Les classements des archives de Cluny

HAL Id: halshs-00339789

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00339789

Preprint submitted on 18 Nov 2008

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Les classements des archives de Cluny

Sébastien Barret

To cite this version:

Sébastien Barret. Les classements des archives de Cluny. 2008. �halshs-00339789�

6AB CDE>

6AFGHI>"JCLK)1MC39<N>N>=:-&9<N>N>O PK"I>QR>QI<RST&QI: >"

U<VWX>YZ[@\ ]<^L_<Ya`b_dcde Z]<f>fg

h Z@i%YjQW@i,i Zk ZX@` i%[>Zi%We Yl>monAZ:i%[>Zp)jq\X:r.sbtuV@iv\Ak Vw

U<Vxc<W:i`mZXyuWe0e Zx`

svz&X<iv`0mq`\:`{[>ZJe|ZYl>Ze Yl>ZZx`{[}~l>mbi`0_m€e Z[>Z@i`0Zx‚ƒ`0Z@i&w

„5Yx`\AZj~jQZ…k ZX@`0†%j~Wˆ‡jo\<‡<We`[>ZiLi _:\<e YZ@i‰s&[:mo‡<j~_k Wx`0m~Šd\AZi †‹kDWmi‡AW@iLiSZx\AjQZkˆZX`w5Y_>X>YZe&X<WX@`upJjq\AX>r

i _>X@`ŒY_>Xi ZevnAVZ@iŽjQWyumocjQm~_d`ld‘Š@\AZ’X>Wx`0m~_>X>WjQZ’[>Z“”e WXdYZ†i WX<iDY_kŒ‡:`0Ze\<X•Y"Zev`0Wm~X•X>_<kŽcde Z’[>Z

[>_<Yx\<kDZX@` i–Wx\‚—We Yl>m˜nAZi™[>V‡<Wev`0ZkDZX@`0Wj~Zi™[>ZˆU<WšX<Z"›&Zx`0›

h

_moe|Z†ŽjQWLc<m˜cAjm˜_d`ld‘Š@\AZL[@\œkL\i V"Z.[}Wev`

Zx`ž[}QWe YldV_j~_>Ÿ<m~ZL_:\—Wx\>‚—We Yl>monAZ:i)kL\X>mQYm~‡<WjZ:i–[>Z.p)jq\AX:r <p)Z8i|_X`j˜Z@ie Z:i`0Z@i‹`e ‘i)[>mBkDm~X:\¡V@i)[}˜\AX

¢ _Xd[iŠ@\Am£W Vx`0VDY_X<i mQ[>Ve Wc<jQZ¤”[>W…X<ii|_X—Vx`0Wx`–WYR`\AZjQ†j~Z ¢ _<X>[i™Zdi`)ZX>Y_>e Zˆiv\<‡<Ze&cZˆZx`že ZŸ<_:e&Ÿ<ZD[>Z

‡<W@iSi m~_X>X>WX`0Z@i¥i\<e&‡>e mi Z@i|†•Z…X¦kˆ§k Z¨`0ZkL‡i©Š@\{}m~jMj~Wmi,i Zªc<mQZX«n<_m€e3Y_>kLc<mZX¬mQj­W®[@¯°§,`e Z

‡>e _ ¢ _Xd[>VkˆZX``e WXi ¢ _>e#kŽV: :±\AZj<Z:iv`{[:_>X>Yj~Z‡<_>mBX`{[>Z[>V‡<Wev`”[>Zj}Vxn<_<jq\>`&m˜_X ²

h }QWc>cAWr<Z

¢

_Xd[>VZ5Z…X ³ fˆ‡<WežjZ5[@\AY5´u\AmjQjW,\k ZjQZ‰µ”mQZx\<‚¶Y"_Xi|Ze&n<Z5[>Zdi%‡<We|Y…ldZkˆm~Xižs&[>_X`%Zj~jZ

W†<[@\ e Z@i`0Z†<Zj~jZ"›|k §k Z‡>e _<[@\<mq`\<Xc<_>XDX>_kLc>e|Zw †<YZŠ@\m<Ziv`{Wx``0Zib`0V‡<We£j~Zi mkD‡<jZ

¢

W…m·`£Š@\AZY"Zev`0Wm~Xi

[}QZ…X`e ZˆZ,\>‚’Xd_d\i5i _>X@`)‡<Wevn<ZX\iZX—_e0moŸm~X<Wj%_:\¸ZX—Y_‡>m˜Z: p)ZYmiv\ ¢v¢ m·`™ˆVX>_>X>Y"ZeŠ@\AZD¹DpJjo\AX:rœW

i WX<iDWx\¡Yx\AX•[>_:\>`0Z’Zx\º[>Z@iŽWe Yl>monAZ:i`e ‘i`š@`”»d†–kŽW…miDZ@i`c<mQZ…XMi¯<eDmBXi\ ¢0¢ miSWX@`S ¼ŽZ@iDk We Š@\AZ@iŽ[Z

`e Wm·`0Z…kŽZ…X`™[>Z@iu[>_Y,\kDZX` iW‡>‡<We Wmbi,i|ZX@``e ‘iJ`bš@`†£YZe`0Wm~X>Z@i5WXdW…j~riSZ@iu[>_>eRi WjQZ@iLi|W…Xiu[>_:\>`0Zˆ[>‘@ijQW

¢ m~X—[@\’½£¾i mQ‘YjQZ†!\<X¿i&rAiv`0‘kDZDev\A[m~k ZX@`0Wmoe Z [>ZˆY_:`0WR`m~_XH‡<Zx\>`0›&§R`e Z [>‘@ijQW¶i ZY_>X>[>ZˆkŽ_mq`0mV [@\’½£À~¾0 

p)Z‡<ZX>[>WX@`0†<YZj˜W‰XdZY_X<Y"Ze&X<Z‡<W@i`0_:\i£j~Zi%[>_Y,\kDZX:` i|†[>Z‡>jq\i|†m~jX}~r WŠ@\AZŠ@\AZjŠ@\AZ:i%Y"W@i%_:Á¶j}Q_X

‡<Zx\>`)i\<‡>‡<_¡i|Ze‹\<XÂi&rAiv`0‘kDZL_:\¶`_:\:`žW,\HkD_m~Xi‹\AX>ZL_>e&Ÿ<WX>miSWx`m˜_XHZX¶We&e m~‘e Z›‡jQWX¶Zx`0†ZX ¢ mBXd†Y@ZjQWLX>Z

[>mq`£e&m˜Z…X¶i\<ejQWŽi mq`\AW,`&m~_>X Y_>X>Ye ‘,`0Z[>Z@ižWe|Yl>mon<Z:i, >ÃX ZXˆZiv`%[>_>X>Ye V[@\<m·`%Wx\>‚8l:r>‡<_:`l>‘@i|Z@i, :z jAZ@iv` ¢ _e`

‡<_iRi moc<jQZŠ@\AZ‰jQZ@i%[>_<Yx\AkDZX@` i%[}QWe Yl>monAZ:i%WmQZ…X`{Vx`0VY_:X<iSZevnVdiÄW"nZYjZ:i%j~mon<e Z:i%[>Z‰j˜Wuc<mocAjm~_:`l>‘Š@\AZ_:\

