• Aucun résultat trouvé

Michael Marmot

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Michael Marmot"

Copied!
262
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)
(2)

!๘হ࿐ิፇኯLj311: ౎

Ӳ ඄ ໯ ᆶă ๘ হ ࿐ ิ ፇ ኯ ؜ Ӳ ࿿ ੗ ٗ WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland DŽ ۉ ࣆǖ+41 22 791 3264Ǘ د ኈǖ+41 22 791

4857Ǘ ۉ ጱ ᆰ ॲǖ[email protected]Dž इ ൽăᄲइڥް዆ई݋ᅳ๘হ࿐ิፇኯ؜Ӳ࿿

ڦႹ੗——࿮ஃ๟ྺକ؜๳ईݥฆᄽႠݴ

݀Ljᆌၠ๘হ࿐ิፇኯ؜Ӳت༵؜ฤ൩Ljں

኷ཞฉDŽدኈǖ+41 22 791 4806Ǘۉጱᆰॲǖ [email protected]Džă

Ԩ؜Ӳ࿿֑ᆩڦఁ׬ࢅרຎڦ֌ଙժ փپ՗๘হ࿐ิፇኯܔඪࢆࡔॆĂଶںĂ

׭๨ईں൶ईഄړਆڦࢇ݆ں࿋Ljई࠲ᇀ Չহईݴহ၍ڦࡀۨᆶඪࢆᅪ९ăں཮ฉ ڦႵ၍՗๖੗ీช࿄ྜඇٳׯᅃዂڦٷዂ Չহ၍ă

ݐ༵तగၵࠅິईగၵ዆ሰฆڦׂ೗

้Ljժփᅪ࿆ጣ໲்ᅙྺ๘হ࿐ิፇኯ໯

ණ੗ईླྀ४LjईԲഄ໱࿄༵तڦཞૌࠅິ

ईׂ೗߸ࡻăأֶٱࢅ຀ࢮྔLjݐጆ૧ׂ

೗ఁ׬਩࠴ᅜٷႀጴజLjᅜ๖൶՚ă

๘হ࿐ิፇኯᅙ֑ൽᅃൎࢇ૙ڦᇨݞ ٯแઠࢃํԨ؜Ӳ࿿ዐԈࡤڦ႑တăڍ๟Lj ᅙ؜Ӳ֌ଙڦݴ݀࿮ඪࢆ௽ඓईࡤႺڦԍ ኤă঴๥ࢅ๑ᆩ֌ଙڦሴඪൽਦᇀ܁ኁă๘ হ࿐ิፇኯܔᇀᅺ๑ᆩኄၵ֌ଙሰׯڦ໦฿

փ׶څሴඪă

ዐ࿔݋ᅳǖ૚૰! Ⴙৢ! רᆗ อၯǖࡓჼ! ᆄࣱ

Printed in China WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication

Data

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of KHDOWK¿QDOUHSRUWRIWKHFRPPLVVLRQRQVRFLDO determinants of health.

1. Socioeconomic factors. 2. Health care rationing. 3. Health services accessibility. 4.

Patient advocacy. I.Commission on Social Determinants of Health.

ISBN 978 92 4 556370 9 1/0FODVVL¿FDWLRQ:$

Suggested Citation

&6'+ Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva, World Health Organization.

Photos

WHO/Marko Kokic; WHO/Christopher Black; WHO/Chris De Bode 6SHFL¿FSKRWRFUHGLWVFDQEHREWDLQHGIURP:+2

(3)

