• Aucun résultat trouvé

Lake-level changes and hominin occupations in the arid Turkana basin during volcanic closure of the Omo River outflows to the Indian Ocean

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Lake-level changes and hominin occupations in the arid Turkana basin during volcanic closure of the Omo River outflows to the Indian Ocean"

Copied!
18
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

N=O9P B 989BQ3=729:=7C3-D1 71 7-QQ@.=4 1 -7:1 74 39=0 1 CR@0 O=7=

A=:1 7C@0 1 728-B Q=71 QQB -:@0 9-;4 39SD-T1 890-@4 U-V:4 -4 39 W 7C1 =7SQ9=7

X=81 90Y-Z:

=EA

[E\=7C0 1 79?0 =4

A

E]1 7Q974^0 0 1 231

Q

E,0 =1 2_91 A9B

CE9

EY90 9O94`=1 B 9=A

;

Ea=:-7N9V1 :

2

E\-71 =`=0 D=7C

2E3

=_097Q3b=41-7=BW7:414@49;-0?098974189^0Q3=9-B-21Q=BT9:9=0Q3EHFT@9N-@1:c=221-0171EdefGGN/-7PY0-7E_0=7Q9

A,bT\Lcb`bL\-0A-779671890:14g:E6cTKHehEc@:g9C9Bi`-DD9E?=B=1:,3=1BB-4EHK?B=Q9C@R0-Q=Cg0-EKfHHd?=01:,9C9jHdE_0=7Q9

Q_097Q3b=41-7=BW7:414@49;-0?098974189^0Q3=9-B-21Q=BT9:9=0Q3EHk0@9C@bg2-Q9EkHdfG\=174PS097:PC9Pl=D981BB9E_0=7Q9

Cm9.=04D974-;n=043=7C?B=794=0/\Q197Q9:ET@4290:671890:14/E?1:Q=4=V=/Eb9Va90:9/GIIfhE6\^

9m9.=04D974-;^7430-.-B-2/=7C,97490;-0`@D=7n8-B@41-7=0/\4@C19:ET@4290:671890:14/Eb9VY0@7:V1QOEb9Va90:9/GIeGHE6\^

;m9.=04D974-;l9-B-2/E,=0B94-7,-BB929Eb-043o9BCEcbffGfKE6\^

2R@0O=7=Y=:17W7:414@49E\4-7/Y0--O671890:14/E\4-7/Y0--OEb9Vp-0OHHKehPhkdhE6\^

3,bT\E6cTKGffE?0g31:4-10994R9Q37-B-219E671890:14g?=01:S@9:4b=749009EFH=BBg9C9Bi671890:14gEeFGFkb=749009E_0=7Q9

tuvw xyzw

W 74 39n=:4^; 0 1 Q=7T1 ; 4 E4 39V9:4 90 7D=0 21 7-;N=O9R@0 O=7=q 7-0 4 390 7{97/=s9j.-:9:c1 -P ?B 1 -P ?B 91 :4 -Q979B =O9:9C1 P D974 :V1 4 3C=4 9C8-B Q=71 Q3-0 1 |-7:Q-7:4 0 =1 71 72A=:1 7C/7=D1 Q:=44 39=:4 0 -7-D1 Q=B4 1 D9:Q=B 9>\1 7Q94 39B =4 9?B 1 -Q979E Q-=:4 =B=0 Q3=9-B -21 Q=B:1 4 9:3=89; -0 D9CV1 4 31 74 39B =Q@:4 0 1 79C/7=D1 Q:>`90 9EB =O9B 989B :=0 90 9Q-7:4 0 @Q4 9C; 0 -D F> h4 - H> Kc=@:1 72:9C1 D974 =0 /; =Q1 9:=7CV=4 90 L C9.4 3P Q-74 0 -B B 9C:9C1 D974=::-Q1 =4 1 -7>R39B =Q@:4 0 1 79:4 0 =4 1 20 =.3/1 :D9=:@0 9C V1 4 3=4 -4 =B:4 =4 1 -7E=7CQ/QB -:4 0 =4 1 20 =.3/1 :C90 1 89C; 0 -D4 9.30 -Q30 -7-B -2/>R39V=4 90C9.4 3:=0 998=B @=4 9C; 0 -D.=B 9-P Q39D1 Q=B.0 -.90 4 1 9:-;B =O9:9C1 D974 :=7=B /|9CA/1 7C@Q4 1 89B /[email protected] 9C.B =:D=-.4 1 Q=B9D1 ::1 -7:.9Q4 0 -D94 0 /=7C1 7C@QP 4 1 89B /[email protected] 9C.B =:D=D=:::.9Q4 0 -D94 0 />S@00 9Q-7:4 0 @Q4 1 -731 23B 1 234 :4 3=4N=O9R@0 O=7=0 -:9C@0 1 72HGGO=1 7:-B =4 1 -7L 9QQ974 0 1 Q1 4 /D=j1 D=.90 1 -C:1 70 9:.-7:94 -31 2390D-7:--7=B1 7.@4 :-;4 39SD-T1 890 >`-V9890 EN=O9R@0 O=7==B :- 9j.=7C9C4 30 -@23=71 7:-B =4 1 -7D1 71 D@D=4F> HK}H> efc=>R31 :=:/7Q30 -7-@:B =O9.3=:9Q-1 7Q1 C9:V1 4 38-B Q=71 QQB -:@0 9 -;4 39SD-T1 890=7CN=O9R@0 O=7=-@4 U-V:1 B B4 -4 399=:4=7C4 39W 7C1 =7SQ9=7>^7=0 Q3=9-B -21 Q=B31 =4 @:-QQ@0 :C@0 1 72 4 31 :97C-0 391 QB =O9.3=:9E=7C=B O=B 1 71 4 /1 7Q0 9=:9:=44 39A921 771 72-;4 3931 =4 @:>R39B =O90 -:9=2=1 7C@0 1 721 7:-B =4 1 -7L 9QQ974 0 1 Q1 4 /D=j1 D==4H> e}H> Kc=E=7C=79V-@4 U-V:1 B B-.979C4 -4 39V9:4=7C4 39b1 B 9A=:1 7>`-D1 71 7Q-=:4 =B-QQ@.=P 4 1 -7:0 94 @0 7C@0 1 724 31 :9j-0 391 QL ; 0 9:3V=4 90B =O9.3=:9>

~€‚xƒv„n=0 B /?B 91 :4 -Q979rN=O9R@0 O=7=r<9:4R@0 O=7=rSD-l0 [email protected]:1 4 :rb=Q3@O@1_-0 D=4 1 -7r.=B 9-B =O9:r 9QQ974 0 1 Q1 4 /r3-D1 71 798-B @4 1 -7

…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ‡…‰†

W 7n=:4^; 0 1 Q=E4 390 -B 9-;-0 A1 4 =B; -0 Q1 72-7QB 1 D=4 9Q3=7291 7 4 390 1 ; 4=7C1 4 :1 D.B 1 Q=4 1 -7:; -03-D1 71 798-B @4 1 -70 9D=1 7 31 23B /C9A=4 9Cq C9c97-Q=B EFGGhr^:3B 9/EFGGKrR0 =@4 3 94=B > EFGGKrc=:B 1 794=B > EFGHfr,@4 3A90 494=B > EFGHKr:99=B :- Y930 97:D9/90 FGGdŽ EY-779oB B 9 FGHGŽ E=7CN981 7 FGHfŽ

; -0.=B 9-QB 1 D=4 9-;9=0 B /3@D=798-B @4 1 -7s >S8904 39B =:4 C9Q=C9E.=B 9-QB 1 D=4 1 Q=7C.=B 9-3/C0 -B -21 Q3/.-4 39:9:3=89 A997C989B -.9C7-4-7B /; 0 -D C1 :4 =74C99.P :9=:9C1 D974 Q-0 9:q C9c97-Q=B EFGGhs EA@4=B :-; 0 -D.=B 9-B =O99j.-:@0 9:

D@Q3QB -:904 -3-D1 71 7; -::1 B:1 4 9:q R0 =@4 394=B > EFGGfEFGGKE FGHGrm91 7-94=B > EFGGdr^:3B 9/EFGGKs >W 74 31 :Q-74 9j4 E 0 9Q-0 C:; 0 -D:9890 =B9.1 :-C9:-;B =0 29EC99.B =O9:3=89A997

=7=B /|9C; 0 -D 4 39?B 1 -P ?B 91 :4 -Q9791 7R=7|=71 =En4 31 -.1 =E

=7C{97/=E; -Q@:1 72-74 39-QQ@0 0 97Q9-;C1 =4 -D1 4 9:=B -72 4 39n=:4^; 0 1 Q=7T1 ; 4q R0 =@4 394=B > EFGGfEFGGKs >R39:9 .=B 9-B =O9:V-@B C3=89A9970 9B =4 1 89B /:/7Q30 -7-@:=7C Q-74 0 -B B 9CA/.90 1 -C1 Q=0 1 CL 3@D1 C:31 ; 4 :C0 1 897A/=FkO=

.0 9Q9::1 -7=B1 7:-B =4 1 -7Q/QB 9>nj4 0 9D9=0 1 CL 3@D1 C:31 ; 4 : V-@B C3=89-QQ@0 0 9C9890 /hGGO=E1 70 9:.-7:94 -n=0 4 3i : 9QQ974 0 1 Q1 4 / D1 71 D=L D=j1 D=>Y9; -0 9F> Kc=E9j4 97:1 89 C99.P V=4 90B =O9:V-@B C3=89A997Q974 90 9C-74 39hGGO=

Q-D.-7974-;4 399QQ974 0 1 Q1 4 /Q/QB 9>^; 4 90F> Kc=EC99.

.=B 9-B =O9:V-@B C3=89=..9=0 9C9890 /IGGO=‘-7B /EV1 4 3 .90 1 -C:-;.0 9Q9::1 -7=B B /; -0 Q9C9j4 0 9D9=0 1 CL 3@D1 CQB 1 D=4 9

[,-009:.-7C172=@43-0=4J_097Q3b=41-7=BW7:414@49;-0?098974189

^0Q3=9-B-21Q=BT9:9=0Q3EHFT@9N-@1:c=221-0171EdefGGN/-7PY0-7E _0=7Q9>nPD=1B=CC09::Jj=8190>A-9:’170=.>;0qX>Y-Z:s>

(2)

012 3 143 5 3 6 78 92 1*6 +,615 - ./0012 -9+*3.2 ,4,563756 +,3,35 3 567 3 585 16,5 ,0,54+158,36 945 3 :16 ,15;+9:3 53 5,095 *6 3 95+10,

<2 9<93,;6 +,=<*5 3,;45 3 :16 ,012 3 143 5 3 6 7+7<96 +,33 3>8 ?135 3 5 ,615 - ./0@A./0@B2 -C 56 +3 3:9;,5 .141*3,7 ,D D ,462 ,5 16 3 953+3 <

3 3,36 145 3 3+,;4,6 E,,5,F6 2 ,:,12 3 ;6 9+*:3 ;45 3 :16 ,3E3 583 15;+9:3 53 5,095 *6 3 95@- GH@- 1?1189.3 52 ,3<953,6 9I12 6 +J 3 ,44,56 2 3 43 6 7:1F3 :18 ?135 3 5,615 - ./0@A./0@B2 -K<<5 3 ,;3 5 6 +,9*2 61514133 5.16,74133 5D 92+9:3 53 5944*<16 3 953 3 5I136KD 2 3 41.6 +3 3+7<96 +,33 3E9*5 ;3*88,366 +16L16, 9*2 6151J 35 ,0,5 34+158,;3 52 ,3<953,6 9,F6 2 ,:,45 3 :16 , 3+3 D 6 3;*2 3 586 +,,12 5 7M5 ,3 36 94,5,-N9E,0,2 .L16,9*2 61513 3 145 93,;O 6 ,2 :3 5155 16,6 +16D 92 :,;4713*44,333 959D:1P 92 095 4153 4,0,56 36 +162 ,92 8153 Q,;6 +,R:9S3 0,2;2 13 518, 4133 5166 +166 3 :,8 N13 5 ,14,615 - ./00ATU2 *+5,615 - ./0@@2 - 9+,2 ,D 92 ,.3 649*5 ;4,,F<,46 ,;6 +166 +3 35 16,3+9*5 ;2 ,3<95;