Wm~ZX@`™[@\¸kD_<mBX<i

¢

W…m·`j}Q_dcÅSZx`J[}˜\AX>ZDŸ<Zdi`m~_>XœY_kDk\AX<Z¤m~j

¢

W,\>`™[m€e ZˆŠ@\”}Q¶YZ@iuV‡<_<Š@\AZ@i †£j}VYe#m·`™Z@iv`

c<mQZX’kD_m~Xi5[>m

¢&¢

Ve ZX>YmQVˆ[<W…X<iLi Zi

¢

_>X<Yx`m~_>XiuŠ@\£}m~j%XZˆjQZ¶i Ze WD‡jo\”iJ`0We [ z&j£Z:i`™[>_XdY.‡<We

¢

Wmq`0Zk ZX@`

j~_mi mocAjZH[>Z¶‡<Z…X<iSZeŒŠ@\AZÂj~Z@iŒWe Yl>monAZ@iŒX>Z ¢ _X`‡<W@i5j}_:cÅ Zx`‰[}˜\<X’`e Wmq`0ZkDZX@`)`e ‘i.i0‡<VYm¢mQŠ@\¡Z: !ƞjBjQZ:i

i _>X@`0†—YZ‡<ZXd[>WX@`0†’[>‘iMj~Z:i•`0ZkL‡iMjQZ@i­‡<j˜\”iºWX>YmQZ…X<i †`e|‘@iºYZev`0Wm~XdZ…k ZX@`¸`e&m˜V@ZiM_:\Ç[@\ÇkŽ_m~Xi

_>e [:_>X:XdVZ@i †<YZŠ@\mAmkL‡<jmQŠ@\AZ5[>Z@i%_>‡<Ve Wx`m~_>Xi%[>ZLi VjQZY`m~_>X  h Z‡>e ZkˆmQZei&ri`0‘kˆZ[>Z5Y_:`0Wa`m˜_XLe|Z‡<Ve V

i,}Q_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi ZLW,\’kD_<mBXi%‡AWev`m~ZjQjZk ZX@`ÄWx\>`0_d\de[>Zi[>_>r>ZX>XdVdia >p)Z.i&ri`0‘kˆZ5W:iRi|_YmQZ[>Z,\‚HjQZx``e Z@i †A[>_X`

jQW‡>e ZkDmQ‘eSZ’Z@iv`Œj}m~X<mq`0mWjQZ’[@\º[>_rdZX>X>V—Y…jo\AX>mi mZXÈY@_>X>Y"Ze&X>V—Zx`Lj˜WÉi ZY_>X>[>Z‡<Z,\>`0›&§a`e|Z\<X¿X\k Ve _

[}Q_e [:e|Z†‹i WX<iŠ@\AZˆj}Q_XH‡:\Ambi,i|Zˆ§x`e|ZŽn>e|W…mQk Z…X`™W ¢¢ m~e k¶Wx`m¢ ˆYZ¶iv\"ÅSZx`S z&j%Z@i` ¢_e`)‡>_iRi moc<jQZ†£[>Z.‡<jq\”i †

Š@\AZ5YZev`0Wm~X<iÄ`e|W…m·` i[>Z5jv}Q_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`0m~_>XDŸ<V…XdVe WjQZ[>Zi‹‡<e ZkDmQZeRižYWev`\Aj~Wmoe Z:iž[>Zj}QW"c>cAWrZ‰e Z ¢ jQ‘x`0ZX@`Ä[>Z@i

iv`e\AYa`\<e Zi’[}Q_:e&Ÿ<WX>mi|Wx`&m˜_XÊ[>_<Yx\kŽZ…X`0Wmoe Z: JƞXM`_:\:`8YW@i|†LYZe`0Wm~X>Z:i—YWe WY,`0Ve miv`0m~Š@\AZ:iH‡<Ze [@\<e Ze|_X`

Å&\i Š@\{}Ëjv}We&e mon<VZ¥[>Zi2[>_<Yx\kŽZ…X` i­e Z@iv`0WX@` iº¥jQWÌymoc<jQm~_d`ld‘Š@\AZ¥X<Wx`m˜_X<WjQZ¥[>Z3“e WX>YZDͶWm~Xi mQ†

j}mi _jQZk ZX@`–[>Z@i™[>_Y,\kDZX` i™Y_XdYZe X>WX`)j}oÆi0‡<WŸX<Z _d\—j}„5X:Ÿ<jZ,`0Ze&e ZL_:\ZX>Y_>e ZDj~WˆiSV‡<We Wx`m˜_XH[<Z@i

WYx`0Zi%[}W,\>`_>e&mq`0V@ii|_d\>nZe Wm~X>Z:i%Zx`{[>Z@i{j~Zx``e|Z@i£‡<_>X…`m¢ mQYWj~Z:i, 

h ZiL‡>e ZkˆmQ‘e|Z@iDk Z…X`&m˜_X<iD[}˜\AX•[>V‡<š:`5[}QWe Yl>m˜nAZ:iŽ_@\º[}˜\<X•jQmZ,\­‡>e VYmiL‡<_:\<eDYZ’[>Ze0X>mZe †i _>X@`

`0We [:monZ@i, Æ)X ^>Îσ†£jZiWe|Y…l>monAZ:iu[@\¸Yl<Z ¢ [!}Q_e|[:e ZˆYjo\<X>mi mZX¿i|_X`™kDZX@`0m~_X>XdVZ:i‡<_:\<ej~WD‡>e ZkˆmQ‘e Z

¢ _miuZ"‚d‡jQmQY…m·`0Z…k ZX@`%¤”ZX

,Ð

f>^>†£Y:}QZ@iv`J[>Z.j~W ÑBÒ:ÓRÓaÔՁÖÓaÔ×ÔØQÙRÚÔÛ:ÓaÒ:ÜD†£j~WD¹`0_d\de[>Z@i™‡>e&mon<m~jQ‘…Ÿ<Zi‹»—[>_>X>Y†

X>Z ¢ [>Zˆp)jo\X:rDz0z&z †¡`e W[>mq`m~_>X>X<ZjBjQZk ZX@`)Xd_kDkˆVZD¹‹_:\<e[>ZiWe|Yl>mon<Z:i£»—Zx`i mq`\AVZ Wx\¸X>_>e [>†j}W,\>`e Z

`_:\<e™Va`0WX@`–[:mq`0ZL¹‹_:\<e™[>ZLj~WJÅ&\”iv`m~YZ»  h W.‡<Ze k WX<ZX>Y"Z.[<Z.j}m~Xi`0W…j~jQWx`0m~_>X’[>Z@i™We Yl>m˜nAZ:i™[>WXi™YZx``0Z

`_:\<eºZ@iv` Y_X

¢

m~e k VZ¥‡<Weº‡jq\i mQZx\<e,i2kDZX`&m~_>Xi2V‡<W…e0‡m~j~jQV@Zi2Wx\¦Y_:\<eRi [>Z@i i m~‘YjQZ@i™ÍHYZ>Ò:ÓRÓaÔBÕ

ÖÓ,ÔQ×ÔØQÙRÚÔÛ:ÓaÒ:Ü®`0_:\:`u[}QWxc<_>e [>†iv\<mon<m[}o\XœY"_d\<ev`™e V"Y_>jQZ…kŽZ…X`u[>Z@i5We Yl>monAZ:i5[@\ ¾ i mQ‘@YjQZ†‹m~X`&mq`\Aj~V

Ó <ÔAÑ~ÔÛÖÓaÔ×ÔQØÙRÚÔQÛ:Ó,Ò:Ü ÔÉÑBÒ:ÓRÓaÔ&  YZYmi}QW&Å _d\>`0Z"†Wx\5z&¾Ji mQ‘YjQZ†£jQWˆkˆZX`m~_X—[}˜\AX’m~X:nAZX@`0Wmoe Z

‡<Wev`m˜Z…j<[<Wx`0V[>Z Ï ]<†iv\<mon<mQZZX@`e ZWx\>`e Z@i%[>ZY"_d\<e`0Z@i{[>Z@i Ye mo‡:`0m~_>Xi%[>Z[>_>kZWX­Wc<mjQj~_XDZX g]

_:\¸[>ZŽyuZXd_B`¼5\kŽ_j~mBX¸ZX@`e|Z Î Ð ³’Zx` Î>Îg< £Ud\<e`_@\>`b†X>_:\iWn_X<i‡<_d\<ej˜W