มࣷࠅኟ๟ิຶᎸ࠲ڦ࿚༶ă໲ፑᆸጣට்ڦ

ิऄݛ๕Ăᮎ࣒दթڦ੗ీႠतࡗራຶྨڦޅ၃ă

࿢்ܔ๘হᅃၵں൶೺ྭ๱ంࢅॳ੃ጒ઄ڦ׼Ⴤ߀

฀ศߌႌ࿏Ljཞ้ᅨܔᆶၵں൶ժ࿮߀࠵ߌڟኒ৚ă ᅃၵࡔॆႎิ౰ᆊڦᇨ೺๱ంٳ 91 ܠ໠Ljܸሞᆶ ၵࡔॆชփڟ 56 ໠ăन๑ሞཞᅃࡔॆLjփཞڦม

ࣷں࿋ሞ࢔ٷײ܈ฉᄺࣷڞዂට்ڦॳ੃ጒ઄࢔փ ᅃᄣăሞᅃࡔኮాࢅࡔᇑࡔኮक़Ljਨփᆌ٪ሞኄ஺

ٷڦ჈๺ă

ኄၵԨ੗Ն௨ڦॳ੃փࠅೝ၄ၡ๟ᇑට்ڦׯ

׊ĂิऄĂ߾ፕĂ઻౎࣍ৣत၄ᆶڦᅅଐ዆܈ݴփ ਸڦăܸට்ิᇀຯĂፂᇀຯڦ࣍ৣᆼศ๴አዎĂ มࣷࢅঢ়षᅺ໎ᆖၚă

ܹཡ๟ጠ጑ׯ׊ժၛ๴ݿ޷ܠ֒ڦิऄLj࣏๟

ࣷิऄԙ֚Ljมࣷࢅঢ়षአ֧ഐጣਦۨႠڦᆖၚă

޷ࡔࢅ൬ࡔႴᄲ঴ਦڦ࿐ิ࿚༶Ⴀዊනᅮ൵ৎă੗

ᅜߵ਍ට்ॳ੃ײ܈Ăมࣷ߳঩֫ڦॳ੃ݴքࠅೝ

ᇑޏतփଆॳ੃ሰׯփ૧ᅺ໎ڥڟت૙ڦײ܈Ljઠ ೠ६޷ᇧมࣷईೖઓมࣷڦ݀ቛ൧઄ă

Ԩ ጣ ม ࣷ ࠅ ኟ ৛ หLj ๘ হ ࿐ ิ ፇ ኯDŽXIPDž ᇀ 3116 ౎ย૬କॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷLjᅜ

๭णኤ਍Ljֱ௽੗ᅜ֑ൽࢆዖႜۯٝ৊ॳ੃ࠅೝLj ժླྀۯ݀ഐඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝሏۯă

ໜጣ྿ᇵࣷ߾ፕڦਸቛLj๑ڥැ߅ࡔॆࢅऐࠓ ׯྺࢇፕअӵăኄၵࡔॆࢅࢇፕअӵထྭཚࡗ዆۩

ඇมࣷڦአ֧ࢅࡀࣄLjኍܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑

ൽႜۯLj౮૰ٝ৊ॳ੃ࠅೝă໲்๟ኄׇඇ൰ሏۯ ڦံބă

྿ᇵࣷࢬᇛ XIP ࢅ߳ࡔአުኸڞॳ੃ڦมࣷ

ਦۨᅺ໎ଶᇘڦඇ൰ႜۯLj౮૰ํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝă߳

ࡔአުĂ௷क़ཷ༹ĂXIP तഄ໱ඇ൰Ⴀፇኯ၄ሞ ՂႷཚ૰ࢇፕLj֑ൽႜۯ߀฀๘হ߳ࡔට௷ڦิऄă ሞᅃپට้क़૛ํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝ๟੗ႜڦLjᄺ๟ኟඓ ڦLj၄ሞՂႷ૬नྺኮႜۯഐઠă

(4)

Ԓߢ߁ᄲ

ڼᅃևݴ! ඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝ֧୼ڦԝৠ

ڼ 2 ቤ! ᅃ߲ඇ൰ႎᅱײĊĊॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷ

ڼ 3 ቤ! ඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝĊĊႜۯႴᄲ ڼ 4 ቤ! ᇱᅺࢅӸ݆

ڼܾևݴ! ኤ਍ĂႜۯĂႜۯኁ ڼ 5 ቤ! ኤ਍ࢅႜۯڦԨዊ

ኤ਍ࣹጺ

྿ᇵࣷڦ߁౒઀ॐ ಒ܏ኤ਍

྿ᇵࣷڦႜۯࢅॺᅱڦ࠲॰ଶᇘ ߴփཞ֖ᇑኁڦॺᅱ

ॽॺᅱዃᇀ༬ۨԝৠዐ

ڼෙևݴ! ߀฀න׉ิऄ࣍ৣ

ڼ 6 ቤ! ഐۅࠅೝ

ྺظሰ߸ेࠅೝڦഐۅܸ֑ൽڦႜۯ ገՎ࠵౒

ํ७ዐڦܹཡራ೺ਸ݀ጹࢇ߅ᇨٯแ ঞᇣݔྷ

ঞᇣቱҹ

౰ཡঞᇣ

ڼ 7 ቤ! ॳ੃ൽਦᇀ࿐ิ࣍ৣ

ॺ૬ଆႠิऄ࣍ৣڦႜۯ

֖ᇑႠ׭๨࠶૙

߀฀׭๨ਃዿཉॲ

׭๨ࡀࣄࢅยऺٝ৊ॳ੃ႜྺࢅҾඇ

ཱིں๑ᆩ඄

౫٩ڦิऺ

౫٩एإยแࢅޜခ ౫٩ၠ׭๨ڦദᅎ ጲ඗࣍ৣ

ڼ 8 ቤ! ࠅೝ৽ᄽᇑ༹௬߾ፕ ظሰࠅೝ৽ᄽࢅ༹௬߾ፕ

ኧ׼Ⴀڦࡔा࣍ৣ

ेഽ߾ටሞࡔॆአ֧዆ۨዐڦ݀ჾ඄

Ҿඇ༹ܸ௬ڦ߾ፕՔጚ փ࿘ۨڦ߾ፕ

ణ! ୤

(5)