596955 76 992 43 6 1545 3 :16 ,D 92 43 58133*88,36 ,;47?135 3 5 ,615 -8 /0@A2 .4*615 396 92 ,83 95156 ,46 9597 095 4153 4146 3 03 6 7-

VWXWYZ[\]^_ W[` a bWX

9+,3 56 ,569D6 +3 312 6 3 45 ,3 3D 9*2 D 95 ;c8 @26 9,36 145 3 3+45 ,12 5 76 +, 4+2 9595 9879D5 16,5 ,0,54+158,33 56 +,9*2 61514133 5;*2 3 58 6 +,,12 5 7M5 ,3 36 94,5,T8 /26 92 ,,015 *16 ,6 +,2 95 ,9D92 43 6 15 D 92 43 58955 16,5 ,0,54+158,3T8 d26 9,36 3 :16 ,6 +,4956 2 3 4*6 3 95 9D6 ,46 9597 095 4153 3:6 9133 :<5 ,2136 2 959:3 415:9;*5 16 3 95 9D6 +,,12 5 7M5 ,3 36 94,5,5 16,5 ,0,54+158,3T15;8 A2 .1D 6 ,2

<5 143 586 +,,095 *6 3 959DL16,9*2 61513 56 93 6 32 ,83 9515 +7;2 9095 4153 44956 ,F6 .6 9;3 34*336 +,2 ,5 16 3 953+3 <34,6 E,,5 5 16,5 ,0,54+158,315;+9:3 53 5944*<16 3 953.E3 6 +13<,43 15 ,:<+133 3956 +,,095 *6 3 959D+7;2 95 983 4495;3 6 3 953-

efghiVjklm n\WnoZpYqY^YXa q

9+,9*2 61514133 53 35 9416 ,;E3 6 +3 56 +,I136KD 2 3 415S3 D 6 r736 ,: 8 IKSr2166 +,P *546 3 959D6 E9*<5 3 D 6 ,;Q95,3.6 +, I6 +3 9<3 15;9:,8 s@t00:215;6 +,u,5715;9:,8 s@000:T v3 8-@2 .3 56 +,;,,<,363,8:,569D6 +,u,57152 3 D 68 wB00:2 - 9+3 33,;3 :,56 12 74133 5+13144*:*5 16 ,;15 12 8,1:9*569D 5 14*36 2 3 5,6 9095 4153 4;,<933 6 3E3 6 +3 513,2 3 ,39D33 F+15 D 7 82 14,538 x*56,5 :15,615 - .@Gtt233 54,6 +,D 92 :16 3 959D6 +, IKSrd0?11898 y+92 9E3 4Q./00B2 -9+,z2 36<15 ,95 16,3 E,2 ,3 53 6 3 16 ,;3 56 +,E,369D6 +,4133 5;*2 3 586 +,5 16 , R5 3 894,5,6 9,12 5 7?3 94,5,8 y+92 9E3 4Q./00B2 -9+,M5 3 97 M5 ,3 36 94,5,;,<933 6 3;,z5,;136 +,R:9{2 9*<3 545 *;,6 +,

|14+*6*3 .u9943v92 1.15;r+*58*2 1v92 :16 3 9538 ;,N,3 5Q,5 3 5.

@Gtd2 -RD6 +,3,.6 +,|14+*6*3v92 :16 3 95956 +,E,36 ,2 5 33 ;,9D6 +,4133 5,F<93,36 +,:9364956 3 5*9*33,}*,54,9D 3,;3 :,56 36 +1612 ,<2 3 :12 3 5 74956 2 95 5 ,;472 3 D 6 7 5 16,:12 83 5

;751:3 43E3 6 +~G00: 9D4*:*5 16 3 0,36 2 16 18 N12 2 3 3,615 - .

@GttTU2 9E515;?4x9*815 5 ./0@@2 -9+3 33,;3 :,56<14618, ,F6 ,5;3D 2 9: ~A- B6 90- 1?1E3 6 +59:1P 9281<.15;6 +, 4+2 95936 2 16 3 82 1<+73 349536 2 13 5,;47

A0

K2 O

dG

K22 1;3 9:,6 2 3 4

;16 3 589D095 4153 46 *D D 38 N12 2 3 3,615 - .@GttTv,3 4,5,615 - .

@GtGT?4x9*815 515;U2 9E5./00tTU2 9E515;?4x9*815 5 .

/0@@T3,,15 39?4x9*815 5,615 - /0@/€D 926 +,492 2 ,5 16 3 953 4,6 E,,56 +,095 4153 46 *D D 36 +2 9*8+9*66 +,R:97 9*2 6151 4133 515;U2 9E5,615 - @GG/€D 926 +,492 2 ,5 16 3 953E3 6 + 6 *D D 3D 2 9: 6 +,{*5 D9DK;,5215;:185,6 936 2 16 3 82 1<+3 4 36 *;3 ,38 N3 5 5 +9*3,,615 - .@G11.@GtTL,<2 ,15;u,56 ./0@0T L,<2 ,,615 - ./0@@2 -U13,;956 +,6 ,<+2 936 2 16 3 82 1<+7.,3 8+6 8,95 983 4:,:4,2 3+10,4,,5;,5 3 :3 6 ,;33 54,6 +,@Gt03 8 N12 2 3 3,615 - .@GttT3,,15 39?4x9*815 5,615 - ./0@/2 c L957*:*58 sAHd- G1?12 .u16 14938 d- G1Hd- AA?12 .L9:,6E3 8 d- AAH/- Bd?12 .L9615 15 ,38 /- BdH/- dd?12 .u15 94+92 98 /- ddH

@- t1?12 .u13 6 3 9 8 @- t1H@- B?12 .|16 99 8 @- BH@- d?12 .15;

|12 3 9696 9:,8 @- dH0- 1?12 -9+,|14+*6*3v92 :16 3 9515 39 3 545 *;,36 +,K<168 sA- //?12 .?*2 *95892 38 ~A?12 .15;

u13 7*:*58 8 d- GHd- 0?12:,:4,2 3 8 3,, v,3 4,5 ./00dT U2 9E515;?4x9*815 5 ./0@@2 -9+,8,95 9879D6 +,:,:4,2 3 ,F<2 ,33,35 12 8,7 3415 ,;,<933 6 315;4133 5;751:3 438 N12 2 3 3 ,615 - .@Gtt2 -

‚ƒ„Z][… a †Y` a [[]q` W‡`]ˆ‰YpWnoZpYqY

C 56 +,9*2 61514133 5.6 +,L16,9*2 6151;2 13 518,4133 5 8 @d0. 0006:

/

Tv3 8-@2944*<3 ,36 E90,2 74956 2 136 ,;+7;2 97 45 3 :16 3 4Q95,3c6 +,12 3 ;7 +969*2 61515 9E5 15;38 wB00:,6 ,2 3 1490,3,15 ,0,5 :135 € Twd00::O 729D<2 ,43 <3 6 16 3 95T:,15 155*156 ,:<,2 16 *2 ,9Dd0ŠyTL3 ,5,615 - .@Gtt215;6 +, 6 2 9<3 415 7 +*:3 ; I6 +3 9<3 15 +3 8+5 15;3 8 s@B00: 135 T s@B00::O 729D<2 ,43 <3 6 16 3 95T:,15155*156 ,:<,2 16 *2 ,9D

@GŠyTR5 161,615 - ./0@02 -C 54956 2 1366 96 +,6 2 9<3 415:957 39951545 3 :16 ,3 56 +,I6 +3 9<3 15+3 8+5 15;3.6 +,9*2 61515 9E7 5 15;3+10,1;,3,2 645 3 :16 ,14492 ;3 58 6 9 6 +,u‹<<,5 45 1333 z416 3 958 BB0415 O 4:

/

O ;TM,,5,615 - ./0012 -9+,9*2 6151 5 9E5 15;3+10,4,,549536 156 5 712 3 ;;*2 3 586 +,<136A:3 5 5 3 95 728 M133,7,615 - ./0@02 -9+,2 ,83 951512 3 ;3 6 7E133 53 6 3 16 ,;

~@0?1189.33 54,6 ,46 953 4*<5 3 D 69DI136KD 2 3 4142 ,16 ,;1 6 9<982 1<+3 4412 2 3 ,2D 9216 :93<+,2 3 443 2 4*5 16 3 9515;<2 ,7 43 <3 6 16 3 958 r,<*5 4+2 ,,615 - ./002 -C 56 +3 392 982 1<+3 44956 ,F6 . 6 +,5 9E7 5 ,0,59*2 6151P ,6<2 9;*4,3<16 6 ,2 539D;,34,5;3 5813 2 6 +16,5+154,12 3 ;3 6 73 56 +,9*2 6151;,<2 ,333 958 92 982 1<+3 4 4+155,5 3 58,D D ,46 T|3 4+95 395./0@2 -

K5 6 +9*8+L16,9*2 61513 35 9416 ,;E3 6 +3 56 +,12 3 ;7 +96 9*2 615145 93,;;,<2 ,333 95.3 63 36 +,5 12 8,365 16,8 1B006:

/

23 5 1512 3 ;,503 2 95:,56956 +,<5 15,68 U5 93Q3 ,315;v92 :15.

/0@B2 -9+,5 16,3 3/06:5 9584*610,2 18,3955 7d0:;,<6 +.

E3 6 +1:1F3 :*:9D@@0:-99;17.L16,9*2 61513 36 ,2 :3 515 O ,5;92 +,3 4E3 6 +599*6 Œ9E 6 96 +,C 5;3 15R4,1592?,;3 7 6 ,2 2 15,15r,18 03 16 +,|3 5 ,4133 52 -9+*3.6 +,,F3 36 ,54,9D6 +3 3 5 12 8,45 93,;3 56 ,2 3 924133 55 16,;,<,5;315 :93649:<5 ,6 ,5 795 3 5Œ9E3D 2 9:6 +,6 2 9<3 415I6 +3 9<3 15+3 8+5 15;3ct06 9G09D D 2 ,3+E16 ,23 5Œ9E3 33*<<5 3 ,;476 +,<,2 ,553 15R:9S3 0,2 - 9+,96 +,2:13 56 2 3 4*6 12 3 ,312 ,6 +,3 56 ,2 :3 6 6 ,569*2 6E,515;

u,2 3 9S3 0,2 38 39*6 +,2 54133 5Tv3 8-@2 .E+3 4+<2 903 ;,6 +,96 +,2

@0 6 9/0 8 U5 93Q3 ,315;v92 :15./0@B2 -C D6 +,;2 13 518,

4133 5E132 ,36 2 3 46 ,;6 96 +,9*2 6E,515;u,2 3 9.6 +,2 ,E9*5 ;

4,59<,2 :15,565 16,3 56 +,12 3 ;9*2 6151;,<2 ,333 95-

U,41*3,6 +,R:9S3 0,2;2 13 518,4133 5,5;33 5L16,9*2 6151

6 9;17.6 +,:9;,2 55 16,,}*3 5 3 42 16 ,34,6 E,,5D 2 ,3+E16 ,2

(3)

0 1234 56 7 89 4 *+,98-0 .+7/ 01229

3

4 5560 +1+478 9 5:;<<=

71>+.7287 74 0 81834 234 5/ ?9 1@39 194 A7 B60 +1+478 9 5:;<<= 9 C*+8 7D+E74 +70 54 *+7 +6 87 +F37 7 +14 8 A78 D78 0 1+/ ?:@3G9+H4 6B 60 +1+478 9 5:;<<B,8 7I871>,>7>75:;;JB5++78 58K+7 8 0 1I5 :;L;= 5E0 4 *798>+7 74 +578 0 10 4 A4 C84 78M0 5588 .+>N88 0 >5 / ?122229BO37 +4 0 F*71>K+7 8 0 1I5:;<3= 9

