl¬tCo=m~pvr_sw¼tCk/tCo{onpArutCsd £¤vmo{oÐtSmmd_~Cw 41ap:wd=l{kmmvmsw~d_c©tCl{k d3|vtCo³s p @ud_~pm§ 38×. . *. :";=
(70) W
(71). 34×. UV7U#=
(72) !
(73) 5? ; U#?. d at3d:41~l{ssd_k0t
(74) À o{l{zm~tC~y41amlnra0qd_kd_~tCsd3w®=¸L¹=º md3wr_~l{mslnpSkw%pC£Msad8tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d3w md3wr_~l{zd3 tCzMpud:§ `%ad¨=¸L¹=º6r3pAmd 4¢tSw¼wyAkQsad3wlA@ud3 41l{sa ; ykmmo{l£¤y;}H~p VA§Ý§ 2 tCk l{cmond_ced_ksd3YpSk tKLl{~sd]A 1¥LÀ%fCX D::^ D½md_Alnr3dvwl{kmq½¥Ll{o{l{k¨(o{o{l¬tCkr3d ; d_~lnd3w §{:§Ý 2 lÒ§ Ðksad8£¤pSo{on*p 41l{kmq² m tCk n ~d3wd3r_sl{d_o{ymd_kpSsd=sad=spSstCo³wAl @ud-pC£$sad-pSd_~tCkmw(tCksad wAl @ud-pC£$sad_l{~on*p 4Ëd_~LtC~su§ `%ad·~wsgd]d_~l{ced_ks
(75) r3pSctC~d3w
(76) sadsam~d3d©wpSo{vmslnpSkwK°¤¡$l{q:vm~d D´]§K`%adel{lnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|vd_~=ws~tCsd_q:y½ondutSmw(sp©sad
(77) wc©tCo{ond3wsLr_l{~r_vml{sw8l{k sd_~cew=pC£Hwo{lnr3d3wLkQvmc
(78) zd_~u²Md]mr3d_ms(£pS~ i/i. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(79) ª. %$ <!7, 0!
(80) :$ % <
(81) /ng%$ . m bits n = 17. .... Y1 X1. .... Y0. ... ... .... 17. . ... = n. . ... . ... −n m. ... .. pa. rti a. lp. ro d. uc. ts. ... PP0 ... PP1 ... PP2 ... PP3 ... .... n = 17. PP1 PP0. X0. ... ... .... n = 17. ... .... ... ... .... PP3 PP2. MULT18x18. (a) Proposed multiplier. (b) Adding the partial products (tree structure) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. ... ... ... ... .... 0 0 0 PP3 0 0 PP2 0 PP1 PP0. (c) Adding the partial products. ¡>l{q:vm~d É vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk 14 l{sa twl{kmq:ond É LP ºA`-uª^Ouªzmonpr«§ Ct k m = 19 41ad_~d-sadwl{kmq:ond É P8º`-uª^OuªetC~raml{sd3r_svm~d
(82) lnwwc©tCo{ond_~u§®`%ad-sO4¢pC 4%t3yced_sapAlnw lnwtCmMpSl{kQsl{kmq sapSvmq:ael{sHwtC~d3wËt-wc©tCo{omcgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~u²l{s lnwHwonp*4Ëd_~%tCksad tSml{slnpSktCo®onpSq:lnrlnwLsR41lnr3dzml{q:qd_~-satCksadl{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|Qvd_~
(83) tCmm~ptSra³§¡>l{ktCo{o{y²³sad tC~raml{sd3r_svm~dmd3wr_~l{zMd3 l{k tC~tCq:~tCma 2 § 2 lnw=teqpAp s~tSmd] pC¯YzMd_Os 4Ëd3d_kwAl @udtCk d_~lnpA 41ad_k lnw(r_onp:wd=sp 17 § m (k½l{ksd_~d3wsl{kmq©MpSl{kQs1lnw1satCs(sad=m~pSp:wd3 wl{kmq:ond É P8ºA`-uª^MuªetC~raml{sd3r_svm~dglnw(wsl{o{o ,d >©r_lnd_ks0£¤pS~ ² 41amlnra;lnw©sad c©tCkQslnwwVtYwAl @ud l{k M M M wstCktC~ BptCsl{kmqSÒpSl{ks C m = 23 kvmcgzMd_~w°twvm~d_y©pSk BptCsl{kmqSÒpSl{ks(rutCk0zdL£pSvmk©l{ k BÝGf F\´]§ d8at3d8l{cmond_ced_kQsd3¼Os 4Ëp d_~wlnpSkwxpC£sad®f 2 ×f 2 vmkwl{q:kd3cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~$l{kQpSo{d3
(84) l{ksa`d BptCsl{kmqSÒMpSl{kQs$cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk 41l{saYOs 4Ëp ml{d_o{l{kd©wstCqd3w
(85) tCksad É P8º`-uª^Ouª ; m~l{cl{sl{d:§K`%ad©l{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|Qvd_~ tCmm~ptSra l{cmo{lnd3w wo{lnr3d3wu²A£pSvm~ É PLºA`-uª^Muª ; zmonpr«Aw»²tCk½atSwLtMd_~lnp d3|vtCo³sY p D kw»§ 9Lvm~