߀฀߾ፕ࣍ৣ

ڼ 9 ቤ! ዕิมࣷԍࢺ

ํ၄ඇ௷มࣷԍࢺڦႜۯ ዕิڦඇ௷มࣷԍࢺ዆܈

มࣷԍቱ༹ဣڦԍቱ૰܈

ణՔ

ॽมࣷԍࢺဣཥླྀ࠽዁ޮ߃ݔྷኮྔڦට்

ڼ : ቤ! ඇ௷ᅅଐԍॳ

ํ၄ඇ௷࿐ิԍॳڦႜۯ ඇ௷एԨ࿐ิԍॳ

؛प࿐ิԍॳĊĊม֖ࣷᇑࢅม൶ޯ඄

ᇨݞࢅॳ੃ٝ৊

ሏᆩۨၠ࿐ิԍॳઠॺ૬ඇ௷ޮ߃

࿐ิԍॳබጨĊĊ຦๭ࢅԍ၃ ӻዺ࿐ิ߾ፕኁ

ڼ຺ևݴ! ت૙඄૰Ăূബࢅጨᇸݴದփࠅ၄ၡ ڼ 21 ቤ! ሞ໯ᆶአ֧Ăဣཥࢅࡀࣄዐ༹၄ॳ੃ࠅೝ

ॺ૬ॳ੃ࠅೝڦᅃዂୟ০ ॳ੃ࠅೝፕྺมࣷ৊օڦኸՔ

አ֧ᅃዂႠĊĊኧ׼ॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆶၳऐ዆

አުአ֧ܔॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖၚ

࿐ิଶᇘాڦႜۯ ऐࠓॺย

࿐ิଶᇘڦĐ٣ࣅवđፕᆩ ڼ 22 ቤ! ࠅೝؕጨ

ओटႜۯLjٝ৊ࠅೝؕጨ

ે৊຦

ඇ൰ࣅ๘হڦ຦๭

࿐ิ݀ቛᇲዺDŽEBIDž

ᆩॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎઀ॐઠኸڞᇲዺ ቐခ३௨

࿄ઠቐခሴඪ

ࢇ૙ݴದ ڼ 23 ቤ! ๨ׇڦኰሴ

๨ׇሴඪ၎࠲ऄۯ

ेഽঢ়षཉሀܔॳ੃ࠅೝᆖၚڦೠࠚ ཉሀڦଳऄႠ

޶ሴඪڦຳᆶևோ

ڼ 24 ቤ! ଇႠೝڪ

߀฀ॳ੃ฉڦႠ՚փೝڪڦႜۯ ૬݆

Ⴀ՚ዷୁࣅ

ॽ޺౰ঢ়षࠋ၅భ෇ࡔॆቭࢽ ঞᇣࢅಢჟ

ঢ়ष֖ᇑ

Ⴀࢅิኳॳ੃ᇑ඄૧

ڼ 25 ቤ! ༵ߛአዎں࿋ĊĊԈઔႠᇑ݀ჾ඄

ਸቛႜۯLj঴ਦࣆᇕ඄ࢅথభ܈ዐڦփࠅೝ

(6)

አዎޯ඄૬݆ĊĊ඄૧ࢅऐࠓ ਦ֧ࡗײዐڦࠅೝ֖ᇑ ጲူܸฉLjٝ৊ॳ੃ࠅೝ

ڼ 26 ቤ! ඇ൰ଆࡻዎ૙

ዂ૰ᇀඇ൰ଆࡻዎ૙

ॳ੃ࠅೝĊĊඇ൰ణՔ ܠՉၹۙ

ഥ౎݀ቛణՔDŽNEHDž ኧ׼ඇ൰ॳ੃ዎ૙

ڼ࿵ևݴ! ኪ๎Ă֪॔ࢅरీǖႜۯڦኧዹ ڼ 27 ቤ! ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ǖ֪॔Ăჺ৯ࢅಢჟ

֑ൽႜۯLj༵ߛ֪॔Ăჺ৯ࢅ߅ᇨڦీ૰

؜ิکऻဣཥ

ࡔॆॳ੃ࠅೝႠ༹֪॔ဣ ॳ੃ࠅೝႠඇ൰֪॔ဣཥ કٷኪ๎एإ

ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦಢჟࢅঞᇣ

ڼୃևݴ! ݀ഐᅃ߲ඇ൰ሏۯ

ڼ 28 ቤ! גሁॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷڦ׼Ⴤႜۯ

׼Ⴤႜۯڦएإ ᅃၜ࿄ྜׯڦᅱײ ॳ੃ࠅೝڦణڦࢅణՔ

ཚၠॳ੃ࠅೝڦ૛ײԘĊĊዐ܌೺ׯࡕ

޹୤ B! ඇևॺᅱڦࣹጺ՗

྿ᇵ०঻

֖੊࿔၅

໫୼َ՗

઀Ă཮ࢅ՗

໭ᆅ

(7)

ዂ! ႇ

ኄݻԒߢ๟ᆯ XIP ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿

ᇵࣷ݀ഐĂፇኯࢅኸڞڦăԒߢڦጉႀཷܓׯᇵ ᆶ Njdibfm!NbsnpuĂTibspo!GsjfmĂSvui!CfmmĂ Ubokb! BK! Ipvxfmjoh ࢅ Tfcbtujbo! Ubzmps ڪă

ُྔLj྿ᇵࣷڦׯᇵĂኪ๎ྪஏĂࡔॆअӵĂࠅ

௷ ม ࣷ ፇ ኯLj ᅜ त ࿋ ᇀ න ా ྑ ڦ XIP ڦ ཞ ๚

்LjۼܔԨԒߢڦጉႀᆶ໯ࠋ၅Ljሞُᅃժߌႇă ཞ ้ ᆮ ഄ ᄲ ܔ Spo! MbcpoufĂEpo! NbuiftpoĂ Ifsobo! TtboepwbmDŽ྿ᇵࣷ༬՚ࠥ࿚Džࢅ Ebwje!