PQRSTUTVTW XYW TSXZ

[78 +88 7D+5*7.+\3F4 374 +>324 8]:2297^8.+4 *+98>+7 1 8 +.+8/ 3J29758 = 527 8.0 >0 1I+.0 >+1F+6 87*A>7 88 8I0 F*0 54 87 A 4 *740 5+_F+24 0 81786 87`754a6 7 0 F7/ b78 6 9715:;<LB,8 7D7 +478 9 5?2:2Bc77 F0 1+478 9 5?2:?= 9,14 *+E+54 +7 1977 I0 1864 *+

C37 D717^750 1554 7 74 0 I7 72*0 F+.0 >+1F+868 7D+\3F4 374 0 8150 5

6 831> E0 4 *0 1 4 *+d7F*3D30e87 974 0 81 74 fgG@39 ;;h7 / 681A393167D+2*75+Be+0 ^+8 5?2::= Bi39 14 839 3h7 / 68D8F*8467D+2*75+Be+0 ^+8 5?2::= Bi39 :1h7/ j77 367D+

2*75+Be+0 ^+8 5?2::= Bi?9 1h7/ 68D+7 0 >+>+67D+2*75+B e+0 ^+8 5:;;L= B?9 G4 8?9 3h7/ k8D0 5+8 +067D+2*75+B4 *0 5 54 3>A= B?9 ?1@?9 ?h7/ d7537 767D+2*75+B4 *0 554 3>A= B?9 :L4 8 i:9 ;1h7/ 27 +@687 +1A71I67D+2*75+B4 *0 554 3>A= Bi:9 ;14 8 i:9 LJh7/ 687 +1A71I67D+2*75+B4 *0 554 3>A= Bi:9 :@29 ;h7 / N0 8 ^867D+2*75+Be+0 ^+8 5:;;L= 9h854864 *+>+2850 4 0 8178 +1.0 7 819+14 50 1E+54C37 D717722+774 8^+7 +8 74 +>4 84 *+5+

278 +88 7D+5A54 +95571>.+7 A6 +E 77 +\3.0 7871>4 +7 7 +54 7 0 78 5+15354 7 0 F4 8B589+8 7F354 7 0 1+F77 ^8174 +5^+F79+l2+>8m I+10 Fn6 88 8 8E0 1I+_28537 +9o 14 *+7 0 6 47_0 55278 +88 7D+8 +.+8 5 / 278 +85*87 +8 0 1+5=77 +>+6 87 9+>^A4 +F4 810 F55^34278 +88 7D+

\3F4 374 0 81577 +E+8 8+_27 +55+>^A4 *+54 7 74 0 I7 72*0 F5+H3+1F+5 8686 6 5*87 +55*87 +6 7F+5^+7F*6 7F+571>^7FD5*87 +5A54 +95 / 5++d34 p+478 9 5?2:LBNF*354 +771>d34 p5?2:<= 9

qYW rTUs rrW YZQRXYtuTSXPQRSTUT

C+F4 810 F571>.88 F710 59*7.+28 7A+>710 9287 4 7147 88 +0 14 *+

7 +87 I710 p74 0 8186[78 +88 7D+C37 D71771>278 +8@,98-0 .+7 834 \8E 5A54 +95/ 5++b70 8 +7^+478 9 5?22GBc74 *8I8+478 9 5

?22<B,2>AD++478 9 5?2:2Bv7 3*1+478 9 5?2::= 9v+6 87 + G9 1h754 *+,98m C37 D717>7 70 17I+5A54 +9 *7>7187 4 *+7 1 834 8 +4F*711+84 84 *+E+5471>4 *+h+>0 4 +7 7 71+71N+7/ b70 m 8 +7^+478 9 5?22GBv7 3*1+478 9 5?2::= 9C*0 5834 8 +4F*711+8E75 F3486 6^A53^50 >+1F+71>4 *+6 87 974 0 818678 8E+75834 *m +754 +7 1834 \8E50 8 84 84 *+o 1>0 71,F+71/ 4 *+b80F*711+8 B5++

v7 3*1+478 9 5?2::= 9a6 4 +739 ;1h754 *+5834 *+754 +7 1834 8 +4 F*711+8E7527 8^7^8 A 7 +8 8F74 +> 187 4 * 86680 A71I78 710 / 5834 *+754 +7 1+1>864 *+8 7D+=^+F735+864 *++7 324 0 815864 *+

c89^+v7578 4 574G9 1@39 ;1h7/ v7 3*1+478 9 5?2::= 9e7 89?9 1 4 8?h7553FF+550 .+F*711+8834 8 +47 834 +56 87 9+>^+4 E++14 *+

5834 *+754 +7 1+1>864 *+8 7D+71>4 *++14 7 71F+4 84 *+98>+7 1 K*78 ^0>+5+7 4 9,34 \8E54 84 *+o 1>0 71,F+71E+7 +w178 8 AF34 86 6^A5+.+7 78+7 324 0 815868 7.7\8E5/ 6+1>+7 0 4 5h77 57^0 4 5 71>v78 8Be0 I9:=6 7 89?9 ?4 8:9 <h7/ b70 8 +7^+478 9 5?22GB v7 3*1+478 9 5?2::= 9N0 1F+4 *+w178F8 8537 +864 *+5834 *+7 1 7 834 +4 84 *+o 1>0 71,F+715834 \8E54 84 *+d0 8 +^750 1E+7 + 4 +9287 77 0 8 A82+14 *+7 +76 4 +7/ +9 I9 5>37 0 1I4 *+a6 7 0 F71b390 >

[+7 0 8>8 7D+*0 I*54 71>Bc77 F0 1+478 9 5?2:?= 9

xYys Us UrYTZz TWYrrQVTz s YUZ

o 14 *+E+54 +7 150 >+8667D+C37 D71754 *+d7F*3D30e87 974 0 81 0 57D+Aw+8 >537 .+A77 +7^+F735+0 4+_285+51+77 8 AF81m 4 0 1383554 7 74 0 I7 72*0 F5+H3+1F+586278 +88 7D+977 I0 1>+2850 4 5 78 81IE0 4 *139+7 8357558F0 74 +>77 F*7+88 8I0 F7850 4 +56 7 894 *+

8 74 +[8 0 8F+1+71>+77 8 A[8 +0 54 8F+1+/ k0 ^31{ 0 7+478 9 5:;;?B k0 ^31{ 0 75:;;GB-8F*++478 9 5:;;;5?223B[7 74+478 9 5?2235

?221BC0 +7 F+8 0 1+478 9 5?2:2Bb77 971>+478 9 5?2:1= 9M+520 4 + 4 *+d7F*3D30e87 974 0 81>+2850 4 5^+0 1I9854 8 A7 +8 74 +>4 8 53^7H3+835+1.0 7 819+14 554 *+139^+78677 F*7+88 8I0 F7850 4 +5 0 5*0 I*/ -8F*++478 9 5?223=^+F735+867F3938 74 0 .++6 6 +F486

*890 10 18FF3274 0 81578 81I5*0 6 4 0 1I5*87 +8 0 1+55E*0 F*78 58

|}~ |€ | |‚

‚~ƒ

€

„

…

†‡ˆ‰Šˆ‹ŒŽ‡

‘’‘Šˆ‹ŒŽ‡

“”Ž‘•‹‘’‘Šˆ

“‘–—Šˆ•˜

™Ž‹š›

œ”žŸ‡—‹š›  ˆ¡‘‡ˆ”¢—Ÿ‹‡

£ˆ•‘Šˆ‹™¡‡Šˆ

†‡‘‹š›

¤‹†”—Š—

…›…¥…‹¤Š

¦‡ˆ•‡‘‹§Š˜Š—

¨©ª«¬­¬®‹¯°

± }±‹žŽ

ƒ

¦Š’”‹Šˆ–‡

¦Šž‡‹œ”žŠˆŠ

 ˆ¡‘‡ˆ

”¢—Ÿ

‹‡‹

ƒ‘—‡‹§Š˜‘ˆ  ‘•‹œ”žŠˆŠ

¦Ÿ—Šˆ•˜

²|€±‹Ž³

¦Šž‡‹œ”žŠˆŠ

´«¬¨µ¬©‹¯°

·±±‹Ž

ޏ‰

·|±±‹ŽŽ¸‰

¹º}±±‹ŽŽ¸‰

­»»¼®‹¯»©‹¯°

½s ¾QRX¿À/ F88 87818 0 1+=h72864 *+,98m C37 D717>7 70 17I+^750 1 / >75*+>8 0 1+5=5*8E0 1I4 *+8 8F74 0 81864 *+I+88 8I0 FF7 8555+F4 0 81 / 7 +>^77 =6 874 *+54 7 74 0 I7 72*0 F0 14 +7 .78^+4 E++1?9 G71>:9 L?h7 27 +5+14 +> 0 1 e0 I37 +5? 71> 39C*+>7 70 17I+^831>77 0 +571>

+8 +.74 0 81E+7 +F78 F38 74 +>6 7 89 c8 8^78h38 4 0 m 7 +588 34 0 81C+7 7 70 1

`8 +.74 0 81M74 7?2:2/ chC`M?2:2BM710 +8 58171>c+5F*5?2::= 9

(4)

0 1234 5678 9 50 34 *19 8 3+,4 3-577579 .4 3/0.9 8 *51 0 349 .50532 3 308 --3+9 549 575563-.55913 7 589995:;;<=>4 195913 7 5:;;<5 :;;?=@8 54 -53 8 +5913 7 5:;8;=A14 *1+65913 7 5:;8?B 7@./759 .8 7 4 508 3+8 71+8 *,34 9 1+9,8 5-5309 .5,/CC3 58 +9 54 *730.3*8 +8 + D5.128 34 135233 /9 8 3+E9 .5514 3 8 579F+3G+F+1,,5679 3+514 9 8 2 0 1-9 714 50 3/+619<7 <H119I3*5FG8<1 A14 *1+65913 7 5 :;8?=I5G8 71+6A14 *1+65:;8JB 5514 3 KL3 63G1+79 3+5 14 9 8 0 1-9 714 50 3/+619I3F13 13 5881+6:M19:7 <NH11 O8 D/+P 8 15 899N=63-.55913 7 58999=Q53 10+571+663-.55:;;?B 51+6 9 .5514 3 8 579F+3G+R-.5/3 51+D8 0 1-573--/419O3F8 753 58N 1987 SJH11 I5,4 55913 7 5:;88B 7

@.5T1-./F/8U34 *19 8 3+13 73,4 328 6579 .5.8 0.579+/*D54 30.3*8 +8 +7,5-8 570 4 3*9 .5L*3V4 3/,57.5668 +03 8 0.93+

F5KW/579 8 3+70 34./*1+5233 /9 8 3+1+668 7,54 7131 57 07 5X4 3G+

5913 7 589Y?=Z13 F545913 7 589YJ=X4 3G+1+6U58 D53 589YY=

I51F5K1+6Z13 F54 589YY=Z13 F541+6I51F5K5899<=X4 3G+

5913 7 5:;;8=I51F5K5913 7 5:;;8=>4 195913 7 5:;;?B 7[ +65565 75254 130 3778 368 7-3254 8 57*1658 +Z579@/4 F1+1.125-.1+2 056,4 528 3/7,.K3 305+8 571+68 65171D3/9.3*8 +8 +5233 /9 8 3+

