SIGDERS Air Intrusion Measurements on Mechanically Attached Roofing Systems

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SI GDERS Air I nt rusion M e a sure m e nt s on M e c ha nic a lly At t a c he d Roofing Syst e m s

I R C - R R - 2 9 6

B e a u l i e u , P . ; M o l l e t i , S . ; B a s k a r a n , B . A .

M a r c h 2 0 1 0

The material in this document is covered by the provisions of the Copyright Act, by Canadian laws, policies, regulations and international agreements. Such provisions serve to identify the information source and, in specific instances, to prohibit reproduction of materials without

written permission. For more information visit http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/C-42

Les renseignements dans ce document sont protégés par la Loi sur le droit d'auteur, par les lois, les politiques et les règlements du Canada et des accords internationaux. Ces dispositions permettent d'identifier la source de l'information et, dans certains cas, d'interdire la copie de

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Page 1 of 116

SIGDERS AIR INTRUSION

MEASUREMENTS ON MECHANICALLY

ATTACHED ROOFING SYSTEMS

P. Beaulieu ,S.Molleti and Bas Baskaran

Research Report No. (IRC-RR 296)

Date of issue: March 29th , 2010

This research report, while not intended for general distribution, may be cited or referenced in other publications

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Page 2 of 116

Executive Summary

At the National Research Council of Canada in November 1994, members of the North American roofing community {manufacturers, building owners, industry association and

research agencies} met and agreed that a means of evaluating the effect of dynamic

wind loads on roofing systems was necessary. Thus, a Special Interest Group on

Dynamic Evaluation of Roofing Systems (SIGDERS) was created. The mandate of

SIGDERS joint research program is to carry out generic, pre-competitive research of benefit to all its members. During the Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4 objectives were identified; tasks were developed and executed through approval process by the Steering Committee members. For each of the Phase, SIGDERS deliverables were presented to the members via formal technical meetings and fulfilled all established tasks. Based on the focused effort, recently, SIGDERS made two major contributions to the roofing community by publishing national dynamic wind uplift standard (CSA, 2004) and a guide for wind design of mechanically attached roof assemblies (Baskaran and Smith, 2005). In addition, SIGDEERS’ technology was transferred via more than 100 peer reviewed publications (www.sigders.ca). Currently, SIGDERS is in its Phase V operation.

Objective 2 for the Phase V is “Air Intrusion Quantification of Mechanically Attached Roofing Assemblies”. It has the following tasks:

T1: Demonstrate that wind uplift testing can address the issue of air leakage in roofing.

T2: Measure air intrusion of mechanically attached roofing systems without any barrier/ retarder.

T3: Measure air intrusion of mechanically attached roofing systems with barrier/ retarder.

T4: Measure air intrusion of roofing systems with multilayer insulation arrangements.

To measure the air intrusion in Mechanically Attached Roofing Systems (MARS), a new test laboratory Dynamic Roofing Facility – Air Intrusion (DRF-AI) Lab was developed at the National Research Council of Canada, and a new test protocol was conceptualized. This test protocol has been submitted as a work item to the American Society of Testing and Materials [D08.20.40] towards standard development [Work item WK23684 –

Standard Test Method for Quantification of Air Intrusion in Low Slopped Mechanically Attached Roofing Assemblies].

The DRF-AI test apparatus as shown in Figure 1 consists of two chambers designated as the top chamber and the bottom chamber. The top chamber is movable, while the bottom chamber is fixed to the ground. Both chambers have dimensions of 20 ft (L) X 8 ft (W) X 3 ft (H) [6 m x 2.4 m x 0.91 m]. In the bottom chamber, the roof specimen can be installed and its height can be adjustable using levers. This lever mechanism offer options of the testing roof specimens with different thickness. Test pressures (negative or suction pressures) are applied on the test specimen through a controllable blower connected to the top chamber. To measure the air intrusion into the roofing specimen, the bottom chamber is installed with an airflow measurement system. Three pressure

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Page 3 of 116 measuring devices, one on top of the membrane, other above the insulation and at the bottom chamber are installed as shown in Figure 2. To measure the membrane deformation, laser technology is used.

Roofing systems with three different membrane types-modified bituminous (MB), thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) were tested. Table 1 provides the system details. All systems had common system components and systems with air retarder used a self adhered film as the air retarder component. Layouts for the deck, air retarder, one layer insulation and two layer staggered insulation are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively.

