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Contemporary issues concerning colour and well-being
Cont e m pora ry issue s c onc e rning c olour a nd w e ll-be ing
N R C C - 5 4 5 1 5
V e i t c h , J . A .
J u n e 2 0 1 1
A version of this document is published in / Une version de ce document se trouve dans:
Canadian Colour Research Association Inaugural Meeting, Toronto, ON, June 1,
2011, pp. 1-28,
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/irc
The material in this document is covered by the provisions of the Copyright Act, by Canadian laws, policies, regulations and international agreements. Such provisions serve to identify the information source and, in specific instances, to prohibit reproduction of materials without written permission. For more information visit http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/C-42
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Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Contemporary Issues Concerning Colour and Well-being
J if A V it h Ph D
Jennifer A. Veitch, Ph.D.
NRC Institute for Research in Construction
The notion that surface colours have universal, simple, direct effect on mood and
performance has attracted research attention for decades. Despite many attempts, there are no robust, generalizable findings that should lead designers to choose specific colours in the hope of manipulating occupants’ behaviour. (Pink prison walls do not cause lower levels of inmate aggression.) This does not mean that colour is irrelevant – rather, the relationship between light source colour and surface reflectance on the one hand and human perception and behaviour on the other is complex. The advent of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has brought issues of colour appearance and colour rendering to the forefront as the industry strives to learn how to use this new technology and the novel opportunities for spectral control it presents. This presentation will provide a brief history of colour-behaviour research and an introduction to current issues such as the measurement of colour rendering, tunable colour, and colour preferences.
Biography:
Dr. Veitch is a Senior Research Officer in the National Research Council of Canada Institute for Research in Construction, where she leads research into lighting effects on health and behaviour. Among her leadership roles in professional organizations, she is Secretary of CIE Division 3 (Interior Environment and Lighting Design), and she chaired the International Commission on Illumination's TC 6-11 'Systemic Effects of Optical Radiation on Humans' to
1
y p
the first consensus report on the effects of ocular light on human physiology and behaviour, published in 2004. She is a Fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association, the American Psychological Association, and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Boyce, P. R. (2003). Human factors in lighting (2nd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
http://www1.eere.energy.gov
Colour booth photo from:
http://new-learn.info/learn/packages/clear/visual/people/comfort/colour_rendering.html
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
http://freshome.com/2007/04/17/room-color-and-how-it-affects-your-mood
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
http://freshome.com/2007/04/17/room-color-and-how-it-affects-your-mood
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
There is no consistent evidence that viewing a specific colour (either as an object or as a
li ht ) ifi h i l i l d it tt t
light source) causes specific physiological responses, despite many attempts.
However, the system that regulates circadian rhythms is differentially sensitive to
wavelength when the source is monochromatic, being most sensitive in the range 464-484 nm. The system sensitivity depends on other variables, but these findings have led to lots of excitement about possibly using light to influence well-being, chiefly (it's thought) by
increasing the proportion of short-wavelength radiation to which people are exposed by day.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Valdez, P., & Mehrabian, A. (1994). Effects of color on emotions. Journal of Experimental
P h l G l 123 394 409
Psychology: General, 123, 394-409.
Note the absence of hue-arousal relationships, not what the people who hang their hats on the ipRGC results would want to hear!
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Beach, L. R., Wise, B. K., & Wise, J. A. (1988). The human factors of color in environmental
d i A iti l i (NAS 1 26 177498 NASA CR 177498 NTIS A i N N89
design: A critical review (NAS 1.26:177498; NASA-CR-177498; NTIS Accession No.
N89-15532/9). Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Department of Psychology.
Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2007). Color and psychological functioning. Current Directions in
Psychological Science, 16(5), 250-254.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Kwallek, N., Lewis, C. M., Lin-Hsiao, J. W. D., & Woodson, H. (1996). Effects of nine
h ti ffi i t i l l i l t k d k d C l R h d
monochromatic office interior colors on clerical tasks and worker mood. Color Research and
Application, 21(6), 448-458.
Kwallek, N., Soon, K., & Lewis, C. M. (2007). Work week productivity, visual complexity, and individual environmental sensitivity in three offices of different color interiors. Color Research
& Application, 32(2), 130-143.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Hoonhout, H. C. M., Knoop, M., & Vanpol, R. (2009). Colored lighting in offices the new
ff i ? L ki i t f ff t f l d li hti I P di f th H
caffeine? Looking into performance effects of colored lighting. In Proceedings of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting (pp. 502-506). Santa Monica, CA:
HFES.
Innovations in lighting technology have made it simple to realize a wide range of lighting colors, and effortlessly change settings when desired. According to popular belief, color and lighting influence mood, well-being and performance. However, research is inconclusive regarding such claims; often variables such as brightness are not well controlled or only regarding such claims; often variables such as brightness are not well controlled, or only subjective and no performance measures are reported. This study aims to address some of these issues. In an office setting, one wall was illuminated with blue or red light with
comparable saturation and brightness. These colors were chosen because of inconclusive views on their effect, and their potential relevance for office-tasks. White light was offered in the immediate task-area, to meet illuminance and color rendering requirements. 76
participants were randomly assigned to one condition, and asked to perform several tasks. Mixed effects were found of condition on task performance.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Küller, R., Mikellides, B., & Janssens, J. (2009). Color, arousal, and performance - A
i f th i t C l R h & A li ti 34(2) 141 152
comparison of three experiments. Color Research & Application, 34(2), 141-152.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Mills, P. R., Tomkins, S. C., & Schlangen, L. J. M. (2007). The effect of high correlated
l t t ffi li hti l llb i d k f J l f
colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. Journal of
Circadian Rhythms, 5, :2.
Viola, A. U., James, L. M., Schlangen, L. J. M., & Dijk, D. J. (2008). Blue-enriched white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and sleep quality.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 34(4), 297-306.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Davis, W., & Ohno, Y. (2009). Approaches to color rendering measurement. Journal of
M d O ti 56(13) 1412 1419
Modern Optics, 56(13), 1412 - 1419.
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
We lit the model with 5 LED channels: RGB, WW, CW, and one fluorescent condition
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
Colour and Well-Being / Veitch
June 1, 2011
This experiment is in collaboration with the UBC Structured Surface Physics Laboratory
(P f L Whit h d)
(Prof. L. Whitehead).