¢

m~Xœ[@\5z&z&z&¾)i mQ‘YjZ

[>Z@ižVjQV…k ZX@` i%‡>e V"Y…mi–[>_X>XdVdi%‡<WežjZ:i£`e WxnWx\<‚¶[<Z h _:\<mi ›ŽZX:e m h W…kLcAZe`%[>ZyWe#monAZ: dpJZŒ[>Ze&X>mQZe †\AX

Wxn_YW,`­[}~„\>`\<X¨`e|Wxn<WmjQjQW…X`­Wx\¦i Ze&n<mQYZË[@\Çp)Wc<mXdZx`­[>Z@iºYl>Wev`0Z@i †—W¥Y_>‡>mQV¥[>ZiMkˆmQjjQmZeRiº[Z

[>_<Yx\<kDZX@` iŽ[>W…X<iDjQZ@iDWe|Y…l>monAZ:iD[>Z’j}QW"c>cWr<ZÂc<_:\<e&Ÿ:\<m~ŸXd_X>XdZ’ZX@`e Z Î>Î>f•Za` Î>³>f•ZR`5j~Wmi,i V’[>Zx\<‚

[>Z@i|Ye mo‡:`&m˜_Xi

¢

_>eb`ž[>VR`0Wm~jjQVZ:i–[>Z@i)j~_<YWx\<‚HZx`ž[>Zj˜Zx\<e)Y_>X@`0ZX\A†[>Z@iv`m~X>V"Z@i)LW‡>‡:\rZei Z:iže W‡>‡<_>eb` i0†ZX

Î>ÎόZx` Îg]<› Îgƒ^ z&jZiv`{WmBXi mA‡<_¡iSi m˜c<jQZ5[}Vk Zx``e ZŠ@\AZj~Š@\AZ:i%l:r>‡<_:`l>‘i Z@i)iv\<e%j}W:i&‡<ZY,`Ÿ<VX<Ve Wj[@\

e VY"Z‡:`0WYjQZ[>Z@i%We Yl>monAZ:i%Yjq\X>miSmQZ…X>XdZ@i%‡<We`moe%[@\Dc<W:i­_:r>ZXŸ<ZDÍ:YZi|Ze Wmq`0†<Wx\ ‡:e ZkDmQZe%Vx`0WŸ<Z[>Z

jQWJ`0_d\<e£Xd_:e [>†:\<X>Zi WjQjZY"We&e VZ[}o\XdZ‡<Zx`&m·`0Z[m…W…m~X<Z[<Z‰kŽ‘x`e Z@i%[>ZY"šd`0V†<[}o\<X>Zl<Wx\>`0Zx\<e%[>ZÏ5kD‘,`e Z@i

ZX:n<m~e _>X 

X>Z¶[>Zi Ye m~‡:`&m˜_X—[>ZjQW¶iSW…j~jQZ¶[>Z:iWe Yl>m˜nAZi5Yj˜\AX>mi mQZ…X>XdZ:i †£[@\’½"! ¾ i mQ‘YjQZ†£kD_X@`e|ZˆŠ@\AZŽc<mQZXœ[>Z:i

Ÿ>e WXd[>Z@i5YW,`0VŸ<_e0m~Z@iu[V&ÅSˆYmq`0VZ:i5i ZÂi|_X`kŽW…m~X`0Z…X\AZ:i5Ž`e W,n<ZeRiujZiLi mQ‘YjZi,  h Z@i5WYx`0Zi‡<_>X@`m¢ mQYWx\<‚

i _>X@`uˆ‡<We`†£j~Z@i‰WYx`0Z@i5[>ZiŸ>e WX>[i5ZX’Ÿ<VXdVe Wj%Wx\”iRi mQ†YZ¶Š@\Am%Y_>X>YZe0X<Zj~Z:ie|V@i ZW,\‚¸j~_<YWx\<‚ ¢ _e kDZ

‡<jq\i mQZx\<e,i£Ÿ>e _:\<‡<Z@i%[:mi`&m~X>Y,` i$#¬µ{We%WmBjQjQZx\<eRi †:\<XDYZev`0WmBXDXd_kLc>e Z[>ZYW,`0VŸ>_>e&m~Z@iÄ[>_Yx\AkDZX@`0Wmoe|ZdiÄ[>_X`

j}Z‚<miv`0ZXdY@Z Z:iv`)‡<WeuWmBjQjQZx\<eRi5Wx`Q`0Z@iv`0V"Z.X>ZÂi|_X`)‡<W@i™e Z‡>e V@i|ZX@`0VZi,  X’m~X:nAZX@`0Wmoe|Z¶[@\¸[>Vc:\>`™[@\’½"!À¾

i mQ‘YjQZY_X

¢

moe kˆZ5ZX>Y_>e ZYZev`0Wm~X>Z:i%[>Z5YZ:i%mkD‡>e Z@iSi m~_Xi,  h Z@ižWYx`0Zi£‡<_X`&m

¢

mQY@W,\‚Dr _<YYx\<‡<ZX@`\<XdZJ`e ‘@i

Ÿ>e WXd[>Z ‡<jQWYZ†kŽW…mi­[>WX<i­[>Z@i¸‡>e _‡<_>e`m~_X<i•Š@\AZ j0}_>X XA}Wx\<e Wmq`œ‡<Z,\>`0›&§a`e|Zº`b_d\ƒ`¸[>Z k §k Z ‡<W:i

mk WŸ<m~X<VZ:i, !µ{_:\<eLY"Zeb`0WmBXdZ:ic:\AjjQZ:i †žYZÉi _>X@`u‡<We¢ _miŒ‡jq\iŽ[}˜\AX<ZH[m%Wm~X<Z’[}QZ"‚AZkL‡<jQWmBe|ZdiŒŠ@\Ami _>X@`

Ymq`0V@i|†_e0moŸm~X<Wx\<‚8Zx`%Y_>‡>mZiJi|WXi[>_:\>`0Z @¼DZ5YZx`Q`0ZWxc<_>X>[>WXdY@Z"†¡m~jX}~r¶W‡<j˜\i£`e W"YZW"Yx`\AZj~jQZ…k ZX@`S ƒz&jr

W†<YZiv`0W"[>Z†[>Zi%Y_@`0Z@i|†[@\ kD_m~Xi|†[>Z@iži mBŸ<X<Z@i%[>Ze|Z@Y"_XƒX>Wmi,i WX<YZ@i)iv\<e%Y"Zev`0Wm~Xi%WY,`0Z@i †<Š@\miv\AmonAZX@`

‡<jq\i mQZx\<e,ii&riv`0‘k Z@i™ÍjQZx``e Z@ii m~kD‡<jZi™_d\[>_d\>c<jQZ@i|†Yl>m¢¢e Z@i †kŽ_d` i|›&Yj~V:i †!‡<We ¢ _<mik §kˆZD[>Z¶i mkD‡jQZ:i

i moŸ<X<Z@iŸ>e W‡l>mQŠ@\AZ:i, z jZ@i`™‡jq\”i5Š@\AZˆ‡>e _:c<Wc<jQZHŠ@\AZ¶Y@Zi¹ŽY_d`0Zi£»’X>Z’i _>X@`0†%ZX ¢ W…m·`0†Än<WjQWc<jZ¶Š@\{}QW"\

i Zm~Xº[>Z¿jv}Z…X<i ZkLcjQZ¿k Wx`0Ve m~ZjuWx\AŠ@\ZjuW‡>‡Wev`m~ZX>X>ZX:`Dj~Zi¶[>_<Yx\AkDZX@` i †j˜W"rZx``0Z†Jc_&B`0Zi$# i|WXi.\AX

i&ri`0‘kDZ‡<j˜\”iŸ<VXdVe Wj”[WXi)jQZŠ@\¡Zj”Z…jQjQZ@ii}m~Xi Ve|Ze WmQZ…X`žZx`žŠ@\<m‡<Ze k Zx``e Wmq`ž[>ZLYZe XdZe)jZŒ[>_Yx\Ak ZX@`

