Identifying major consumer items in the rural areas : preliminary overall view

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in

UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Distr.

LIMITED

E/ECA/TRADE/94 6 November 1987

ENGLISH

Original x FRENCH

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

African Regional Expert Group Meeting on Intra-African and Domestic Trade Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

9-13 November 1987

IDENTIFYING MAJOR CONSUMER ITEMS „ THE RURM,

Preliminary overall view

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CONTENTS

Paragraphs

Introduction „.„ 1 - 3

I. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT FOOD SUPPLY SITUATION 4-28

A. Relationship between the farming population and the total

population 4

B. Trends in food production 5 - 7

C. Supply of plant products 8 - 28

D. Supply of animal products 26 - 28

II. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING THE DEMAND FOR

MAJOR CONSUMER 29 - 47

A. Purpose of demand 29 - 42

1. Composition of consumption of major groups of

products 30

2. Inadequate food production 31

3. Food imports . 32 - 42

B. Mode of consumption 43 - 47

III. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 48 - 56

Statistical Annex

Table I: Total population, farming population and active populations estimates for 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980 et 1985 (in thousands)

Table II A-Cs Cereals production in the ECCAS countries (1980-1986)

Table III A-B: Total production of roots and tubers in the ECCAS countries (1980-1986)

Table IV: Heat production (1976-1986)

Table V: Milk production (1976-1986)

Table VI: Main foodstuffs consumed (in terms of calories)

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INTRODUCTION

1. Since the adoption of the Lagos Plan of Action which defines food self- sufficiency as the ultimate goal to be attained by African countries, African countries have been making ceaseless efforts to improve the conditions of supply and demand for the food required by their people. Despite foreign assistance in the form of agricultural loans, African countries have recently gone through an unprecedented food crisis. There are, however, countries that have food surpluses and others that have almost chronic food shortages.

2. The aim of the study is to analyse the current food production and consumption situation in African countries in order to identify as far as possible those countries that can produce enough surplus food to sell to those

countries that have shortfalls in food production.

3. The study, which is based in the main on statistical data prepared by FAO, tries to cover the whole African region and basically contains an analysis of the production and consumption of the food staples of the rural populations

of African countries.

I. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT FOODSUPPLY SITUATION

A. Relationship between the farming population and the total population 4. Table I in the annex shows the importance of the economically active population in agriculture in terms of Africa's total population of. Agriculture is a key activity in the majority of African countries. In 1985, the most recent year for which data are available, the farming population accounted on the average for more than 65 per cent of the total population in all African countries. The percentage of the farming population in the total population

of the North African countries was much lower than the other African countries

which had particularly high percentages of their peopulation in farmings.

More than 80 per cent of the population of the following countries worked in agriculture: Burundi, Rwanda, Burkina Faso, Comoros, Mali, Mozambique,

the Niger, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda.

B. Trends in food production

5. During the period 1980-1984, the food production indices increased by only 1.1 per cent per year for the whole of Africa. Table I illustrates the trends in food production for each of Africa's subregions.

7. Since the years 1974-1976 are used as base years, table 2 above shows

that the per capita increase in food production resulted in a decrease of

1.9 per cent for Africa as a whole. It will also be noted that no subregion

recorded any improvements in terms of the per capita production indices for the base period: West Africa recorded a decline of 2.3 per cent. East Africa 2.2 per cent, North Africa 1.7 per cent and Central Africa 0.9 per cent. This situation is the result of several factors, the main ones being the increase in the African population and the drought which affected the African continent

during the period under consideration. According to the secretariat's data,

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Table 1: Indices and trends in food production, for each subregion

Subregion

Index

(1974-1976 = 100)

1980 1981 1902 1983 1984 1980- 1981

Exponential rate of growth

1981- 1982

1982- 1983

1983- 1934

1980 1984

North-West

North-East West

East Central Southern

Total

1/ 1/

112 108 114 109 106 97

110

. 100 114 na 113 109 103

113

111 111 122 116 112 103

116

109 112 113 116 113 99

113

115 115 121 113 114 102

117

-10,8 5,8 3,4 3,6 2,8 : 5,7

2,0

11,5 2,S 3,6 2,4 2,9 0,4

3,2

.-1,9

1,2

-7,4 s -0,1

0,6

-4,1

-3,1

5,1

2,5 7,2 -2,2 1,1 3.4

3,4

1,4 1,1

0,8 1,0 1,8 0.6

1,1

Source: FAO, Computerized statements on indices in 1934 and computerized statements on the exponential rate of growth.

If Horth-West Africa comprises: Algeria, Morocco, the Western Sahara, Tunisia and

Worth-East Africa comprises Egypt and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

6. .This table shows that the highest increase was in Central Africa with 1,8 per cent;

the lowest increase was in Southern Africa - 0.6 per cent, followed closely by West Africa with 0.8 per cent.

Table 2: Indices and trends in per capita food production for each subregion

Subregion

Korth-West West

tlorth-East East

Central South

Total

Index

(1974-1976 .-

1900

97 97 94 93 92 84

95

1961

84 97 96 93 93 36

94

100)

1982

90 98 91 93 93 84

94

1983

86 88 90 90 91 79

09

1984

88 91 90 05 89 79

89

1900- 1901

-13S5 0,2 2,9 0,3

0,1

2»7

-1,0

Exponential rate

1981- 1982

8,1

0,4, -5,4 -0,8 0,2 -2,4

, 0,1

1983

■-5,0

-10,2 -1,4 -3,2 -2,1 -6,8

-6,0

of growth

1903- 1934

1.9-

3,9 -0,2 -5,3

-1,5 0,5

0,3

1980 1984

-1S7 -2,3 -1.5 -2,2 -0,9 -2,2

-1,9

Source: FAO, Computerized statements on indices in 1984 and computerized statements

on the exponential rate of growth.

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:/::ca/tk/j)e/94 3

the main trends in the African population durir.g.. tha 1970f and 1980f, were the following: a substantial increase in population zr.d c^trexaly rapid urbanization which means that these factors will influence the number of producers who have to meet food demand. Another equally important factor is that the drought severely affected a nuaber of African countries thereby causing a decline in agricultural and aninal production in Africa.

c* Supply of plar.t productn

8. Food supply consists of: (a) dorr.astic production; (>>) iiood iirorts less food exports; (c) any food stocks. .Thir .-iialyois will raako a distinction between plant products and animal products and will try to indicate the main

producers of such products in each subregion.

9. The analysis of domestic plant products output will focus on the following groups of products: cereals, roots and tubers and pulses. The secretariat was not able to visit African countries to collect statistics on national production and it will therefore use some otatietics published by FAO to carry out this analysis. T.n this connection, the reference frequently need is the Production Yearbook. The Yecrbook provides juidelinec that r..ike it possible to draw up a certain food production profile for each of tha African countries.