(86) tCo{qpS~l{samc 50kd3d3mw 182 wo{lnr3d3w»²>twl{kmq:ond É PLºA`-uª^Ouª ; zmonpAr« tCk¨lnwgτ t0o{l{ssondzml{s won5p 4Ëd_~° τ = 8 kwV´]§ d=mo¬tCk¼spewsvy BptCsl{kmqSÒMpSl{kQs=tC~l{samced_slnrgpSk ¡}Ëi=8wu§ º³d_sgvw
(87) k5p 4¿wsvysadel{ctSr_spC£ pSkYsad©l{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|vd_~ced_sapAO§ d©pSz stCl{k sad¼wc©tCo{ond3ws©r_l{~r_vml{sw 41ad_k n =n17 °¤¡$l{q:vm~d D´]§ `%amlnwe~d3wvmo{selnwekpSs©wvm~m~lnwl{kmq ~d_ced_c
(88) zd_~=satCs8sad n ondutSws8wl{q:kml·rutCks=zml{swLr3pScedl{~d3r_so{y½£¤~pSc¦t É P8ºA`-uª^Muª©zmonpr«§ À¢pSkwd3|Qvd_kso{y²xsado¬tC~qd_~ lnwu²³sadewc©tCo{ond_~sado¬tSwstSmmd_~gpC£¢¡$l{q:vm~d©fzMd3r3pSced3wu§¡pS~ tKr3pScgzml{ktCspS~l¬tCo¢r_l{~r_vml{su²OranpAp:wl{kmq n = m/2 ondutSmw=a*p 4Ëd_d_~spt©£tSwsd_~8r_l{~r_vml{su§ ;ad_k 4¢d-l{kQs~pAvr3dgtml{Md_o{l{kdwstCqd=zyK~d_mo¬tSr_l{kmqtCo{o É P8º`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«w1zQy É PLºA`-uª^Muª ; ² pSvm~8d]AMd_~l{ced_kQsw8wa*p 4 satCs lnwsadgzd3ws8wpSo{vmslnpSk ¢sadgwAl @udlnwLd]tSr_so{ysad
(89) wtCced pSkd=satCs%l{k½sad-r3pSc
(90) zml{ktCspS~l¬tCno>=rutS17 wd°\satC5s Uíw 41ayKl{s%lnw%kpSs1monpSssd3l{k¼¡$l{q:vm~d D´%tCk0sad Md_~lnpA½mpd3wk U smd_Md_k tCkycepS~d
(91) pSk½sad-StCo{vdgpC£ n §. m = 18. ðeixð.
(92) . 550 r 500 450 r 400 r 350 300 r 250 r 200 150 r e 100 e e e e e e r e 50 r 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 03 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 operand size. τ [ns]. slice number.
(93)
(94) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#% r e e 22 r r e e e 21 20 r e 19 3 r e e 18 3 3 3 17 3r 16 3 3 r 15 14 13 r 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 operand size. $¡ l{q:vm~d D 6LvmcgzMd_~YpC£½wo{lnr3d3wYtCk6Md_~lnpA τ pC£0:tC~lnpSvwvmkwl{q:kd36c
(95) vmo{sl{mo{lnd_~w pSk¿t ¥LÀ%fCXD::^ Demd_Alnr3d 3 Hl{lnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|vd_~-tCo{qpS~l{samc X tCk Y tC~d©*V»Òzml{sl{kQsd_qd_~w °\ É P8º`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«wV´ ◦ -sO4¢pC14¢t3yYced_sap ° 2 É P8º`-u0ª^Ouª½zmon0pAr«wV´ • gtCo{qpS~l{samc md3wr_~l{zd3½l{k½tC~tCq:~tCma 2 § 2 ° É PLºA`-uª^Muªzmonpr«m´]§. slice number. 50. r. r 3 r 3 40 r 3 35 r 3 30 r r 3 3 25 3 45. 3r. 3r. 20 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 operand size. τ [ns]. 55. 19 18 17 16 3 15 14 r 13 12 11 10 e 18. r. 3 3 r. r. 3 3 3 3 3 3 r. r. r. r. e e e e. r. e. e. e e 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 operand size. ¡$l{q:vm~d D 1 ctSr_s=pC£HsadgrapSlnr3dpC£ n pSk sadl{Alnmd]ÐtCkA r3pSk|Qvd_~=ced_sapA. 41l{sa É PLºA`-uª^Ouª ; § • n = m/2 ◦ n = 17. 3 n = 17. `%ad¼tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d3w©md3wr_~l{zd3 l{k samlnwwd3r_slnpSk¶pSkmo{y kd3d3 o{l{cl{sd3¶ratCkmqd3w©wptSwsp Md_~£pS~cµwl{q:kd3¶c
(96) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk³§5`%ad vwd¼pC£ É P8ºA`-uª^MuªYzmonpr«AwKrutCk ondutS sp 4¢tSwsd ~d3wpSvm~r3d3we£pS~©wc©tCo{o8pSd_~tCk 41lnsa±°\lÒ§íd:§ n << 17´]§ ¡pS~Ksad wMd3r_l·r rutSwd pC£d_~y i/i. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(97) u. %$ <!7, 0!