Y_>X>YZe&X>V('©[<Z•YZ¿‡<_m~X@`Dn:\AZ"†Zj~jQZdi—i _>X@`8[>_XdY k _>m~Xi—Wxc<_:\>`m~Z:iHŠ@\AZ•jQZdi8‡>e Zk.mQ‘e|Zdi—iv`e Wx`0ZiH[>Z

Y_@`0WR`m~_>Xi%Š@\Am_>X@`{Vx`0VV,n<_<Š@\AVZ@i£‡<jq\i%l>Wx\>`S )ÊYZ‡<_>mBX:`{[>Zj}QVn<_j·\>`&m~_>X>†<mBjAZ:iv`{[@\ e Z@i`0Z–`e|‘@i£‡>e0_dcWxc<jZ

Š@\AZ¶pJj·\X:r¸W¶Z,\•[<ZˆŸ>e _i‡>e0_dc<j~‘k Z:i5¶kˆW*B`e mi Zej}QW"c_Xd[>WX>YZ¶[>ZÂi Z:i5Yl>Wev`0Z@i¤£m~ji|ZkŽc<jQZHŠ@\AZjQW

Ÿ<Z@i`m~_XMi}QZ:iv` ¢ Wmq`0Z’W:iRi|Z+Y…ldW_:`m~Š@\AZœWx\ i|_e`moeD[@\­½!”¾i mQ‘YjQZœZx`ŒWx\º[>Vc:\>`Œ[@\•½"!À~¾& %„‹Å _:\>`0V’Wx\<‚

e V@i\j·`0Wx` i[>ZiJ`e&_:\>c<jQZ@i[>ZˆjQW¶i ZY_>X>[>ZˆkD_m·`&m~V [@\’½!”À

¾

i mQ‘YjQZ†£Wx\<‚œZ

¢¢

_e` i[>ZDe V

¢

_e&kŽZˆ[@\’½"!À~À

¾

Zx`

Wx\>‚Çm~X>X>_<kŽc<e|W"c<jQZ@iÊY"_X ¢ jmq` i Š@\mÈZX®e V@i\j·`0‘e ZX@`0†’Y"ZYmɇ<_:\<e&e Wmq`•c<mQZ…X Z‚>‡<jmQŠ@\AZe2jQW¥‡>e _ ¢ _Xd[Z

e V_:e0Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`0m~_>X¿[>Z:i ¢ _Xd[¡iŒZX@`e Z‡>e&mi ZHÂjQW ¢ m~X•[>ZHYZ’[>Ze&X>mQZeDi mQ‘YjZ"†WYY_>kL‡WŸXdVZÂ[}o\XdZÂWY,`&m~_>X

[}m~X:nAZX@`0Wmoe Z"†’ZXªrªW|Å|_d\>`0WX`­j~W3‡<Wev`mq`0m~_>X®[>ZËj~W ¢ W…kDmQjjQZ¥Yjo\AX>mbi mQZX>X>ZËZX [>Zx\‚ _:ci|Ze&n<WX>YZ:i|†

j}„5X<Y…mQZX>X>Z¸Zx`Dj},‹`e0_m·`0ZD͖j},%`e&_>mq`0Z¿W•i _>X ‡>e0_>‡>e Z¿[ƒV‡<š@` YZX`e Wjus& U<Wm~X@`0›-­Wev`m~Xd›&[>Z@i ›0pJl<WkL‡i&w, 

­Wmi™YZLŠ@\Am£WLjQZ‡<jo\iž‡>e _ ¢ _>X>[<Vk Z…X`kŽWe Š@\AVLX>_:`e Z‡<Ze YZ‡:`m˜_Xd†!Y"Z8i|_X`j˜Zdi%`e WxnWx\‚—[>ZLjQW ¢ m~XH[d\

½!”À~À¾ i m~‘Y…jQZ†i WXi%[>_d\ƒ`0ZkDZX>V@iži _:\i‹j}QVŸ<m[>Z[>Z[>_>k h _Š@\AZR`S 

ƞX YZ5Š@\mY"_XdYZe X>ZjQZ:ižWkˆVXdWŸ<ZkˆZX` im~X@`0Ve m~Z,\<eRi †j&}Q_>Xi|Wmq`

¢

m~X<WjZk ZX@`”c<mZXD‡<Zx\Íj}~Û:Ó <Ô%AÑBÔÛ

[@\ ¾ i mQ‘YjZˆ‡<Ze#k Zx`u[}QVx`0Wxc<j~m~e\X—e WX:Ÿ<Zk Z…X`uZX¸[>Zx\>‚¸Wjm~Ÿ<X>Zk Z…X` i5[}We kD_<moe Z@i5s iv\<e5jZ:i5k\<e,i

X>_>e [HZx`)iv\A[:w–_e&Ÿ<WX>miSVZ@i™ZXˆ`e WxnVZ:i †”WYY_>kL‡AWŸXdVZ@iu[>ZL‡<Zx`mq` i™Y_ ¢v¢e|Zdi|†[>Zc<_.B`0Z@i™Zx`–[>Z ¢ _d\<e&e|ZWx\>‚

[>ZYx\Amoe¤d‰j~W

¢

m~XD[@\/z&z0z

¾

i mQ‘YjQZ†j}_>XDWW

¢¢

Wm~e Z[>Z@i%We#kŽ_moe Z@i%ldWx\>`0Z@i%Zx`cW@iRi|Zdiži V‡<We|VZ:i£‡<We\<X

X>monAZWx\Çm~X@`0Ze#k V[>mQWmoeSZ¥Y_>Xi`&m·`\AV¥[>Z `moe _>moeRiºs&jQZ©`0_@\>`¸e V‡<Web`m’jQZ¥j˜_X:Ÿ [>Z@iºŠ@\AWx`e Z¥k\<eSi&w,  X

e WXƒŸ<ZkˆZX`£`l>VkDWx`0m~Š@\AZ‡<Zx\>`ž§R`e ZL[>VŸ<WŸ<V†c<m~ZX’i¯<e‡>jo\i‡>e VYmiSVk Z…X`%‡>_:\<e‹j˜Z5z&z&z ¾ Š@\AZ‡<_:\<ej~Z

¾i mQ‘YjQZ: ¼DWXi%j~ZYW@i%jQZ‡j·\i%WXdY…mQZX>†<j~Z:i£‡>e mBXdYmB‡<Z:i%[}Q_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`0m~_>XDkˆ§jQZX@`%i&r>kLc_jQZZx`”‡>e Wa`m˜Š@\Z

ZXœi}_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi|W…X`™Wx\>`b_d\<e™[>Z.Ÿ>e|WX>[i)`rƒ‡<Zdiu[>_<Yx\<k Z…X`Wmoe Zi, ¼ŽW…X<i[>Z:iuWe kD_moe|Z@ic<W:iSi Z:ii|ZŽ`e0_d\>nZX@`

jQZ:iW"Yx`0Z@ižZx`£j˜Zx``e Zi‹‡<_>X@`m¢ mQY@W,\‚¶¤[>W…X<ijQW‡<Wev`0m~ZŽi\<‡<Ve#m˜Zx\<e Z†!i|_X`£Ÿ>e0_d\<‡<Vi[>ZiW"Yx`0Z@iž[>Z@iž[m¢¢ Ve ZX@` i

i _:\>n<Ze WmBXiŒ_:\Mi|Z…m€ŸXdZx\<eRi †ž[>Z@iŒ[>_Yx\Ak ZX@` iŒY_>X>YZe0X>WX@`5j~ZiL[>monAZeRi5‡>e mQZx\<e V@ia Ä„n<Z"Y†Äc<mQZX iv¯<e|†[>Z@i

