Basic Introduction to Arabic

(1)

Basic Introduction to Arabic

Introduction:

This is an extract from the Moroccan Arabic book. You will notice that we did not follow the book page by page. We rather picked some key elements in the book that a beginner can do on his/her own. Page numbers refer to the complete book not this PDF guide. The Arabic readings in these lessons are done by our Language and Culture Facilitators.

Table of Contents

Lesson number Title Page

Lesson 1 Arabic Alphabet 1 Lesson 2 Greeting Expressions 5 Lesson 3 Greetings Dialogue 6 Lesson 4 Independent Pronouns 7 Lesson 5 Possessive Pronouns 8 Lesson 6 Describing Oneself 10 Lesson 7 Describing Oneself (practice dialogue) 11 Lesson 8 Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives 14 Lesson 9 Mealtime Expressions 19 Lesson 10 Thanking Expressions 19 Lesson 11 Expressions for nighttime 20 Lesson 12 Hygiene 20 Lesson 13 Offering Help 20 Lesson 14 Being sick 21 Lesson 15 Transportation Expressions 21 Lesson 16 Responding to difficulties/Apologies 21 Lesson 17 Congratulations 21 Lesson 18 Communication 21 Lesson 19 Numerals 22 Lesson 20 Numerals 24 Lesson 21 Numerals 25 Lesson 22 Time 30

Lesson 23 Exercises about Time 31 Lesson 24 Shopping 34 Lesson 25 Shopping Expressions 34/35 Lesson 26 Practice Dialogue/Shopping 35 Lesson 27 Verb to “want” 36 Lesson 28 Family Members 38/39 Lesson 29 Family Expressions 39 Lesson 30 Family practice text 41

The text accompanies the following ten (10) audio tracks:

• MO_Arabic_Lesson_1-3.mp3 (Time: 4:05) (File Size: 3.74 MB)

(2)

Lesson 1

Arabic Alphabet

(3)

Page 5

Lesson 2

Greeting expressions and appropriate responses

A: Peace be upon you

B: And peace be upon you (too)

s-salamu عalaykum wa عalaykum s-salam

ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ ُمﻼَﺴﻟا مﻼَﺴﻟا ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ َو

A: Good morning B: Good morning

ṣbaн l-xir ṣbaн l-xir

ﺮﻴﺨﻟا حﺎﺒﺻ ﺮﻴﺨﻟا حﺎﺒﺻ

A: Good afternoon / evening B: Good afternoon / evening

msa l-xir msa l-xir

ﺮﻴﺨﻟا ﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﺨﻟا ﺎﺴﻣ

name smiya

ﺔﻴﻤﺳ

What’s your name? šnu smitk?

؟ﻚﺘﻴﻤﺳ ﻮﻨﺷ

my name... smiti...

... ﻲﺘﻴﻤﺳ

your name... smitk...

... ﻚﺘﻴﻤﺳ

his name... smitu...

... ﻮﺘﻴﻤﺳ

her name... smitha...

... ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﺳ

Nice to meet you. mtšrfin

ﻦﻴﻓﺮﺸﺘﻣ

How are you (masc.)? kif dayr?

؟ﺮﻳاد ﻒﻴآ

How are you (fem.)? kif dayra?

؟ةﺮﻳاد ﻒﻴآ

Are you fine? labas?

؟سﺎﺑ ﻻ

Good, thanks be to God. labas, l-нamdullah

ﷲا ُﺪﻤَﺤ ﻟا سﺎﺑ ﻻ

Good, thanks be to God. bixir, l-нamdullah

ﷲا ُﺪﻤَﺤﻟا ﺮﻴﺨِﺑ

Everything is fine. kulši bixir

ﺮﻴﺨِﺑ ﻲﺸﻠُآ

Good-bye bslama

ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا ب

Good night layla saعida

ةﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺔﻠﻴَﻟ

(4)

Lesson 3

Greetings Dialogue

John: s-salamu عalaykum.

ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ ُم ﻼَﺴﻟا : نﻮﺟد

Mohamed: wa عalaykum s-salam.

مﻼَﺴﻟا ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ َو : ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

John: kif dayr?

؟ﺮﻳاد ﻒﻴآ : نﻮﺟد

Mohamed: labas, l-нamdullah. u nta?

؟َﺖﻧ و . ﷲا ُﺪﻤَﺤﻟا سﺎﺑ ﻻ : ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

John: bixir, l-нamdullah.

ﷲا ُﺪﻤَﺤﻟا ﺮﻴﺨِﺑ : نﻮﺟد

Mohamed: šnu smitk?

؟ﻚﺘﻴﻤﺳ ﻮﻨﺷ : ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

John: smiti John. u nta?

؟َﺖﻧ و . نﻮﺟد ﻲﺘﻴﻤﺳ : نﻮﺟد

Mohamed: smiti Mohamed.

ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﻤﺳ : ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

John: mtšrfin.

ﻦﻴﻓﺮﺸﺘﻣ : نﻮﺟد

Mohamed: mtšrfin.

ﻦﻴﻓﺮﺸﺘﻣ : ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

(5)

Page7

Lesson 4

Independent Pronouns

We call the following pronouns “independent” because they are not attached to other words, such as nouns, verbs, or prepositions. The pronouns are often used in a number of different ways.