Table 1 summarizes the calculated air intrusion performance of the ten tested systems in terms of the reporting air intrusion volume at 25 psf (1200 Pa) for 60 secs. The reported values in the Table 1 are the average of the two test runs. Figure 7 is the graphical representation of the measured data and categorized as:

 Task 2 (WithOut Retarder [WOR]),  Task 3 (With Retarder [WR]), and

 Task 4 (Two Layer Staggerd Insulation [TLSI].

Based on the test results, the following observations were made:

 For all WOR systems same components up to the insulation were used and the only variability was the membrane (width and type). MB system 3ft (1m) had an air intrusion volume of 0.08 ft3/ft2 (25 L/m2), 6ft (2m) TP system had an air intrusion volume of 0.177 ft3/ft2 (54 L/m2), and 10 ft (3.3 m) TP and TS systems measured an air intrusion volume of 0.303 ft3/ft2 (94 L/m2) and 0.366 ft3/ft2 (112 L/m2) respectively. This lead to the formation of a liner trend, i.e as membrane width increases air intrusion volume increases. However, it should be noted as the membrane width changes so as the membrane material type. To validate this linearity, further system investigations are needed by using a same family of TP or TS membrane and varying its sheet widths.

 For all three WR systems, a self adhesive air retarder was installed above the deck. Irrespective of the system, they had an average air intrusion volume of 13 L/m2 (0.043 ft3/ft2). Comparing the WR and WOR systems, it is clear that the presence of air retarder minimized air intrusion by 50% in the 3ft (1m) MB system, around 75 % in the 6ft (2m) TP system and around 85% in the 10 ft (3.3 m) TS system. The self adhered film installed on the deck as an air retarder created the first line of defence against the air intrusion through the deck joints. As the retarder had certain air permeance, and also as its layout comprised of seams and fastener penetrations, it could not completely prevent air intrusion but it significantly minimized the volume of air intruding into the WR systems. This indicates that irrespective of the membrane type and width, the presence of air retarder at deck level, if constructed properly minimizes air intrusion into the assembly.

 Data from the TLSI systems showed an interesting observation. The air intrusion volume was similar with their respective one layer insulation layout system’s (WOR) i.e. increase in the sheet width increases the volume of air intruding into the roof system. At present there is an assumption that staggered insulation

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Page 4 of 116 layout could minimize air intrusion which leads to design practice of eliminating the air retarder component in systems with staggered insulation layout. The measured data fails to support the above assumption and design practice. Comparison of measured air intrusion data of TLSI and WR systems, it can be concluded that contribution of the staggered insulation layout are not same as installing an air retarder above the deck. Component joints are formed at two planes, one at the deck level and other at the insulation level. The staggered insulation layout does not defend the air intrusion through the deck joints and only can dampen the air intrusion through the insulation joints. Failure to control the air intrusion at the deck level (as the air retarder does) allows the air into the system. Providing design options such as staggered insulation layouts can only dampens the flow and redirect the flow path rather than controlling it. Thus why the air intrusion volume was similar with their respective one layer insulation layout. One can analogue this observation with the vapour barrier location in an assembly. If it is not in the warm side of an envelope, having one is similar to having none.

This report also archives the results obtained from the above four tasks as follows:  For the Task1, Appendix 1 documents technology transfer activities to

demonstrate that wind uplift testing can address the issue of air leakage in roofing.

 Appendices 2, 3 and 4 archive all the measured system response data respectively for the Tasks 2, 3 and 4. The measured data includes membrane pressure, insulation pressure, bottom chamber pressure, membrane deflection, flow rate and the calculated air intrusion volume.

For each system, two test runs or data sets were collected as per the ASTM WK23684, and included in the report with the heading “System # – Data Set #”. For each system, an isometric view of the components used, system layout and a table detailing the components’ nominal physical and mechanical properties are also provided.

Acknowledgement

The presented research is being carried out for a consortium - Special Interest Group for Dynamic Evaluation of Roofing Systems (SIGDERS). SIGDERS was formed from a group of partners who were interested in roofing design. These partners included: Atlas Roofing Corporation, Canadian General-Tower Ltd., Canadian Roofing Contractors’ Association, Carlisle SynTec Incorporated, Dow Roofing Systems, Duro-Last ® Roofing, Inc., Firestone Building Products Company, GAF-Elk Materials Corporation, IKO Industries Ltd., Johns Manville Inc., National Roofing Contractors Association, OMG Roofing Products, Public Works and Government Services Canada, RCI, Inc., Sika Sarnafil, Soprema Canada Inc., Tremco Inc., and Trufast Corporation

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References

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) - D08.20.40, Work Item WK23684: Standard Test Method for Quantification of Air Intrusion in Low Sloped Mechanically Attached Roofing Assemblies, 2009.