1 \]^_ `ab cde _ fgh]^5ia`aj_ f`cd]^51+6514 3 Kkclc3 8 +51057=

755557 07 5Z3361+6M3+79 1+9 8 +35:;;S=Z3361+6I51F5K5 :;88=75513 73U58 D535913 7m 89Y9n0 349 .579 4 19 8 04 1,.8 --3+9 549 300 3778 3 7B 7Z5-1+*5+9 8 3+50 34541*,3 559 .57,5-8 *5+7 OTH2 Z@ N;;;; 1 ogjpaj_ f`cd]^db a_ pcd^=<7 ?q<7 :H1=

I51F5K 5913 7 5:;;8B 5OTH2 Z@ 8S;;; 1 ia`aj_ f`cd]^

ag_ fe cde h]^=:7 ?H1=Z13 F545913 7 589YJB 5OTH2 Z@N:S8Y 1 514 3 Kkclc=:7 Nq:7 <H1=>4 195913 7 5:;;?B 51+6OTH2 Z@

8?;;;1 kclcg`gh_ ]^r g`sa^_ g`=87 Jq87 ?H1=Z13 F541+6 I51F5K5899<B 7M3*,14 19 8 253 K59 .5t:7 ?q:H1F5K8 +9 54 2138 + .3*8 +8 +5233 /9 8 3+8 7+39G53 354,3756u ,4 5754 2568 +9 .5O33D8 U34 1U34 *19 8 3+3+9 .55179 54 +78 65309 .5D178 +7

vwxyz{w|w}~vyx€~

‚ ƒ „… †‡ˆƒ ‚ †‰

X5-1/75309 .59 8 *5,54 8 36308 +9 54 5791 514 3 K>3 58 79 3-5+55233 /2 9 8 3+30I1F5@/4 F1+1B 5G5.125-3+-5+9 4 19 563/4Š53 67/4 25K7 3+9 .5O13 3-.34 3H5*D54309 .5T1-./F/8U34 *19 8 3+1 :7 <<q 87 YSH1B [email protected]/,,54I3F13 13 58H5*D54.1713 73D55+7/4 25K56 9 3549 5+63/44 5-3+79 4 /-9 8 3+/,9 3:7 NH1517G53 3179 .53 3G54 O18 9 8 3H5*D54 50 349 .579 4 19 8 04 1,.8 -8 +9 54 213D59 G55+87 YS1+6 t87 [email protected] 779 4 19 8 04 1,.8 -8 +9 54 2138 +-3 /6570 3/4233 -1+8 - 9 5,.4 19 .19.125D55+8 65+9 8 Š561+64 168 3*59 4 8 -13 3 K619 5678 +-5 9 .589Y;71 A14 4 8 75913 7 589YY=U58 D535913 7 589Y9=H-Q3/013 3 1+6X4 3G+5:;;Y=X4 3G+1+6H-Q3/013 3 5:;88=H-Q3/013 3 5913 7 5:;8:B E9 .5O3F8 753 58@/0 01 :7 N‹;7 ;?H1B8 754,375619 9 .5 9 3, 309 .5 I3F13 13 58H5*D54 =9 .5 O13 3-.34 3 @/0 0 1 :7 <<‹;7 ;:H1B1+6@/0 0V1 :7 :SH1‹;7 ;NH1B14 554,3756 199 .5D175309 .5O13 3-.34 3H5*D54 =1+69 .5OXŒ1 O1KX5.2 4 5+7*5K54@/0 0 B@/0 01 87 YS‹;7 ;:H1B8 70 3/+6199 .5D17530 9 .5O18 9 8 3H5*D54 7[ +9 .8 79 5,.4 379 4 19 8 04 1,.8 --3+9 549 59 G3 L3 63G1+14 -.1533 308 -1378 9 5-3*,3 54575O3F8 753 581+6T17/4 1 1 63-.55913 7 5:;;<=A14 *1+65913 7 5*1+/7-4 8 ,98 +,4 5,14 19 8 3+B 5 .125D55+8 +9 5+78 253 K7/4 25K561+654-1219 56D59 G55+:;8;

1+6:;8SDK9 .5Z579@/4 F1+1R4 -.1533 308 -13>4 3P 5-91 Z@R>B 7

„†… †Ž‚ ‡‘’„“

U33 3 3G8 +09 .50533 308 -*5*D54 75G5.125579 1D3 8 7.561 0533 308 -75-9 8 3+1-4 3779 .5/,,54I3F13 13 58 5O13 3-.34 351+6 3 3G54O18 9 8 3H5*D54 71 U8 077:5<B [email protected] 308 -75-9 8 3+

D508 +7G8 9 .9 .5O3F8 753 58@/0 0191+53 5219 8 3+30N8S*1+6 5+6719NN:*7Œ9 4 19 8 04 1,.8 -13 3 K59 .575-9 8 3+5+67t8?*

D53 3G9 .5OXŒD5+9 3+8 9 59 .19653 8 *8 9 79 .5O13 3-.34 3u O18 9 8 3 H5*D54D3/+614 K7U349 .579 4 19 8 04 1,.8 -8 +9 54 213308?*

D53 3G1+6:N* 1D3259 .5OXŒ53/4-4 37775-9 8 3+8 7-3*2 ,3 59 56DK9 .1930T/9 C5913 71 :;8SB 5G.8 -..17D55+579 1D2 3 8 7.568 +9 .5-3+9 8 +/19 8 3+303/475-9 8 3+/,9 3NJ<*[email protected] 79 4 19 8 04 1,.8 -8 +9 54 213308?*D53 3G9 .5OXŒ8 7-.14 1-9 54 8 C56 DK30 0 7.34 5*/6751+69 .57568 *5+9 7:N*1D32514 5*379 3 K

*14 F56DK7.34 50 1-53+-33 8 9 52 4 8 -.78 3 9 K2 71+670 4 3*9 .55+630 I34 5+K1+0I1F5,.1751 755T/9 C5913 7 5:;8SB [email protected] 308 - 75-9 8 3+-1+D53D754 25613 3+09 .5O3F8 753 585,.5*54 13 79 4 51* 1 D175EN”;7 89S• T5<?”NS7 9NJ• –=9 3,EN”;7 <YS• T5

<?”NJ7 YJ<• –=ZVŒYNB [email protected] 3,309 .575-9 8 3+0 4 3*T/9 C5913 7 1 :;8SB8 73 3-19 56199 .5O3F8 753 583 3-13 8 9 K1 9 3,EN”;7 <;S• T5

<?”NJ7 ?8Y• –=ZVŒYNB 7

x†ƒ ˆ…ƒ ˆƒ ‚ †‰‘’„“

@.5*59 .361,,3 8 569 3-14 4 K3/99 .50533 308 --4 37775-9 8 3+8 7 9 .54 3/9 8 +0*59 .367/,,34 9 56DK9 .5*59 .36304 168 19 8 3+G8 9 . 19 39 1379 19 8 3+1 *517/4 51+03 51+668 79 1+-59 351-.0 519 /4 5=—5

˜5™309 .57/4 25K56,38 +9 75I58 -1@Œ;J9 39 1379 19 8 3+B [email protected] 4 3/9 8 +08 74 5,4 575+9 568 +9 .5,3 1+171D4 3F5+,33 K03+133 8 +58 + G.8 -.9 .5*/9 /13,378 9 8 3+309 .5,38 +9 78 7659 54 *8 +56DK

*517/4 8 +09 .568 79 1+-57D59 G55+9 .5D4 51F8 +0,38 +9 71+6DK

*517/4 8 +09 .51+03 578 +9 .5D4 51F8 +0,38 +9 7309 .5,33 K03+13 4 3/9 [email protected] 3/9 8 +07/,,37579 .58 +-4 5175309 .50536578 -+59 2 G34 F9 3659 54 *8 +59 .5659 18 3,38 +9-334 68 +19 578 +9 .5Š53 [email protected] 8 +-4 5175309 .50536578 -+59 G34 FG1763+5DK659 54 *8 +8 +09 .5 -334 68 +19 573073*5,38 +9 79 .19D5-3*59 .5*18 +53 5*5+9 730 9 .59 3,304 1,.8 -7/4 [email protected]*18 +53 5*5+9 714 5233 -1+8 -D567 1+63 1F57568 *5+97/--5778 3+77R,13 533 1F5,.1758 765Š+5617 1-3+0 34 *1D3 57/--5778 3+3005+59 8 -13 3 K4 53 19 56D56758 +-3 /62 8 +071+61+6,5DD3 571 .8 0.2 5+54 0Kš/28 33 1-/79 4 8 +565,378 9 7=

š3368 +07/4 0 1-5B =71+671 .8 0.2 5+54 0K65,378 9 7u 0 34 57.34 57K72 9 5*B =71+671+67.53 3 71 .8 0.2 5+54 0KG125765,378 9 7u D51-.0 1-5 7K79 5*=755T/9 C5913 7 5:;8S=Œ-./79 541+6T/9 C5:;8YB = .3*305+53/7-3 1K71 254 K3 3G2 5+54 0K3 1F565,378 9 7u 30 0 7.34 5 7K79 5*B =D8 39 /4 D19 5678 3 9 7G8 9 .G1254 8 ,,3 53 1*8 +19 8 3+71 3 3G2 5+54 0K3 1F565,378 9 7u 3 3G547.34 50 1-57K79 5*B =-4 3772 D56656 78 3 9 79 3*568 /*71+61 3 3G29 3.8 0.2 5+54 0K3 1F565,378 9 7u /,,54 7.34 50 1-57K79 5*B [email protected] 9 3*1+69 3,3051-.7K79 5*.125 D55+*517/4 56G8 9 .9 .59 39 1379 19 8 3+1 U8 07:B 7

„†‡›‘†‰†… †Ž“

@.5053-.4 3+33 30K8 7579 1D3 8 7.56/78 +09 .5,4 3P 5-9 8 3+309 .5

233 -1+8 -9 /0 0 78 +9 .579 4 19 8 04 1,.K17*517/4 56DK9 .59 39 13

79 19 8 3+1 U8 077<5NB [email protected] -1+8 -9 /0 0 7G54 53 3-19 561+6

71*,3 5651+69 .58 4V>Œ-334 68 +19 57G54 5-3*,14 569 371*2

,3 571+13 KC561+68 65+9 8 Š56DKA18 3 51D1 899?B199 .571*5

(5)

0 1230 4 5 4 6789*6+10 23,4 2-6.75 *3521/ / 6701,.5 15 *6123 211/ .4 ,35 67145 *64 .6,5 4 56.-6.73/ 66174 760 64 8630 12*1/ 18 3,.19 76693-0 6:4 1/5 *6211/ .4 ,35 67145 *65 ;4 4 7< 89*4 7 21,5/ =74 ,5 6/ 0/ 65 35 4 1,7=3.64 ,5 *6560 .8-376.1,5 *6

>610 1>?145 *6=6=-6/ 734 5 6/@3/ / 4 76530 89 :ABB< 8C1/5 *66D3 9;4 4 83-6,5 1,4 5 64 1;,.355 *65 / 3,74 5 4 1,-65 E66,5 *6630 12*1/ 1 3,.634 5 4 1F6=-6/ 79 GHI8 JKLM N8JLHGO8 LLJM PQR13BG<

21/ / 6701,.75 15 *66D3-6.4 .6,5 4 56.4 ,S60/ 66530 89 TI::< 8

UVV WVV XVVV XXVV XYVV XZVV X[VV X\VV X]VV X^VV_` [XV

[YV [ZV [[V_`

XX

XV XV

XX

XY W

W U

^ ]

UVV WVV XVVV XXVV_`

[YV [ZV [[V_`

^VV

]

XVVV XVY\ XV\V XV^\ XXVV_`

[Z\_`

[YV [ZV

]