Xppexbse ڪ՗๖׵኿ႇᅪă

࿋ ᇀ ୿ ܘ ٷ ბ ڦ ྿ ᇵ ࣷ ௞ ກ ت ޶ ሴ ට ๟ Tibspo! GsjfmLjׯᇵԈઔ Svui! CfmmĂJbo! GpsefĂ Ubokb! BK! IpvxfmjohĂGfmjdjuz! QpssjuuĂFmbjof!

Sfjofsutfo ࢅ Tfcbtujbo! Ubzmps ڪă ࿋ ᇀ ๘ হ ࿐

ิፇኯڦ྿ᇵࣷ௞ກت޶ሴටሶ๟ Kfbofuuf! Wfhb DŽ3115.3118Dž ࢅ Ojdl! EsbhfsDŽ3119Džă ሞ ྿ ᇵ

ࣷڦؕԢࢅ߾ፕ৊ቛዐഐڟ࠲॰ፕᆩڦ๘হ࿐ิ

ፇ ኯ ߾ ፕ ට ᇵ Ԉ ઔ Fsjl! CmbtĂDisjt! CspxoĂ Ijmbsz! CspxoĂBmfd! JsxjoĂSfof! Mpfxfotpo DŽ ࠥ ࿚ DžĂSjdibse! QpfĂHbcsjfmmf! SpttĂSjuv!

TbebobĂTbsbi! TjnqtpoĂPsjfmmf! TpmbsĂOjdpmf!

Wbmfoujof ࢅ Fvhfojp!Sbvm!Wjmmbs!Npouftjopt ڪă

ഄ ໱ ᆶ ࠋ ၅ ڦ ߾ ፕ ට ᇵ Ԉ ઔ Fmnjsb! BefopwbĂ Ebojfm! BmcsfdiuĂMfyj! Cbncbt.OpmboĂBinbe!

Sf{b! IpttfjoqppsĂUifbepsb! LpmmfsĂMvdz!

N t i b o b Ă T v t b o o f ! O b l b m f n c f Ă H j p s f m m f z!

Ojf{foĂCpohjxf! QfhvjmmboĂBnju! QsbtbeĂ Lvnbobo!SbtbobuiboĂLjuuz!SbtnvttfoĂMjob!

SfjoefstĂBoboe! Tjwbtbolbsb! LvsvqĂOjlp!

Tqfzcspfdl ࢅ Njdifm!Uijfsfo ڪă

๘ হ ࿐ ิ ፇ ኯ ሞ ዮ ܠ ݛ ௬ ۼ ܔ ྿ ᇵ ࣷ ڦ ߾ ፕߴᇎକटٷӻዺăሞُLj࿢்ᄲܔ๘হ࿐ิፇ ኯമጺ߅๚૚ዓᇚձ๗ࢅ၄ඪጺ߅๚רމ޷ኆձ ๗ ՗ ๖ ዔ ႐ ߌ ႇă ྿ ᇵ ࣷ ࣏ ᄲ ߌ ႇ ዺ ૙ ጺ ߅ ๚ Ujn! Fwbot ձ๗ܔ࿢்߾ፕڦኧ׼Ljᅜत߳ں൶ ጺ ߅ ๚ Nbsd! Ebo{poĂIvttfjo! Bcefm.Sb{{bl!

BM! Hf{bjszĂObub! NfobcefĂTijhfsv! PnjĂ Tbnmff! QmjbocbohdibohĂNjsub! Sptft! Qfsjbmhp

ࢅ MvΜt! Hpnft! Tbncp ڪă ཞ ้Lj ߳ ں ൶ Ӹ ๚ تڦ၎࠲ටᇵᄺओटದࢇ࿢்ڦ߾ፕLj໱்๟ဇ໿

൶ Ӹ ๚ ت ڦ Bokbob! Civtibo ࢅ Tpf! Ozvou.VLj

౹ዞ൶Ӹ๚تڦ Disjt! CspxoLjெዞں൶Ӹ๚ت ڦ Mvj{! Hbmwbp ࢅ Nbsdp! BdlfsnboLj ۫ ళ ჱ ں

൶Ӹ๚تڦ Ebwjtpo! Nvopebwbgb ࢅ Uibo! TfjoLj ݥዞں൶Ӹ๚تڦ Cfokbnjo! OhboebĂBouipoz!