¹ˆi&rAiv`0‘k Z[>ZYjQW@i,i Zk ZX@`”»LŸ<VX>Ve Wj~†Š@\AmA_e m~ZX@`0ZX@`£jQW5[mi0‡<_¡i mq`0m~_>XD[>Z:i ¢ _X>[i 'ZX.Xd_d`0WX@`0†<[@\ˆe|Z@i`0Z†

Š@\”}m~j¶Z:i`Âc<m~ZX3‡<_iRi mocAjZ2Š@\AZ2j~Z:iœŸ>e WX>[<Z@i¸YW,`0VŸ<_emQZ:i¸[>ZºcW:i Z2WmZX`’‡>e V"Zx‚<miv`0V2Mj~W `0_d\<eœ[>Zi

We Yl>m˜nAZ:i™ÍZX­Z ¢¢ Zx`0†Jj~Z:iD‡<_m~X` i Y_kDkL\AXi Wn<ZYœj}_e0Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`0m~_>X­[>ZdiD‡<jq\”i WX>YmQZ…X<i YWev`\Aj~Wm~e Z@i [>Z

j}Wc>c<Wr<ZHX>ZÉi|_X`‡<W@iŒX>VŸ<jm~Ÿ<ZWc<jQZ:i,  h }We&e WX:Ÿ<Zk ZX:`5[>Z@iŒ[>_<Yx\<kDZX@` iŒY_>e&e Z@i0‡<_Xd[ i|W…X<iŒ[>_d\>`0ZHZX

‡<Wev`m˜Z¶Wx\i,i m%¶[>Z:i‰n<mi|VZ:iLi&r<kLc<_jQmŠ@\AZi, z#j%Z:i``_:\:`)‡<Wev`m~Yx\AjmQ‘e Zk ZX@`™e ZkŽWe Š@\AWc<jQZ¶Š@\AZjQZ@i5W"Yx`0Z@i

‡<_>X@`m ¢mQYWx\<‚ ¢ _>e&k Z…X`0† [>WXi j}We&e|WX:Ÿ<Zk ZX@` kDW`0Ve&m~Zj [Z@i We kD_m€e Z@i Y_kDk Z [>WXi j~Z:i

e Z‡>e|V@i ZX`0Wx`m~_>XiLmQ[>VWjQZ:iL[>Z:iŒYjo\X>mi mQZXi †jQWcAW@i Z—[>Zj}QZXi ZkLc<jZƒ ‹p)ZYm)X}QZdi`‡<W@i\AX>ZÉi0‡<VYm ¢ mQYmq`0V

Yjq\AX>mbi mQZX>X<ZDÍ)[>_kDm~X>mQY@Wm~Xi8Zx`

¢

e WX>YmiSYWm~Xi †‡<We8Zx‚AZkL‡<jZ"†Y_X>XdWmbi,i|ZX@` Wx\iSi mJ\AX>Z¸YZev`0Wm~X>Z•iv\<e ›

e Z‡>e|V@i ZX`0Wx`m~_>XD[>Z@i%W"Yx`0Z@i£‡<_>X@`m¢ mQYWx\<‚<†<Zx`jQZx\<eSi ¢ _>X>[iž_>X@`”VŸ<W…j˜Z…k ZX@`A`0ZX>[>WX>Y"Z‰j~Z:i%kDZx``e|Z‡<We`  

„\/z0z&z ¾ i mQ‘YjQZ†j~Ze|WX:Ÿ<Zk ZX@`%i Z ¢Wmq`%iv\<e`e0_>mbi{X>m˜n¡ZWx\>‚†>[Vk We&e|WX@`£i\<e!\AX>ZWe kD_<moe ZmBX`&m·`\j~VZ

¹D„‰c>cWr<Z¶[>Z¶pJjo\AX:rD»œZx`u[>VxnZj~_‡>‡<WX`ˆj˜WÂiv\Amq`0Z.\X—e WX:ŸAZk Z…X``l>VkDW,`&m~Š@\AZ¶[}o\AX<Zˆ‡<Wev`™s`0Zji5_:\

`0Zjiž‡>e mZ,\<e V@i †`0Zji–_d\¶`0Zji%`vrƒ‡<Z@i–[>ZL[:e _mq`w–Zx`%Wjo‡<l>Wc<V`m~Š@\AZŒsv‡<We)[>m~_<Y‘@i Z:iž‡>e#m~XdY…m~‡AWjZk ZX@`w)[}QWx\>`e Z

‡<Wev`b†£[>WXiujZ:i)`&m€e _m€eRiŠ@\Am)i V‡<We|Z…X`™j~Z:iWe kD_<moe Z:il>W\>`0Z@iuZx`cW@iRi|Z:i,  YZYm)i,}QW|Å|_d\>`0ZX`™[>Z@ik WjjQZ:i

Y_>X@`0ZXdWX@`Di|_mq`Œ[>Z@iŒ‡m˜‘YZ:iL‡<We`mY,\j~mQ‘e Zk ZX@`5‡>e VYm~Z\i|Z@i †i _<mq`Œ[>Z@iD[>_<Yx\<k ZX@` iŒe Z&Å Zx`0V@iDj~_>eRiŽ[>ZjQW

kˆmi|ZÂZX’‡<jQW@Y"Z¶[>ZÂYZ¶YjQW:iRiSZk ZX@`S ¼DZ@i‰Y_@`0Z@i †%Zx‚Y…jo\”i monAZ…k ZX@`™X\k Ve m~Š@\¡Z@i †£‡<Zx\<n<ZX@`™‡<We

¢

_mQiL§,`e Z

e Z‡<Ve VZ@i|†kDWmi%YZX>Zi _>X@`”Ÿ:\A‘e|Z‡jq\iĊ@\AZ[>Zdi{X@\AkˆVe _i%[}Q_:e [:e ZWx\Hi|Zm~XD[>ZJ`0Zji%_:\.`0Zji%ZXi ZkLcjQZ:i

k Wx`0Ve m~Zji,  h Z:iŒ¹DWe Yl>monAZ:i5‡<Wev`m~Y,\jQm‘e Z:i£»¸[>V|ÅSHYmq`0VZ@iDi _>X@`5_:e0Ÿ<WX>mi VZ:iŒ‡<Z,\•‡>e ‘@iDi\<eLjQZÂk §…k Z

kD_<[>‘jZ"†£W"nZYˆkD_m~Xi5[}Q_>e [:e ZˆZ,`)‡>jq\”i[>Z¶iSWY@i5V‡<WeRiS†£YZˆŠ@\Am£Z:i`)X>_>e&kDWjžVx`0WX@`J[>_XƒX>VˆjQZx\<eX>W,`\<e Z

‡<jq\i¹DŠ@\A_@`m˜[mQZX>X<Z» 

h

Zi ¢_Xd[i_>X@`ÄWj~_eSiVR`0V‡>e&_ ¢_Xd[>VkˆZX`£e ZkDWX>mQV@i)¤<mBj”i}Z:iv`ÄYe VV\<XD¹D´e WX>[

£e V@i _:eÈ[>Z@iÈWe Yl>monAZ:i£» [>Z j}Wc>c<WrZ†ˆe Vx\AX>miRiSWX@`¸Y"Z Š@\AZ X>_:\iÈW‡>‡<ZjBjQZe m~_<Xi•Wx\"Å _:\<e [}l\mH[>Z:i

We Yl>m˜nAZ:i l>miv`0_>e&m~Š@\AZ:i, )p)Zev`0WmBXdZ:i¶YW,`0VŸ<_:e&m~Z:i8[>_Yx\Ak ZX@`0Wmoe|Z@i¶mi,iv\AZ:i8[>Z@iÂi mQ‘YjQZ:iˆ‡<Wi,i V@iHi}BrÊi _>X@`

k WmBX`0ZX@\AZ:i™Í£WmBXi m˜†–jQZÂe|ZŸ>e _:\<‡<ZkDZX@`‰[>Z@iŒ[>_Yx\Ak ZX:` iLWX:Ÿ<jWmiDZ,`5Z@i0‡<WŸ>X>_jia !¼DZiL_>‡<Ve W,`m~_XiŒ[>Z

i VjQZYx`0m~_>X•_>X@`ŒVx`0V’kDZX<VZi †JXd_d`0Wk.k ZX@`Œ[>WX<iˆjQZ@i [<_Y,\<kDZX@` iL‡<_>X@`0m¢ mQYWx\<‚­Zx`0†)YZev`0Wm~X>Zk ZX@`0†)[>Z@i