Z XY

ab cd

ab cd

[e\

^VV

ab cd

f_ghii YjY^_kl

miinopqr sX\_`rtrqn

uvc_XjU^_kl

grqqrntqwlx_`l``lx_ilhyl

zpqry{ly|_xl}r_~olnr alnhql_xl}r_~olnr zp}rqwrr€up}wnrxrw_xl}r_~olnrn

miinopqr vrlo_ilr

vrloilr_YjY[_kl

XXVV XYVV XZVV X[VV X\VV X]VV X^VVXUVV_` XVV YVV ZVV [VV \VV ]VV ^VV UVV WVV XVVV_

V [XV [YV [ZV [[V_`

[VV

ab cd

‚ƒ„…†ƒ_‡ƒˆ‰_Š‹ƒ„‰

alnhql_zl}r_~olnr U_}`_Œ[Y\_

uŽzmm‘m_kdkvj

[Y\

zmuŽzŽzd’_

miinopqr

alnhql_zl}r_“olnr uŽ’m

ulxpopqp_ghii

YjZZ_kl up}wnrxrw_ghii Yj[_kl miinopqr

copqrilr miinopqr

~qrezpqry{ly|_xl}r_~olnr

gwlx_klqno

~qrezpqry{ly|_zl}r_~olnr Uj\_}`_Œ[Y\__

f_ghii

YjY^_kl ulxpopqp_ghii YjZZ_kl

”~~rq_

copqrilr zp•rq_ nopqrilr

miinopqr

{qpe–pxlyw_xpnhqr_pi_tor_m`peghq}lyl_vlnwy

d—pqorw_xl}rn zryrqwt˜_klqnl™wt_ly_vlxp_rqh~twpyn_ŒYjYeXjU_kl

špqrnopqr

kprqy zl}r_ghq}lyl_

^_}`

ŒZ]V_

zpqry{ly|_zl}r_~olnr XV_}`_Œ[]Z_

vrlo_ilr

›‚œ‰†ƒ‡_„ƒžŠ‡‰Ÿ_ _„‰‰_„‰¡œ›¢‚_›‚_£›¤…†‰_¥

m~ry_m`peghq}lyl_qlwyl|r_™lnwy

dypqorw_xl}r

up}wnrxrw_zl}r_~olnr

^j\_}`_Œ[X^_

XeYeZ

[e\

miinopqr

¦§ ¨©ª«¬­1610 1>4 22/ 1777625 4 1,7E4 5 *5 *60 1235 4 1,145 *675 ;.4 6.030 610 37673,.+10 23,4 25 ;4 4 789*6T8 JJ®I8 ITF3630 12*1/ 19;4 4 .60 4 =4 5 75 *65 / 3,74 5 4 1,-65 E66,5 *6S1730 30 643,.630 12*1/ 1F6=-6/ 789*6:8 BK®I8 ITF36D39;4 4.60 4 =4 5 75 *6630 12*1/ 13,.634 5 4 1 -1;,.3/ ?8¯4 75 3,2675 1=1.6/ ,S3769;/ 73,33/ 6/ 601/ 5 6.4 1/632*030 610 3760*3768N;=-6/ 7.6,15 60 4 5 *175 / 35 4 >/ 30*4 2;,4 5 7.672/ 4 -6.

4 ,C4 >;/ 6L8

(6)

012345674892*+441,28 ,-8 2. 47-*/ 13. 94*47/ 541. 2. / 61 0 2. 44*. / 52. 4*+4. 144142,9268 ,21/ ,+473 4/ 3567 58945421

*47/ 541. 2. / 610 2. 4*20 49:,5; <2+4. 1441. 94=6</ *48 4/

8-> >2178-> >?@217A:,5; <2+4. 1441. 948-> >?217=BC 8-> > 5460. 94/ 1. 40 2282+624. 94=BC@. 94*47/ 541. 2. / 610 2. 4 12*4*. / 52. 472.AA,5; <2+DE4F0 44.28 53 A:GGH*4428 *6 I-. J4.28 5 @A:GK7 58948 2,-*. 0 / 14,D,8 4*20 40 4,61*. 0 -,. 47 28 613. 943468 63/ ,*4,. / 61> 0 65A5 6. 6LG5 KM2-*/ 13*. 0 2. / N 30 2F9/ ,> 2,/ 4*. 62**6,/ 2. 412. 40 ; 74F. 9N ,61. 0 68 8 47*47/ 541. * . 68 2<4N 8 4248,92134*5

OPQRSPTU RVWVXVW YZPZ

8944268 -. / 616>8 2<412. 401/ . 974F. 9/ *28 *64228 -2. 47> 0 65 . 94346,945/ ,28,65F6141.6>*47/ 541.*25F8 4*,68 8 4,. 47

> 0 65A5 A[. 6A5 G\M2@] -*.2> . 40. 9461*4.6>268 ,21/ ,,8 6*-0 4 6>. 94^56N 8-0 <21270 2/ 1234,6114,. / 61. 6. 94_ 17/ 21^,421 3 `2/ 8 42+4.28 5 @A::6H?2. 96364.28 5 @A::aH^F7D<44.28 5 @ A:G:HB0 -914.28 5 @A:GG7 5C47/ 541.*25F8 4*9224+441,68 N 8 4,. 47> 0 65+6. . 65. 6. 6F6>42,9. DF46>*D*. 453 b667/ 13

*-0 > 2,4@> 60 4*960 4@6> > *960 4@8 6140217-FF40*960 4> 2,4H 4/ 35c7. 92.12*42*/ 8 D2,,4**/ +8 42.. 94I2*-0 28 6,28 / . D

3 I2*-0 2E2<4F92*47 5C-F40 d,/ 28*47/ 541. *140 40 456247 +4> 60 4*25F8 / 13/ 160 740. 60 4. 0 / 424*47/ 541.1/ . 92*8 / . . 8 4 F9D*/ ,28217,945/ ,28142. 940 / 132*F6**/ +8 45e2,9*25F8 4 12*0 47-,47. 6F61740/ 121232. 40 / 135/ 8 8 5M2] 6048 4541.

,61,41. 0 2. / 61*3 C/ @8/ @M1@I2@f7140 42128 DJ47+D/ 17-,N . / 248 D ,6-F8 47 F8 2*52 6F. / ,28 45/ **/ 61 *F4,. 0 654. 0 D 3 8940 564/ *,940_ gfN ^eC_ ,2F[c::72.. 94hg41. 0 474 i4,940 ,94*fj. 0 630 2F9/ k-4*217?j6,9/ 5/ k-4*l3 gif?7 @ I21,D@40 21,450128 D. / ,28F0 6,47-0 4*217-1,40 . 2/ 1. / 4*20 4 74*,0 / +47/ 174. 2/ 8/ 1g20 / 31214.28 53 A::G7 5m2. 220 40 4F60 . 47 / 182+8 4A5894F0 4,/ */ 612172,,-0 2,D/ *+4. . 40. 921Gn> 60 oG:1. n6p/ 74F0 6F60 . / 61@1/ . 9/ 1Gqcn> 60Gqc1. n6p/ 74 F0 6F60 . / 61217cqGcn> 60o:5 c1. n6p/ 74F0 6F60 . / 61580 2,4 48 4541.,61,41. 0 2. / 61*3 i+@C0 @r0 @g2@B27140 42128 DJ47+D / 17-,. / 248 D,6-F8 47F8 2*5252***F4,. 0 654. 0 D3 8940 56 e8 4541. 28_ gfN MCsK72.. 94gif?5894F0 4,/ */ 61217 2,,-0 2,D6>. 942128 D*4*140 42**4**47+D542*-0 / 13> 6-0 0 6,<*. 21720 7*5

tVW PQSYuvQW QwU Rx vVRPvZ

894346,945/ ,28. 0 2,40 *-*47. 60 4,61*. 0 -,.F28 469D70 68 63/ , ,92134*/ 18 2<4*47/ 541. *20 4F0 4*41. 47/ 174. 2/ 8/ 1E2*.217 C5683 A::[73 *4428 *6y214.28 5 @A::AHz68 <622@G\\a7 5_ 1

*47/ 541. 20 D*-,,4**/ 61*@*. 0 61. / -53 C0 7/ *160 528 8 D2**6,/ 2. 47 1/ . 9,20 +612. 45/ 140 28 *@,28 ,/ . 421720 2361/ . 4/ 1F20 . / ,-8 20 3 45 35 @g6941@A::97 5C. 0 61. / -5,21+42**6,/ 2. 471/ . 9> 48 7*F20 217+/ 6. / . 4@+-.2.5-,98 6140,61,41. 0 2. / 61*. 921/ 1,20 +612. 4 5/ 140 28 *5_ 1. 9/ *,61. 4p. @3 r0{i+7 ; 3 C0{g270 4b4,. *. 94 +28 21,4+4. 1441,8 2*. / ,3 12. 400 -16> > 7217,20 +612. 43 *. 23121.

12. 40 7,65F6141. *589/ *0 48 2. / 61*9/ F4pF0 4**4*> 60 4*960 4

*D*. 45*/ 12**6,/ 2. / 611/ . 93 r0{i+7 ; 3 C0{g27/ 1,0 42*4*5 M213214*43 M17> 60 5*29/ 398 D/ 1*68 -+8 46p/ 74/ 16pD341N 0 / ,912. 40 *2175/ 30 2. 4*-F. 6+6. . 650 / 2402178 2<4*47/ 541. * 3 45 35 @g6941@A::97 5M213214*4/ *. 9-*23667F0 6pD/ 17/ ,2. 60 6>240 . / ,28. 0 21*F60 .6>6pD341 / 1 . 9412. 40 @0 4b4,. / 13 74,0 42*/ 1360/ 1,0 42*/ 13+/ 68 63/ ,282,. / 2/ . D5M213214*4F0 4N ,/ F/ . 2. / 61,6-8 7+4/ 1. 40 F0 4. 472*20 4*-8 .6>2. -0 16240 @1941 6pD341+4,654*5/ p4728 613. 9441. / 0 412. 40,68 -515894 M1; 8/0 2. / 64pF0 4**4*8 2<48 42480 / *4217+6. . 6512. 406pDN 3412. / 61+D1/ 173 6> > *960 4*D*. 45*7 5B/ 6341/ ,*/ 8 / ,2F0 67-,N . / 61/ *4228 -2. 47> 0 652148 4541. 280 2. / 6|. 94. 6. 28256-1.6>

*/ 8 / ,616p/ 743 C/ 7 }. 92./ *@,8 2*. / ,. 6+/ 6341/ ,*6-0 ,4*}/ * 160 528 / J47+D. 94256-1.6>28 / . 96341/ ,0 4> 40 41,448 4541.2*

2F0 6pD> 60,8 2*. / ,*6-0 ,4*618 D58/ . 21/ -56p/ 743 8/ 7/ *,96*41@

2*/ ./ *,655612170 48 2. / 248 D2+-1721. 501/ 1,0 42*4/ 1. 94C/ ; 8/0 2. / 6/ *. 940 4> 60 40 48 2. 47. 69/ 398 2<4F0 67-,. / 2/ . D/ 16> > *960 4

*D*. 45*3 f4/ 140 -74.28 5 @A::G7 5894220 / 2. / 61*6>*67/ -53 I27 / 18 2<4*47/ 541. *,21+44pF8 2/ 147+D12. 400 -16> >2171-. 0 / N 41.*-FF8 D@19/ ,9/ *4**41. / 28> 6030 61/ 13+/ 652**/ 12k-2. / , 412/ 0 61541. *3 6> > *960 4*D*. 45*7 58944p,4**6>*67/ -5 / 1 6> > *960 4,8 2D*/ *4*. / 52. 47> 0 65I2; 8// 1,65F20 / *611/ . 9C/ ; 8/ 5r/ 0 ,61/ -53 r0 7/ *23667F0 6pD/ 17/ ,2. 606>28 8 6,9. 9616-*

*/ 8 / ,/ ,8 2*. / ,/ 1F-. *3 *960 4> 2,4*D*. 45*7 5r/ 0 ,61/ -52*148 82*

i-+/ 7/ -53 i+7/ *,65561/ 1b-2/ 68 2,-*. 0 / 145/ 140 282**45N +8 234*5i-+/ 7/ -592*/ . *9/ 394*.,61,41. 0 2. / 61/ 1. 94~A5