(98) :$ % <
(99) /ng%$ . wc©tCo{opSMd_~tCk 41lnsa °\vm¨sp K D zml{swV´]²OsR4Ëp½c
(100) vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSkw
(101) rutCk¨zMdwatC~d3¨l{ksadwtCced É P8º`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«M§ Z. '[' µ)<,-&('. %` ad
(102) cep:ws=r3pSccepSk l{lnwlnpSk l{cmond_ced_kstCslnpSk l{k m~pAr3d3wwpS~w8lnwLsadl{q:l{sÒ~d3r_vm~~d_kr3detCo qpS~l{samc ktCced3 ; `;£\~pSc sad=l{kml{sl¬tConw(pC£ ; 4Ëd3d_kd_y²LpSzd_~swpSk³²tCk¼`xpArad_~u§ ; ` tCk pSsad_~ l{AlnwlnpSketCo{qpS~l{samcew®tCkl{cmond_ced_kQstCslnpSkwËrutCkzd®£pSvmk
(103) l{ket8r3pScmond_sd1wvm~d_y B D F § ¹8l{q:l{sÒ~d3r_vm~~d_kr3dgtCo{qpS~l{samcew(~d_sl{~dtg·md30kQvmc
(104) zd_~LpC£$|vpSslnd_kQs1zml{sw%l{k¼d_d_~y©l{sd_~tCslnpSk³§ ; ` l{Alnmd_~w®tC~d1wl{cl{o¬tC~ sp=sa d tCMd_~ÐtCkAÒd_kr_l{o ced_sapAO²:zmvms sad_ypSkmo{y
(105) vwd%o{l{cl{sd3 r3pSctC~lnwpSkw
(106) sp wMd3d3AÒvm sadK|QvpSslnd_kswd_ond3r_slnpSk³§ ; `<l{Alnmd_~wtC~dKs yAmlnrutCo{o{yYpC£on*p 4 r3pScmond]l{s y²Mvmsl{o{Al @udwc©tCo{o tC~dut²Mzmvms8at3d~d_o¬tCsl{d_o{y o¬tC~qdo¬tCsd_kr_lnd3wu§-6r3pScmond_sdzMppS« lnw(md_pSsd3½spel{q:l{sÒ~d3r_vm~~d_kr3dtCo{qpS~l{samcew B{ F § ¡>l{q:vm~N d Vm~d3wd_kQsw8twstCktC~ ~tSl ; `/l{sd_~tCslnpSktC~raml{sd3r_svm~d0° k ´]§Ë`%ad_~d tC~d t = dn/ke l{sd_~tCslnpSkw=l{ksadl{lnwlnpSk¨r pC£ nÒzml{s8l{kQsd_qd_~wu§=` 4¢p½tSml{slnrpSk=tCoH2r_yAr_ond3w=tC~d ~d3|vml{~d3 °=zMd]£¤pS~dtCkt^£¤sd_~1sad=l{sd_~tCslnpSkwV´¢sprad3r«½l{kmmvms1:tCo{vd3wg°¤l{lnwlnpSk½zQy @ud_~p tCk0wrutCo{l{kmq´ËtCk©sp
(107) r3pSkQd_~s%sad8wl{q:kd3A l{q:l{s1|QvpSslnd_ks¢sptgwstCktC~©~tSlAÐfkpSstCslnpSk³§ `%ad
(108) l{lnwlnpSk x/d m~pvr3d3w k zml{sw8pC£ sad
(109) |vpSslnd_kQs q tCsLd_d_~y½l{sd_~tCslnpSk³§`%ad
(110) |QvpSslnd_ks l{q:l{s q lnw¢~d_m~d3wd_kQsd3vwl{kmqtg~tSl r kpSstCslnpSk³§H`%adL·~wsË~d3wlnvtCo w lnw¢l{kml{sl¬tCo{Al @ud3sp §$%s®l{jsd_~tCslnpSk j ²sad1~d3wlnvtCo w lnwËwaml£¤sd3zQy k zml{swHond]£¤sL°\l{sHm~pAvr3d3w 0 rw ´]§$Á1tSwd3©pSk x t£¤d 4±cep:ws=wl{q:kml·rutCkQs=zml{sw8pC£ rwj tCk d ° n tCk n Òzml{sLo¬tC~qd
(111) ~d3wMd3r_sl{d_jo{ym´]²MpSkdrutCk md3vr3desadkd]As
(112) |QvpSslnd_ksgl{q:l{s qj vwl{kmq¼srade|vpSsdlnd_kQsl{q:l{sgwd_ond3r_slnpSk stCzmond ° 8wd_oò´]§ vmzms~tSr_sd3¼sp rw sp£pS~c sad=kd]s~d3wlnvtCo w § ¡$l{ktCo{o{y²msadm~pvr_s q × d lnw1wj+1 j+1. j. j+1. wj. shift. Qsel table. d. rwj. ¡$l{q:vm~d V. ;. wj+1 q j+1. $`/l{AlnwlnpSk¼l{sd_~tCslnpSk¨tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d:§. ðeixð.
