Atlas of eHealth Country Profiles

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Atlas of eHealth Country Profiles

eHealth and innovation in women's and children's health

Based on the findings of the 2013 survey of CoIA countries by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth

2013

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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Atlas of eHealth country profiles 2013: eHealth and innovation in women’s and children’s health:

based on the findings of the 2013 survey of CoIA countries by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth.

1.Telemedicine – trends 2.Women’s Health. 3.Child Welfare. 4.Maternal Welfare.

5.Medical Informatics. 6.Data collection.I.WHO Global Observatory for eHealth.

ISBN 978 92 4 150728 8 (NLM classification: W 26.5)

© World Health Organization 2014

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]).

Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non- commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.

int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html).

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

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| Dreamstime.com, 3. © 2013 Valerie Caldas/ Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Courtesy of Photoshare, 4. © 2011 Cameron Taylor, Courtesy of Photoshare, 5. © 2012 Cassandra Mickish/CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Acknowledgements

This publication is based on the 2013 WHO/ITU joint survey that explored the use of eHealth for women’s and children’s health in countries that are covered by the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health (CoIA). It was conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) through the WHO Global Observatory on eHealth (GOe).

Experts in 64 responding countries contributed to this work by sharing their knowledge and completing the survey. We wish to acknowledge the special effort made by Bangladesh contributors in piloting the survey and providing valuable feedback before its launch.

WHO regional focal points including Jyotsna Chikersal, Hani Farouk, Clayton Hamilton, Mark Landry, David Novillo, and Miguel Peixoto encouraged the CoIA countries in their regions to participate. In addition, Rosemary Byanyima and Rodolfo Soares provided special support to countries, especially in the African Region. The design and layout of this publication were managed by Jillian Reichenbach Ott, of Genève Design.

Misha Kay of WHO managed this project.

A guide to the country profiles

Background

This Atlas presents data collected on 64 of 75 United Nations Commission on Information and Accountability (CoIA) countries. The Commission developed an accountability framework with three interconnected processes – monitoring, reviewing and action. It focused specifically on these 75 countries as together they have 98% of the world’s maternal and child mortality. The survey was undertaken by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth between June and October 2013 and represents the most current information on the use of eHealth for women and children in these countries.

The objective of the country profiles is to describe the current status of the use of ICT for women’s and children’s health in CoIA countries. The country survey tools may be downloaded from the following web site: http://www.who.int/goe. All country profiles can be accessed at the same URL.

Methodological considerations

A total of 64 CoIA countries, representing 85% response rate, completed the survey. This is the highest response rate for any GOe survey to date. The survey responses were based on self- reporting by a selected group of eHealth and women’s and children’s health experts for each participating country. While survey responses were checked for consistency and accuracy, it was not possible to verify all responses to every question. The scope of the survey was broad;

survey questions covered diverse areas of eHealth, from electronic information systems to record

births and deaths and causes of death, to policy issues and legal frameworks. While every effort

was made to select the best national experts to complete the instrument, it was not possible

to determine whether they had the collective eHealth and women’s and children’s health

knowledge to answer each question.

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Quality assurance

Country profiles are intended to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the status of eHealth for women’s and children’s health in CoIA countries according to selected indicators. The Global Observatory for eHealth implemented a range of measures to assure their quality. The questionnaires received from participating countries were reviewed for completeness. External sources of information were used for validation of the data and to resolve inconsistencies. Data were reviewed before entry and after layout for publication.

Presentation of secondary data

The following indicators were selected for each country to complement the country profile information. Indicators and their sources are included below.

1. Population in thousands (per 100 000 population). World Population Prospects. New York, United States, United Nations Population Division, 2012: http://esa.un.org/wpp/sources/country.aspx.

2. Gross national income (GNI) per capita (international $). PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (2013). World Development Indicators Database, 2013. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2013: http://data.worldbank.org.

3. Physician density (per 1 000 population). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf.

4. Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf.

5. Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population).

EURO Region: European Health for All Database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen, Denmark, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013: .

WPRO Region: Western Pacific Region Countries and Areas. Manila, Philippines, WHO Regional Office for Western Pacific, 2014: http://www.wpro.who.int/countries/en.

SEARO Region: South-East Asia Region Countries. New Delhi, India, WHO Regional Office for South- East Asia, 2014: http://www.searo.who.int/countries/en.

PAHO Region: Pan-American Health Organization Regional Core Health Data Initiative. WHO Region for Pan-America, 2013: http://www1.paho.org/English/SHA/coredata/tabulator/newTabulator.htm.

6. Life expectancy at birth (years). WHO Mortality Database. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2012: http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/whodpms.

7. Total health expenditure (%GDP). World Health Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2010: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2010/en.

