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Stroke: risk factors, imagiologic exams and economic repercussions.

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Resumo / Abstract

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Resumo

Os acidentes vasculares cerebrais são a primeira causa de mortalidade em Portugal. É uma patologia com vários fatores de risco e mecanismos etiopatogénicos, cujo diagnóstico é possível através de exames complementares de diagnóstico. O diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação acarreta muitos custos a nível socioeconómico, sendo importante perceber quais os fatores mais frequentes, onde deve incidir a pesquisa, tratamento e também quais os exames que fornecem informação mais completa e rápida, contribuindo para a formação de um modelo de auxílio à tomada de decisão e obtenção de bons resultados no combate e resposta da doença, otimizando custos. Realizou-se um estudo retrospetivo, descritivo, correlacional com um grupo de 3209 indivíduos que realizaram triplex scan carotídeo e um segundo grupo com 1657 indivíduos sem acidente vascular cerebral.

Antecedentes familiares de doenças cérebro e cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, doenças cardíacas embólicas e a dislipidémia em simultâneo com fibrilhação auricular são fatores que revelaram maior influência na probabilidade de ter acidente vascular cerebral de qualquer tipo.

Os indivíduos têm maior probabilidade de morte mais jovens se tiverem acidente vascular cerebral ou fatores de risco como história de tabagismo ou diabetes mellitus. A idade é o fator com maior influência no aumento do risco de morte instantânea após evento.

Ressonância magnética crâneo-encefálica e o triplex scan cervical foram os exames que apresentaram maior sensibilidade na deteção de lesão intra e extracraneana, respetivamente.

Combinando técnicas de análise de decisão em contexto de incerteza e decisão multicritério, analisaram-se várias estratégias de realização do triplex scan cervical e angio ressonância levando em conta o custo e o benefício esperados. Esta análise permitiu identificar três estratégias eficientes (em ordem crescente de custos e benefícios): não realizar nenhum dos exames; realizar apenas o triplex scan cervical;

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Resumo / Abstract

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iii realizar primeiro o triplex scan cervical e, se este for negativo, realizar a angio ressonância.

Palavras-chave

acidente vascular cerebral, fator de risco, exame complementar de diagnóstico, óbito, custos

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Resumo / Abstract

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Stroke: risk factors, imagiologic exams and economic repercussions.

Abstract

Stroke is the first cause of mortality in Portugal. This disease has several vascular risk factors and etiopathogenic mechanisms, whose diagnosis is possible through the aid of various diagnostic exams. The diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation entails substantial social and economic costs. Therefore, it is important to understand which are the most frequent risk factors, that should be emphasized in research and treatment, and also to understand which exams provide a more complete and rapid information, contributing to the development of a decision making model so as to achieve good results in combating the disease while optimizing costs. For this we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and correlational study, with a group of 3209 subjects who underwent carotid triplex scan and a second group of 1657 subjects without stroke.

Family history of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, smoking, embolic heart disease and dyslipidemia simultaneously with atrial fibrillation are factors that revealed greater influence on the probability of having stroke of any kind.

Individuals with stroke or risk factors such as smoking history or diabetes mellitus are more likely to have younger death. Age was the most influential factor in risk increase of instant death after stroke.

The skull-brain and cervical triplex scan were the tests that showed higher sensitivity in the detection of intra and extracreana injury, respectively.

Combining decision analysis techniques in the context of uncertainty and multi-criteria decision making, we analized various strategies for implementing the cervical triplex scan and angiography resonance taking into account their cost and expected benefit.

This analysis identified three efficient strategies (in order of increasing costs and

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Resumo / Abstract

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v benefits): not conduct any examinations; perform only the cervical triplex scan; first perform cervical triplex scan and, if this is negative, perform resonance angiography.

Key-words

stroke, risk factors, diagnosis complementary exams, death, costs

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