Baskaran, A. and Smith, T.L (2005), “A Guide for the Wind Design of Mechanically Attached Flexible Membrane Roofs”, www.nrc.gc.ca/virtualstore.

CSA A123.21-04 (2004), “Standard Test Method for the Dynamic Wind Uplift Resistance of Mechanically Attached Membrane Roofing System”, www.csashop.ca

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TABLE 1: AIR INTRUSION DATA (IMPERIAL /SI UNITS)

Test No. (YYMM#) System Reporting Volume (ft³/ft²) @ 25 psf for 60 Sec Reporting Volume(L/m2) @ 1200 Pa for 60 Sec Task 2: Without Retarder (WOR)

090201 System 1 (ModBit) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 0.088 25.51 090403 System 2 (PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 0.177 54.31 090807 System 2 -Repeat 0.218 66.70 090908 System 3 (PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 0.303 93.70 090705 System 4 (EPDM) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 0.366 112.05

Task 3: With Retarder (WR) 090202 System 5 (ModBit) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 0.041 12.43 090504 System 6 (PVC) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 0.039 12.03 090706 System 7 (EPDM) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 0.053 16.23

Task 4: With Two Layers Staggered Insulation (TLSI) 091109 System 8 (ModBit) No Retarder 2 Layers 4’X4’X1” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 0.107 32.97 091110 System 9 (PVC) No Retarder 2 Layers 4’X4’X1” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 0.203 62.22 100111 System 10 (EPDM) No Retarder 2 Layers 4’X4’X1” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 0.331 101.40

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FIGURE 1: AIR INTRUSION TEST APPARATUS

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FIGURE 2: INSTRUMENTATION LAYOUT FOR ALL THE TESTED ASSEMBLIES

P1

P2

P3

P1 = Membrane pressure P2 = Insulation pressure P3 = Bottom chamber pressure D1 = Deflection sensor

LFE = Laminar flow element

Specimen Top Chamber

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COMMON SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

FIGURE 3: STRUCTURAL STEEL DECK LAYOUT

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FIGURE 5: INSULATION LAYOUT

FIGURE 6: MULTIPLE INSULATION LAYOUT

Bottom Layer ISO Layout

Top Layer ISO Layout

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Page 11 of 116 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Re p o rti n g Ai r In trusi o n , L/ m 2 a t 1 2 0 0 Pa Rep o rti n g Ai r In tr u si o n , ft 3/ft 2 a t 2 5 p sf Assembly Type Without retarder (WOR) With retarder (WR) Two Layer Stagg.ISO

FIGURE 7: REPORTING AIR INTRUSION VOLUME OF THE MECHANICALLY ATTACHED SYSTEMS (SYSTEMS 1 TO 10)

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APPENDIX 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Molleti, S., Baskaran, B.A., "A New test method for quantifying air leakage of a mechanically-attached roofing assembly," Proceedings of the RCI 22nd International Convention (Orlando, Florida, March 01, 2007), pp. 105-116, March 01, 2007 (NRCC-49438)

Molleti, S., Baskaran, B.A., Ko, K.P., Beaulieu, P., "Air intrusion vs. air leakage - the dilemma for low sloped mechanically attached membrane roofs," Proceedings of the Canadian Symposium on Roofing Technology (Toronto, March 31, 2009), pp. 1-9, April 01, 2009

Molleti, S., Baskaran, B.A., Ko, K.P., Beaulieu, P., "Air leakage vs. air intrusion in low-sloped roofing assemblies," 12th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology (Montréal, Quebec, May 06, 2009), pp. 567-578,

Baskaran, B.A., Molleti, S., "How much air is too much? The National Research Council of Canada studies roof system air intrusion," Professional Roofing Magazine, January, pp. 27-32, January 01, 2010

Baskaran, B.A., Molleti, S., "Air intrusion vs. air leakage - the dilemma for low sloped mechanically attached membrane roofs," The Journal of RCI Interface, pp. 4-10, November 01, 2009

Molleti, S., "Newsbrief - roofing researchers to develop new test protocol for quantifying air leakage through low-slope roof assemblies," Construction Innovation, 12, (1), March, pp. 4, March 01, 2007