€‚ƒ„…†…ƒ‡ˆ‰ŠŠ‡‹Œ‡Ž‡‘’‡“‡Œ„Œ†Œ”

€†•–—‡ˆ‰ŠŠ‡‹Œ˜˜‡Ž

™š™›œž›‡žŸ™‡ ¡Ÿœ

ˆ‰ŠŠ‡¢‡‹Œ‹’‡Ž

£Ÿœ¤¥Ÿ‡žŸ™‡ ¡Ÿœ

 ¥¦žš¥£§Ÿ£¨‡žŸ™‡ ¡Ÿœ

žš¥£§Ÿ£¨‡žŸ™‡ ¡Ÿœ

€©ª‡ˆ‰ŠŠ‡‘Œ«’‡Ž

¬—…„–—…

­ŠŠ„–—…

¬—…„–—…

©•‚„–—…

¬—…„–—…

­ŠŠ„–—…

¬—…„–—…

®

©•‚„–—…

¬—…„–—…

®

©•‚„–—…

‘˜¯

‘‹¯

‘‘¯

‘¯¯

°¯

«¯

’¯

±¯

‘¯

¯

˜¯

‹¯

‘¯

¯

²¯

­ŠŠ„–—…

­ŠŠ„–—…

€³´­µ­·­€³¸ˆ¸­´­€³´³´¹¸

­ºˆ¬´­»‡ˆ­‡ˆ¶¹‡¼¸´¹‡©³ª¸¼

­ºˆ¬´­»‡ˆ­‡ˆ¶¹‡¸¼½¸³¼‡­µ¹³¼

ˆ¹¾¶·­ªˆ·³ˆ¸¢·³¾¶¿

³¼½‡ªˆ·³ˆ¸¢·³¾¶¿‡­¬‡¾³´³¹­´³€¹ª

Ž…®…—„‡ÀÁ…‡®–…‡€‚ƒ„…†…ƒ‡ˆ‰ŠŠ‡

ÂU wÃvPÄÅC. 0 2. / 30 2F9/ ,,68 -516>. 94-FF40E6<28 28 4/ @=28 6,960 6@

217 8 6140=2/ . / 6 M45+40 *@8 / 1</ 13 . 948 2,-*. 0 / 14*47/ 541. *

3 6> > *960 4,8 2D*. 6> 60 4*960 4*217*71/ . 9. 94268 ,21/ ,. -> > *8 6,28 8 D

/ 741. / d47 1/ . 9/ 1 . 94*4 3468 63/ , 545+40 *3 *44 . 94 / 741. / d47

268 ,21/ ,. -> > *F0 4*41. 47/ 1. 9482+8 4G7 5

(7)

0 1 234 5 678 5 9 *9 +3, 2-./ +01*1 *2.215 ., 5 73*44 6.5 , 4 .2741*25- 65 7*1 2,*71 5 316*74 97 74 1*87*9 :1 25 7*4, 23;.4 1 5 7*.*45 6*74 .+

21 < =>1 24 5 63274 1*1 *0 61 *>*;.*42.2:1 25 7.5 ?*@1 6A-+05 4 1 , 60*152, ;*.1 *@1 *.*74 5 7:87*9 :1 25 7*4624 *1 5 2,5 7, 60*1 .161 *0 23*.-.4 *6.27415 :1*152, ;*.1 *@1 *.*74 5 7:3621 .*9 :1 25 7*4624 *1 5 2,5 7;@@*1.161 *0 23*.-.4 *6.9B;4 15 :*75 332, 9 35 ;68 C2/5 .5*1 -.*7.5 4 5 5*4 64 1*1 62,3127:*.8 *9 :9 +D*, 4 .274 E2, >64 +FGGH/ 9C2, 35 ;6321 >6724 *12.>64 12, , 6:*75 38 *1 6.5 67/

2742;4 15 :*75 38 @164 6.-74 1*.5 ./.6;1 3*.9E1*2;4 15 :*75 3@1 69 4;34 5 675 .*52, ;24 *40 1 66C2< =>274C2< I1 9B75 731 *2.*5 74 1*

1 24 5 65 .4 1*1 *0 61 *1 *:21 4*42.5 745 324 5 7:5 731 *2.*42;4 15 :*75 3 321 >6724 *@1 *35 @5 4 24 5 679E15 .4 1 *745 .2..635 24 *405 4 14 1*1 62, .4 1 24 5 8324 5 67602024 *1>64-+, 605 7J60.+274< 6115 :1*529

@61 24 5 6705 4 12, :2*27465 31 6>5 2,234 5 55 4 5 *..;312.3-2769

>234 *1 5 2>, 666.8 *[email protected] 67274@1 6, 5 0 *1 24 5 67603-276>234 *1 5 2 4 6A5 7.5 7024 *1 / 97 76;1@2, *61-41 6, 6:5 33674 *A4 +4 1*1 62, .4 1 24 5 8324 5 67274*52@61 24 5 675 731 *2.*1 *0 *14 6*7461 1*5 3<

3, 6.*4>2.5 736745 4 5 67.+>-3674 1 2.44 6*A61 1*5 3< 6@*7>2.5 7 36745 4 5 67.9K16.@161 6;.8 K/5 .2:664@1 6A-5 745 324 6160, 23*

024 *1*;4 1 6@15 324 5 678 *A3*..607;4 1 5 *74 .+2, :2,>, 666.+274 4 6A5 3024 *1 / 9L5 ..6, 5*4>21 5 ;6 8 M2/05 4 12, 32, 5 75 4 -5 74 1*

024 *136, ;67.;@@61 4 .4 1*2@@, 5 324 5 6760I1 < M21 24 5 6.2.2

@1 6A-0 61@2, *62, 32, 5 75 4 -274*7461 1*5 336745 4 5 67.N>21 5 ;65 . 272, 32, 5 7*9 *21 4 16*4 2,4 1245 .0 6;745 7661 *4 127OH65 7*1 2, .+

@1 5 735 @2, , ->21 5 4 *8 M2IP

Q

R.**S3T1 24 1*42, 9 +FGOG/ 9

UVWXYZW

[\]^_`abac def g^f h \g^ijbdkZlgm^_^c ^m]e B4 64 2,600 6;1, 23*@12.*.125*>**7424 *4>*4 0**7n9 Q274 oF9 pqS28 r5 :.9n+s/ ND635 .*, *5t23*@12.*8 n9 Q4 6n9 sS2/ +

u2.;1 2t23*@12.*8 n9 nv4 6n9 nS2/ +274@1 *wt61 *7-27:274 t61 *7-27:t23*@12.*.8 n9 Fp4 6oF9 pqS2/ 9x*1 *4 1*y@1 *w t61 *7-27:t23*@12.*z1 *0 *1 .4 64 1*, 23**56, ;4 5 670 1 66n9 Fp 4 6oF9 GvS2+01*1 *2.yt61 *7-27:t23*@12.*z1 *0 *1 .4 64 1*

, 23**56, ;4 5 670 1 66oF9 Gv4 6oF9 pqS267, -9E1*D635 .*, *5 t23*@12.*5 .*A@6.*405 4 15 74 1*;@@*1t632, 2, *5S*6>*1 R 4 1*u2.;1 2t23*@12.*633;1 .05 4 15 74 1*, 60*1D2, 63161 6 S*6>*18 r5 :9n/ 9E1*@1 *wt61 *7-27:t23*@12.**A@274.

05 4 15 74 1*, 60*1274;@@*1D2, 63161 6S*6>*1 +2744 1*

t61 *7-27:t23*@12.*633;@5 *.4 1*;@@*1D2, 63161 6S*69

>*1274, 60*1D25 4 5 6S*6>*18 r5 :9n/ 9{231604 1*.*, 23*

@12.*.5 .621 3*4>-60 0 .161 *3, 2-.5 74 *1 1 ;@4 *4>-0 61 *.161 * .274.8 r5 :.9n+s/ 9

B44 1*>64 4 66604 1*.4 1 24 5 :1 2@15 31 *361 4+0 61 *.161 *.274 4*@6.5 4 .5 73, ;4*4 1*D635 .*, *5E;0 024n9 QS28 r5 :.9n+s/ 9 E15 .4*@6.5 4 5 672,*755 1 676*74*56, 5*.4 660 0 .161 *3, 2-.

0 1 664 1*D635 .*, *5t23*@12.*8 n9 Q4 6n9 sS2+5 73, ;45 7:4 1*

D2, 63161 6E;0 024n9 ssS2Rr5 :.9n+s/ 9E1*60 0 .161 *3, 2-.

21 *1 *@, 23*4>-0 61 *.161 *.274.24on9 nGS2+5 73, ;45 7:4 1*

T E;0 024n9 npS28 r5 :.9n+s/ 9E1*0 61 *.161 *4*@6.5 4 . 5 73, ;4*2J6645 7:.;1 0 23*05 4 1@*>>, *.4 12421 *65*1 , 25 7>- .274.05 4 17;6*1 6;.4 1 23*.607*.4 9 *A32524 5 7:234 5 55 4 5 *.60 8.18 r5 :9vR5 9 *9 +4 1 23*0 6..5 ,60|} ~} €‚~R.**r*5 >*, +FGOp/ 9 E1*8.17*.4 .21 *5 66*45 24 *, -65*1 , 25 7>-2>*2310 23*

.-.4 *6 60.274.4 67*[email protected] 67*05 4 14*7.*233;6;, 29 4 5 67600 1 *.1024 *166, , ;.3.1*, , .60521 5 6;..@*35 *.24 4 1 5 9

>;4 2>, * 4 6 02.165*18 ƒ„… †‡} ˆ„~ .@9 +‰„… … †Š‹† .@9 +

Œ… „‡†Ž †.@9 Rr5 :9v/ 9E15 .5 .65*1 , 25 7>-60 0 .161 *3, 2-.

3674 25 75 7:.66*8.1>67*.8 r5 :9v/24n9 nvS2+0 61 65 7:4 1*

>*:5 775 7: 604 1*u2.;1 2t23*@12.*9E1*.*60 0 .161 * 4*@6.5 4 .21 *65*1 , 25 4>-, 60*1274;@@*1.161 *0 23*.5 , 4 .05 4 1 1 5 @@, *.24n9 nwnS20 1 664 1**74604 1*u2.;1 2t23*@12.*9 E15 . 4*@6.5 4 5 672,*755 1 676*741 2@5 4, - 3127:*. 0 1 66

‘’“”•‘•–“—˜“™š›œžŸžœ“ ¡¢¢

‘£“”•‘•’“—˜“ ¡¢¢“¤“

¥¦ž“§—˜¨

©ª«

©ª¬

­ª®

­ª©

­ª­

­ª¯

­ª°

­ª±

©¯® ©°®

® ©® ­® ¯® °® ±® ²® ³® «® ¬®

‘´´“”•‘•“—˜“™˜Ÿšµ¶š·š ¡¢¢

¸‘¹£“”•‘•“—˜“

™º»“ ¡¢¢

¼½¾¿ÀÁ¥À¤

ÂÃÄÅÄÆÇÈÉœÈÊÄË˓ËÃÈÌÇÄ͓Ωª«“ÏÐÑÒÓÌԓÃ̓ÉŪ“­®©³

™½™Õ»¿¼¿Õ

ÖרÙÚÛÙÜÙÖ×ÝÞÝÙØÙÖררßÝà×Þáâ×à×ÙØãáä×Ýà×Þáâ×à×à×Þáâ×à×

ÖÄÏÇËÃÅÃǓÖÉÅÄÈåÄÊē ÎÂÑ“Öæç“ ÜßáÒÝÙÒäÜÝÚ×

©ª³

¥ è

À¥»é¾¥

꾿뼽¾¿ÀÁ¥À¤

×ÂߓàÙãߨ

¾ž¡ìœšì

½Ÿí¡î˜œ

©®® ©©® ©­®

—žïž·“˜ðšîž“ï¶ž“™š›œžŸžœ“ ¡¢¢“

º ñ

òh \lg]óôB:*664*, .6>4 25 7*40 614 1*F9 O9 369 , 67::*6, 6:5 331 6...*34 5 67@1 *.*74 *45 7r5 :;1 *.n274s9E1*.4 1 24 5 :1 2@15 345 .4 273*.21 * 6*2.;1 *45 76*4 *1 .2>65*4 1*D635 .*, *5E;0 005 4 124 64 2,.4 24 5 679B:*.0 614 1*=*;75 67*5*74 .21 *@, 23*423361 45 7:4 6õ;5 4*, , *;1*42, 9 8 nHFH/274I5 7:*1*42, 98 nHFQ/ 9