[>_<Yx\<kDZX@` i _>X@`ŽVa`0V"†J’j}m~X:nAZeRi|Z†Je|Z‡>e _<[@\<mq` i '2’k _>mBX<i.c<mQZXMiv¯<e Š@\AZœjv}Q_>X XdZÈi|Z¿i _mq` i Zevn<m[>Z

Y_>‡>m~Z:iº[>V|ÅSËZ‚<mbi`0WX@`0Zi, .ƞX Z

¢¢

Zx`0†’YZe`0Wm~Xiº[!}QZX@`e ZËZx\>‚ Vx`0Wm~ZX@`¸n<mi m˜cAjQZkˆZX`•‡>e V@i|ZX@` iº[>WXi

‡<jq\i mQZx\<e,i%ZXi ZkLcAjZ:i%We Yl>m˜n<mi`&mQŠ@\AZ@i|†jQZx\<e£‡j˜W@Y"Z‰j~_<Ÿm~Š@\AZ[>WXi`0Zj<_d\D`0Zj<[>_iRi mQZe¤dWmBXiSm~†j}W"Yx`0Z[>Z

¢ _Xd[>Wx`&m˜_X [>Zj}QW"c>cWr<Z: >p}QZ:iv`£kŽW…m~X`0Z…X<WX`%Y_kDk Zu\AX>ZLi _>ev`0Z5[>Zk\”i VZ5Š@\AZŽi|ZY"_X

_mq`ÄYZ‰¹ŒŸ>e WX>[

`e V@i0_>e»œ[@\AŠ@\AZjžZ:iv`mQi,iv\AZ¶jW¶‡<j˜\iuŸ>e WX>[>Z¶‡<Wev`u[>Z¶YZ¶Š@\AmX>_:\i5Z@i`‡<Wevn<ZX@\—¤£W,\¿`0VkD_>moŸX<WŸ<Z¶[Z

h

_:\<mbi|›ŽZ…Xƒe m

h

WkŽcAZev`5[>ZˆyuWe&mon<Z†žÂj~W ¢ m~X•[@\¿½"!À~À~À~¾‰i mQ‘YjQZ†j~Z:i5‡mQ‘Y"Z@iŒY_d\<e|WX@`0Z@iDi|_X`5YldZ ’j~Z:i

_ ¢v¢mQY…mQZe,i¨[@\ kD_<X>W:iv`0‘e|Z¬Š@\m3i}QZX i Ze&n<ZX`0† Z,`3j}Wc>c<Wr<Z [>mi&‡<_i Z¬VŸ<WjQZk Z…X` [}¹DWe|Y…l>monAZ:i

‡<Wev`m˜Yx\jQmQ‘e Z@i%»>†­_:Á i|_X`Ëi WX<iË[>_d\>`0Z®jQZ@i©‡W‡<mQZeRiˊ@\AmºY_XdYZe X>ZX`3p)jq\AX:r Y"_kDkˆZ k Wmbi|_X

‡<Wev`m˜Yx\jQmQ‘e Z¶[>ZÂj}Q_e [:e|Z: p)ZˆŸ>e WX>[`e|V@i _>e5We Yl>mon<miv`0mQŠ@\AZXA}W¶‡<W@i5‡<_:\<e5_dcÅ Z"Yx`&m¢ [>Ze ZXi Zm~ŸXdZejQZ:i

l>miv`0_>e&m~ZXi ¢\>`\<eSiJi\<ej}l>miv`0_m€e Z[>Z5jv}W"c>cWr<Z†k Wmbi–[!}ZXˆm~X<YWe&X<ZežYZ5Š@\AZLjZi)Yjo\X>mi mQZXi)[}W…j˜_eRižZX

_>X@`e ZR`0ZX\ 'D\<XD_:e|[:e Zi Wm~X`0†Zx\<e0_>‡<VZX>†<[:_>X@`”j}ŸAZ[}_>ee VxnVe VW[@\<e VÅ\i Š@\”}Wx\D½{ÀBÀ¾ i mQ‘YjQZ: 

ƞX@`e|ZÂYZiL[>Z,\>‚¿‡<_<mBX` i †j}m~X:nAZX@`0Wmoe ZH[>Z Ï ]•jQWmi,iSZÂZX@`e Zxn_moe\XdZ‡>e|Z…kDmQ‘e ZHe V_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`m˜_Xd†

Wx\>`b_d\<e­[}o\<X>Z3YWx`0VŸ<_:e0m~Z¥[>_<Yx\AkDZX@`0Wmoe Z3Vk Ze&Ÿ<ZX`0Z X>_kDk VZÌjQZ@iÛ:Ü5ÜLÒ<Ô%A†iSWX<i­[>_d\>`0Z3j~Z:i

[>_<Yx\<kDZX@` ižY_>X>YZe#XdWX@``b_d\ƒ`”jv}Q_>e [:e Z†[@\8kD_>mBXi|†YZx\<‚8Š@\AZj}_<XˆW%Åv\<ŸV`0Zji †<X>_rdWx\8‡>e _dcWc<jZ5[}˜\AX>Z

¢

\>`\<e ZLWe&kŽ_moe Z¹ŽW"c>cWr<ZL[>ZLp)jo\X:rD»8Zx`ž[>Z.i|Wj~Wr<Zx``bZ¹

¢

_Xd[>Wx`0m~_X8[>ZLjv}QWc>c<Wr<ZŒ[>ZLpJjo\AX:rD»¶¤Z,`0†

jQW ¢ m~X¶[@\ 5z&z&¾%i mQ‘YjZ"†WLVx`0VkDmi ZŒZ…X\nde Z\XdZ‰e V_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi|Wx`0m~_X [>Z:i ¢ _<X>[ižŠ@\m”Z@i`%[>moe ZY,`0Z…kŽZ…X`%

j}_>e moŸ<mBX<ZD[>ZDjWˆi mq`\AW,`&m~_>X¶e ZX>Y"_X`e VZL‡<We h WkŽcZev`–[:ZyuWe mon<ZD[>WXijQZ@i)n<m~X>Ÿ:`)WX>XdVZ@i)‡>e V"YV[<W…X`jQW

tuVn<_>jq\>`&m˜_Xd†!W"YY_kL‡<WŸXdVZL[}˜\AX¶m~X:nAZ…X`0Wmoe ZL[>Z@i ¢_>X<[i‡<We)[>_k¨pJjQWx\A[>Z h _<Š@\AZx`S  h }QWX>WjBrAiSZL[>ZLYZ

kD_:\nZkˆZX`Ziv`uYZ‡<ZXd[WX`e|ZX>[@\AZ¶m~X<YZev`0Wm~X>Zˆ‡<We5jZ ¢ Wmq`uŠ@\AZÂX>_:\iXdZÂ[>mi&‡<_i _>Xi †%Y_kDk Zˆc<W@iSZ

‡<_:\<e‹j~Zi)Z‚>‡<j~_>e Ze%e Vx`e0_¡i0‡<ZYa`monZ…k ZX@`0†AŠ@\AZ[>Z@i%e Ziv`0Z@i–[>ZYZ5Š@\Am

¢

_>e kDWmq`0†!iSWXiž[>_:\>`0Z‡<Wev`m€e[>ZjQW

¢

m~X¶[@\ 5z&z ¾ i mQ‘YjQZ†Å&\iv`0ZkDZX@`%jQZ¹Ž´‰e WXd[Ž`e V@i|_e”»HÍj˜ZdižWe|Y…l>monAZ:il>mi`0_e&m˜Š@\AZdiž[>_>X>Y†A[!}Q_dÁ_X`%Vx`0V