(113)
(114)
(115) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#%. * . . VUV
(116) R62. . . 1 0=
(117) '?. :";
(118) :
(119) 5U. :. 7U#= ?. `¶l{Alnmd_~w qd_kd_~tCspS~ 4%tSw®md_d_onpSMd3el{kKÀ§ Á1tSwd3epSksadpSMd_~tCspS~HtC~tCced_sd_~w °¤pSMd_~tCkmw741lnsa³²M~tSlM²M|vpSslnd_kQstCk ~d3wlnvtCo~d_m~d3wd_kQstCslnpSkwV´]²Msadm~pSq:~tCcÊrad3r«Aw sad tC~tCced_sd_~w½r3pScgzml{ktCslnpSk³²8qd_kd_~tCsd3wsad|QvpSslnd_ks½l{q:l{swd_ond3r_slnpSk stCzmondtCk sad wyksad3wAl @»tCzmond(=¸8¹8º¨r3pAmd(pC£³sad8r3pScmond_sd=pSd_~tCspS~%md3wr_~l{mslnpSk³§H`%ad_~dLlnw®kp
(120) ml{Md_o{l{kd ond_d_oxl{kwlnmd=sad-qd_kd_~tCsd3¼l{sd_~tCslnpSkmd3wr_~l{mslnpSk³§ `%ad_~dtC~d1wd_d_~tComl{cpS~stCksHtC~tCced_sd_~wHl{k©t ; ` l{Alnmd_~u§$`%ad%~tSl = 2k mo¬tuyAw tgc©t^pS~¢~pSond:§®¡pS~%o¬tC~qdL:tCo{vd3w1pC£ k sad8l{sd_~tCslnpSk½kQvmcgzMd_~ t lnw1wc©tCo{oMzmvms1dutSrra l{sd_~tCslnpSk lnw(r3pScmond] °\o¬tC~qd 8wd_o³stCzmond3wu²r3pScmond]¼m~pvr_s q × d´]§Ë¸(l{q:a ~tSlnr3d3w
(121) °\o¬tC~qd_~(satCk DYl{k pSvm~rutSwd»´eondutS sp d_~y aQvmqd¨|vpSslnd_kQs½l{q:l{j+1 swd_ond3r_slnpSk stCzmond3w0tCk wd3d_c*spYzMd l{cm~tSr_slnrutCzmond:§ `%ad=~tSl k |QvpSslnd_kslnw¢~d_m~d3wd_kQsd3½vwl{kmq©t
(122) wl{q:kd3A l{q:l{s~d3vmktCkQskvmcgzMd_~(wyw sd_c¿spd_kwvm~dL2satCs¢kd]s%|QvpSslnd_ksl{q:l{s%md_sd_~cl{ktCslnpSk½lnw¢Mp:wwl{zmond8pSkmo{yeztSwd30pSk¼t-£d 4 cep:ws¢wl{q:kml·rutCks n tCk n zml{sw¢pC£>sadL~d3wlnvtCoOtCkl{AlnwpS~%~d3wMd3r_sl{d_o{y§ ; d_d_~tCo³l{q:l{s wd_sw {−α, −α + 1,r. . . , 0, .d. . , α − 1, α} rutCk¨zMdvwd3 £¤pS~=~tSlA 2k kpSstCslnpSkYmd_Md_kl{kmq pSksad8:tCo{vd3w¢pC£ k tCk α §H¡pS~%l{kwstCkr3d:<² 41l{sa¼t
(123) ~tSlÒ ~d_m~d3wd_kstCslnpSk³²sad8cl{kml{c©tCo{o{y ~d3vmktCks
(124) l{q:l{sgwd_s-lnw {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2} ° α = 2´=tCk sadc©t^Al{c©tCo{o{y¨~d3vmktCkQsl{q:l{s wd_s8lnw ° ´]§