1. West Africa

10. In order to better localize the food producers in the s^bregion, the subregion will be subdivided into natural zones, i.e.: the ir.ariti>ue savannah zone, the humid savavvah zone, the dry savannah zone and the steppe rtnd semi^

desert zone.

11. In the maritime savannah zone which comprises eov.*.h-ee stern Ghana and southern Togo and Benin, the main foodstuffs arc maize and casrava; the iorrcer

is cultivated mainly in Benin and Ghana whila the latter ir; ^rovr. in Togo.

12. In the humid savannah zone which is formed by a contir.uoun K:-nd which covers "he south-western tip of Senegal, part of the '-.■^-■tia .iud Guinea, the northern tip of Sierra Leone, the i-orth of Cote d'lvoire, Ghar.a, Tcgo and Benin, central Nigeria and the south-wect of 2ur!;ina Ff.ko r.y to the acuth of Mali, maize and yams are grown in the eotith, Rnrghu?.; i:\ th--: uorth cr^ dry-

farmed rice throughout the zone.

13. In the dry savannah zone, which conpris^s the centre! ps.rtc of Ssnegal and Mali, most of Burkina Fasos the south of the flir^r zvA th« north of Kigcria,- the mainfood stuffs produced are sorghum and niUct vrhcua yields depend on the volume of annual rainfall. Usv.ally, b^ans r.re cult5.v£tc:d tcsether with

millet and sorghum. Market garden sropc, i.e. , towi.t:^o and potatoes are

grown in countries such ao Senegal, Mali, Burkina Fasc- r.nd the Niger which

have the appropriate growing climate - cold nif-hto during the dry sencon.

14. In the steppe and sc:mi-dasert zone, v;hici- cover? noriihorn 3c*nag^l9 southern

Mauritania, a considerable part of Mali, the f^r north of Eur!:i^.c F.^f-o, the

central part of the Niger and the north-eas^r:: tip of Nigeria, r.orfifils such

as millet and wheat and vaget£.bies are pr-'.-Ivced tor local csr. script ion.

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Total.cereals

Major countries/year 1979/81 1933 1984 1985

Burkina Faso Mali

Niger Nigeria Total

1 166 1 086 1 703 9 559 13 514

2,0 1,8 2,8 15,7

1 106 1 142 1 748 7 562

1,9 2,0 3,1 13,5

1 093 1 013 1 090 9 005

1,9 1,8

1,9

16,2

22,3 11 558 20,6 12 201 22,0

1 583 1 366 1 856 11 630 16 435

2,1 1,3 2,5 15,7 22,2

Total developing

Africa 60 679 100 56 062 100 55 415 100 73 864 100

b) Total, roots and tubers

Major countries/year 1979-81 ¹⁹⁸³ ¹⁹⁸⁴ 1985

Benin

Cote d'Ivoire Ghana

Nigeria

1 372 3 696 3 045 30 072

1,6 4,3 3,5 35,0

1 243 3 891 3 315 28 477

1,4 4,3 3,7 31,8

1 473 4 068 5 693 32 384

1,5 4,2 5,9 33,4

c) Paddv rice

1 658 4 &71 3 823 33 602

4,7

■3,9 34,1

Total

Total developing Africa

38

85 185

942

44,3

100

36

89 926

618

41,2

100

43

96 618

899

45,0

100

43

98 754

535

44,

100

Major countries/year

Cote d'Ivoire Guinea

Guinea-Bissau Liberia

Nigeria Sierra Leone

Total

1979/81

438 356 54 251 1 027 504

2 630

%

5,1 4,1 0,6 2,9 11,9 5,8

30,5

1983

360 396 85 250 1 280 609

2 980

%

3,9 4,4 0,9 2,8 14,2 6,7

33,0

1984

490 403 105 250 1 300 460

3 008

%

5,4 4,5 1,7 2,8 14,4 5,1.

33,3

1985

570 470 -,...

110 252 1 430 . ,

500

3 332

%

6,0 4,9 1,2 2f 7 15,1 5?3

35,1

Total developing

Africa ^{8 620} 100 9 027 100 9 018 100 9 430 100

Sources Extract, FAO Production Yearbook, vol. 39.

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E/ECA/TRADE/94

Page 5

15. The above tables show food production trends in West African countries for the periods of 1979-1981 and 1983 to 1985. The groups of foodstuffs considered in the tables are: all cereals, paddy rice separately and roots and tubers. The data are expressed in metric tons. The main producer countries may be classified on the basis of the regions and climates into three groups,

namely:

(a) The traditional cereal (maize, millet and sorghum) producing

countries;

(b) Traditional rice-producing countries; and

(c) The traditional root- and tuber- producing countries.

16. The examination of the above-mentioned tables shows how badly food production has developed in West Africa. Some major cereal-producing countries of the subregion such as Nigeria had, in 1985, growth rates that were lower than the previous year's. On the other hand, rice production stagnated in almost all the producer countries. In fact, during the period under consideration few countries recorded clear-cut increases in food production.

17. As far as West Africa's food production was concerned, it should be noted that in 1985 six countries produced 35 per cent of developing Africa's total rice production, compared to 30 per cent in 1979-1981. Four West African countries accounted for 22 per cent of Africa's total cereals production.

More than 44 per cent of the roots and tubers were produced in West Africa during the above-mentioned period with Nigeria alone producing more than 34

per cent.

2. Eastern and Southern Africa

18. As in any African subregion, the structure of agricultural production varies considerably according to the climatic zones. In order to draw up the list of major food crops produced in the Eastern and Southern African countries, the secretariat once more used the FAO Production Yearbook. The Yearbook indicates that these countries produce mainly cereals such as maize, wheat, millet, sorghum and paddy rice as well as sugar, honey, pulses and tubers. The tables below also show recent trends in food production in the

countries of the subregion.

19. If the above tables are considered carefully, the initial conclusion that can be drawn is that cereals production is increasing slowly and that in 1985 there was even a slight decline in production in Ethiopia and Zambia.

The main cereals produced by Ethiopia \j are maize (1,300 metric tons in 1985) and sorghum (1,000 metric tons in 1985). Kenya also produces maize (2,650 metric tons in 1985 compared to 1,450 in 1961 and 1,620 in 1980). The other

1/ FAO, country tables, basic data on the agricultural sector.