Nbxbzb ࢅ Disjt! NxjljtbLj ᅜ त ۫ ں ዐ ࡛ ں ൶ Ӹ ๚ ت ڦ Tbnffo! TjeejrjĂTvtboof! Xbuut ࢅ Npibnnfe! BttbjăُྔLj࣏ᆶߌႇ๘হ࿐ิፇ ኯጂ߳ࡔپ՗ܔ࿢்ڦኧ׼LjԈઔ Nffob! Dbcsbm!

ef! NfmmpĂDbsmpt! DpswbmboĂDmbvejb! Hbsdjb.

NpsfopĂBnjof! LfcfĂKbdpc! Lvnbsftbo ࢅ Fsjp![jhmjp ڪă

࿢்࣏ᄲߌႇ྿ᇵࣷڦࢇፕࡔॆअӵ்ĊĊഄ

ዐႹܠአުևோࢅ࠳ᇵۼܔ࿢்ڦ߾ፕ՗๖କटٷ

࠲ጀLj༵؜କႹܠԐࡍᅪ९Ljժྺ࿢்༵ࠃକට

૰Ă࿿૰య዁֎૰ฉڦኧ׼ă࿢்ᄲᆮྺߌႇઠጲ ᆈ ߭ ન ࢅ ٷ փ ଚ ہ ڦ Gjpob! Betifbe ࢅ Nbhhjf!

EbwjftLj ઠ ጲ े ధ ٷ ڦ Ebwje! Cvumfs.KpoftĂ Tzmwjf!TubdifolpĂKjn!Cbmm ࢅ Ifbuifs!GsbtfsLj ઠ ጲ ዇ ૧ ڦ Nbsjb! Tpmfebe! CbssjbĂQfesp!

HbsdjbĂGsbodjtdb! Jogbouf ࢅ Qbusjdjb! Gsfo{Lj ઠ ጲ ә ဇ ڦ Qbvmp! Cvtt ࢅ Bmcfsup! Qfmmfhsjoj!

GjmipLj ઠ ጲ ᅉ શ ᅉ ຯ ન ࠌ ࢅ ࡔ ڦ Hipmbn! Sf{b!

IfzebsjĂCjkbo! Tbesj{befi ࢅ Bmjsf{b! Pmzbff!

NboftiLj ઠ ጲ ੝ ౅ ჱ ڦ Tufqifo! NvdijsjLj ઠ ጲ ఎ ෝ Բ ਖ਼ ڦ Qbvmp! Jwp! Hbssjep ࢅ Hfsusveft!

NbdibujofLj ઠ ጲ ෌ ۆ ڦ Boob! IfejoĂCfsoz!

Mvoehsfo ࢅ Cpttf! QfufstpoLj ઠ ጲ ຯ ૛ ન ਸ਼ ڦ Qbmjuib! Bcfzlppo ࢅ Tbsbi! TbnbsbhfLj ઠ ጲ ႎ ဇ ન ڦ Epo! NbuiftpoĂTufqifo! Ndlfsobo

ࢅ Ufsftb! XbmmLj ᅜ त ઠ ጲ ໽ ࡔ ڦ Vhsje!

Kjoebxbuuibob ࢅ Bnqipo!Njmjoubohlvj ڪă ᅃၵࠅ௷มࣷፇኯׯᇵփৈྺ྿ᇵࣷڦ߾ፕ༵

ࠃକႹܠዘᄲ֖੊Ljᄺཚࡗጲวᆫ๞ઠ७ႜ࿢்໯

༵؜ڦॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎཰০Ljኄၵ ׯ ᇵ Ԉ ઔ Ejpvg! BnbdpepvĂGsbodpjtf! CbsufoĂ

(8)

B n j u ! T f o ! H v q u b Ă Q s f n ! K p i o Ă N x b k v n b!

NbtbjhbobiĂBmjdjb! Nvop{ĂIboj! TfsbhĂ Bmbb! Jcsbijn! TivlsbmmbiĂQbusjdl! Nvcbohj{j!

U j c b t j j n x b Ă N b v s j d j p ! U p s s f t ࢅ X b m u f s!

Wbsjmmbtă

࣏ᆶ࿢்ኪ๎ྪஏڦ໯ᆶׯᇵLj໱்ྺॳ੃

ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ኤ਍एإڦݿ޷ፔ؜କ

࢔ٷࠋ၅Ljᆮഄᄲߌႇኄၵኪ๎ྪஏڦଶڞኁࢅ

ၹۙටLjԈઔ Kpbo! CfobdiĂKptjbof! CpoofgpzĂ Kbof! EpifsuzĂTbsbi! FtdpsfmĂMvdz! HjmtpoLj Nbsjp! IfsoΓoef{ĂDmzef! Ifsu{nboĂMpsj!

JsxjoĂIfjej! KpiotupoĂNjdibfm! Q! LfmmzĂ Upse! LkfmmtuspnĂSpobme! MbcpouΘĂTvtbo!