I ana

ﺎﻧأ

you (masc. singular) nta

َﺖﻧ

you (fem. singular) nti

ِﺖﻧ

he huwa

َﻮُه

she hiya

َﻲِه

we нna

ﺎﻨﺣ

you (plural) ntuma

ﺎﻤُﺘﻧ

they huma

ﺎﻤُه

(6)

Lesson 5

Possessive Pronouns

In Darija, a suffix (ending) may be added to the end of words in order to express possession.

my i / ya *T

ﺎﻴـ / ﻲـ

your (singular) k

ﻚـ

his u / h *T

ﻪـ / ﻮـ

her ha

ﺎﻬـ

our na

ﺎﻨـ

your (plural) kum

ﻢُﻜـ

their hum

ﻢُﻬـ

* For the “my” and “his” forms, the first ending is used for words ending in consonants, while the second is used with words ending in vowels. For example, smiti (my name), but xuya (my brother).

Example of possessive pronouns with the noun “book.”

book ktab

بﺎﺘآ

my book ktabi

ﻲﺑﺎﺘآ

your (sing.) book ktabk

ﻚﺑﺎﺘآ

his book ktabu

ﻮﺑﺎﺘآ

her book ktabha

ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘآ

our book ktabna

ﺎﻨﺑﺎﺘآ

your (plur.) book ktabkum

ﻢُﻜﺑﺎﺘآ

their book ktabhum

ﻢُﻬﺑﺎﺘآ

(7)

Page 10

Lesson 6

Describing Oneself:

Nationalities, Cities, and Marital Status

Vocabulary and Expressions

Where are you (masc.) from? mnin nta?

؟َﺖﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﻣ

Where are you (fem.) from? mnin nti?

؟ِﺖﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﻣ

I am from the U.S. ana mn mirikan.

. نﺎﻜﻳﺮِﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻧأ

I am American. ana mirikani(ya).

.( ة ) ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻳﺮِﻣ ﺎﻧأ

I am from Morocco. ana mn l-mġrib.

. بِﺮﻐﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻧأ

I am Moroccan. ana mġribi(ya).

.( ة ) ﻲﺑِﺮﻐﻣ ﺎﻧأ

Are you ... ? weš nta/nti ... ?

؟ ... ِﺖﻧ / َﺖﻧ شاو

Are you from the U.S.? weš nta/nti mn mirikan?

؟نﺎﻜﻳﺮ ِﻣ ﻦﻣ ِﺖﻧ / َﺖﻧ شاو

Where are you from in the U.S.? mnin nta/nti f mirikan?

؟نﺎﻜﻳﺮِﻣ ف ِﺖﻧ / َﺖﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﻣ

And you? u nta/nti?

؟ِﺖﻧ / َﺖﻧ و

city mdina

ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ

state wilaya

ﺔﻳﻻِو

big (fem.) kbira

ةﺮﻴﺒآ

small (fem.) ṣġira

ةﺮﻴﻐﺻ

Excuse me. (to man / woman) smн li / smнi li

ﻲﻟ ﻲﺤﻤﺳ / ﻲﻟ ﺢﻤﺳ

I am not ... ana maši ...

... ﻲﺷﺎﻣ ﺎﻧأ

but welakin

ﻦِﻜَﻟَو

engaged (fem.) mxṭuba

ﺔﺑﻮﻄﺨﻣ

married (masc. / fem.) mzuwj / mzuwja

ﺔﺟّوﺰﻣ / جّوﺰﻣ

No, not yet. lla mazal / lla baqi

ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ّﻻ / لازﺎﻣ ّﻻ

Are you a tourist? weš nta/nti turist?

؟ﺖﺴﻳﺮُﺗ ِﺖﻧ / َﺖﻧ شاو

I work with the Peace Corps. ana xddam(a) mعa hay'at

s-salam.

. مﻼَﺴﻟا ﺔَﺌﻴَه َﻊﻣ ( ة ) ماّﺪﺧ ﺎﻧأ

(8)

Lesson 7

Dialogue

Fatima: s-salamu عalaykum.

ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ ُمﻼَﺴﻟا : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: wa عalaykum s-salam.

مﻼَﺴﻟا ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ َو : مﻮ ﻃ

Fatima: smн li, weš nta fransawi?

؟يوﺎﺴﻧَﺮﻓ َﺖﻧ شاو ،ﻲﻟ ﺢﻤﺳ : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: lla, ana mirikani.

. ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻳﺮِﻣ ﺎﻧأ ،ﻻ : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: mnin f mirikan?

؟نﺎﻜﻳﺮِﻣ ف ﻦﻴﻨﻣ : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: mn mdint Seattle f wilayat Washington.

u nti?

و . ﻦُﻄﻨﺷاو ﺔﻳﻻِو ف ﻞﺗﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ

؟ِﺖﻧ : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: mn Rabat.

. طﺎﺑﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: šнal f عmrk?

؟كﺮﻤﻋ ف لﺎﺤﺷ : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: tnayn u عšrin عam. u nta?

؟َﺖﻧ و . مﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﻦﻴَﻨﺗ : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: rbعa u tlatin عam.