(125) `%ad©l{q:l{swd_s=vwd3£¤pS~=sad|vpSslnd_kQslnwtCkl{c MpS~stCkQ{−3, semd3w−2, l{q:k¶−1, md3r_0,lnwln1,pSk³2,§ 3}¸Ll{q:a α S=tCo{3vd3wpC£ α ondutSspwl{cmond_~|vpSslnd_kQs©l{q:l{sewd_ond3r_slnpSk °¤wc©tCo{ond_~L:tCo{vd3w=pC£ tSw(sadtSm~d3w7w 41lnsapC£Ësad 8wd_o$stCzmond»´zmvms=tConwpKspKcepS~d r3pScmond]Km~pvr_s qnr +×ndd§ Ðk©samlnkw 4ËpS~«M
(126) ² 4Ëd8pSkmo{yevwd(lnws~l{zmvmsd30L É °\ztSwd30pSk©sad º PL`>w%l{kwlnmd(sadÀ¢º³j+1 Q Á%wV´H£pS~Ësad8l{cmond_ced_kstCslnpSk pC£xsad=wd_ond3r_slnpSkstCzmond3wu§ ¡mvm~sad_~cepS~d:² sad
(127) wMd3r_l·rg( É zmonpr«Aw°¤rutCo{ond3 Á%L É l{k 8l{~sd] md_Alnr3d3wV´1rutCk zdgvwd3½£pS~sad 8wd_o stCzmond3w»§ PLwvtCo{o{y²=tCkpSsad_~¼l{cMpS~stCkQs½tC~tCced_sd_~¼lnwsad¨~d3wlnvtCo ~d_m~d3wd_kQstCslnpSk³§ ¡pS~ wj =º ; l{cmond_ced_kstCslnpSk³²tg~d3vmktCkQs(kQvmcgzMd_~(wywsd_c wvra¼tSw1rutC~~y wt3d8lnw%vwd3K£pS~ w sp¨tSr3r3d_ond_~tCsdsad q × d − rw wvmzms~tSr_slnpSk³§ ¡pS~¥8l{o{l{k ¡}Ëi=8wl{cmond_ced_kQstCslnpSk³j² tKkpSkÒ~d3vmktCks
(128) kvmj+1 cgzMd_~gwywsd_cÊj wvraYtSw-sadRs 4Ë0p Uíw
(129) r3pScmond_ced_kQsglnw-w<v >©r_lnd_kQs-£pS~=sad ~d3wlnvtCo³zd3rutCvwd-pC£$sad=£ÒtSws rutC~~y0onpSq:lnrgt3:tCl{o¬tCzmondl{k½8l{~sd]A ®md_Alnr3d3wu§ ksamln`w 4ËpS~« 4Ëd1r3pSctC~dtLwstCktC~~tSlÐf8l{AlnwlnpSk¼°\kpSslnr3d3 Ðws~f ê´$tCkwd_d_~tCo ; `/l{Alnmd_~w1ztSwd3½pSk É PLºA`-uª^Ouªzmonpr«Aw
(130) °\kpSslnr3d3 ~ 8 ê´]§H8tSlK ²ªtCk Datud zMd3d_k l{kd3wsl{qQtCsd3 41l{sa wd_d_~tCo|QvpSslnd_ksLl{q:l{s=wd_swu§%¡pS~8dutSra¨wpSo{vmslnpSk³²> D²fC ² 2 fKtCk Q^Òzml{sLpSd_~tCkmwLpSd_~tCspS~w(at3dzMd3d_k½qd_kd_~tCsd3O§¢`%adl¯Md_~d_ksLwpSo{vmslnpSkw(l{kQd3wsl{qQtCsd3 l{k½samlnw 4ËpS~«¼tC~d-wvmcc©tC~Al @ud3 l{k¼`>tCzmond©:§ ~tSlA Dl{sd_~tCslnpSktC~raml{sd3r_svm~d
(131) atSwLzd3d_k¼qd_kd_~tCsd3 zmvms(l{s(ondutSmw(sp©teaQvmqdtC~dut °\sad|vpSslnd_kQsl{q:l{swd_ond3r_slnpSk stCzmondlnw=sad_kt¨_ SÒzml{s
(132) tSm~d3ww-stCzmond»´]§Ðs-~d3|Qvml{~d3wcepS~d i/i. ;. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(133) uf. %$ <!7, 0!