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Table 4: Trtandg. in_food production (in thousands of metric tons)

a) total, cereals

Major countries/year _1979-1981

5 2 2 1 3 1 1 7

796 277 178 452 001 170 020 697

1985

Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

5 350 3 143 2 320 1 641 3 632 1 343 936 3 437

Source; PAO Production Yearbook vol. 39

b) Roots and tubers

Major countries/year 1979-1981

2

3 6 3

267 556 212 365 654

1985

Madagascar Malawi Mozambique Tanzania Uganda

2 949 574 3 290 6 239 6 230

Source; Ibid

Pulses

Major countries/year _1979-1981 ₁₉₈₅

Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Tanzania Uganda

963 222 204 315 247

944 200 229 358 312

Sources Ibid

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E/EGA/TRADE/94 Page 7

major producers of cereals are Malawi, whose maize production declined in 1985 (1,355 metric tons against 1,398 in 1985), Tanzania which grows maize and rice, Uganda and Zambia which grow sorghums maize and wheat. Madagascar is a major producer of rice (2,173 metric tons in 1985 compared to 2,109 in 1984).

20. The rural areas of five countries, namely Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda grow roots and tubers. Apart from Malawi, which in the category of roots and tubers produces only sweet potatoes, all the others produce cassava. Sweet potatoes are also produced in Madagascar.

The analysis of table 4 above gives a clear idea of the stagnation in root and tuber production in this part of Africa apart from Uganda which recorded

a sharp rise in its production.

21. The major pulse-producing countries are Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. The table above shows a slight decline in the production of Ethiopia and Kenya in 1985 compared to the 1979-1981

period.

3. Central Africa

22. The supply of plant products of the Central African countries is indicated

in tables II, A, B and C and III A and B.

23. Roots and tubers are the main food crops of the Central African countries.

As table III A in the annex shows, Zaire is the leading producer of this group of products (16181 metric tons in 1985), followed by Cameroon and two other member countries of the Economic Community of the Great Lakes countries (CEPGL).

It should be stressed that cassava is the main food crop of Zaire and in 1986, 15,975 metric tons of it was produced. This accounted for 96 per cent of the total production of roots and tubers. This category of products is the

leading food crop in Cameroon.

24. The main cereal producers are the member countries of CEPGL which are

also major producers and consumers of maize.

4. North Africa

25. The main food crops producted by the North African countries are cereals such as wheat, maize and sorghum, sugar and vegetables such as lemons and olives. The main cereal producers are Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and the Sudan.

Small quantities of pulses are produced in the North African countries. Sugar

beetroots are grown in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. It should be

noted that the production systems of these countries are heavily dependent

on the unpredictable mediterranean climate.

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D. Supply of animal products

26. The information in this section is also based on FAO statistical data. 2/

The livestock products analysed are only meat and milk; tables IV and V in the annex show the volume and trends in total production for each country.

1. Meat production

27. According to the tables in the annex, nine African countries 3/ produced in 1986 a total of 3}254 metric tons of meat or 32 per cent of developing

Africa's total production; developing Africa recorded only a slight increase

in production during the period under consideration.

2. Milk production

23. According to the FAO estimates, the volume of mill: production rose in several countries; the main producers were the Sudans Egypt and Kenya.

II. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING THE DEMAND FOR 11AJOR CONSUMER ITEMS .

A. Purpose of demand

29. The main purpose of this chapter is to try to identify the major consumer items in Africa hy determining the composition and mode of consumption of those items. The countries with deficits or surpluses in the major consumer products will be indicated in one of the following sections.

1. Composition of consumption of major groups of products

30. Generallys in African countries the composition of consumption differs

from the composition of production only in as far as the food is imported or exported. It should be stressed that as a result of the lack of storage facilities farmers lose part of their production; in addition*, another portion of production is used to feed animals. The food listed in. the, preceeding chapter is generally consumed in the areas of production or in neighbouring areas which are usually rural.

2/ FAO Production Yearbook, vol. 39.

3_/ The countries are Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenyas Madagascar, Morocco,

the Sudan3 Higcria and the United Republic of Tanzania.

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E/ECA/TRADE/94 Page 9

2. Inadequate food production

31. It is important to try to indicate the main reasons for the low growth in food production. It should be stressed in the first place that food crops are grown mainly by subsistence farmers and that those who devote their time exclusively to producing food intended for sale on the domestic or export markets are rare. In addition,, the bulk of food is produced by small-scale farmers who use rudimentary farming implements and very little fertilizers.

The food crops sector is also characterized by labour that is very unfamiliar with modern farming techniques and is mainly female; moreover, the farm holdings are small. This situation is the cause of low yields which imply a waste of resources in terms of lauour and land. In the absence of production factors needed to increase yields such as improved seeds and varieties, improved cropping methods, fertilizers and agricultural machinery, yields will remain

low and African's, especially the youth will continue to be dislike farming.

Secondly, African Governments continue to favour cash crops by using new factors

of production in order to earn higher foreign exchange revenues through such

export crops while they devote a considerable portion of the foreign exchange earnings to importing food most of which could have been obtained locally.

This shortage in the supply of food in the face of an ever-growing population forces governments to import or request food aid.

3* Food imports

32. The purpose of importing food is either to supplement inadequate domestic

production or to satisfy the local demand for certain types of food that cannot

be produced locally in sufficient; quantity or that are not grown at all. It

is important to specify that food imports are not intended exclusively for

the urban population but also for the rural population whose food habits change

also even if at a slower pace.

33. In this section an attempt will be made to indicate the main importers

of food over the past few years. 4/

34. In West Africa, the following countries import considerable quantities of wheat: Mauritania, Liberia, Cote d'lvoire, ' Nigeria* Ghana, Sierra Leone,

Benin and Burkina Faso. Millet and sorghum are imported by Mauritania, the Niger, Hlgeria, Ghana, the Gambia and Burkina Faso while Cape Verde, Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone import maize. Other West African countries such

as Senegal and Mauritania import rice^ As it can be seen, West African

countries import traditional food items such as millet and sorghum and non-

traditional food items such as rice. It can therefore not be stated that African countries import food only for the urban dwellers v/hose food habits

change rapidly.

35- In the Eastern and Southern African countries, the bulk of food consumed locally is cereals and this is the case for Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar Malawi,

4/ "Food Balance Sheets, FAO, 1979-1981 average".