. مﺎﻋ ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ و ﺔﻌﺑر : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: weš nta mzuwj wlla mazal?

؟لازﺎﻣ ّﻻو جوﺰﻣ َﺖﻧ شاو : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: mazal. u nti?

؟ِﺖﻧ و . لازﺎﻣ : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: lla, baqiya. weš nta turist?

؟ﺖﺴﻳرﻮﺗ َﺖﻧ شاو . ﺔﻴﻗﺎﺑ ،ﻻ : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: lla, ana xddam mعa

hay'at s-salam.

. مﻼَﺴﻟا ﺔَﺌﻴَه َﻊﻣ ماّﺪﺧ ﺎﻧأ ،ﻻ : مﻮﻃ

Fatima: bslama.

. ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا ب : ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ

Tom: n-šufk mn bعd.

. ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻓﻮﺸﻧ : مﻮﻃ

(9)

Page 14

Lesson 8

Demonstrative Adjectives & Demonstrative Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns

this (masc.) hada اﺪَه

this (fem.) hadi يﺪَه

these (plur.) hadu وﺪَه

that (masc.) hadak كاﺪَه

that (fem.) hadik ﻚﻳﺪَه

those (plur.) haduk كوﺪَه

These forms may be used at the beginning of a sentence, in the middle or at the end of a sentence, or in questions. In Arabic, these pronouns can represent people.

This is a chair. hada kursi.

. ﻲﺳﺮُآ اﺪَه

This is a table. hadi ṭbla.

. ﺔﻠﺒﻃ يﺪَه

This is Abdallah. hada Abdallah.

. ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ اﺪَه

This is Aicha. hadi Aicha.

. ﺔﺸﻴﻋ يﺪَه

What’s this? (masc. object) šnu / aš hada?

؟اﺪَه شأ / ﻮﻨﺷ

What’s this? (fem. object) šnu / aš hadi?

؟يﺪَه شأ / ﻮﻨﺷ

Who is this? (masc.) škun hada?

؟اﺪَه نﻮﻜﺷ

Who is this? (fem.) škun hadi?

؟يﺪَه نﻮﻜﺷ

What is that? (masc. object) šnu / aš hadak?

؟كاﺪَه شأ / ﻮﻨﺷ

Who is that? (fem.) škun hadik?

؟ﻚﻳﺪَه نﻮﻜﺷ

Demonstrative Adjectives

this/these (masc. / fem. / plur.) had

ﺪَه

that (masc.) dak

كاد

that (fem.) dik

ﻚﻳد

those (plur.) duk

كود

(10)

Lesson 9

Mealtime Expressions

In the name of God (said when you begin an activity: eating, drinking,

working, studying, traveling, etc.). bismillah

ﷲا ِﻢﺴِﺑ

Thanks to God (said after finishing a meal, or after expressing that all is well

in life). l-нamdullah

ﷲا ُﺪﻤَﺤﻟا

I don’t eat ... meat eggs fish chicken

ma-kan-akul-š...l-lнm l-biḍ

l-нut d-djaj

ﻢﺤﻠﻟا ﺶﻠآﺎﻨَآ ﺎﻣ /

ﺾﻴﺒﻟا / تﻮﺤﻟا

/ جﺎﺟﺪﻟا .

I drink tea / coffee without sugar. kan-šrb atay / l-qhwa bla skkar.

. ﺮَﻜﺳ ﻼﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا / يﺎﺗأ بﺮﺸﻨَآ

I eat everything. kan-akul kulši.

. ﻲﺸﻠُآ ﻞآ ﺎﻨَآ

I eat vegetables only. kan-akul ġir l-xoḍra.

. ةﺮﻀﺨﻟا ﺮﻴﻏ ﻞآﺎﻨَآ

I don’t feel like eating. ma-fiya ma-y-akul.

. ﻞُآﺎﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺎّﻴﻓ ﺎﻣ

I want just/only ... bġit ġir ...

... ﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I don’t want to have breakfast. ma-bġit-š n-fṭr.

. ﺮﻄﻔﻧ ﺶﺘﻴﻐﺑ ﺎﻣ

The food is delicious. l-makla bnina.

. ﺔﻨﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻠآﺎﻤﻟا

I’m full. šbعt.

. ﺖﻌﺒﺷ

I want to learn how to cook. bġit n-tعllm n-ṭiyb.

. ﺐّﻴﻄﻧ ﻢّﻠﻌﺘﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

May God replenish / reward you.

(said after a meal to thank host) lla y-xlf.

. ﻒﻠﺨﻳ ﷲا

To your health (said to someone after eating, drinking, coming out of the hammam, wearing new clothes, having a hair cut, etc.)

bṣṣннa.

. ﺔّﺤﺼﻟا ب

May God grant you health too.

(response to the above) lla y-عtik ṣṣннa

. ﺔّﺤﺼﻟا ﻚﻴﻄﻌﻳ ﷲا

(11)

Lesson 10

Thanking Expressions

Thank you. šukran.

ًاﺮﻜُﺷ

You’re welcome. bla jmil.

. ﻞﻴﻤﺟ ﻼﺑ

Page 20

Lesson 11

Expressions for Nighttime / Sleeping

I’m tired. (male speaker) ana عiyan.