(134) :$ % <
(135) /ng%$ . wpSo{vmslnpSk¼ktCced ~tSl É 8P º`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«w α. nr , n d. ws¼~f f kp kt. ~ S8Sf f yd3w ² 2. ~ S8 2. yd3w D² 2. 2. ~ª"8%D ª. ~ª"8 D ª. yd3w VA² . yd3w D² . D. D. ~u D"8Auf D uf yd3w VA² V. `>tCzmondK ; mv cc©tC~y½pC£$sad-qd_kd_~tCsd3tCk½sd3wsd3½l{AlnwlnpSk pSMd_~tCspS~wu§ w o{lnr3d3wgpC£¢sad¥LÀ%fCXD::^ DY°\cepS~desatCk SV ¾pC£%sadewo{lnr3der3pSvmksV´]§ ; mp ² ¢4 deo{l{cl{sd3 pSvm~wsvy0sp~tSlnr3d3wLwc©tCo{ond_~(pS~d3|vtCo³speª§ 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12. 3 2 1. 300 250 200 150 100 50 16. std r2 r4/2. 24 32 operand size r4/3 r8/5. 40. r8/6 #MULT. division time [ns]. MULT18x18 block number. area [slice number]. 350. 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 16. std r2 r4/2. 24 32 operand size r4/3 r8/5. iteration delay [ns]. 2 700. 40. r8/6. ¡$l{q:vm~d½ª ©Ðcmond_ced_kQstCslnpSk ~d3wvmo{swpSk Ll{~sd]A pC£(sad0qd_kd_~tCsd3 l{AlnwlnpSk pSd_~tCspS~w °tC~dutepSk½ond]£\s(wlnmd:²mwd3d3½pSk ~l{q:aQs(wlnmd»´]§ >¡ l{q:vm~dª
(136) m~d3wd_ksw1sad=l{cmond_ced_kQstCslnpSk~d3wvmo{sw1pC£$sad-r3pS~~d3wpSkl{kmqqd_kd_~tCsd3 pS d_~tCspS~w»§>`%adËond]£\s>tC~s>pC£¡$l{q:vm~d%ª1m~d3wd_ksw>sad%tC~dut1~d3wvmo{swu§>¹=d_Md_kl{kmq8pSk
(137) sadËwpSo{vmslnpSk ° Ðws½~f =pS~ ~ 8 ê´etCk½sadgpSd_~tCkmw 41lnsa³²sad-spSstCotC~dutvwd3½l{k¼sadgmd_lnr3d-lnwsad wvmc5pC£sad®wo{lnr3d®kQvmc
(138) zd_~ tCksad®kQvmcgzMd_~ pC£ É P8º`-uª^Ouª(zmonpr«Awx~d_pS~sd3pSkgsadH·q:vm~d:§ ¡pS~®l{kwstCkr3d:²t=~tSlAЪgtCk DgwpSo{vmslnpSk©ondutSmw®spe* VSfgwo{lnr3d3wËtCk É PLºA`-uª^Muªzmonpr« £pS~g D^Òzml{s8pSd_~tCkmw8tCk¼sp©f:αC 0wo{lnr3d3wLtCkf É P8ºA`-uª^Muªezmonpr«Aw£¤pS~ 2 f^Òzml{s8pSd_~tCkmw»§ `%adwstCktC~ ~tSlÐfKwpSo{vmslnpSk¨mpd3wLkpSs8vwd
(139) tCky É P8ºA`-uª^Muª©zmonpr«§ ; d3d3¨tSramlnd_d] ced_kswHtC~d¢m~d3wd_kQsd3pSksad¢~l{q:aQs tC~s pC£"¡$l{q:vm~d1ª§>`%ad_~dtC~d¢Rs 4Ëp-r_vm~d3wwd_swu§$`%adË·d ðeixð.