12 1 1 3 4 5 5 6

(8)

0 12 34512 36 1 789*4512 3+3,14- 6 43.2 - 953+ - . 6 32 2 346 2 - 8/

08008/0 144- / 41 4295845- ,,1,16 80248.+3/ 3,58.6 3433 8/ 416 53+3492 - ,6 - 1.106 534803/ 343/- .582 2 - 4368/ 67 89::; <

86=>6 8:?86@ 003+- 86 3/ A871436 5- 4422 0 893B6 5310 0 4512 3 9/ 8A4 0 2 10 6 53 ,2 3CD12 3.A8.E D8*3 ,5843 1 >6 8F 6 1

=86 9G?8<19922=>G0 871436 53H8/ 19512 1I20 08.+

=JG0 871436 53H1*- 43/ 3-I20 0 3K- E6L< 6K2 10 >6 8F6 1

=86 9G?8B6 53+3,14- 6 - 1.8/3.4- 2 1.03.6 482 39582 896 32 - M3+

7A/ 1NO 3.32 EA+A.80- 941 10 0 4512 302+46 14512 30 8934- / 6 43 K- E46>BG< 6I534803+3,14- 6 - 1.8/3.4- 2 1.03.691.6 - .234 2.6 - /86 :F?81 HPQI20 0 <6 52 12E56 53D12 3.A8.ED8*3 ,58436I53D12 3.A8.ED8*3,5843- 46 53.9582 896 32 - M3+7A 5- E532 O 3.32 EA+A.80- 948.+7A8.8992 36 - 1.104299344- 43 0 12 34512 36 1789*4512 3+3,14- 6 40 2 1086 :F6 1=86 FR?81 433 4396 - 1.- .S26 M368/ 6 B>T8F< 6I5- 44A46 30 - 41432 / 8- +7A 1.91/ - 6 3O 2 - 954- / 6 46 1U.348.+40 2 10 =86 FR6 186 F>?8 1 - .9/ 2+- .E6 53V/ +248- W ?86 2A808,8/ 3108E.36 - 96 2 8.4- 6 - 1.3 433D3,2 3368/ 6 B>T88< 6@ 0N391.4- +326 5866 5343+- 03.6 4 N32 380 0 396 3+7A4274- +3.934- .936 53382 / AX/ 3- 46 193.3B 6 5343/ 8*343+- 03.6 446 - / /19922866 53/ 343/106 53126 Y1N4- / / 6 16 53N3468.+6 53S- / 3784- .1 =JRT0< 6I536 16 8/6 5- 9*.344 106 53/ 8*343+- 03.6 4871436 53H1*- 43/ 3-I20 042EE346 46 586 6 53/ 343/106 53/ 8*3N84Z8TT087143H1*- 43/ 3-D8*3/ 343/

+22 - .E6 53D12 3.A8.ED8*3,58431 433K- E6L< 6

V22+86 8451N6 5860 2 10 >6 J6 186 :F?8B10 0 4512 39/ 8A4 199224A.952 1.124/ AN- 6 58TT*8- .41/ 86 - 1.08[- 088.+

0 12 34512 34- / 6 46 148.+4N- 6 58TT*8- .41/ 86 - 1.0- .- 081 K- E6 R< 6\.84A.952 1.124/ 8*3,5843- 4B51N3432 B0 12.+86>6 8F6 1

=86 9G?81 K- E6R<+22 - .E8JTT*8- .41/ 86 - 1.0- .- 0206 ]22 - .E6 5- 484A.952 1.124/ 8*3,5843B6 53/ 343/106 53/ 8*358+

2 - 43.2,6 1ZGT01 K- E6L< 6

^_`a bc d `e`fa ghijgc ik

X2 - 126 1>6 8F?8B6 53,8/ 315A+2 1/ 1E- 934- +3.93- .+- 986 34 6 5866 53/ 8*3N86 32 4N32 346 - / /N3/ /0- [3+866 5373E- ..- .E 106 53/ 8*36 2 8.4E2 344- 1.l6 531 m2Zn7< W 1 Q2Zo8<2 86 - 1 42EE346 48.- .92 384310N86 322 2.10 00 2 10>6 >R6 1>6 >J?8 1 K- E6F< 6I53?.W I-2 86 - 142EE346 48/ 416 5866 53/ 8*3N86 32 4 N32 346 - / /N3/ /1[AE3.86 3+86>6 >JC>6 >L?8B+22 - .E6 53 - .41/ 86 - 1.08[- 0201 K- E6R< 6\4891.43p23.93B/ 8*3,2 1O +296 - 4- 6 A,2 1787/ A- .92 3843+B84N86 322 2.10 08.+,516 1O 4A.6 534- 4- .92 3843+866 5348036 - 031 Q- W I- BS8W I-- .92 38434< 6 I53910,82 - 41.736 N33.Q- W I-8.+S8W I-42EE346 46 586 .26 2 - 3.6 4- .92 3843+0 2 10 >6 >J6 1>6 >>?8B46 - / /+22 - .E6 53 - .41/ 86 - 1.08[- 0201 K- E6R< B726/ 8*3,2 1+296 - 4- 6 A91/ / 8,43+

80 6 32>6 >>?8BN5- 95912 2 34,1.+4N- 6 56 536 2 8.4- 6 - 1.736 N33.

10 0 4512 39/ 8A46 14512 30 8934- / 6 41 K- E46GBF< 6I536 1,106 53

10 0 4512 302+,89*8E3- 41432 / 8- .7A8/ 1N324512 30 8934A46 30

910,143+104- / 6 4N- 6 56 A,- 98/N- .+O 7/ 1N.2 - ,,/ 341 K- E6G< 6

I53,32 - 1+86>6 >>C>6 >8?8- 484419- 86 3+N- 6 56 53,2 1E2 8+8O

6 - 1.108.2,,324512 30 8934A46 30 91.6 8- .- .E4103+- 46 - .96

73+43.2 - 953+- .U4571.341 0 2 345N86 32986 U45E2 12,3K- E6G< 6

I532,,324512 30 8934- / 6 491.6 8- .408/ /U45+372 - 473+48/ 1.E

73++- .E,/ 8.348.+EA,420 9186 - .E46I5343+- 03.6 4451N

8.3.2 - 9503.6104- / 6 4432 4249/ 8A0 2 10m2 W n72 86 - 141 K- E6F< 6

qgrais6t319530-98/91223/86-1.401263,528480,/3+86653S84228/198/-6A6\//48/234823-.N6u6\.8/A6-98/03651+48423,1263+-.n108.368/61>TT:<012HTF480,/348.+58-/3871899G<012 vI5480,/346QBQ52.E2283wIBw346I22*8.86 mQ582+Q-V>I-V>m2V>\/>VLK3>VL?.V?EVo8VP8S8>VH>VKo/I168/SD198/-6AtXQD86-62+3D1.E-62+3 I200t wIHTFOF:>T84F86:>T68>.88T6G:>699T6T:T6TLT68J.8G689>6>9T68T68:9L6GL8RS842286oQKTFO>6>TTFOLFTJxT68L9ySLGxJF6GFGyv QvI5>8T6?8F>6G>T68FT68R8T6R>>6FRT68T6TLT68GT6T8>6L9>6:FT68T68>9>8FQ52.E228 H8/195121I2001zI200K< wIHTFOFF9F84F86T9T68:.896G9J6R:T68RT6T>T68:.8L6JF86FT688T68R986LG9S842286oQKTFO>688TFOLLJJxT68>RySLGxJF6FTRyv QvIOG8R96GGT6>LT68996R>J6RT689T6T8T68:T6T886J8698T6T8T68J::Q52.E228 H1*-43/3-I2001zI200v< wIHTFOFF9RW8\{FJ6T8T6J>.8:6RGR6T9T6>GT688T68:.886>J86F:T6T>T6>>9>69:S842286oQKTFO>6>TFOLLLJxT68:GySLGxJF69G8yv QvI5:RO8:L6?LF>6L>T6LG.8:6FJRT6>FT688T689.8T6:R>6T8.8T68R986T88LQ52.E228

(9)

012345 267 282796 *+6 2,,- 827 ./- 0- 1- ,12/42 5 2634 356474, ,2212 6 *0 849 :;6 45 - */2<6 24,2,41/849 =66 45 - *- 1<6 24,2,

> ,22?- +4@A 7- 7 7 B,5 6 45 - 1+5 1228*7 B5 - *1*25 1284,*B6 <24?6 *0 34 335 *34 356475 12,*B6 <2*28434,7 4C2<46 ;*145 296 2D

<- 9- 5 45 - *1- 15 127 *32641/B9926,1*6 22 4<2> 849 :;41/849 =6 - 1<6 24,2A 4E2 5 2634 356475 1284,*B6 <2<141+2,2 6 *0 7 4C2

> B9926,1*6 22 4<2A5 *0*6 25 26 6 2,5 6 - 47,*B6 <2,> 4;- *+21- <F 849 :;/2<6 24,241/849 =6- 1<6 24,2A 401296 2<- 9- 5 45 2/7 4C2

<46 ;*145 22,5 - 045 2/2 6 *0 849 :;6 45 - *,B++2,5 ,5 14591*5 *D ,.15 12,- ,- 1<6 24,2/2 6 *0 34 335 *34 3564- 15 127 *32641/

B9926,1*6 22 4<2741/5 121/2<6 24,2/42 5 2634 3564/B6 - 1+7 4C2 6 2+6 2,,- *1> ?- +4@A 4846 ;*145 234,7 2,,,*7 B;7 2741/5 1B,

;- *+21- <<46 ;*145 2/- /1*596 2<- 9- 5 45 242 5 2634 3564> ?- +4@A 4 E7 C47 - 1- 5 .- 1<6 24,2/2 6 *034 335 *34 35644,,B++2,5 2/2 6 *0

=6 9 G46 45 - *,> ?- +4HA 7- 232<*1,- /265 1455 12/- ,5 6 - ;B5 - *1*2 /- ,,*7 82/;46 - B0 - 15 127 4C2345 26<141+2,3- 5 147 C47 - 1- 5 .4 01- ,28*7 B5 - *1- 7 7 B,5 6 45 2,5 1221/*25 12I4,B6 4J4C2914,245 K34 364731- <1*<<B6 6 2//B6 - 1+41- 1,*7 45 - *10- 1- 0B0

<215 26 2/4534 5@644E2 5 265 1- ,<16 *1*,5 6 45 - +6 491- <7 2827 7L9 0- 6 45 - *- 1<6 24,2/4,5 127 4C2,.,5 2034,6 49- /7 .6 297 4<2/;.4 ,1*6 5 D 7 - 82/,34093- 5 1040047 - 41;*12,45K34 5H64

> ?- +4@A 4J4C2345 26 ,326 296 *;4;7 .5 *M- <455 1455 - 02;2<4B,2

*21B5 6 - 215- 1<6 24,241/47 +47;7 **0,> 96 *;4;7 .5 *M- <<.41*D

;4<5 26 - 4A 40121*6 - N*1216 - <12/;.5 26 6 2,5 6 - 472 *,,- 7 ,- ,6 49- /7 . 6 297 4<2/;.*2 2 ,1*6 20B/,4534 5@64> *1,25*296 2OJ*6 21.41+