. نﺎّﻴﻋ ﺎﻧأ

I’m tired. (female speaker) ana عiyana.

. ﺔﻧﺎّﻴﻋ ﺎﻧأ

I want to read a little bit. bġit n-qra šwiya.

. ﺔﻳﻮﺷ ىﺮﻘﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want to go to bed. bġit n-nعs.

. ﺲﻌّﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

Where I am going to sleep? fin ġadi n-nعs.

؟ﺲﻌّﻧ يدﺎﻏ ﻦﻴﻓ

Excuse me, I want to go to bed.

(addressing a group of people) smнu li, bġit n-mši n-nعs.

. ﺲﻌّﻧ ﻲﺸﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ ،ﻲﻟ ﻮﺤﻤﺳ

I want to go to bed early. bġit n-nعs bkri.

. يﺮﻜﺑ ﺲﻌّﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want to get up early. bġit n-fiq bkri.

. يﺮﻜﺑ ﻖﻴﻔﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want a blanket. bġit waнd l-manṭa.

. ﺔﻄﻧﺎﻤﻟا ﺪﺣاو ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

Lesson 12

Hygiene/Cleanliness Expressions

I want to wash my hands with

soap. bġit n-ġsl yddi b ṣ-ṣabun.

. نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟا ب يّﺪﻳ ﻞﺴﻐﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want to brush my teeth. bġit n-ġsl snani.

. ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺳ ﻞﺴﻐﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want hot water, please. bġit l-ma s-sxun عafak.

. نﻮﺨﺴﻟا ﺎﻤﻟا ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want to take a shower. bġit n-duwš.

. شّوﺪﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

I want to go to the hammam. bġit n-mši l-нmmam.

. مﺎّﻤﺤﻟا ﻲﺸﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

(12)

Lesson 13

Offering Help / Asking for Favors

Can I help you? weš n-عawnk? ؟ﻚﻧوﺎﻌﻧ شاو

Excuse me. (to a man) smн li. .ﻲﻟ ﺢﻤﺳ

Excuse me. (to a woman) smнi li. .ﻲﻟ ﻲﺤﻤﺳ

Give me ... please. عṭini ... عafak. .كﺎﻔَﻋ ... ﻲﻨﻴﻄﻋ

Page 21

Lesson 14

Being Sick

I’m sick. (male speaker) ana mriḍ.

. ﺾﻳﺮﻣ ﺎﻧأ

I’m sick. (female speaker) ana mriḍa.

. ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻣ ﺎﻧأ

I want to rest a bit. bġit n-rtaн swiya.

. ﺔّﻳﻮﺳ حﺎﺗﺮﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

Do you feel better? briti šwiya?

؟ﺔّﻳﻮﺷ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﺑ

Lesson 15

Transportation Expressions

I want to go to ... bġit n-mši l ...

... ل ﻲ ﺸﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

Take me to ... please. ddini l ... عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ ... ل ﻲﻨﻳّد

Stop here, please. wqf hna عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ ﺎﻨه ﻒﻗو

Is the meter on? weš l-kuntur xddam?

؟ماّﺪﺧ رﻮﺘﻧﻮﻜﻟا شاو

Turn on the meter, please. xddm l-kuntur عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ رﻮﺘﻧﻮﻜﻟا مّﺪﺧ

Lesson 16

Responses to Problems/Difficulties/Apologies

It’s not a problem. maši muškil.

. ﻞِﻜﺸُﻣ ﻲﺷﺎﻣ

There is no problem. ma-kayn muškil.

. ﻞِﻜﺸُﻣ ﻦﻳﺎآ ﺎﻣ

(13)

Lesson 17

Congratulations

Congratulations. mbruk

كوﺮﺒﻣ

Happy holiday. mbruk l-عid.

. ﺪﻴﻌﻟا كوﺮﺒﻣ

May God grant you grace.

(response to the above) lla y-bark fik.

. ﻚﻴﻓ كرﺎﺒﻳ ﷲا

Lesson 18

Communication

I don’t understand. ma-fhmt-š.

. ﺶﺘﻤﻬﻓ ﺎﻣ

I don’t know. ma-n-عrf.

. فﺮﻌﻧ ﺎﻣ

Slowly please. b šwiya عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﺷ ب

Repeat please. (to a man) عawd عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ دوﺎﻋ

Repeat please. (to a woman) عawdi عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ يدوﺎﻋ

What did you say? šnu glti?

؟ﻲﺘﻠﮔ ﻮﻨﺷ

(14)

Lesson 19

Numerals

Numbers 1 thru 10

In Moroccan Arabic, there are two ways to combine the numbers 3 through 10 with an object. We sometimes use the “full” or normal form of the number, and sometimes we use a “short” form of the number. Here is a table listing the full form of numbers 1-10 and the short form of numbers 3-10.