NfsdbepĂBoupoz! NpshboĂDbsmft! NvoubofsĂ Qjsptlb! tumjoĂKfoojf! QpqbzĂMbfujujb! SjtqfuĂ Wjmnb! TboubobĂUfe! TdisfdlfsĂHjub! Tfo ࢅ Bskvnboe!Tjeejrj ڪă

࿢ ் ᄲ ߌ ႇ ܔ ኪ ๎ ྪ ஏ ڦ ፌ ዕ Ԓ ߢ ৊ ႜ ၯ ߡ ڦ 36 ࿋ ጆ ॆLj ᅜ त ܔ ྿ ᇵ ࣷ ߾ ፕ ༵ ؜ ಼ ೠ ᅪ ९ ڦ ཞ ඦLj Ԉ ઔ ఫ ၵ ֖ े ࿒ ߣ ࣀ ࣷ ᅱ ڦ ׯ ᇵLj ਏ ༹ Ԉ ઔ Qbtdbmf! BmmpufzĂTveijs! BoboeĂ Efcfcbs! CbofskjĂBesjfoof! HfsnbjoĂHpegsfz!

Hvobujmmflf ࢅ Sjdibse! Ipsupo ڪă ሞ ྿ ᇵ ࣷ ኄ ၵ౎ڦ߾ፕዐLj࿢்࣏ᇑ߳ࡔڦႹܠბኁࢅጆॆ

৊ ႜ କ ௢ ൎ ࢇ ፕLj ස Spcfsu! O! CvumfsĂIjeflj!

IbtijnpupĂPmmf!MvoecfshĂUpoz!NdNjdibfmĂ Sjdibse! Tv{nboĂFmj{bcfui! Xbufst ࢅ Tvtbo!

Xbuut ڪටă

ᅃၵჺ༪ࣷᄺӻዺ࿢்णາ࠽ᅮLj߸ࡻںਸ ቛ߾ፕLjසሞӐٷ૧ჱҮڤૃڤቻਸڦཱིዸටඖ ॳ ੃ ჺ ༪ ࣷDŽJoejhfopvt! Ifbmui! tznqptjvnDžĂ ሞ ᆈ ࡔ ୿ ܘ ቻ ਸ ڦ ෙ ׭ ࣷ ᅱDŽUisff! Djujft!

nffujohDžĂ ሞ ெ ࡔ ႎ ӎ ܻ ଆ ቻ ਸ ڦ ࣷ ᅱ ڪă ྺ

ُLj ࿢ ் ᄲ ܔ ᅜ ူ ࣷ ᅱ ට ᇵ ՗ ๖ ႇ ᅪLj Ԉ ઔ Obodz! BemfsĂDmjwf! BtqjoĂTvf! BuljotpoĂ Qbvmb! CsbwfnboĂMvdjb! FmmjtĂEbsbhi! GbifzĂ Hbjm! GjoembzĂFwbohfmjof! GsbolmjoĂIfbuifs!

HjggpseĂNjdl! HppebĂTboesb! HsjggjoĂTibof!

IpvtupoĂBebn! LbsqbujĂKpzdf! OpuujohibnĂ Qbvm!QmbouĂCfo!TqsjohhbufĂDbspm!UboobijmmĂ Ebxo!Xbmlfs ࢅ Ebwje!Xjmmjbnt ڪă

྿ᇵ࣏ࣷሞәဇĂेధٷĂ዇૧ĂዐࡔĂүतĂ ᆇ܈ĂᅉશᅉຯનࠌࢅࡔĂනԨĂ੝౅ჱĂ෌๗ࢅ

ெࡔڪںਉႜକܠْࣷᅱLjࣷᅱڦׯࠀ૗փਸړں አުĂ๘হ࿐ิፇኯ࠳ᇵĂბኁࢅݥአުፇኯڦኧ

׼ࢅӻዺă࿢்ᄺᄲܔఫၵྺ྿ᇵࣷڦ߾ፕ༵ࠃ֎

አኧ׼ڦፇኯࢅևோศ՗ߌघLjԈઔࡔा݀ቛჺ৯ ዐ ႐DŽJESDDžĂ ਸ ݣ ม ࣷ ჺ ৯ ໯DŽPqfo! Tpdjfuz!

JotujuvufDžĂेధٷࠅࠌ࿐ิຈĂQvsqmfwjmmf एূࣷĂ Spcfsu! Xppe! Kpiotpo एূࣷĂ෌ۆࡔॆࠅࠌ࿐

ิ໯Ăᆈࡔአުࢅ๘হ࿐ิፇኯڪă

޿Ԓߢ๟ᆯ Mvdz! Izbuu ՊडLjCfo! Nvssbz

ࢅ CNE ཮ೌยऺมࠌཞยऺLjMj{b! Gvsojwbm Պ ႀ໭ᆅă

(9)

ዷဝጀ๥

ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷDŽDpnnjttjpo!po!

Tpdjbm! Efmfsnjobout! pg! IfbmuiDž๟ሞ๘হ࿐ิ

ፇኯമጺ߅๚׊૚ዓᇚձ๗ڦבڞူׯ૬ڦLjኼሞ ඇ൰ݔྷా๭णĂԲডࢅኝࢇᆶ࠲ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨ

ᅺ໎ڦኤ਍Ljକ঴ኄၵᅺ໎ፕᆩᇀॳ੃ࠅೝڦ཰০Lj ժྺఫၵዂ૰ᇀ঴ਦփࠅೝڦႜۯ༵ࠃॺᅱă

փஃ๟྿ᇵࣷׯᇵĂ௞ກتLj࣏๟໯ᆶᇑ྿ᇵ

ࣷ၎࠲ڦටLjٷॆۼྺසူ 4 ߲ࠌཞڦ႐ᇼܸጬጬ ᅜ൱LjఫՍ๟ܔมࣷኟᅭڦ੘ྭĂܔඓረኤ਍ڦፎ ዘLjᅜतੂڟ၄ํዐට்ܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦ ࢮ๫ܸߌڟڦ฿஌ăڦඓLjᄺᆶᅃၵࡔॆሞॳ੃ࠅ

ೝฉൽڥକድణڦׯ৽Ljഄዐ዁ณᆶᅃևݴᄺኟ๟

ࡃࠀᇀሞॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ฉڦႜۯăኄၵׯ৽

ඟ࿢்࿮Բናݺă඗ܸLjٗඇ൰ݔྷฉઠੂLjॳ੃

փࠅೝ၄ၡධ඗ٷႜഄڢăᅺُLj྿ᇵࣷڦᅃ߲ዷ ᄲణڦ৽๟༵ืࡔाมࣷܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ࢅ

ॳ੃ࠅೝڦ࠲ጀLjժླྀۯഄ֑ൽ၎࠲ႜۯă

৑࠶ሞॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ฉධ඗Ⴔᄲ߸ศ෇

ڦჺ৯Ljڍణമᅙᆶڦኪ๎ᆌ޿ీࠕኧ׼࿢்༵؜

ႜۯॺᅱăኄݻॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷፌዕԒ ߢ৽ኸ؜କब߲࠲॰ଶᇘLjසන׉ิऄ࣍ৣࢅയሞ

঳ࠓႠླྀۯᅺ໎ڪLjኄၵۼ๟Ⴔᄲൎํႜۯेᅜ঴

ਦڦă޿Ԓߢ࣏ܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ፔକၖํڦ ݴဆLjժߴ؜କਏ༹ڦႜۯ૩ኤLjܸኄၵ૩ኤᄺۼ

๟ሞ၄ํมࣷዐԥኤ௽๟ᆶၳڦă

ڼᅃևݴ! ௮ࣼࢢ࠵քৠLj༵؜କॳ੃ڦมࣷ

ਦۨᅺ໎ڦዘᄲႠLjྺ၎࠲ႜۯ༵ࠃएإă޿ևݴ

๯ံܔࡔॆాࢅࡔॆक़޿࿚༶ڦჹዘײ܈ݴ՚৊ႜ

କ༪ஃLj඗ࢫଚਉ؜྿ᇵࣷ໯ණྺڦਦۨᅺ໎Ljኮ ࢫ༵؜੗ీڦ঴ਦ཰০ă

ڼܾևݴ! ߴ؜କ྿ᇵࣷڦႜۯ઀ॐLjժ׃௽

փཞ๫ঙࢅൎ෇ۅሞኄၜჺ৯ዐڦዘᄲॏኵăएᇀ ኄᅃ઀ॐLjԒߢᆼ௮ຎକ჋ስมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦ၎࠲

າ੊Ljᅜतኄၵᅺ໎ኮक़ڦ࠲૴ፕᆩă

ڼෙĂ຺Ă࿵ևݴ! ߸ྺဦዂں༪ஃକ྿ᇵࣷ

ڦ݀၄ࢅॺᅱăڼෙևݴዷᄲኍܔන׉ิऄ࣍ৣLj ස؜ิĂׯ׊ࢅঞᇣLjิऄࢅ߾ፕLj๑ᆩ࿐ิԍॳ ޜခڪăڼ຺ևݴሶ߸ጣዘĐ঳ࠓႠđڦ࣍ৣLjස ᇑׯ׊Ăิऄࢅ߾ፕ၎࠲ڦมࣷࢅঢ়षአ֧Ljአު