J4C2914,2A 4

PQRSTRRQUV

WXYZXXY[\[Y][Z^ _XYX`a b[\c X_ba YdXYef_g[Y[

\ [ghZ

E7 5 1*B+17 *<45 2/- 15 1246 - /0B6 C414/296 2,,- *17J4C2 0B6 C414- ,,B99*6 5 2/;.5 120*1,**16 4- 1,- 1i0*:- 826 1- +17 41/,> j**6 /21,2547 4 73k55A 4012<*15 6 - ;B5 - *1*25 12 l4,5E2 6 - <410*1,**1- ,<4B,2/;.5 12N*1474/82<5 - *1*2 m 1/- 41i<241O/26 - 82/0*- ,5 B6 25 *5 12l5 1- *9- 411- +17 41/,

> 840;26 7 - 175nn@A 4012l4,5E2 6 - <410*1,**16 4- 1,6 2o2<5 5 121*6 5 1346 /0*820215*25 12m 15 26 5 6 *9- <478*1826 +21<2 p*12*826l4,5E2 6 - <4> ,22724 +4 7I- <1*7 ,*175nnq73kknA 4 012r7 *1+6 4- 1,s6 24<141*6 5 1346 /7 - 0- 5- 1,B0026<*2847 3- 5 1404M- 0B0/- ,<146 +22 6 *05 12i0*:- 826> G7 *,N- 2, 41/?*6 04173k5tA 4i15 124,5 6 *1*0- <475 - 02,<47 27<141D +2,- 12<<215 6 - <- 5 .7- 1,*7 45 - *1741/96 2<2,,- *1<.<7 2,<*1D 5 6 *75 12,5 6 21+5 1*2849*65 6 41,9*6 541/0*1,**1,> 626 7 - , 2547 4 73k5uA 4m 15 125 6 *9- <471- +17 41/,9 2 *6 2,5 ,75 12,B0026 0*1,**1470*- ,5 B6 2- 1<6 24,2,/B6 - 1+2<<215 6 - <- 5 .9 - 1,*7 4D 5 - *104M- 04> :*,,- +1*7 D =5 6 - <C75nHuA 4m 14//- 5 - *173- 5 15 12 - 1- 5 - 45 - *1*2I*6 5 126 1v20- ,9126 2+7 4<- 45 - *194<2/;.

5kkC42<<215 6 - <- 5 .9 - 1,*7 45 - *1<.<7 2,> J- ,- 2<C- 73k5kwE;2D iB<1-2547 4 73k5uA 70*1,**147<7 - 045 234,<*15 6 *7 7 2/;.

5 12/2827 *90215*2<*7 /+7 4<- 47I*6 5 1E5 7 415 - <,24,B6 2 4<2 5 20926 45 B6 2> ,22/2621*<47 75nntA 401B,75 12l4,5E2 6 - <41 e[x\ hy4z2*<120- <476 2,B7 5 ,*;5 4- 12/2 6 *05 12<*09*,- 5 - *1*2;B7 C,2/- 0215 ,*25 12I4,B6 4J4C2914,2> ,2247 ,*?- +4@A 4=225 2M52 *6 2M97 4145 - *1,4

62526,4;*82 E+2 =-i3E73iu?23iuI43i 84i {3i 6+i 0-i3L3it61i G4 =6 p6 :;

{*C-,272-0B22

>0A J-51*7*+. 64 | | | | | | | | | | 990 990 990 990 }q4k G6*31-,1+64.<74.>,3409A 345n t343H 5u4q5 n455 343k 34@H343qn 34q} 54tH k4} k455 un}4n 3tk 3t@ tu }}4t G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>B9926,1*6224<2A 345nttu4qq 5u4Ht n45@ 34Hq u433345}n 345H 34k5 k4t} k45t }3H u}k uq3 t@

}}4k G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>B9926,1*6224<2A 343 t}433 5}43k n4tH 34n3 34@354nt 34uq 34k@ k4uH k453 }5n4} utn uqn tt }u4k G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>B9926,1*6224<2A 343ktt}4u} 5}4@@ n4tH u4uk 34Hq54HH 343u 34u3 k4ut k45u }tH4H unq uqn t5 }34k G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>B9926,1*6224<2A 3435 tt4H3 5}4u5 n4uk u4u} u4Hq54Hq 34uq 34kq k43t k45@ }3n4u }3@ u}H t5 }54k G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>B9926,1*6224<2A 3435tt}4kk 5}4Hk 5k4k3 u4}H }4kk54H} 34u} 34}3 k43@ k45t }n3 }tk uk5 }@

}k4t G6*31-,1+64.,-75,>~,1

;*12,-17*326,1*6224<2A 3433 t}43t 5t45q n453 u4}@ u4H}54H3 34}H 34kk k43@ k45@ }}k4q }qu utt }H }k4k G6*31-,1+64.,-75,

>7*326,1*6224<2A 3433ttq4Ht 5t433 @4Hu u4@3 34@k345k 54Hk 54tu k435 k455 }n54u }5u uut t}

un4k G6*31-,1<74.

>*22,1*62740-1452/A 3433Ht@4nq 5t4}} q4@u u4Hu 34}5343n 54} 54tt k45n k45k }@H43 uH3 uH5 tH uH4t G6*31-,1<74.>*22,1*62A 343u t@4ut 5t4qH q4H} u4@n 34q}343@ 54tu 54q3 k433 k45t }nq4} uH3 u@n t}

u@4t G6*31-,1<74.>*22,1*62A 343utt54HH 5}4uk n4tk 34@3 54nH54@@ 54n 54n} k43u k4k@ uuu43 3Hq uH3 qk uq4t G6*31-,1<74.>*22,1*62A 343} t}4qq 5t4q3 n435 u4q3 34tu34kH 54}t 34kH k43} k45u }@3 uHH uuk tt uq4k =41/,5*12

>€‚ƒ„…†€‡-1;24<124<2A 343}tt54kq 5}43H 5k4HH 34u@ 54nH54tk 345} 34k5 k43t k4kH 3nq 3@n uHu tH u}4k J-+15;6*31-,1,41/.<74.

>ˆ…‡‰…‰Šƒ‹‡A 343t t54H@ 5}4tq 534uH 34Hk 54@354Hq 54}H 345t k433 k455 uqu45 3}t }k5 tq uu4t G6*31-,1+64.<74.2.,-75

>o**/-1+,B624<2A 343q tH4}H 5t4kn H4nu u4}u 343q3455 54}q 54tk k43 k4kH t@t4@ }k3 355 t5

(10)

1

2 34

35

36

30

32

31 2 1 3 7 8 9*+,8 -./03,7180

234

2

3

3

1 1

7 8

56789:;<0=>?@0A7BB;<76C0D0E?;F6?0G?HC0I<?;CJ

K?=H;L79C0MFC0L708?;<7NC6

AOPQRSTUVPW0XYZP[\YQRXP0;<C>>;0D0]C?=<0B?=CJ G:^<L0]6789:;<0;?9M@0=>?@;08:L<0B:;<9C;L; A_UW\U\`SYW0D0B76C;<76CJ

aCM:Fb0L70B:9C0;?9M;0AB76C;<76CJ 56789:;<0^6C@0=>?@C@0;:>L0AB>77M:9^0;F6B?=CJ 56789:;<0^6C@0=>?@C@0;:>L08:L<067=H0B6?^bC9L;0cde0=b AB>77M:9^0;F6B?=CJ

56789:;<0^6C@0=>?@C@

fgfe0a?

fgfh0a?

fgfi0a?

4 81

6

12

11

13

17

18

11 81

4

5

6 9*+,7 -./03,7180

j:9M0]>7890M6:NC906:II>C;08:L<0]CMM:9^

I>?9C;0?9M0^@I;Fb0=7?L:9^;

k?LB:;<0]79C;0Cb]CMCM0:90L<C0;<76CB?=C AFIIC60;<76CB?=C0D0E?;F6?0G?HC0I<?;CJ

l:;<0MC]6:;0]CM0:9LC6=?>?LCM08:L<:90L<C0>78C6

;<76CB?=C0;:>L;0AE?;F6?0G?HC0I<?;CJ

m:>L;0A>78C60;<76CB?=C0D0E?;F6?0G?HC0I<?;CJ 56789:;<0=>?@0A7BB;<76C0D0E?;F6?0G?HC0I<?;CJ 5

4

34

fgfi0a?

fgfd0a?

87

87 83

81 27

28

21

14

15

16 83

87 9*+,3 -./03,7180

G:^<L0]6789:;<0=>?@

A7BB;<76C0D0I6CDG76C9@?9^0G?HC0I<?;CJ

56789:;<0=>?@

A7BB;<76C0D0I6CDG76C9@?9^0G?HC0I<?;CJ

10

fgdn0a?

fgdo0a?

88 a?bb?>:?90B?F9?

A970I<7L7J

p9;CL07B0L<C0N7>=?9:=0=>7;F6C07B0L<C0pb7DqF6H?9?0M6?:9?^C0]?;:9

fgff0a?

r3s3tu0vw*x30sy302*z{u3|3{0}~r3s3tu0vw*x30sy302*z{u3|3{0}~r3s3tu0vw*x30sy302*z{u3|3{0}~

30D0l76C;<76C0010D0m8?;<0‚79C00ƒ0D05C?=<0B?=C0050D0pBB;<76C0040D0G78C60;<76CB?=C00810D0„IIC60;<76CB?=C00880D05?=H;<76C

…† ‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ  ‘’ ‘“”•–—˜ ™ • Ž “™ •𐔑› œ•˜ž™ ••Ÿœš•˜œ  •˜ž™ •’ ‘¡•’ Ž  ”¢ £¤œ™ œ—˜ •™ ˜™ œš™ œ˜œ– œ•–•’ ”¥œ—“œ‘¡œ¦Ž ¡•’

˜•¦š’ œ˜£§œœ¨Ž “ž™ œ©› ‘™ œ’ ‘¡• Ž ‘–‘› œœª•¦Ž –œ—‘ž ¡™ ‘š˜£  ¨‘™Ž – œ™ š™ œ • Ž ‘–‘› œ™ œ› œ™ œ–¡œ˜ ‘¡‘’ ‘™Ž – Ž ˜«“ž™ œ’ œ“œ–—¬ œ

™ œ•—œ™Ž ˜™ œ› œ™ ™ œ— ‘ œ­œ®¯œ™ ˜Ž ‘–‘› Ž ˜•™  Ž ¡’ œ£ ¢

Références

Documents relatifs

Kofi Edee. Polynomial modal method for analysis of the coupling between a gap plasmon waveguide and a square ring resonator.. Polynomial modal method for analysis of the

Dans le chapitre 2 , nous étudions les analyses de traces d’apprentissage comme artefacts informatiques, la manière dont elles sont mises en œuvre, ainsi que les outils

Through this research, we have presented the control and manipulation of the transport of SPBs on a variety of magnetic antidot arrays, which is useful for

The Boiano pollen data bring out new information to understand the re- sponse of vegetation to both global climate changes and lo- cal edaphic conditions in order to appreciate

This study uses a set of regional simulations based on the ocean model NEMO to quantify the influence of the Amazon runoff on sea level in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean.. The model

Based on sea level measurements from satellite altimetry and temperature and salinity data from Argo fl oats during 2005 – 2013, we found that the southeast Indian Ocean experiences

Early Diagenesis of Lacustrine Carbonates in Volcanic Settings: The Role of Magmatic CO 2 (Lake Dziani Dzaha, Mayotte, Indian Ocean)... A BSTRACT

Interannual variations of temperature simulated (solid black) and reconstituted from the heat budget (dashed black) defined as the sum of heat fluxes (downward triangles),