Full Forms Short Forms

one (masc.) waнd

ﺪﺣاو

^Ø

Ø

one (fem.) wнda

ةﺪﺣو

^Ø

Ø

two juj

جﻮﺟ

^Ø

Ø

three tlata

ﺔﺗﻼﺗ

^tlt

ﺖﻠﺗ

four rbعa

ﺔﻌﺑر

^rbع

ﻊﺑر

five xmsa

ﺔﺴﻤﺧ

^xms

ﺲﻤﺧ

six stta

ﺔّﺘﺳ

^stt

ّﺖﺳ

seven sbعa

ﺔﻌﺒﺳ

^sbع

ﻊﺒﺳ

eight tmnya

ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺗ

^tmn

ﻦﻤﺗ

nine tsعud

دﻮﻌﺴﺗ

^tsع

ﻊﺴﺗ

ten عšra

ةﺮﺸﻋ

^عšr

ﺮﺸﻋ

(15)

Page 24

Lesson 20

Numbers 11 thru 19

The numbers 11 thru 19 do not have a short form. Only numbers 3 thru 10 have a short form.

eleven нḍaš

شﺎﻀﺣ

twelve ṭnaš

شﺎﻨﻃ

thirteen tlṭaš

شﺎﻄﻠﺗ

fourteen rbعṭaš

شﺎﻄﻌﺑر

fifteen xmsṭaš

شﺎﻄﺴﻤﺧ

sixteen sṭṭaš

شﺎّﻄﺳ

seventeen sbعṭaš

شﺎﻄﻌﺒﺳ

eighteen tmnṭaš

شﺎﻄﻨﻤﺗ

nineteen tsعṭaš

شﺎﻄﻌﺴﺗ

(16)

Lesson 21

Numbers 20, 30, 40 ... 99

For a multiple of ten (20, 30, 40 etc.) in Arabic, we simply use the name for that number, like in English.

For numbers such as 21, 22, or 23, however, it is not like English. In Arabic, the “ones” digit is pronounced first, followed by the word “and,” then followed by the “tens” digit. For example, in Arabic the number 21 is literally “one and twenty” while the number 47 is literally “seven and forty.” Also, remember that for the numbers 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, and 92, we do not use juj. Rather, we use tnayn. Here is a list of the multiples of ten, with examples of numbers between each multiple:

twenty عšrin

ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ

twenty-one

literally: one and twenty waнd u عšrin

ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﺪﺣاو

twenty-two

literally: two and twenty Remember: “tnayn,” not “juj”

tnayn u عšrin

ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﻦﻴَﻨﺗ

twenty-three

literally: three and twenty tlata u عšrin

ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﺔﺗﻼﺗ

twenty-four rbعa u عšrin

ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﺔﻌﺑر

thirty tlatin

ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ

thirty-one waнd u tlatin

ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ و ﺪﺣاو

thirty-two tnayn u tlatin

ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ و ﻦﻴَﻨﺗ

thirty-three tlata u tlatin

ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ و ﺔﺗﻼﺗ

forty rbعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺑر

forty-one waнd u rbعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺑر و ﺪﺣاو

forty-two tnayn u rbعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺑر و ﻦﻴَﻨﺗ

fifty xmsin

ﻦﻴﺴﻤﺧ

sixty sttin

ﻦﻴّﺘﺳ

seventy sbعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺒﺳ

eighty tmanin

ﻦﻴﻧﺎﻤﺗ

ninety tsعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺴﺗ

ninety-nine tsعud u tsعin

ﻦﻴﻌﺴﺗ و دﻮﻌﺴﺗ

(17)

Page 30

Lesson 22

Time

To express time, we use the demonstrative pronoun hadi and the appropriate number with the definite article. This means that for 1:00, 5:00, 10:00, and 11:00, we will use the letter l (ل) before the number, while for the others, we will double the first consonant.

one l-wнda

ةﺪﺣﻮﻟا

^seven ^s-sbعa

ﺔﻌﺒﺴﻟا

two j-juj

جﻮﺠﻟا

^eight ^t-tmnya

ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺘﻟا

three t-tlata

ﺔﺗﻼﺘﻟا

^nine ^t-tsعud

دﻮﻌﺴﺘﻟا

four r-rbعa

ﺔﻌﺑﺮﻟا

^ten ^l-عšra

ةﺮﺸﻌﻟا

five l-xmsa

ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻟا

^eleven ^l-нḍaš

شﺎﻀﺤﻟا

six s-stta

ﺔّﺘﺴﻟا

^twelve ^ṭ-ṭnaš

شﺎ ﻨﻄﻟا

Like in English, Arabic uses certain words to express things like “quarter to five,” “half past seven,” etc.

before ql

ﻞﻗ

twenty minutes tulut

ﺖُﻠُﺗ

and u

و

^half ^nṣ

ﺺﻧ

exactly nišan

نﺎﺸﻴﻧ

quarter to lla rob

بُر ّﻻ

quarter rbع

ﻊﺑر

five minutes qṣm

ﻢﺼﻗ

ten minutes qṣmayn

ﻦﻴَﻤﺼﻗ

(18)

Lesson 23

Some examples of asking and answering about time:

What time is it? šнal hadi f s-saعa?

؟ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا ف يﺪَه لﺎﺤﺷ

It is exactly one o’clock. hadi l-wнda nišan.

. نﺎﺸﻴﻧ ةﺪﺣﻮﻟا يﺪَه

It is five minutes past two. hadi j-juj u qṣm.