8. ICT Development Index Rank. Measuring the Information Society. Geneva, Switzerland, International Telecommunication Union, 2012: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/

mis2012/MIS2012_without_Annex_4.pdf.

9. Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants). ICT-Eye: Key ICT Data and Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland, International Telecommunication Union, 2014: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx.

10. Internet users (% of individuals). ICT-Eye: Key ICT Data and Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland, International Telecommunication Union, 2014: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx.

11. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births). Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010 – WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2012:

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241503631_eng.pdf?ua=1.

12. Infant mortality rate (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births). World Population Prospects. New York, United States, United Nations Population Division, 2012: http://esa.

un.org/wpp/sources/country.aspx.

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Afghanistan

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

eHealth supports major women’s and children’s health initiatives No Funding sources

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

An overview of the measurement of the 11 CoIA indicators by monitoring frequency and format

Indicator measured Monitor Frequency Format: Paper,

Electronic, or Both

Maternal mortality ratio Yes Paper

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Paper

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Paper

Met need for contraception No Paper**

Antenatal care coverage Yes Paper

Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) Yes

Skilled attendant at birth No Both**

Postnatal care for mothers and babies Yes Both

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Paper

3 doses of the combined diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine Yes Paper

Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia No

eHealth policy/strategy

Status of eHealth and women’s and children’s health policy/strategy

National eHealth policy/strategy exists Yes

Year adopted 2012

Implementation status No

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy Yes

Special funding allocated for implementation No

Women’s and children’s health

National policy/strategy for women’s and children’s health exists Yes Policy/strategy refers to the use of eHealth, mHealth or social media No

eHealth systems

An overview of the types of eHealth systems in place, their purpose and level

Electronic information system collects and reports births, deaths and causes of death data No Year introduced

At least one electronic information system exists at the district level to collect and report health data Yes Resource tracking system in place to report total health expenditure by financing source, per capita No Type of resource tracking system

Resource tracking system level

Resource tracking system in place to report total reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child

health (RMNCH) expenditure by financing source, per capita No

Type of resource tracking system Resource tracking system level

Population (000s) 29,825 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 9.6

GNI per capita (PPP Int $) 1,560 ICT Development Index rank

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.19 Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants) 60.35 Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population) 0.07 Internet users (% of individuals) 5.5 Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population) 4 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 460 Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 Infant mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) 36 [25-51]

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

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Online safety for children

Approaches taken by government to protect children in the online environment

Government provides information and education to citizens on internet safety and literacy No Some initiatives are aimed specifically to protect children

Safety tools and security technologies are required by law for schools, libraries and other public

places where children have Internet access Yes

ISPs are legally mandated to provide online safety tools to protect children Yes

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Legislation to protect women and children

Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ personal identifiable data irrespective of format (paper or digital) Yes Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ health data held in digitized format in an Electronic

Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) No

Parental consent required for the creation of a child’s EMR/EHR No

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Yes

Correction of errors in a child’s EMR/EHR is possible

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country No Parental consent is required

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities in other countries No Parental consent is required

Legislation exists which grants a child the right to control over its EMR/EHR No From age (years)

Social media

Countries are recognizing the benefit of using social media for health

Some health programmes use social media (eg. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) No

ICT training

Tertiary institutions offer ICT training for students of health sciences Yes

Continuing education in ICT for health professionals No

Internet health information quality

Approaches taken to ensure quality of health-related content on the Internet

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Leadership, governance and policy - country policy or strategy does not include eHealth as an

approach to support women’s and children’s health Yes

Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

and implement eHealth projects and promote their use Yes

Financial - limited or no reimbursement by insurance companies for services; business models

not yet developed for broad and sustainable eHealth delivery Yes

Afghanistan

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Angola

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Electronic, or Both Maternal mortality ratio

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every year Paper

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Every year Paper

Met need for contraception Yes Every year Paper

Antenatal care coverage Yes Every year Paper

Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) Yes Every year Paper

Skilled attendant at birth Yes Every year Paper

Postnatal care for mothers and babies No

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months No

3 doses of the combined diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine Yes Every year Paper

eHealth policy/strategy

National eHealth policy/strategy exists No

Year adopted

Implementation status

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy

eHealth systems

At least one electronic information system exists at the district level to collect and report health data No Resource tracking system in place to report total health expenditure by financing source, per capita No Type of resource tracking system

GNI per capita (PPP Int $) 5,400 ICT Development Index rank 139

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.17 Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants) 48.61 Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population) 1.66 Internet users (% of individuals) 16.9 Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population) 8 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 1,400 Life expectancy at birth (years) 51 Infant mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) 45 [26-76]

WHO African Region

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Online safety for children

Safety tools and security technologies are required by law for schools, libraries and other public places where children have Internet access