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APPENDIX 2: MEASURE AIR INTRUSION OF MECHANICALLY

ATTACHED ROOFING SYSTEMS WITHOUT ANY BARRIER/

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FIGURE A2.1: SYSTEMS 1-MOD BIT: COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT

S = Membrane Seam J = Joist

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TABLE A2.1: NOMINAL PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPONENTS FOR SYSTEM 1

Deck

Type Profiled metal

Thickness* 22 Ga

Overall Depth 1.5” (38 mm)

Flute Spacing 5.9” (150 mm)

Joist Spacing 6’ (1828.8 mm)

Source Canam Steel

Insulation

Type Polyiso

Dimensions 4’ x 4’ (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 2” (51 mm)

Attachment Mechanically fastened, 5 fasteners per board

Compressive Strength as per ASTM D1621-1997 25 psi (170 kPa)

Source IKO

Air/Vapour Barrier/Retarders/Support Board

Type None

Membrane

Type Mod. Bit., Base Sheet and Cap Sheet

Width 39” (991 mm)

Thickness Base Sheet (2.2 mm), Cap Sheet (3.3 mm)

Attachment Base Sheet

Type Mechanical fasteners with Plates

Fastener 3” (76mm), # 14

Fastener Plate 2” (51 mm) dia. Metal Plate

Fastener Row Spacing 35” (889 mm)

Fastener Spacing 18” (152 mm)

Seam

Type Torching Base Sheet Seam

Seaming Width Overlap = 4” (102 mm)

Attachment Cap Sheet

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SYSTEM 1 (MOD-BIT-WOR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090201-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090201-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Page 18 of 116 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090201-DS1-P3 P3 @ 25 PSF P3 @ 20 PSF P3 @ 15 PSF P3 @ 10 PSF P3 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fl ow ( C FM )

Time (min) 090201-DS1-Flow

FLOW @ 25 PSF FLOW @ 20 PSF FLOW @ 15 PSF FLOW @ 10 PSF FLOW @ 5 PSF

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Page 19 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V ol um e ( ft ^3 )

Time (min) 0900201-DS1- Volume

VOLUME @ 25 PSF VOLUME @ 20 PSF VOLUME @ 15 PSF VOLUME @ 10 PSF VOLUME @ 5 PSF

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SYSTEM 1(MOD-BIT-WOR): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P ressu re (psf) Time (min) 090201-DS2-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090201-DS2-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 090201-DS2-Flow

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Time (min) 090201-DS2-Volume

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FIGURE A2.3: SYSTEM 2 -THERMOPLASTIC (PVC): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LAYOUT

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Thickness* 22 Ga Overall Depth 1 1/2" (38 mm) Flute Spacing 5.9” (150 mm) Joist Spacing 6’ (1828.8) Source CANAM Insulation Type Polyiso Dimensions 4' x 4' (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 2" (51 mm)

Source Sika Sarnafil

Air/Vapor Barrier/Retarders/Support Board

Type None Membrane Type PVC, Single-Ply Width 72" (1828 mm) Thickness 48 mil (1.21 mm) Attachment

Type Mechanical fasteners with plates

Fastener 3" (76mm), #15

Fastener Plates 2 3/8" (60 mm) round plate with barb

Fastener Row Spacing 66” (1676.4 mm)

Seam

Type Hot air welding (One side weld)

Seaming Width Overlap = 5 1/2" (139 mm)

Temperature: 480°C Speed: 2.1m/min

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SYSTEM 2(TP-WOR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090403-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090403-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 090403-DS1-Flow

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Page 29 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V ol um e ( ft ^3 )

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Time (min) 090403-DS2-Flow

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Page 32 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V ol um e ( ft ^3 )

VOLUME @ 25 PSF VOLUME @ 20 PSF VOLUME @ 15 PSF VOLUME @ 10 PSF VOLUME @ 5 PSF 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D e fl e c ti on (m m )

Time (min) 090403-DS2-Deflection

D1 @ 25 PSF D1 @ 20 PSF D1 @ 15 PSF D1 @ 10 PSF D1 @ 5 PSF

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SYSTEM 2(TP-WOR): REPEATABILITY – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

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Time (min) 090807-DS1-Flow

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FIGURE A2.5: SYSTEM 3- THERMOPLASTIC (PVC): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LAYOUT

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P ressu re (psf) Time (min) 090908-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090708-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 090708-DS1-FLOW

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Page 39 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V ol um e ( ft ^3 )

Time (min) 090708-DS1-VOLUME

VOLUME @ 25 PSF VOLUME @ 20 PSF VOLUME @ 15 PSF VOLUME @ 10 PSF VOLUME @ 5 PSF 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf )

Time (min) 090708-DS1-DEFLECTION

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P ressu re (psf) Time (min) 090908-DS2-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 090908-DS2-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 090908-DS2-FLOW

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Page 42 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V ol um e ( ft ^3 )

Time (min) 0909108-DS2-VOLUME

Time (min) 090908-DS2-DEFLECTION

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FIGURE A2.6: SYSTEM 4 - THERMOSET (EPDM): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT

240 in.