. ﻢﺼﻗ و جﻮﺠﻟا يﺪَه

It is ten minutes past three. hadi t-tlata u qṣmayn.

. ﻦﻴَﻤﺼﻗ و ﺔﺗﻼﺘﻟا يﺪَه

It is a quarter past four. hadi r-rbعa u rbع.

. ﻊﺑر و ﺔﻌﺑﺮﻟا يﺪَه

It is twenty minutes past five. hadi l-xmsa u tulut.

. ﺖُﻠُﺗ و ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻟا يﺪَه

It is twenty-five minutes past six. hadi s-stta u xmsa u

عšrin.

. ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ و ﺔﺴﻤﺧ و ﺔّﺘﺴﻟا يﺪَه

It is seven thirty. hadi s-sbعa u nṣ.

. ﺺﻧ و ﺔﻌﺒﺴﻟا يﺪَه

It is eight thirty-five. hadi tmnya u xmsa u tlatin.

. ﻦﻴﺗﻼﺗ و ﺔﺴﻤﺧ و ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺘﻟا يﺪَه

It is twenty minutes to nine. hadi t-tsعud ql tulut.

. ﺖُﻠُﺗ ﻞﻗ دﻮﻌﺴﺘﻟا يﺪَه

It is a quarter to ten. hadi l-عšra lla rob.

. بُر ّﻻ ةﺮﺸﻌﻟا يﺪَه

It is ten minutes to eleven hadi l-нḍaš ql qṣmayn.

. ﻦﻴَﻤﺼﻗ ﻞﻗ شﺎﻀﺤﻟا يﺪَه

It is five minutes to twelve. hadi ṭ-ṭnaš ql qṣm.

. ﻢﺼﻗ ﻞﻗ شﺎﻨﻄﻟا يﺪَه

6:30 A.M. s-stta u nṣ d ṣ-ṣbaн

حﺎﺒﺼﻟا د ﺺﻧ و ﺔّﺘﺴﻟا

5:15 P.M. l-xmsa u rbع d l-عšiya

. ﺔﻴﺸﻌﻟا د ﻊﺑر و ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻟا

(19)

Page 34

Lesson 24

At the Hanoot Vocabulary

store нanut

تﻮﻧﺎﺣ

^peanuts ^{kaw kaw}

وﺎآ وﺎآ

store keeper mul l-нanut

تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا لﻮﻣ

^almonds ^l-luz

زﻮﻠﻟا

soda l-monada

ادﺎﻧﻮﻤﻟا

^bottle ^l-qrعa

ﺔﻋﺮﻘﻟا

chocolate š-šklaṭ

طﻼﻜﺸﻟا

bottle of water qrعa d l-ma

ﺎﻤﻟا د ﺔﻋﺮﻗ

candies l-нlwa

ةﻮﻠﺤﻟا

^Kleenex ^kliniks

ﺲﻜِﻨِﻠآ

gum l-mska

ﺔﻜﺴﻤﻟا

toilet paper ppapiyi jinik

ﻚﻴﻨِﺟ ﻲﱢﻴﭘﺎﭘ

cookies l-biskwi

يﻮﻜﺴِﺒﻟا

tooth paste dontifris

ﺲﻳﺮﻔِﺘﻧود

juice l-عaṣir

ﺮﻴﺼَﻌﻟا

^soap ^ṣ-ṣabun

نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟا

bread l-xubz

ﺰﺒُﺨﻟا

^shampoo ^š-šampwan

ناﻮﺒﻤَﺸﻟا

jam l-konfitur

رﻮﺘِﻔﻨُﻜﻟا

^detergent ^tid

ﺪﻴﺗ

butter z-zbda

ةﺪﺑﺰﻟا

^bleach ^javel

ﻞﻴﭬﺎﺟ

eggs l-biḍ

ﺾﻴﺒﻟا

^batteries ^{l-нjrat d}_r-radyu

د تاﺮﺠﺤﻟا

ﻮﻳداﺮﻟا

yogurt danon

نﻮﻧاد

^razor ^r-razwar

راوزاﺮﻟا

milk l-нlib

ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا

tobacco store ṣ-ṣaka

ﺔآﺎﺼﻟا

coffee l-qhwa

ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا

cigarettes l-garru

وّرﺎﮕ ﻟا

tea atay

يﺎﺗأ

package(s) bakiya(t)

تﺎﻴﻜﺑ / ﺔﻴآﺎﺑ

sugar s-skkar

ﺮﱠﻜﺴﻟا

cheese l-frmaj

جﺎﻣﺮﻔﻟا

^money ^l-flus

سﻮﻠﻔﻟا

oil z-zit

ﺖﻳﺰﻟا

^change ^ṣ-ṣrf

فﺮﺼﻟا

(20)

Lesson 25

Shopping Expressions

Do you have ... ? weš عndk ... ?

؟ ... كﺪﻨﻋ شاو

Yes, I do (have). iyeh, عndi.

. يﺪﻨﻋ ،ﻪﻳإ

No, I don’t (have). lla, ma-عndi-š.

. ﺶﻳﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻣ ،ﻻ

Is there ... ? weš kayn ... ?