ISPs are legally mandated to provide online safety tools to protect children No

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ personal identifiable data irrespective of format (paper or digital) No Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ health data held in digitized format in an Electronic

Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) Do not know

Parental consent required for the creation of a child’s EMR/EHR Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country Parental consent is required

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities in other countries Parental consent is required

Legislation exists which grants a child the right to control over its EMR/EHR From age (years)

Social media

Some health programmes use social media (eg. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) Yes

ICT training

Internet health information quality

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Legal - lack of legal frameworks to support implementation of eHealth services Yes Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Standards - lack of nationally adopted standards (e.g.ICD, DICOM, HL7, SNOMED) for the

systematic adoption of eHealth services or health information systems Yes Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

Angola

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Azerbaijan

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

eHealth supports major women’s and children’s health initiatives Yes

Funding sources Public funding, public-private partnerships

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Maternal mortality ratio Yes Every year Both

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every year Both

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Every year Both

Met need for contraception Yes Every 5 years Both

Antenatal care coverage Yes Every year Both

Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) Yes Every year Both

Skilled attendant at birth Yes Every year Both

Postnatal care for mothers and babies Yes Every year Both

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Every year Both

3 doses of the combined diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine Yes Every year Both

Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia Yes Every year Both

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted 2003

Implementation status Partly implemented

Special funding allocated for implementation Yes

National policy/strategy for women’s and children’s health exists Yes Policy/strategy refers to the use of eHealth, mHealth or social media Yes

eHealth systems

Electronic information system collects and reports births, deaths and causes of death data Yes – partial coverage

Year introduced 2001

WHO European Region

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Online safety for children

places where children have Internet access No

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) Yes

Parental consent required for the creation of a child’s EMR/EHR Yes

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Yes

Correction of errors in a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Yes

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country Yes

Parental consent is required No

Social media

ICT training

Continuing education in ICT for health professionals Yes

Internet health information quality

Government intervention - laws, regulations, quality directives or guidelines, Education

programs - for consumers and professionals, Official approval - certification, accreditation, seals

of approval, or quality seals Yes

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health Yes Legal - lack of legal frameworks to support implementation of eHealth services Yes Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

Azerbaijan

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Bangladesh

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Funding sources Public funding, Donor funding, Public-private

partnerships,Other sources

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Maternal mortality ratio Yes Every 5 years Paper

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every 2 years Paper

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Every 2 years Paper

Met need for contraception Yes Every 2 years Paper

Antenatal care coverage Yes Every 2 years Paper

Skilled attendant at birth Yes Every 2 years Paper

Postnatal care for mothers and babies Yes Every 2 years Paper

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Every 2 years Paper

Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia Yes Every 2 years Paper

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted 2009

Implementation status Yes

Special funding allocated for implementation Yes

eHealth systems

At least one electronic information system exists at the district level to collect and report health data Yes Resource tracking system in place to report total health expenditure by financing source, per capita Yes

Type of resource tracking system Both

Resource tracking system level National level, Regional/

District level, Local level Resource tracking system in place to report total reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child

Type of resource tracking system Paper

Resource tracking system level National level

WHO South-East Asia Region

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Online safety for children

Government provides information and education to citizens on internet safety and literacy Yes

Some initiatives are aimed specifically to protect children Yes

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Correction of errors in a child’s EMR/EHR is possible

Social media

ICT training

Internet health information quality

Voluntary compliance - by content providers or website owners to quality criteria for health-

related sites Yes

Education programs - for consumers and professionals Yes

Government website - providing education and information to information consumers Yes Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health Yes Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Standards - lack of nationally adopted standards (e.g.ICD, DICOM, HL7, SNOMED) for the

Bangladesh

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Maternal mortality ratio Yes Every 5 years Both

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every 5 years Both

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Every 5 years Both

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy No

eHealth systems

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.22 Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants) 90.44 Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population) Internet users (% of individuals) 34.2 Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population) 11 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 190 Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 Infant mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) 19 [13-28]

WHO Region of the Americas

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Online safety for children

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible No

Correction of errors in a child’s EMR/EHR is possible No

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country No

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities in other countries No

Social media

ICT training

Internet health information quality

related sites Yes

Government website - providing education and information to information consumers Yes Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health Yes Leadership, governance and policy - country policy or strategy does not include eHealth as an

Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Standards - lack of nationally adopted standards (e.g.ICD, DICOM, HL7, SNOMED) for the

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Botswana

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Funding sources Public funding, Donor funding

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every year Both

Met need for contraception Yes Every year Both

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months No

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted 2009

Implementation status Partly implemented

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy Yes Special funding allocated for implementation