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Source FireStone

Type None

Membrane

Type EPDM, Single-Ply (FireStone)

Width 120”(3048 mm)

Thickness 45 mil (1.14 mm)

Attachment

Type Mechanical fasteners Batten Strip

Batten Strip ¾” Polymer Batten Strip

Seam

Type Taped (6”)

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SYSTEM 4(TS-WOR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

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Time (min) _{090705-DS1-Flow}

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Time (min) _{090705-DS1-Volume}

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SYSTEM 4(TS-WOR): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 090705-DS2-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 090705-DS2-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Page 51 of 116 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 090705-DS2-P3 P3 @ 25 PSF P3 @ 20 PSF P3 @ 15 PSF P3 @ 10 PSF P3 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fl ow ( C FM )

Time (min) _{090705-DS2-Flow}

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Page 52 of 116 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Vol ume (f t^ 3 )

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TABLE A2.4: SUMMARY OF THE MEASURE DATA

Test No. (YYMM#) System Total Volume (ft³) @ 25 psf Membrane Deflection (In) @ 25 psf Reporting Volume (ft³/ft²) @ 25 psf for 60 Sec Task 2: Without Retarder (WOR)

090201 System 1 (ModBit) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 15.11 N/A 0.088 090403 System 2 (PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 37.22 N/A 0.177 090807 System 2 -Repeat 37.26 6.78 0.218 090908 System 3 (PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 50.65 10.44 0.303 090705 System 4 (EPDM) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 59.54 11.04 0.366 Test No. (YYMM#) System Total Volume (L) @ 1200 Pa Membrane Deflection (mm) @ 1200 Pa Reporting Volume(L/m2) @ 1200 Pa for 60 Sec Task 2: Without Retarder (WOR)

090201 System 1 (ModBit) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 427.8 N/A 25.51 090403 System 2 ( PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 1053.9 N/A 54.31 090807 System 3 -Repeat 1055.1 172 66.70 090908 System 4 (PVC) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 1434.2 265 93.70 090705 System 5 ( EPDM) No Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 1685.9 280 112.05

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APPENDIX 3: MEASURE AIR INTRUSION OF MECHANICALLY

ATTACHED ROOFING SYSTEMS WITH ANY BARRIER/ RETARDER

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FIGURE A3.1: SYSTEMS 5-MOD BIT: COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT

Air Retarder

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Deck

Type Profiled metal

Thickness* 22 Ga

Source Canam Steel

Insulation

Type Polyiso

Dimensions 4’ x 4’ (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 2” (51 mm)

Source IKO

Type 3 mil SOPRAVAPOR

Membrane

Width 39” (991 mm)

Seam

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SYSTEM 5(MOD-BIT-WR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

(62)

Time (min) 090202-DS1-Flow

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SYSTEM 5(MOD-BIT-WR): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

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Time (min) 090202-DS2-Flow

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FIGURE A3.3: SYSTEM 6 -THERMOPLASTIC (PVC): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LAYOUT

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Type 3 mil Sopravapor

Membrane

Type PVC, Single-Ply

Width 72" (1828 mm)

Attachment

Seam

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SYSTEM 6(TP-WR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

(72)

Time (min) _{090504-DS1-Flow}

(73)

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SYSTEM 6(TP-WR): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

(75)

Time (min) _{090504-DS2-Flow}

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FIGURE A3.5: SYSTEM 7 - THERMOSET (EPDM): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Source FireStone

Type Sopravapor

Membrane

Type EPDM, Single-Ply (FireStone)

Width 120”(3048 mm)

Attachment

Type Mechanical fasteners Batten Strip

Batten Strip ¾” Polymer Batten Strip

Seam

Type Taped (6”)

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SYSTEM 7(TS-WR): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

(82)

Time (min) _{090706-DS1-Flow}

(83)

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SYSTEM 7 (TS-WR): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

