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Finding an Ordinary Conic and an Ordinary Hyperplane

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(1)Finding an Ordinary Conic and an Ordinary Hyperplane Olivier Devillers, Asish Mukhopadhyay. To cite this version: Olivier Devillers, Asish Mukhopadhyay. Finding an Ordinary Conic and an Ordinary Hyperplane. RR-3517, INRIA. 1998. �inria-00073167�. HAL Id: inria-00073167 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073167 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Finding an ordinary conic and an ordinary hyperplane Olivier Devillers — Asish Mukhopadhyay. N° 3517 Octobre 1998 THÈME 2. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.

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(53) Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis 2004, route des Lucioles - B.P. 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - B.P. 101 - 54602 Villers lès Nancy Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot St Martin (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - B.P. 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France). Éditeur INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, B.P. 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France).   

(54).   . ISSN 0249-6399.

(55)

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