National policy/strategy for women’s and children’s health exists Yes

Policy/strategy refers to the use of eHealth, mHealth or social media Do not know

eHealth systems

Year introduced Do not know

Type of resource tracking system Electronic

Resource tracking system level National level

WHO African Region

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Online safety for children

Some initiatives are aimed specifically to protect children Do not know

places where children have Internet access Do not know

ISPs are legally mandated to provide online safety tools to protect children Do not know

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) Do not know

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Do not know

Correction of errors in a child’s EMR/EHR is possible Do not know

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country Do not know

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities in other countries Do not know Parental consent is required

Social media

Some health programmes use social media (eg. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) Do not know

ICT training

Internet health information quality

Government intervention - laws, regulations, quality directives or guidelines Yes

Technology - filters and controls Yes

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health Do not know Legal - lack of legal frameworks to support implementation of eHealth services Yes

Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Financial - limited or no reimbursement by insurance companies for services; business models

Botswana

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Burkina Faso

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Funding sources Public funding, Donor funding, Public-private

partnerships,Other sources

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Met need for contraception Yes Every year Both

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted

eHealth systems

Resource tracking system level National level,

Regional/District level, Resource tracking system in place to report total reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child

health (RMNCH) expenditure by financing source, per capita Yes

Resource tracking system level National

WHO African Region

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Online safety for children

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) Yes

Parental access to a child’s EMR/EHR is possible No

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities within the same country Yes

Legislation exists enabling the sharing of EMR/EHR between health care entities in other countries Yes

Social media

ICT training

Internet health information quality

related sites Yes

Government intervention - laws, regulations, quality directives or guidelines Yes

Technology - filters and controls Yes

Official approval - certification, accreditation, seals of approval, or quality seals Yes Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

Services and applications - existing eHealth services are inaccessible, unaffordable, or not

appropriate for our needs Yes

Burkina Faso

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Burundi

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Funding sources Public funding, Donor funding

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Maternal mortality ratio Yes Every 5 years Paper

Under 5 child mortality with the proportion of newborn deaths Yes Every 5 years Paper

Children under 5 who are stunted Yes Every 5 years Paper

Met need for contraception No

Antenatal care coverage Yes Every year Paper

Skilled attendant at birth Yes Every year Paper

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Every year Paper

3 doses of the combined diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine Yes Every year Paper

Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia Yes Every 5 years Paper

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy Special funding allocated for implementation

eHealth systems

GNI per capita (PPP Int $) 550 ICT Development Index rank

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.03 Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants) 22.81 Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population) Internet users (% of individuals) 1.2 Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population) 19 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 800 Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 Infant mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) 36 [21-61]

WHO African Region

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Online safety for children

places where children have Internet access Do not know

ISPs are legally mandated to provide online safety tools to protect children Do not know

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ personal identifiable data irrespective of format (paper or digital) Do not know Privacy laws exist to protect citizens’ health data held in digitized format in an Electronic

Social media

ICT training

Tertiary institutions offer ICT training for students of health sciences No

Internet health information quality

related sites Yes

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Standards - lack of nationally adopted standards (e.g.ICD, DICOM, HL7, SNOMED) for the

Burundi

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Cambodia

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Postnatal care for mothers and babies Yes Every 5 years Both

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Every 5 years Both

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy Special funding allocated for implementation

eHealth systems

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.23 Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants) 131.96 Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population) 0.79 Internet users (% of individuals) 4.9 Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population) Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 461 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 Infant mortality rate (per 100 000 live births) 18 [11-29]

WHO Western Pacific Region

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Online safety for children

Government provides information and education to citizens on internet safety and literacy No

Some initiatives are aimed specifically to protect children No

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Social media

ICT training

Internet health information quality

Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Leadership, governance and policy - country policy or strategy does not include eHealth as an

Infrastructure - not yet adequate, accessible, or cost-effective to support desired services Yes Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

Cambodia

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eHealth and inno va tion in w omen' s and c hildr en' s health - 2013 sur vey

Central African Republic

Country indicators*

eHealth initiatives – national overview

Monitoring the status of women’s and children’s health

Skilled attendant at birth Yes Every 4 years Both

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months Yes Every 4 years Both

Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia Every year Both

eHealth policy/strategy

Year adopted

Refers to the use of eHealth in women’s and children’s health policy/strategy

eHealth systems

At least one electronic information system exists at the district level to collect and report health data No Resource tracking system in place to report total health expenditure by financing source, per capita No

WHO African Region

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Online safety for children

Privacy and security of personal and health-related data

Social media

ICT training

Internet health information quality

Government intervention - laws, regulations, quality directives or guidelines Yes Dedicated website(s) - concerning women’s & children’s health No Human resources - lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals who can develop

Central African Republic

Atlas of eHealth Country Profiles