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Mauritius, Lesotho and Zambia. During the food crisis which affected almost

^LrlCanC°Un?eS f°°d imp°rtS r°Se raPidl" even in countries that are

^ "realS SUCh 3S Zimbabwe h h

biU iicr^ ;\ ^r P

in 1o2T * • V P" Cent fr°m $US 2-6 million in 197" to *«S 81 million Sn<: ,fn' ,1.Slmllar, "tUat,iOn aPPlled « Kenya, whose food imports rose to

$ZJlr\UZ ^L1' °ther SeC°ndary fd " *£

and Z^r.Cer"al,frlCa' SOme countries ^ch as Cameroon, the Congo, Rwanda

?rLI lmP°rted Wheat over the Past few y««s; the Central African Republic

nd vegetable hil

and Z^r.r,fl

?rL«I lmP°rted ,Wheat over the Past few y««s; the Central African Republic

c!C! -'Jlf'r' pulfeLand vegetables while meat was imported by the Congo, Gabon and the Central African Republic. Zaire also imported maize.

of' H,tUQ !,1X H°rt-h Afrlcan «"nt"es imported wheat and, with the exception

£Lw« " * maiZe" C °ther maj°r f°0d items that were imported by the

North African countries were vegetable oils and fats, sugar and meat.

r °£ m°S£ °f thE AfriCan cou"^«s come mainly from overseas

" * aCC°Unt f°r a consid««ble portion of such iraports. In

«reals r/ .C°7trl".impOrted 32"5 mllll<"' ^ons of cereals (wheat, secondary do^H T "«•>•••'"»*.. for that year had been 26.4 million tons. This downward trend may be explained by the fact that the region's ability to finance

Cr£r\\!"P<T' /""! V ^ gradua11" dwindling. This situation is JZ \l< t T1"8 d6Cline in external development resources caused

^M u***l y '« alaraln8 fal1 in eXport ««ni»g«. At the same time, AfrW 1 °"Set by f°°d ald frOm devel°P^ countries particular^

Africa's recent crisis.

^1 lhJLreiare ST Af.iCan countries that export food but in quantities that

are much lower than those imported. The statistical data in the FAO Trade

Yearbook, volume 39S show African food-exporting countries (see the following

40. The table, which indicates only the importing and exporting countries

=r:L™ '

surplus fresh l^rfPUC> Madaacar, Kenya, the Sudan and Zimbab^ produced

surplus tresh meat for consumption.

of' i,?' 'a??3' eXpOr" °f consuner products account for only a tiny proportion

for ?nt~ ff " ' !' AfriCa" COUntrles a« »»«ble to tap the "potential

for intra-Afncan trade. Indeed, the fact that there are more imports than

E/ECA7cM.12/U17ypara.3F2°.Od ImP°rt SubStltUtiOn in ••!•«•« African Countries,

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(in hundreds of metric tons)

Year/country

Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon

Cape Verde Congo

Cdte d'lvoire Egypt

Kenya Liberia Madagascar Malawi Maurice Morocco Niger Senegal Sudan Togo Tunisia Uganda Zimbabwe

Source: FAO

1983

1 229 820 1 778 710 995 5 971 81 143 1,609 1 017 2 769 193 1 675 20 145 703 5 444 4 518 809 11 231 ,231 748

Imports

1984

1 735 1 184 1 221 658 1 079 5 440 86 162 5 564 644 1 584 527 1 876 27 698 534 6 615 5 237 843 10 733 306 3 892

Trade Yearbook, vol.

1985

1 116 1 134 1 393 705 903 2 719 89 035 3 647 1 158 2 053 225 1 843 22 698 2 472 5 100 10 819 790 7 316 202 1 060

39.

1983

10 125

***

2

• a a

25 190 1 252 22 10 766

a 9 m

60 300 52 1 876 1

•• *

303 4 984

Exports

1984

15

* * *

18

* * *

4 368 708 485 16 76 2 513

11

81 200 10 276

a a a

7 400 24

1985

7

• a •

...

-a.

516 166 177

a a .

10 2 033

...

30

4 • ■

• • *

* * *

...

a • .

a a a

2 830

. .. .. .. i, ii ■,r ..,_r

Trade balance

1983

-1 219 -695 -1 778 -708 -995 -5 946 -80 953 -357 -995 -2 759 +573 -1 675 -20 085 -403 -5 392 -2 642 -808 -11 231 +72

1984

I nil -" " l- l- ■■* "

-1 720 -1 184 -1 203 -658 -1 075 -5 072 -85 454 -5 079 -628 -1 508 +1 986 -1 165 -27 617 -334 -6 605 -4 961 -843 -10 726 +94

1985

-1 109 -1 134 -1 393 -705 -903 -2 203 -8 869 -3 470 -1 158 -2 043 +1 808 -1 843 -22 668 -2 472 -5 100 -10 819 -790 -7 316 -202

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exports proves that there is an ever increasing demand. In addition, the annual rate of population growth, which was more than 2 per cent between 1980 and 1935, will continue to rise and will create a rising demand for food. Moreover, African products face sharp competition from overseas products.

B. Mode of consumption

43. The importance of each one of the groups of food items may be indicated by its energy value in per capita consumption. Table VI in the annex 6/ gives a list of major consumer items in Africa. One conclusion that can be drawn from the table is that there is a marked difference between the African subregions as regards the diet which differs according to natural production conditions, government policy with respect to food imports which determines the volume of external purchases and the level of income.

44. In West Africa, as table VI in the annex shows, the main foodstuffs consumed are rice, millets sorghum, maize, roots and tubers. The proportion of rice consumed daily by Guineans, Sierra Leonians and Liberians is very high and accounts: on the average, for more than 30 per cent of total calories consumed. The diet of Burkinabe and the people of the Biger is based on millet and sorghum which average more than 50 per cent of their energy consumption.

45. In Central Africa, roots and tubers play an important role in the diet of the people. In 1984S the daily energy requirements of Zairians came from this group of products and accounted for more than 56 per cent of the total calories from food. This group of products provides a ccnsiderable portion of the energy supply of the population. Dried pulses are also important in

the diet of the people of Burundi and Rwanda.

46. The diet of the people of Eastern and Southern Africa is more varied than that of the people of the West and Central African subregions; maize accounts for more than 40 per cent of the per capita energy intake of Kenya and Lesotho. Roots and tubers provide more than 30 per cent of the daily

energy needs of Mozambicans and Comorians.

47. In the Worth African countries, the diet is based on wheat which provides on the average more than 38 per cent of the daily energy requirements. The other items consumed are oils, fats, sugar and honey.

6/ Prepared from the FAO publication entitled "Country tables, basic

data on the agricultural sector".