Zx‚ƒ`e Wmq`0Z@i­j~Z:i•‡<m~‘YZ@i­Š@\AmÉi|Z¥i _>X@` ¢ mBX<WjQZk Z…X`¸e Zx`e0_d\>nVZ@i­[>WXi­jQZ@i­[>m¢¢ Ve ZX@` i ¢ _>X>[i­Š@\Am’jQZ@i

Y_>Xi|ZevnAZX@`—WY,`\AZj~jZk ZX@`0†DYZMºŠ@\A_m¶i,}W&Å _:\>`0ZX@`—jQZ@iœX>_:`0Z@i—‡<We ¢ _mi’‡<Wev`mQZ…j~jQZ:iœ[<Z

h

_:\mi ›-DZX:e m

h WkLcAZev`{[>ZJyuWe&mon<Z: 

h Wt‰V"n_j·\>`&m~_>X—W.V,`0V.jQZˆi W:ijQZD‡jq\”i)n<m~_jQZX@`–Š@\”}_>X@`–Zx\Ž‡<W:iSi Ze™jZ:i™We|Y…l>monAZ:i™Yjo\X>mi mQZX>X>Z:i,  h W

i V"Yx\jQWe mi W,`&m~_>Xœ[>Z¶j}Wc:cAWr<Z†%j~Z¶[>V‡AWev`u[>Z@ikD_<mBXdZ:i †\<X>Zˆc<m˜cAjm˜_d`ld‘Š@\AZ¶Zx`u[>Z@i5We|Yl>monAZdi5jQWmi,i VZ@iŒ

X>_:\>n<Z"Wx\ X>VŸ<jm~Ÿ<VZi¥‡<WeËYZx``0Z [>Ze&X>m˜‘e Z3Å|\”i Š@\”}Q«j}QWYŠ@\Ambi m·`&m~_<X¬ŸVXdVe WjQZ [>Zdi ¢ _>X>[i3‡<WeËjW

ymoc<jQm~_d`ld‘Š@\AZÂXdWx`&m˜_XdW…jQZH[>Z8“¡e WX>YZ†£`_:\:`5Y"Zj~WHW ¢ m~XAWj~ZkˆZX`‡<_:e`0Vj~Z:iŒY_:\<‡i5j~Z:i‡<jq\”i5ev\A[>Z@iŒÂj~W

[>_<Yx\<kDZX@`0Wx`m˜_XA ¶UWX<i•[>_:\>`0Z†.\<X>Z2Ÿ>e WXd[>Z ‡<Wev`m˜Z3[>Z@i•[>Ziv`ev\AYx`m˜_X<i•_:\ [>Z@i¸‡<Zev`0Z@iȊ@\”}mQj ¢ Wx\>`

[>V‡<j~_>e ZeÊZ@iv` [@\AZ† i m~kL‡<jZk ZX@`0†¸ªj~W X>VŸ<jm~Ÿ<ZX>YZ>  h Z¨e|WYl>W,`2[}QZXi ZkLcAjZ:i2‡<jq\”iÊ_d\¦kD_m~Xi

mkD‡<_>eb`0WX@` i8Wx\ÊY_:\<eRi8[>Z@i¶WX>X>VZ:i †W,\<‡>e ‘@i8[>Zɇ<Wev`mQYx\Aj~mQZeRi †Ziv` j~Z i moŸ<X<Z¿[}o\XdZ¿[>mi ‡<ZeRi m~_Xº[>_>X@`

j}mkD‡<_>ev`0WXdYZX>Z5‡<Zx\>`ž§a`e|Z‰n>e Wm~k ZX@`žVxnW…j·\VZ"†![>Z5kˆ§k ZLŠ@\AZLj}l>miv`0_>moe Z‰\<X ‡<Zx\He _<YWkLc<_j~Zi Š@\AZL[>Z

YldWev`0Z@i™Wr<WX`)Wx`Q`0Ze&e&m”Yl>ZˆjQWi|Ze&n<WX@`0ZD[>Z.j}o\XH[>Z:iu[>Ze&X>mQZeRi™kD_m~X<Z:i™Yjo\X>mi mQZXi, p)ZDŠ@\Am£Z:iv`–[>_XdY

WYx`\AZjBjQZk ZX@`5Y"_X<iSZevn<V—[>W…X<iDjQZ¹

¢

_Xd[¡iŒ[>Z’p)j˜\AX:rD»ÈZ@iv`5miRi\­[<ZÂj}m~X@`0Ze&nZ…X`&m˜_X¸[>Z:iLm~Xiv`0mq`\>`m~_>Xi

YZX`e Wj~Z:i™[>ZDY_X<iSZevnWx`&m˜_Xd†[>_>X>Y†”[}˜\AX¶‡ldVX>_kD‘XdZˆZx‚ƒ`0Ve m~Zx\<e™DYZDŠ@\AZ.j}_<X¶‡<_d\<e&e|Wmq`žX>_kDk ZejQW

n<mQZ‰¹ŒX>_>e#kŽW…jQZ»D[}o\AX ¢ _<X>[i%[}QWe Yl>monAZ:i, 

ƞX ¢ mBX<†m~j£XdZ ¢ Wx\>`‡<Wi™_d\>c<j~mQZej˜ZŒ`e|W…m·`0Z…kŽZ…X`)[>Zi ¢_>X<[i)‡<Wej˜Z@im~Xi`&mq`\>`m˜_X<i™[>Z.Y"_Xi|Ze&n<Wx`0m~_>X 

Y_>Xi mQ[>Ve Zejv}QZ‚<ZkD‡jQZ [ZˆjQWŽyumocjQm~_d`ld‘Š@\AZˆX>W,`&m~_>X>WjQZ¶[>ZŽ“¡e WX>YZ†£Y>}QZ:iv`)‡<We`m~Yx\AjmQ‘e|Z…k ZX@` ¢ jQWŸ>e WX@`S 

ƞXHZ ¢¢ Zx`0†!j~Z:i™[>_<Yx\<k ZX@` i™Yjq\AX>mbi mQZXi)X}Br—_>X@`ž‡<W@i ¢ Wmq`™j}Q_dcÅSZx`–[}˜\AXˆ`e Wm·`0Z…kŽZ…X`)We Yl>mon<miv`0mŠ@\AZ"†kDWmvi

_>X@`uVa`0VˆŸ<Ve V@i5Y_<k.k Z¶[<Z@iŒY_>jBjQZYx`m~_>Xi †i _:\>n<ZX`e|Z…j~mV@i5ZXÉn_jq\Ak Z:i5[‘ij˜_eRiŒY_>Xi mQ[<Ve V@i‰Y_kDk¶Z

[>Z@i­jmon<e Zi ' jQZdiȇjo\”i­WX>YmQZ…XiºZx`Èj~Z@i­‡<j˜\i­‡>e V"Y…mZx\>‚ [>Z@iº[>_Y,\kDZX` i­Y_>X>YZe XdVdi _X`•Wi,i Z

e VY"Z…kDk ZX@` ¢ Wmq`£j}Q_dcÅSZx`{[}o\<X>ZYWkD‡<WŸ<X<Z[>Ze Z@i`0Wx\<e WR`m~_XŽZx`{[>ZJe ZY"_Xd[:mq`&m˜_X>XdZ…k ZX@`{ZXŽYWev`b_X<i, 

X>ZºY_kL‡<We|W…mi|_X©Z…X`e Z j~W2i mq`\AWx`0m~_X2‡>e ViSZ…X`0VZ•‡<We h WkLcAZev`[>ZÈyuWe monAZMWx\ÌY_:\<eRi—[>Z i Z:i