(140)
(141)
(142) !" #%$&%$'()*+,#%$.-/0, 1#%. 2. onp*4Ëd_~-pSkd3wL~d_m~d3wd_kQs=sadspSstCol{AlnwlnpSk sl{ced 41aml{ondgsadg·d
(143) vmmd_~8pSkd3wL~d_m~d3wd_kQs=pSkd l{sd_~tCslnpSkmd_o¬t3y§Ë(o{o³md_o¬tuyAw(at3dgto{l{kdutC~(q:~p541sa 41l{sa sadpSd_~tCk wlA@ud n § ; l{q:kml·rutCkQs wd3d3l{cm~p»d_ced_kQswtC~d8tSramlnd_d30vwl{kmq É PLºA`-uª^OuªzmonpAr«wH£pS~Hsad q × d m~pvr_su§ Ðkmd3d3O²:£pS~H Q^Òzml{s®pSMd_~tCkmwËt-~tSlЪ-wpSo{vmslnpSk©ztSwd3epSk 2 É P8º`-uª^Ouj+1 ª-zmonpAr«wHlnwHcepS~d satCk Q¾ £tSwsd_~1satCk¼sad-wstCktC~½~tSlAÐfwpSo{vmslnpSk³§ . &'#> &'. Ðk½samlnw1tCMd_~u²ml{cm~pud3tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d3w-tCk½l{cmond_ced_kstCslnpSkw8pC£l{kQsd_qd_~Lcgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk tCkl{AlnwlnpSkYpSMd_~tCspS~w=£pS~-Ll{~sd]A L¡$}¢i=Lw=atudezMd3d_km~d3wd_kQsd3O§©`%ap:wdpSd_~tCspS~w tC~dztSwd3pSkYtr3pScgzml{ktCslnpSk pC£%wc©tCo{o atC~< 41l{~d3 uª^Ouª0cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wtCkYÀ¢º³Á%wu§¹=d3A lnrutCsd3¶8¸8¹=º/qd_kd_~tCspS~weatud¼zMd3d_k¶md_d_onpSd3 sp¨m~puAlnmd t 41lnmd½tC~tCced_sd_~©wtSr3d d]monpS~tCslnpSk³§-®tC~lnpSvw=s~tSmd] pC¯Ow8zd_Rs 4Ëd3d_kYwMd3d3¨tCk¨tC~dut©at3dzMd3d_k¨d]AmonpS~d3O§<wl{qS kml·rutCksgwMd3d3l{cm~pud_ced_kQslnw=Mp:wwl{zmondvwl{kmq É PLºA`-uª^Muª0zmonpAr«wu§ÀËvmkmkml{kmq:o{y vwl{kmq te£d 4 É P8º`-uª^OuªKzmonpr«Aw=r3pScgzml{kd3 sp0t©£d 4 tSml{slnpSktCo onpSq:lnrondutSmw=spKd_~y ,d >©r_lnd_kQs pSMd_~tCspS~wu§ ¡pS~ vmkwl{q:kd35cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk³²t r3pScmvmstCslnpSk6md3r3pScMp:wl{slnpSk5ztSwd3 pSk±t wl{kmq:ond É P8º`-uª^Ouª
(144) tCkKwpScedLtSml{slnpSktCoonpSq:lnr(rutCk0ondutSesp£tSwsd_~®md3wl{q:kwËsatCk 41l{saK gzmonpAr«wu§ ¡pS~ËpSMd_~tCkmw®wAl @udwo{l{q:aQso{yo¬tC~qd_~®satCk* VA²Qsad(wl{kmq:ond É PLºA`-uª^Ouª-zmonpAr«ewpSo{vmslnpSkeondutSmw sp0wc©tCo{ond_~-tCk¼£ÒtSwsd_~8cgvmo{sl{mo{lnd_~wu§=6~tSlAЪ ; $`±l{AlnwlnpSk¨tC~raml{sd3r_svm~d 41l{sa tm~pAA vr_s¢qd_kd_~tCspS~%ztSwd30pSk É PLºA`-uª^Muª
(145) zmonpAr«w¢ondutSmw®sptvmKspg Q¾<wMd3d3©l{cm~p»d_ced_kQs r3pSctC~d3 spetwstCktC~¼~tSlAÐfwpSo{vmslnpSk³§ ¡mvm~sad_~~d3wdutC~ra¼lnw1kd3d3md3spd]monpS~dpSsad_~1tC~tCced_sd_~wu§®`%ad=m~d3wd_kQsd3¼wpSo{vmslnpSkw tCk spApSonw 41l{o{o1zMd0d]sd_kmd3 spwl{q:kd3 l{ksd_qd_~wu§ `%adm~d3wd_kQsd3¶cgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSk wpSo{v slnpSkrutCk zMdgmd_~l{d3 sp©r_onp:wd
(146) pSd_~tCspS~w8wvratSwLcgvmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSkYtCk tSr3r_vmc
(147) vmo¬tCslnpSk tCk w|QvtC~dKpSd_~tCspS~w 41aml{ond ; ` l{lnwlnpSkrutCkYzMd©d]sd_kmd3 spw|vtC~d]Ò~ppSsu§½¡pS~l{lnwlnpSk pSMd_~tCspS~w$StC~lnpSvw$r3pAl{kmq8pC£sad¢wl{q:kd3|QvpSslnd_ksl{q:l{swtC~dËp:wwl{zmondL°\Os 4¢0p Uíw r3pScmond_ced_kQsu² wl{q:kÒc©tCq:kml{svmd:²$pSkd]ÒapSsr3pAl{kmqwu§3§3§´]§ ; pSceder3pl{kmqw 41l{o{oH~d3vr3d©sad©wd_ond3r_slnpSk stCzmond wAl @u d 41aml{ondesad_y~d3|vml{~dcepS~d©r3pScmond] q × d m~pAvr_sgqd_kd_~tCslnpSk³§¼¡$onptCsl{kmqSÒMpSl{kQs pSMd_~tCspS~Cw 41l{o{oxtConwpzdtCkpSsad_~£\vmsvm~d-~d3wj+1 dutC~ra l{~d3r_slnpSk³§ # -'&. N[( 'L ". `%adtCvmsapS~w 4¢pSvmon o{l{«dgspesatCkm«sad É l{kmlnwsb_~d¡m~tCkutClnw8mdo¬teLd3rad_~rad 0°\q:~tCkQs. uC Qª¼À¢¹= Ð(À¢ d_vmkd3wrad_~rad_vm~w ê´]²$sad СpSkmw 6=tCslnpSktCo ; vmlnwwdmdo¬tLd3rad_~rad ; r_lnd_ksl·|Qvd ²tCk½sad-¥8l{o{l{k PLkml{d_~wl{sÐy}H~pSq:~tCc £pS~1sad_l{~(wvmmMpS~su§ i/i. ñkj,l,lmnl.