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Time (min) 090706-DS2-Flow

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TABLE A3.4: SUMMARY OF THE MEASURE DATA

Test No. (YYMM#) System Total Volume (ft³) @ 25 psf Membrane Deflection (In) @ 25 psf Reporting Volume (ft³/ft²) @ 25 psf for 60 Sec Task 3: With Retarder (WR)

090202 System 5 (ModBit) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 13.63 N/A 0.041 090504 System 6 (PVC) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 7.51 5.26 0.039 090706 System 7 (EPDM) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 13.13 3.10 0.053 Test No. (YYMM#) System Total Volume (L) @ 1200 Pa Membrane Deflection (mm) @ 1200 Pa Reporting Volume(L/m2) @ 1200 Pa for 60 Sec Task 3: With Retarder (WR)

090202 System 6 ( ModBit) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 35” Fs= 18” 385.9 N/A 12.43 090504 System 7 ( PVC) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 66” Fs= 12” 212.6 133 12.03 090706 System 8 ( EPDM) Sopravap’r Retarder 1 Layer 4’X4’X2” ISO Fr = 114” Fs= 12” 371.8 78 16.23

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APPENDIX 4: MEASURE AIR INTRUSION OF ROOFING

SYSTEMS WITH MULTILAYER INSULATION ARRANGEMENTS.

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FIGURE A4.1: SYSTEM 8: MOD-BIT – COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT

(Two layer staggered arrangement)

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Deck

Type Profiled metal

Thickness* 22 Ga

Source Canam Steel

Insulation

Type Polyiso

Dimensions 4’ x 4’ (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 1” (25.4 mm)

2’ x 4’ (609.5mm x 1219mm) x 1” (25.4mm)

Attachment Mechanically fastened, 5 fasteners per board (4’ x 4’)

Mechanically fastened, 3 fasteners per board (2’ x 4’)

Source IKO

Type None

Membrane

Width 39” (991 mm)

Seam

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SYSTEM 8 (MOD-BIT-STAGG. ISO): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 091109-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P re s s ure ( psf ) Time (min) 091109-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 091109-DS1-Flow

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SYSTEM 8 (MOD-BIT-STAGG. ISO): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

(97)

Time (min) _{091109-DS2-Flow}

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FIGURE A4.3: SYSTEM 9-THERMOPLASTIC (PVC): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LAYOUT

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Thickness* 22 Ga Overall Depth 1 1/2" (38 mm) Flute Spacing 5.9” (150 mm) Joist Spacing 6’ (1828.8) Source CANAM Insulation Type Polyiso Dimensions 4’ x 4’ (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 1” (25.4 mm) 2’ x 4’ (609.5mm x 1219mm) x 1” (25.4mm)

Type No air retarder

Membrane

Type PVC, Single-Ply

Width 72" (1828 mm)

Attachment

Seam

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SYSTEM 9 (TP-STAGG. ISO): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 091110-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 091110-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 091110-DS1-Flow

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SYSTEM 9 (TP-STAGG. ISO): DATA SET 2 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 091110-DS2-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 091110-DS2-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 091110-DS2-Flow

(108)

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FIGURE A4.5: SYSTEM 10-THERMOSET (EPDM): COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LAYOUT

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Deck

Type Profiled Metal

Thickness* 22 Ga Overall Depth 1 1/2" (38 mm) Flute Spacing 5.9” (150 mm) Joist Spacing 6’ (1828.8) Source CANAM Insulation Type Polyiso Dimensions 4’ x 4’ (1219 mm x 1219 mm) x 1” (25.4 mm) 2’ x 4’ (609.5mm x 1219mm) x 1” (25.4mm)

Source Atlas

Type No air retarder

Membrane

Type EPDM, Single-Ply

Width 120" (1828 mm)

Attachment

Type Mechanical fasteners with batten stripes

Fastener Plates ¾” Polymer batten stripe

Seam

Type Taped (6”)

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SYSTEM 10 (TS-STAGG.ISO): DATA SET 1 – MEASURED TIME HISTORIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 100111-DS1-P1 P1 @ 25 PSF P1 @ 20 PSF P1 @ 15 PSF P1 @ 10 PSF P1 @ 5 PSF 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pre s s ure ( ps f) Time (min) 100111-DS1-P2 P2 @ 25 PSF P2 @ 20 PSF P2 @ 15 PSF P2 @ 10 PSF P2 @ 5 PSF

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Time (min) 100111-DS1-Flow