؟ ... ﻦﻳﺎآ شاو

Yes, there is. (masc.) iyeh, kayn / mujud

دﻮﺟﻮﻣ / ﻦﻳﺎآ ،ﻪﻳإ

Yes, there is. (fem.) iyeh, kayna / mujuda

ةدﻮﺟﻮﻣ / ﺔﻨﻳﺎآ ،ﻪﻳإ

No, there isn’t. (masc.) lla, ma-kayn-š.

ﺶﻨﻳﺎآ ﺎﻣ ،ﻻ

No, there isn’t. (fem.) lla, ma-kayna-š.

شﺎﻨﻳﺎآﺎﻣ ،ﻻ

Give me ... please. عṭini ... عafak.

. كﺎﻔَﻋ ... ﻲﻨﻴﻄﻋ

What do you want ma’am / sir? šnu bġiti a lalla/sidi?

؟يﺪﻴﺳ / ﻼَﻟ أ ﻲﺘﻴﻐﺑ ﻮﻨﺷ

How much? bšнal?

لﺎﺤﺸﺑ

Do you have change? weš عndk ṣ-ṣrf?

؟فﺮﺼﻟا كﺪﻨﻋ شاو

Do you have change for ... ? weš عndk ṣ-ṣrf dyal..?

؟ ... لﺎﻳد فﺮﺼﻟا كﺪﻨﻋ شاو

Liters

liter itru

وﺮﺗإ

¼ liter rubuع itru

وﺮﺗإ ﻊُﺑُر

½ liter nṣ itru

وﺮﺗإ ﺺﻧ

1 liter waнd itru

وﺮﺗإ ﺪﺣاو

2 liters juj itru

وﺮﺗإ جﻮﺟ

I want ½ a liter of milk. bġit nṣ itru d l-нlib.

. ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا د وﺮﺗإ ﺺﻧ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

(21)

Page 35

Lesson 26

Shopping : practice dialogue

Dialogue

Karla: s-salamu عalaykum.

ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ ُمﻼَﺴﻟا : ﻻرﺎآ

mul l-нanut: wa عalaykum s-salam.

šnu bġiti a lalla?

؟ّﻼَﻟ أ ﻲﺘﻴﻐﺑ ﻮﻨﺷ . مﻼَﺴﻟا ﻢُﻜﻴَﻠَﻋ َو : تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا لﻮﻣ

Karla: weš عndk šklaṭ?

؟طﻼﻜﺷ كﺪﻨﻋ شاو : ﻻرﺎآ

mul l-нanut: iyeh, mujud a lalla.

. ّﻼَﻟ أ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ،ﻪﻳإ : تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا لﻮﻣ

Karla: عṭini juj bakiyat.

bšнal?

؟لﺎﺤﺸﺑ . تﺎﻴﻜَﺑ جﻮﺟ ﻲﻨ ﻴﻄﻋ : ﻻرﺎآ

mul l-нanut: ṭnaš l drhm.

. ﻢهرد ل شﺎﻨﻃ : تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا لﻮﻣ

Karla: hak, barak llah u fik.

. ﻚﻴﻓ و ﷲا كَرﺎﺑ ،كﺎه : ﻻرﺎآ

mul l-нanut: bla jmil

. ﻞﻴﻤﺟ ﻼﺑ : تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا لﻮﻣ

1. feen kayna Karla?

؟ﻻرﺎآ ﺔﻨﻳﺎآ ﻦﻴﻓ . 1

2. weš šrat l-нlib?

؟ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا تاﺮﺷ شاو . 2

3. šnu šrat mn l-нanut?

؟تﻮﻧﺎﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ تاﺮﺷ ﻮﻨﺷ . 3

4. šнal mn bakiya?

؟ﺔﻴﻜَﺑ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺤﺷ . 4

5. bšнal?

؟لﺎﺤﺸﺑ . 5

(22)

Lesson 27

Verb “to want”

In Moroccan Arabic, the verb “to want” is bġa (TTﻰﻐﺑ). This verb uses the past tense but has a present tense meaning. When conjugated in the present tense, bġa means “to like.” .

I want bġit

ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

you want (sing.) bġiti

ﻲﺘﻴﻐﺑ

he wants bġa

ﻰﻐﺑ

she wants bġat

تﺎﻐﺑ

we want bġina

ﺎﻨﻴﻐﺑ

you want (plur.) bġitu

ﻮﺘﻴﻐﺑ

they want bġau

وﺎﻐﺑ

Verb + Noun Examples

I want tea. bġit atay.

. يﺎﺗأ ﺖﻴﻐﺑ

Do you want coffee with sugar? weš bġiti l-qhwa b skkar?

؟ﺮﱠﻜﺴﻟا ب ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻲﺘﻴﻐﺑ شاو

Ali wants a glass of water. Ali bġa kas d l-ma.

. ﺎﻤﻟا د سﺎآ ﻰﻐﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ

Driss and Fatima don’t want soda.

Driss u Fatima ma-bġau-š

l-monada.