(148) _ . %$ <!7, 0!
(149) :$ % <
(150) /ng%$ . 23M '
(151) #$ B{F É §í¹§CM ~r3d_qp»StSr tCk `-§(ºxtCkmq§ '()*+,#%$ %$ 0%,C#5# :"#%, TN '( % C!
(152) ,$! :"#%, TN %$ : , ,$ 1 #%$0 §X=o{vT4Ëd_~81rutSmd_clnr:²xu:C § BÝfGF¹§³i=pSonzMd_~q§ ; atCsd_d_~yr3pScmvmsd_~gwr_lnd_kQslnwsgwapSvmon¨«kp*4 tCzpSvms?BptCsl{kmq pSl{ks. Ct ~l{samced_slnr:§
(153) /
(154) #
(155) $ S,) ²f 2 °»´ DQ SVA²xu::§ B 2 F
(156) § XtC~tCswvmztLtCk§9(£\c©tCk³§ É vmo{sl{mo{lnrutCslnpSkpC£ É vmo{slnl{q:l{se6LvmcgzMd_~w>pSkLvmspSc©tCst§ #%)51 ' #*A" ² V1° V:´ D:D
(157) D:VD²QtCkQvtC~yuVD 2 § B F¹Q§ M§ X=kvmsa³§ 0 X, ?#
(158) #%: < O, g#!g% $ ²pSo{vmcedKf§01mlnwpSk d3wond_y² fCk½d3l{slnpSk³²xu:ª:§ B DGF ; §í¡¢§ 9LzMd_~c©tCk¼tCk É §í§m¡$o{yAkmk³§x¹8l{lnwlnpSk½tCo{qpS~l{samcewLtCkKl{cmond_ced_kstCslnpSkwu§ #"$"%" 0%$0"! #%$0 #%$&
(159) #%:
(160) On ²A Dm°ª´ ݪ 22 Aª DC ²"Lvmq:vwsu:" VA§ BEDGFÁ8§m}tC~atCclÒ§
(161) #
(162) O, ?, T ! § 9(A£¤pS~ P(kml{d_~wl{sÐy½} ~d3wwu²f:::§ BVF¹§ '"vm~tSw»§ É pS~d 9Lk ; |QvtC~l{kmq
(163) tCk É vmo{sl{mo{yAl{kmqgºxtC~qdÐkQsd_qd_~wu§ #"$"$" g%$ "! #%$0 #%$(
(164) #
(165) O, ² 2 °ª´ ݪ:: A::ª²Lvmq:vwsu:C §. ðeixð.
(166) Unit´e de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopˆole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, ` NANCY 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LES Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex. ´ Editeur INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France) http://www.inria.fr ISSN 0249-6399.
(167)
Documents relatifs
Dans chaque ville et pour toutes les lignes de tramway considérées, il faudrait disposer des trafics avant et après ouverture d’une ligne et de plusieurs projections d’évolution
Le fait d’écrire à partir d’une oeuvre d’art visuelle ressemble à une forme de contrainte; nous croyons par ailleurs que cette pratique a eu un effet durable sur l’écriture
variables d'ordre psychologique: soit f.amiliale ou personnelle, soit so- ciale, soit professionnelle, soit une combinaison de ces facteurs. Ce patient a récupéré
For the two coolest objects in Figure 3.6, HD 4539 and PG 1716+426, both at Ta < 27, 000 K, there is a good match between the predicted synthetic spectra and the FUSE data: the
lui inculquer le registre li'lquistioue, les l1abitudes alimen- taires et vestimentaires ainsi que le comportement des bour- geois de Québec. Pierrette Paul doit
La conciliation emploi-famille : des mesures à développer dans les milieux de travail Tableau 4 : Les dispositions favorisant la conciliation travailfamille dans les
Figure 2.4 Predicted (continuous lines) and observed values (filled circles: stands aged from trees with root collar; open circles: stands aged from trees without root collar)
Cette posture permet de dégager deux idées centrales : le poids des milieux professionnels locaux dans l’intermédiation et le transit des idées, modèles et pratiques