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III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

48. The major consumer items are mainly agricultural products. The climate and national policies determine the domestic products that are consumed by

the rural population. '

49. The products intended for consumption increase at a very slow rate This

IIZTZ'T* £r°K tHe £a" th" m°St °£ the rural Pe°Ple Produ« J"«'enough

can be SO1H wl KStfnCe' They rarel* "tempt t0 Produce -»rpl««- thL

can be sold on both the domestic and international markets.

and iT ^nH°f/°fO<i iDPTS th3t ^ constantly increasing comes from overseas

and is intended to supplement the domestic production shortfall. Cereals make up a considerable portion of such imports. The share of intra-African

and traT ^ beCa"Se °£ maj°r °bStaCleS <° th* d-eloPment of production

the

the n,oH»ffaS f°°d consumPtion P«terns in the rural areas are concerned,

Afri"n ""-sumption as analysed in this study change very little in most African countries: rural consumers meet their daily energy requirements with

one or two groups of food items which in most cases are obtained locally.

52 Changes in these consumption patterns will require drastic changes in ,CUre"' 17"t«" °f Promotion of many African countries as well as a

deliberate policy on intra-African trade.

theirTfon!rin ™easureSKthat Afrl"« countries should take in order to increase

their food production have certainly been analysed at many meetings by African

uit'hi." cudv Af ■" iS "SefUl tO hi8hUght S°me of those -as/res hat

method \ y" t"n countrles ^knowledge that farmers need more efficient

methods to improve their productivity and incomes. An agricultural extension policy laying particular emphasis on the introduction of new inputs such as selected seeds, new agricultural techniques and the training of agricultural

.taff required to advise rural farmers should normally trigger off In increase

0theTD°rnoducrdU"iOn lch WOuld ^^ b°» -«—tic and eKtemal de" n credit shoufd 1"«n'— -»ch as the organization of and access to farm credit should contribute considerably to increasing food production Such

...ure. could help to effectively ccbat malnutrition which affects the r!ral

populations and is largely due to the stagnation or decline in their incole whilen«.!thh demonstrated that •<»» African countries have food surpluses

while neighbouring countries have to lok t »» African countries have food surpluses l ouring countries have to look to external sources to feed their

lf9 , ThlS Situatlon ««» f«m the fact that the potential for on „ 1S ."" "eU tapped- African countries have on several

highly expensive food imports, the Mi^isterTulgTd* ^^^^

(16)

cereals, pulses, maize, wheat, sorghum, vegetable oils

aC"Ul'e -Nation on existing

-f"Structure and establish storag!

re »ih to prOd»L

(17)

E/EGA/TEADE/94 Annexe

Tableau 1 :

Region/pays

Monde

Afrique

Alge>ie

Angola

Benin

Botswana

^uin£e

Population_totalei_pjopuiation agri

e conomiquement active; estimations

19757 """

Annee

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1980 et 1985 (en milliers)

Population

Totale

3334673 3693223 4076950 4449557 4436960

316671 360914 413510 479637 555116

11923 13746 16018 18666 21718

5180 5588 6520 7723 8754

2443 2708 3042 3494 4050

549 623 755 915 1107

39R1 4388 4852 5407 6075

Aqricole

1881871 2000183 2130225 2233526 2328443

232980 257588 282525 313221 345743

6747 6455 6222 5755 5216

4099 4344 4939 5696 6268

2027 2191 2298 2453 2581

487 533 589 644 665

3466 3737 4023 4363 4744

coj.e et pu.

pour 1965

719707"

Population economiquement

Totale

1461048 1597256 . 1763417 1957421 2163745 .

132232 147685 166014 189235 213857

2906 2945 3455 4051 4834

2452 2599 2957 3414 3719

1337 1452 1592 1775 1964

224 238 278 321 381

2027 2196 2393 2626 2846

active Dans agri

culture

841155 878143 931458 993490 1059013

100971 109812 118690 129961 140013

1656 1394 1355 1262 1175

1940 2021 2240 2518 2663

1109 1175 1203 1246 1252

199 203 217 226 229

1765 1870 1984 2119 2222

% dans agri culture

57,6 55,0 52,8 50,8 49; 0

76,4 74; 4 71,5 68,7 65^5

57,0 47,3 39,2 31,1 24,3

79,1 77,7 75,8 73,8 71,6

83;0 80,9 75,6 70 3 2 63,7

88,7 85,5 78,1 70,3 60,1

87,1 85,2 82,9 80,7 78,1

(18)

^^i^_^t agricole, et population

economquement'active, estiinations~pour"r9657"l9707~~

19757~1980~et"l985~en~miiriers)"~("iuiter

Region/pays Burkina Faso

Annee Totale Agricole _Totale

Population ec onomiquement active

Dans agri- % dans agri culture culture '

Burundi

Cameroun

Cap Vert

Republique

centrafricaine

Tchad

Comores

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

.1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

4648 507fi 5568 6159 6942

3214 3456 3747 4100 4721

6063 6745 7582 8623 9873

233 271 283 296 326

1728 1875 2057 2298 2576

3334 3652 4030 4477 5018

240 271 322 381 444

4149 4480 4870 5337 5956

3023 323.1.,

3489'

3802 4359

5235 5628 5812 6025 6036

156 174 164 153 148

1524 1555 1598 1664 1696

3073 3292 3494 3728 3944

211.

235.

273.

316 359

2680 2874 3111 3421 3765

1903 2000 2137 2280 2520

2829 3101 3345 3618 3958

79 92 97 102 121

1008 1060 1123 1200 1282

1282 1381 1496 1635 1790

119 133 155 181 204

2392 2537 2721 2964 3230

1790 1869 1990 2115 2327

2443 2588 2565 2528 2420

53 59 56 53 55

889 879 872 868 844

1181 1245 1297 1361 1407

104 115 131 150 165

89 88 87 86 85

94 93 93 92 92.

86;

83;

76.

61,

67, 64, 58, 51, 45.

88;

82 j 77 72, 65,

925 90, 86, 83, 78,

87, 86, 84, 83, 80s

3

;3 ,5 ,7 ,8

,1

,5

;1 \l

p3

p3 ,4 ,7

o

,1

,1 ,1 ,0

.1

,3

,2 ,9

, 7

.4 8

2 2 7 3 6

9 7 8 0 8

(19)

Annexe Paqe 3

_i_e't population

estimations~pour~19657~197o7 tenlniliiersF'suiteT

?.Hi,?. : active

, , , . , Dans agri- % dans agri-

Region/pays Annee Totale Aoricole Totale culture culture

Congo 1965 1077 711 479 316 66,0

1570 1201 781 526 342 65-0

1975 1352 862 582 371 63,7

1980 1529 955 649 405 62,4

1985 1740 1064 710 434 61,1

Cote d'lvoire " 1965 4513 3639 2367 1909 80,6

1970 5553 4247 2752 2104 76^5

1975 6767 4795 3153 2234 70,9

1980 8172 5331 3547 2314 65,2

1985 9810 5766 4053 2382 58,8

Djibouti 1965 142

1970 160 ...