. ادﺎﻧﻮﻤﻟا شوﺎﻐﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻤِﻃﺎﻓ و ﺲﻳرد

(23)

Page 38/39

Lesson 28

Family Members Vocabulary

woman/wife mra

اﺮﻣ

^in-law(s) nsib / nsab

/ ﺐﻴﺴﻧ

بﺎﺴﻧ

man/husband rajl

ﻞﺟار

^step-son ^rbib

ﺐﻴﺑر

girl/daughter bnt

ﺖﻨﺑ

step-daughter rbiba

ﺔﺒﻴﺑر

boy/son wld

ﺪﻟو

grandfather jdd

ّﺪﺟ

girls/daughters bnat

تﺎﻨﺑ

grandmother jdda

ةّﺪﺟ

boys/sons/

children wlad

دﻻو

uncle (paternal) عmm

ّﻢﻋ

the parents l-walidin

ﻦﻳﺪِﻟاﻮﻟا

aunt (paternal) عmma

ﺔّﻤﻋ

uncle (maternal) xal

لﺎﺧ

the father l'ab

بَﻷا

aunt (maternal) xala

ﺔﻟﺎﺧ

the mother l'om

مُﻷا

^{my nephew}(brother’s side) wld xuya

ﺎﻳﻮﺧ ﺪﻟو

the brother l'ax

خَﻷا

^{my niece}(brother’s side) bnt xuya

ﺎﻳﻮﺧ ﺖﻨﺑ

the sister l'oxt

ﺖﺧُﻷا

These forms are rarely used in Moroccan Arabic.

Sometimes they are used with

“dyal.” More often, we use the forms “my father,

“my sister,” etc. my nephew

(sister’s side) wld xti

ﻲﺘﺧ ﺪﻟو

my niece

(sister’s side) bnt xti

ﻲﺘﺧ ﺖﻨﺑ

(my) brother xu(ya)

ﺎﻳﻮﺧ

^{my cousin}(mas., paternal) wld عmm(t)i

ﺪﻟو ﻲّﻤﻋ / ﻋ ﻲﺘّﻤ

brothers/ siblings xut

تﻮﺧ

^{my cousin}(mas., maternal) wld xal(t)i

ﺪﻟو ﻲﻟﺎﺧ / ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺧ

(my) sister xt(i)

ﻲﺘﺧ

my cousin

(fem, paternal) bnt عmm(t)i

ﺖﻨﺑ ﻲّﻤﻋ / ﻲﺘّﻤﻋ

ﺖﻨﺑ

(24)

my father bba

ﺎّﺑ

^{my mother} ^mmi

ﻲّﻣ

your father bbak

كﺎّﺑ

your mother mmk

ﻚّﻣ

his father bbah

ﻩﺎّﺑ

his mother mmu

ﻮّﻣ

her father bbaha ﺎهﺎّﺑ her mother mha ﺎﻬﻣ

Page 39

Lesson 29

Family Expressions

How is Mohamed related to

you? aš kay-jeek Mohamed?

؟ﺪﻤَﺤُﻣ ﻚﻴﺠ ﻴَآ شأ

How is Amina related to you? aš kat-jeek Amina?

؟ﺔﻨﻴﻣأ ﻚﻴﺠﺘَآ شأ

My mom doesn’t work. mmi ma-xddama-š.

. شﺎﻣاّﺪﺧ ﺎﻣ ﻲّﻣ

My mom and dad are divorced. bba u mmi mṭllqin.

. ﻦﻴﻘّﻠﻄﻣ ﻲّﻣ و ﺎّﺑ

I have two twin siblings. عndi juj xut twam.

. ماﻮﺗ تﻮﺧ ج ﻮﺟ يﺪﻨﻋ

How many siblings do you

have? šнal d l-xut عndk?

؟كﺪﻨﻋ تﻮﺨﻟا د لﺎﺤﺷ

How many sisters do you have? šнal mn oxt عndk?

؟كﺪﻨﻋ ﺖﺧُأ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺤﺷ

What’s your father’s name? šnu smit bbak?

؟كﺎّﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﺳ ﻮﻨﺷ

How old is your brother? šнal f عmr xuk?

؟كﻮﺧ ﺮﻤﻋ ف لﺎﺤﺷ

I have a younger brother. عndi xuya ṣġr mnni.

. ﻲّﻨﻣ ﺮﻐﺻ ﺎﻳﻮﺧ يﺪﻨﻋ

My (male) cousin and I are the

same age. ana u wld عmmi qd qd.

. ﺪﻗ ﺪﻗ ﻲّﻤﻋ ﺪﻟو و ﺎﻧأ

My older sister is a teacher. xti lli kbr mnni ustada.

. ةدﺎﺘﺳُأ ﻲّﻨﻣ ﺮﺒآ ﻲﻠﻟا ﻲﺘﺧ

My younger brother goes to

school. xuya lli ṣġr mnni kay-qra.

. ىﺮﻘﻴَآ ﻲّﻨﻣ ﺮﻐﺻ ﻲﻠﻟا ﺎﻳﻮﺧ

(25)

Page 41

Lesson 30

Practice Text

smiti John. baba smitu Stephen u mama smitha Judy. عndi tlata d l-xut: juj bnat u wld. xuya smitu Brian. huwa xddam f waнd š-šarika. xti Kathy.

mzuwja u عndha jooj drari: wld u bnt. l-wld mazal ṣġir عndu tlt šhur. l-bnt عndha tmn sneen u