`e WxnWx\>‚­Z,`Lj~Z:iŒe Z@iv`0ZiDY_>Xi|Ze&n<V@iŽs&Zx`ŒŠ@\AZj~Š@\AZ:iDVx`0W‡<Z@iDm~X@`0Ze kDV[>mQWmBe|Zdi0wDkD_X`e Z’Š@\AZ’j~Z’X>_>r>W,\º[Z

‡<jq\i mQZx\<e,i5[>Z@i5e ZYx\AZmQjbi‰W@Y,`\AZ…j~jQZk Z…X`uY_X<i Zen<V:i5Z:iv` ¢_>e#kŽVÂ[>Zˆ‡<mQ‘YZ:i5Š@\AmVx`0WmQZX@`u[>V&Å ¶ZXi ZkLcjQZ

[>WXi%jQZ¹D´e WX>[Äe|V@i _>e£»ˆ¤>m~Ym<‡<Zx\<n<ZX@`{ZXdY_e|Z§x`e Z™Ymq`0V@i%jQZ@i%[>_<Yx\kŽZ…X` i%WXƒŸjQWmiZ,`£Zi&‡<WŸ>Xd_ji, ¼DZ

k §kˆZ"†d\AX>Zc<_>X>X<Z‡<Wev`mQZ[>Z@iž[>_<Yx\kŽZ…X` i%Š@\Am ¢ _e kDZX`£j~Z:iiSVe m~Z:i%Ylƒe _Xd_j~_>Ÿm˜Š@\AZ@iž[>Z‰jQW5pJ_<jBjQZY,`&m~_>X

[>Zy_:\<e&Ÿd_Ÿ>XdZ‰‡>e _:n<m~ZX@`Ä[>ZjQWjQWr<Zx``0Z¹“”_>X>[>Wx`m˜_X8[Zj}QWc>c<Wr<ZL[>Z5pJjo\AX:r »>†Zj~jQZ›&kˆ§k Z.i mq`\AV"ZWx\

½!”À~ÀBÀ~¾)i mQ‘YjZ [>WXij}We kD_<moe Zˆ¹L„c>c<Wr<Z [>Zˆp)j˜\AX:r » z&j{Z@iv`–‡>e _dcWxc<jQZˆŠ@\AZˆjQZ@i™‡<We Yl>Zk mBXiu_>X@`™VR`0V

i _>mq`{[>V‡<j~WYV:i|†¡i|_mq`%i|_d\i`e Wm·` i 'Hi Zj~_>X.jQZ@iÄYW@i ' ‡<We%ZX<iSZkŽc<jQZ:i †<YZŠ@\Am<Zx‚>‡<jmQŠ@\AZYZ:i%Y"_X`mBX\m·`0Vdia 

h WjQZ

_>XDj~W‡jo\”i%mBkD‡<_>ev`0WX`0Z–`m€e Ze%[>Zjv}Ql>mbi`0_m€e Z[>ZYZ

¢

_Xd[i%Zx`0†iv\<e`_:\:`0†>YZj~jQZŠ@\AZjv}Q_XL‡<Z,\>`jQZ

‡<jq\i¿Ÿ<VX<Ve|W…j~miSZe•XdZ Y_>X>YZe#XdZ ‡<W:iÈ_dc<j~m~ŸW,`0_moe|Z…kŽZ…X`•i Zi iSZx\AjQZ@iÈ[>Zdi`m~X<VZ@i•k V[>mQV"nAWjQZ@ia ¼DWXi

j}l>miv`0_m€e Zœ[>ZÉc<mZX­[>Z:i ¢ _X>[i|†jv}V‡<_Š@\AZœkD_<[>Ze X>Z¿Ziv`ŽWx\2kD_m~XiL`0_:\:`ŽWx\iRi mu[>VYmiRmonAZ†)‡<Zx\>`0›&§x`e Z

k §kˆZL‡<jo\i †¡`b_d\ƒ`)ZXHVx`0WX@`žkD_m~X<i™Y_X>X\AZDŠ@\AZ.jQWtVn_jq\>`0m~_X

¢

e WX

W…miSZ:  p)jo\X:r†YZjQWˆi Z`e W[@\Amq`

‡<We£jQWe Z@i`ev\AYR`\<e Wa`m˜_XLe|W[m˜Y@WjQZ[>Zj~W ¢ mBXŽ[@\.½"!À~À~¾£i m‘Yj~ZZx`{j~WX>Wmi,i WX>YZ[@\8¹D´e WX>[£e V@i|_e£»D[>WXi

jQW i|W…jQjQZ®_:Á i Z `e&_:\>n<Wmq`Êj}Ó Ô×"Ò:Ü [@\ ­_rdZX Ÿ<Z†¿‡<We©[>Z@iÊe ZYl<Ze|Yl<Z@i©Zx`Ê[>Z@i©Z@iRi|Wmvi

[}m~X:nAZX@`0Wmoe Zi.cƒ\>`)l>miv`0_:e&m~Š@\AZ"†‡:\mi™‡<Wej}m~X@`0Ze&n<ZX`m~_X—[>Z h WkLcAZev`™[>ZLyWe#monZ: p}Z:iv`ž\<X>ZˆV,`0W‡<Z

Š@\”}m~jXdZ ¢ Wx\>`{Wxci _<jq\k ZX@`”‡<W@i{X>VŸ<jm~Ÿ<Ze, ÆžXDZ ¢v¢ Zx`0†<YZ@i%WY,`m~_X<i%X}_>X@`%i WXi%[>_d\>`0Z‡<Wi!`b_d\ƒ`0Z@i%Y_>X>[@\Amq`

D[>Z@iu[>Z@iv`ev\AY,`m~_X<i[>_<Yx\AkDZX@`0Wmoe Zi, ƞXHe Zn<WX>Yl>Z"†ZjjQZ:i™_X` ¢_>e&k V.jQZ@iuZ…X<iSZkŽc<jQZ:i™[>_>X@`™i Zx\Aji[>Z:i

¢

e WŸ<k ZX@` i­X>_:\iMi _>X@`¸‡<Wen<ZX@\i|†

¢

e WŸ<k Z…X` iMi WXiº[>_:\:`0Z¥i _:\>n<ZX@`ÈY_>X>[>mq`&m˜_X>XdV@i•‡<We­j}Vx`0Wx`ÈZR`

j}_>e&Ÿ<WX>miSWx`0m~_>X3k Wx`0Ve&mQZj~jZ2[>Z@i[>_Y,\kDZX` iDÅ|\i`0ZMWxnW…X`’j˜WºtuVn<_<jq\>`m~_>X  h W­e V_>e&Ÿ<WX>mi Wx`0m~_>X3[>Z:i

We Yl>m˜nAZ:iŽ’pJjo\AX:r­X>Z¿i,}Ziv`5‡<W@iDXdVYZ:iRi|W…m~e Zk ZX@`ŒWYY_>kL‡<WŸ<X>VZ’[>Z’jQW’[>Z:iv`e\AYa`m~_>X•[>Z’Xd_kLc>e Zx\<‚

WYx`0ZiM‡<_>X@`m¢ mQYWx\<‚¶¤œZX e Zn<WX>Yl>Z"†ÉZjQjZ W ¢_>e#kŽVªjQZ:i2ZXiSZkLc<jQZdi [!}Q_:Á i _>X@`ºmi,iv\i2jQZ:iMe We Z@i

‡<We Yl>Zkˆm~Xi¸Š@\Am¶_>X@`¸iv\<evnVYx\¨Z…XË_>e&moŸ<m~X<Wj¶Zx`¸iv\<e’jQZ:i Š@\AZji¸mj

¢

Wx\>`¸i,}QW‡>‡:\<r<Zeœ‡<_:\<eÂ`0ZX@`0Zeœ[>Z

e Zx`e&_:\>n<Ze%Y…j˜W@i,i Zk ZX@` i%Zx`{Y_@`0Wa`m˜_X<i£‡<W@i,i Vi,