1975 214 ... ."[ \\\

198° 310

1985 364

Egypte

Guinee equatoriale

Ethiopie

Gabon

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

29389 33053 362R9 41520 46909

270 291 319 352 392 27150 30623 34309 38521 43557

905 950 1003 1064 1151

16176 17173 17725 18956 19958

212 218 225 232 238 23398 26017 28265 30742 33440

746 757 77.R 303 842

8130 9172 10037 11298 12837

135 142 149 159 169 12857 14403 15912 17593 19182

449 462 481 502 518

4475 4765 4902 5158 5461

106 106 105 104 103 11080 12237 13109 14040 14727

371 368 373 379 379

55,0 52,0 48,8 45,7 42,5

78,7 15,0 70,5 65,8 60,7 8.6,2 85,0 8234 79,8 76,8

82,5 79,6 77,6 75,4 73,1

(20)

Guinee Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Tableau 1 : Population totale, population_agricolei_et_population economiquement"activeT~istiraitions_pour_1965i_1970,

7"~™"T"rr~'ir

Population active

Dans agri- % dans agri-

Region/pays Annee Totale Agricole Totale culture. . culture

Gamble 1965 419 367 216 189 87,6

1970 469 406 238 206 86,6

1975 524 447 263 225 85,3

1980 583 490 289 243 84,0

1985 643 531 307 254 82,6

Ghana

Jamahiriya arabe 1ibyenne

1965 1970 1975 1980- 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 197 0 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

7786 8614 9800 11560 ■■

13588

525 526 628 809 889

9404 : ■ ■ . ■ 11290

13703 16766 - ..;.

20600

963 1064 1187 1339 1520

1191 1365 1582 1871 2191

1623 1986 2430 2973 3605

4785.

5072 5647 6516 ,

7487' ,

450 443 523 666 723

8097 9577 ; 11362 13582 16242

882 956 1045 1154 1276

936 1058 1201 1389 1588

664 574 570 ■ - 540 508

3259 3440 3813 4353 4963

280 ■ 275 323 403 427

4192 4950 5890 7072 8389

508 544 -■

597 662 730

495 560 636 726 808

447 519 628 755 904

1988 2009 2177 2430 2706

240 232 269 332 347

3610 4199 4883 5729 6614

465 489 525 571 613

3R9 434 483 539 586

183 150 147 137 127

61,0 58;4 57 ;1 55,8 54,5

85^7 84,1 83,2 82,3 81,3

86,1 84,8 82,9 81,0 78,8

91,6 89,9 88,0 86,2 84,0

78,6 77,5 75,9 74,2 72; 5

40,9 28,9 23,5 18,2 14.1

(21)

£/£CA/TJRADE/S4 Annexe Page 5

|Ofiulation_totalei_population_agricole, et population

?£25°^iS!3e^!?5tactive7~estiti"~19657~7~"

^ion/pays

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritanie

Maurice

Maroc

Mozambique

We

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975

T GO f\

1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 lyyo 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

Population

Ototale

5980 6716 7604 8704 10012

3975 4518 5167 5950 6944

5105 5685 6293 7023 8082

1103 1247 1421 1631 1888

848 868 955 1050

13323 15310 17305 193R2 21941

7263 8140 9719 12123 13961

Agricole

5089 5622 6258 7040 7943

3656 4090 4494 4958 5440

4615 5069 5495 6005 6734

981 1057 1096 1131 1115

289 269 267 264

8168 8823 8917

OO4J.

8712

6346 7036 8307 10242 11647

Totale

2994 3303 3668 4098 4510

1943 2163 2382 2703 3074

1777 1933 2089 2296 2598

392 433 472

590

227 258 280 331 390

3695 4048 4656 5688 6676

4318 4742 5531 6904 7671

Population economiquement active

^ultSf

2548 2765 3019 3314 3578

1787 1958 2072 2253 2408

1607 1724 1824 1963 2165

349 367 364 358 348

84 88 87 93 98

2265 2333 2399 2595 2651

3773 4099 4728 5832 6399

- ~ % dans agriculture

85,1 83,7 82,3 80*9 79,3

92,0 90,5 87,0 83,3 78.3

90,4

QQ O

87%

85,5 83,3

88 9 84,8 77,1 69,3 59,0

36,8 34,0

97 Q

61.3 57,6 51; 5

39,7

R7 A° ' » ■*

86j4 85,5 84,5 83,4

(22)

Tableau 1 : Population totaleL

Region/pays Namibie

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda

Sao Toroe-et-Principe

Senegal

Seychelles

econontiquement 1975,

Annee 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1980 et 1

active, estimations pour 985 (en millie

Population

Totale 922 1042 1182 1349 1550

3736 4146 4665 5311 6115

48676 57221 67672 80555 95198

3193 3718 4360 5144 6070

69 74 80 85 97

3469

^000 4771 5672 6444

47 52 58 65 76

Aqricole 520 531 558 586 616

3558 3908 4324 4837 5440

35075 40602 47068 54894 63484

3009 3483 4065 4773 5603

...

. •.

• . •

2S88 3314 3895 4571 5121

...

xs) (suite

Totale

?26 356 389 425 477

2177 2375 2590 2865 3203

20581 23635 27385 32 087 36568

1728 1967 2274 2671 3063

. . Q

O 1 =

» « i.

O ..O

1666 1911 2245 2641 2897

...

co o

o a ii

o O D

1965, 1970,

)

Dans agri culture

184 182 183 185 190

2074 2239 2401 2610 2849

14830 16771 19047 21866 24386

1628 1843 2120 2478 2828

. a

. . .

' ...

. . .

...

1387 1580 1833 2128 2302

...

* c e

...

• a.

% dans agri culture

56,4 51s0;

47,2 43;4 39,8

95,2 94,3.

92;7 91,1 89,0

72 jl 71,0 69,6 63,1 66,7

94,2 93,7 93;2 92,8 92; 3

V <- -

« OO

» >«

83,3 82,7 81,6 80;6 79,5

...

c a o

a o =

o i. ..

(23)

E/ECA/TRADE/94 Annexe Page 7

Tableau 1 _^ et population

estiraationi"pour"l9657"l$7o7

Population Population economiquement active

Region/pays

Annee Totale Agricole Totale

Dans agri- % dans agri culture culture

Sierra Leone

Somalie

Soudan

Swaziland

Tanzanie (Rep. Unie)

Togo

Tunisie

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

2646 2835 3045 3296 3602

2366 2634 3252 4019 4653

12359 13859 16012 18681 21550

377 425 483 559 650

11586 13513 15900 18867 22499

1627 2020 2252 2554 2960

4630 5127 5611 6392 7081

2076 2141 2210 2294 2390

1919 2090 2519 3036 3419

10069 10670 11861 13291 14637

319 343 374 414 457

10598 12215 13991 16151 18574

1271 1550 1686 1864 2101

2275 2162 2138 2237 2239

1115 1162 1216 1278 1352

1144 1251 1516 1808 1999

4258 4677 5328 6006 6991

182 1S9 219 245 273

6278 7176 8226 9508 10913

742 907 998 1113 1244

1254 1326 1608 1908 2224

875 878 882 890 897

928 993 1174 1366 1468

3469 3601 3947 4330 4748

155 161 170 181 192

5744 6485 7239 8140 9009

580 696 747 813 883

616 559 613 668 703

78 75 72 69 66

81 79 77 75 73

81.

77, 74, 71 67;

84}

80;

77, 74.

70,

91, 90, 88, 85, 32,

78;

76- 74, 73, 71,

49, 42,.

38,;

35,.

31,(

A

,6

;6 ,7

,1 A

,5 ,5 ,4

;5 p0

:1 ,1

,9

7 .6 A 1 3

5 4 0 6 6

1 7 9 0 0

1 2 1 0

5

(24)

Tableaul

197571980et1985 Ten

agricole^_et_population

s J^ur_19657~1 ("suite et~fin)

Population

Region/pays

Ouganda

Annee ?otale Agricole Totale

Dans agri- % dans agriculture culture

Zaire

Zambie

Zimbabwe

1965 197G 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1965 1970 1975 1930 1985

8047 9806 11171 13106 15477

17529 19481 22399 25847 29938

3614 . 4189 4841 5648 6666

4432 5308 6219 7368

7312 8753 9782 11253 12976

14379 15407 16881 1848 0 20099

2845 3209 3624 4128 4747

3510 4104 4669 5365 6177

3949 4749 5331 6163 7054

8097 8678 9503 10434 11666

1287 1465 1665 1912 2242

1916 2249 2575 2979 3410

3588 4239 4668 5292 5915

6642 6864 7162 7460 7832

1013 1122 1246 1398 1597

1517 1739 1933 2169 2400

90,9 89,3 87,6 85,9 33,8

82,0 79,1 75,4 71,5 67,1

78,7 76,6 74,9 73,1 71,2

79,2 77,3 75,1 72,8 77,4

Source ; FAO, Production yearbook, 1985

(25)

en\

Q

&

u a>en

0)CUCtn CCEAC

_

RwandaBurundiZaire

Totalsous-regionGrandsLacsCar.erounRCACongoTchadGabonGuineeequatorialeSaoTomeetPrincipeTotalsous-regiorAfriquecentraleAngola 1980

-358876

15079011001257311

-1

1597447

Source:FAO,1987,Feuillesde -4539471686835113840110^_

1

1367330 Total_1982

-429988

1733979117839311

-I

1509330 cerealieres^__1983

-4181019

1780959111946211

-1

1551357 1984

-3601073

1727981115931511

-1

1431342

TlOOOMT)"

_1985

_4141086

18151061124969711

_1

1902332

sortied'imprimantessurlad _1986

_4491113

190411011451179611

_.1

2065310

roduc 1980

85140562

7874144192510

_1

499360

tion,1 _—

J.981_

85146639

8704314663510

_1

529250

3/n.s/a 1982

92144666

9025034863010

_1

598250

7.pn

Mais T1000MT5"'

1983

97148673

9185004072910

1

586275

n_n-i\r-ii 1984

111139704

95450043722■io

1

582260 „_r,

1985_

104150711

9655305073910

1

637250

i= .1986

121160730

10115505283511

1

656230

statistioue,Some.

(26)

Tableau2.B.-Productioncerealiere(suite)(1980-1986)

CEEAC

RwandaBurundiZaireTotalsous-regionGrandslacsCamerounRCACongoTchadGabonGuineeequatorialeSaoTomeetPrincipeTotalsous-regionAfriquecentraleAngola 1980

24016

5844146

-450

--

-

93757

Source;FAO,1987,Feuillesde 1981

23929

7035155

-257

--

-

66250

sorti MIL

1982

23430

6538057

_

280

_-

71650 {1000¹⁹⁸³

13531

6736158

-331

_-

-

75050 MT)1984

23530

6740059

-254

-

_-

71350

ed'imprimantessur 1985

23532

6944060

-526

--

-

102650 1986

23530

6745078

-672

--

-

120050 1980

264

112

-

-6

_-

--810

laproductionv 1981

1104

152

-

-6

-

-710

13/05/87 BLE1982

21210

241

--5

--

-610

,FAO (10001983

3612

20

--

_

10

-

--

1010 MT)

1984

3821

321

-

-1

-r

210

iDivisionde 1985

3720

301

_

_-

-610

la 1986

31422

391

-

-2

--

-310

statiscique;Rone.

(27)

ri£° E£°£u£tion_cerealiere (suite)

2 3 Riz (1000 MT)

CEEAC

9 S !j ■ - ±^-"_ i:'OJ- i:»o* J-^aj -"-^b^ xyo> lyHb 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1Qfifi

Kft■*>RwandauBurundiw>ZaireTotalsous-regionGrandsLacsCamerounRCACongoGabonGuineeequatorial?SaoTomeetPrincipeTotalsous-regionAfriquecentraleAngola

Source z FAO; 1987, Feuilles de sortie d'imprimantes sur la production, 13/05/87, FAO, Division de la

statistique,Fome. 411280295461331 615245266511221 69251266951221 69271286971321 6IB286310001321 612290308901421 6202983241001531 17916114354

„ 19324330466

_

_ 21423031475

_ 23617132483 17116032363 20021033443 21022033463

10920 10920 13420 13022 9822 12922 14520

(28)

Tableau3-A:Productiontotale_deracines_ettubercules_danslesgaysde_laCEEA

Tl980-1985"

Totalracinesettubercules(1000MT)Manioc(1000MT)

l?J30__1981_19J32__19Ji3_J.984_^

Rwanda1665176ft19252018134515201580542537593671324310348Burundi990107010731088117411901492400451444444511520520Zaire133611379314825152581570^161811667212785131721418514600150381550015975Totalsous-regionGrandsLacs1601516649178231836418223188901974313727141601522115715158731633016843Cameroun1976209918172030211521802260625633519600650670690RCA116211*611861110115411771058920900940860900920800Congo677699700651^651661673628649650600600610620

Gabon 380 373 393 404 *396 382 396 250 237 230 260 245 250 255

Guineeequatoriale'______________SaoTomeetPrincipe141515151516163333344Totalsous-regionAfriquecentrale4727487546S447994959506850812689270526552627273227SS2729Angola20702120217021702170217021901850190019501950195G19501970

Source:FAO,1987SFeuillesdesortied'imprimantessurlaproduction,statistique,Rome. 13/05/87,FAO,Divisiondela

(29)

cr>XM 1

CEEAC

RwandaBurundiZaireTotalsous-regionGrandsLacsCamerounRCACongoTchadGabonGuineeequatorial?5SaoTomeetPrincipe Tcbleau3-B:

1980

55184

1944211901317579

-

_,Totalsous-regionAfriquecentraleAngola

Source:FAO,1987, 868

Feuillesde Productionde1'

71980-19867

^1981_₆₆¹⁹⁵²⁰⁷⁴⁰²¹⁹³¹³¹⁷⁵⁸⁵^-^-⁸⁶⁸

Ignames(1000

_1982

66201

2133551931419087

-—

838 _1983

96207

2223751951419588

_■

_

867*• ignameet

MT)1984

66210

2223751971420090

_

876 __„__

1985

77215

2283801981421080

_

382

—

sortiedcimprimantessurla legumini__1986

7

220233■4001981421985

916

- euses

1980216

.,-£39

674105"■6559

17443

production- dans1tiajjc*y

Legumineuses

__1981_

228327163

7181096458

..

17740 _1982

249•332108

6891136758

18440

13/05/87,FAi _1983

294313115

7221156759

13740 ■Lai^lLr.

aooo

1984273261119

6531146757

13540

0,Division MT)

1985250'322121

6931206760

.19440

dela 1986

270332121

7231236

760

19740

statistique,Rome.

(30)

H

M aX H 1

a

H U E3

2

flu

CDr-

ITJ

tf

\C ni

W < P-

o

a

* *" H U -« H S k CD '» ^ .,. jr1

Bssjr.siillis

^{ea in}

(31)

Tableau4-(suite)

E/ECA/TRADi;/94

Annoxr. T5 SHCUELIES SIE6EAlfiUfcE BOMALIE 3QUDAN TANZANIE TUNIEIE ZAMBIE AFRIQUEEN DEVELOPPEMENT AFRIQUE MULPOCOETANGER MULPOCDEYAOUNDE MULPOCDELUBAKA MULPOCDEOIBENYI MULPOCOENIAMEY HOLtfGCTOTAL

1979-31 1 16- 134 20 135 18 153 175 115 3E3H 6723 1563 23S 2027 21* 1523 5570

1916 1 177F 376F 19? 161? 17? 58 134 ns 78? 14QP 2350 5785 1301 217 1841 21S 1195 4769

.1977 1 130? 386F 178? 17F■■ 17t| 152P 3231 ■«» 1396 220 1947 215 1272 5040

- 1978 1 183? 17F 98 150 171 78* 147F ..„

«w

H1U 231 1989 213 1376 5222

PRODUCTION 1979; 1 15F 180?- 395 2IF 185 152F 175P 78?- 130F 6548 1H58 233 2013 21B 1449 5370

1 16? 179 174? 112? 3580 6743 1533 2J7 2J24 217 1528 5589

1000 17F JSF 190 107 !75? 79F 3701 W1 164* IM 2045 219 1592 5753

1932 17F 193F 19a 15Q dtp- 11SP 37BB 7167 mi 242 2112 219 1635 5969

198? 1f 18F 19CF 510 212 19F 100 153 76F 117? 7288 1790 239 2101 22Q 1661 6035

1334 1? 17? 510F 18? 218P 111 15B 183? 77F U3P 3693 7342 1851 243 2059 229 U63

1965 IF 16V 191F 553? 224F 2C? 118 163 186F SOF 11Cf 3793 7650 1972 257 2117 2-35 1724 6301

19B6 18? 5&1F 1SF 2CF 126 19OF 81? 30*3 7825 2G07 265 2169 241 1794 6175 D°™*bbofficieuses:F-EBtlmatlon.delaFAO,

(32)

Tableau5-

FA3G- 1979'HI

466215

812146179944

424^333

1924

5451112

3117363418322825dC471

2U1354

72104 1976

435722

721F140?15?sip

37?141?3?2g-1B2C

7?10?

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539?1011 1977

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11P10?102218F2?9511?31

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66?67*220?316?5

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19781979

454715461126

781?86?

21

145F3F3F1875767P

5F6F

11?10f105519?

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219F25?67267?

232?330?559?J10F 788145?16?88?55P

2?4?IMF3?3P1901798?

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19Fno36?34165?225?25?80069?

239*342*560?108* 1930

467717

319146?17F83P42?43-?2P4?153Pj?3?

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(33)

Tableau5-lii?,jqtil(suite)Annexe Page17 PBODUCTIQB1000HI SXi-fBAL2USH TtiUC aJQANDA *FRIQU£

1379-61 1 ia ?37 2360 46 327 7 DEVELDPPEMENTES9)

1976 17? 712P 33? 3B7? *F 259 283? 6 153 1253

1977 17? 73OF 1581? 34? 396P 230 2S5F 152

1978 IBf 1802? 35f -I03F 277 JSS1F 5 57? 1*1

1979 18? 722? 2033? 36P 7P 222 367F 6? 60? 149 5085

1933 1 1a? 741? 237.11? 37? 6? 364? 59? 502?

7471 2673 37c 7? 357i? 152 5152

1932 23?

1983198H1995 7P 66?

18F 733? 294M 3SF If 277 350F 6 68F 181*

17? 7ii? 2958? 33F 7? 293 357? 7F 7i)P 194*

17? 73BI? 2B7S 3S? 7? 34C 364F 7* 73? 2i)£*

17F 7«<iir 2955? 3i? 7F 325? 364F 7F 75? 232* 521233655565 127161313313625533516223 i.4jLPOGPETAHEER IU.PCCD£VAHJNDE fvULPQCD£LUSAKA MUtPOCDESISEHYI MUtFQCQENXAMEV f^ULPCCTOTAL

6,61 202 1061 121 1326 -11S71

4310 193 37'.:3 9? 1171 10103

5159 167 3351 103 119*. 10498

£505 132 <AG13 118 1251 17079

5953 196 4101 120 1239 11564

6260 233 4321 127 133a

6665 4055 117 1352 12401

7121 214 4312 122 UH

7392 216 '4239 11S 1353 13313

7523 133 3362 122 1325 13129

7481 203 4109 125 13*3 13260

757S 207 42*5 126 1367 135145 P-EscimatlonBdalaFAQ. *•DonnfisaofficieuBBB.