ࢅ๨ׇሞ༵ࠃߛዊଉࠅೝ࿐ิޜခዐڦঙ෥Ljఫၵ

ٝ৊ईፆҹॳ੃ࠅೝႜۯڦඇ൰࣍ৣᅺ໎ڪăڼ࿵

ևݴॽঋۅገၠକຕ਍Ljኄၵຕ਍փৈઠᇸᇀدཥ ჺ৯Ljཞ้ᄺԈࡤఫၵཚࡗܔॳ੃ࠅೝڦ֪ܸ॔ڥ ڟڦ၄ํኤ਍Ljසॳ੃ࠅೝႜۯසࢆٝ৊ईܱࣅට

்ڦิऄࢅॳ੃ዊଉă

ڼୃևݴ! ᆼ࣮ڟኮമڦඇ൰ྪஏLjሞኄ߲ྪ

ஏ૛Ljᆶ๘হ߳ںࠅ௷มࣷፇኯڦวᆖLjᄺᆶጆோ

ྺॳ੃ࠅೝॺ૬ڦࡔॆअӵ࠲ဣLj࣏ᆶྺຕዚܠڦ ჺ৯ᅱײLjᅜतሞॳ੃ࠅೝڦඇ൰ዎ૙ݛ௬ڦऐᇜ ڪăኄ߲ྪஏփৈ๟ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷׯ ૬ڦएإLjᄺՂॽׯྺ࿄ઠॳ੃ࠅೝඇ൰ႜۯڦए

็ă

ሞُLj৉ၠ໯ᆶ྿ᇵࣷׯᇵ৔৔ᄽᄽں߾ፕ՗

๖ዔ႐ڦߌႇLjే்փኪೃਛں޲؜๟྿ᇵࣷፌྺ

Ԑࡍڦ֎޷Ljᄺ๟྿ᇵࣷ໯ڥׯ৽ፌྺॕํڦएإă

Michael Marmot

ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷዷဝ

Michael Marmot William H.Foege Pascoal Mocumbi David Satcher

Frances Baum Yan Guo Ndioro Ndiaye Anna Tibaijuka

Monique Bégin Kiyoshi Kurokawa Charity Kaluki Ngilu Denny Vågeö Giovanni Berlinguer Ricardo Lagos Escobar Hoda Rashad Gail Wilensky Mieai Chatterjee Alireza Marandi Amartya Sen

྿ᇵࣷׯᇵǖ

(10)

ඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝ

ႎᅱײ

փཞࡔॆܹཡڦิ٪ऐᇜপ඗փཞăሞනԨई෌ۆLj

ܹཡڦᇨ೺๱ంྺ 91 ໠ᅜฉǗሞәဇLjྺ 83 ໠Ǘሞᆇ܈Lj

ྺ 74 ໠Ǘሞැ߅ݥዞࡔॆLjሶփڟ 61 ໠ăन๑ሞཞᅃࡔLj

ิ٪ऐᇜᄺ၎ֶ࢔ٷLjኄ๟ඇ๘হڦ೵Փ၄ၡăᅃೖසဢ ڦට࣒թ୲ࢅࡗራຶྨ୲ਃߛփူăڍժփ๟ኻᆶ؆ೖڦ ට֍ᆶॳ੃փଆ࿚༶ăሞ߳ૌ๭෇຤ೝڦࡔॆዐLjॳ੃ࢅ

दթᇑมࣷں࿋௢ൎ၎࠲Ǘมࣷঢ়षں࿋ሁگLjॳ੃൧઄

ሁֶă

ኄժփ๟Ղ඗၄ၡLjᇱઠփ޿සُă०ܸჾኮLjස ࡕཚࡗ֑ൽࢇ૙ڦႜۯ৽ీՆ௨ॳ੃຤ೝڦဣཥႠֶᅴLj ఫ஺Lj٪ሞኄၵֶᅴᆶ฿ࠅኟă࿢்׬ኮྺॳ੃փࠅೝ၄ ၡăၩأॳ੃փࠅೝ၄ၡLjनၩأࡔᇑࡔኮक़तᅃࡔాॳ

੃຤ೝ਎ٷڦĂڍ੗কኟڦֶᅴLj๚࠲มࣷࠅኟ࿚༶ăܔ ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎྿ᇵࣷDŽᅜူ०׬Đ྿ᇵࣷđDžܸჾLj

࣐঴ॳ੃փࠅೝ၄ၡ๟ړခኮथLj߸๟ᅃၜڢڤᅭခăม

ࣷփࠅኟ๟ටૌڦᅃٷ෫๮ă

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

(11)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

1 ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ᇑॳ੃ࠅೝ

ย૬྿ᇵࣷڦణڦ๟Ljֱ௽සࢆ੗ᅜٝ৊ॳ੃

ࠅೝLjժླྀۯਸቛඇ൰ሏۯLjᅜํ၄ኄᅃణՔă྿

ᇵࣷླྀۯඇ൰ࢇፕLjࣹणକਦ֧ኁĂჺ৯ටᇵࢅ௷

क़ཷ༹پ՗Lj྿ᇵ்๟޷ᆶঢ়ᄓڦአহࢅბຍহට ๗तओटݴጱăኵڥኸ؜ڦ๟Lj྿ᇵࣷ࠲ጀڦঋۅ ࡥ߃କඇ൰߳ዖ๭෇຤ೝࢅ݀ቛ຤ೝڦࡔॆLj़Ԉ ઔକళݛࡔॆLjᆼԈઔକԛݛࡔॆăॳ੃ࠅೝ๚࠲

໯ᆶࡔॆLjժศ๴ඇ൰ঢ়ष዆܈ࢅአዎ዆܈ڦᆖၚă

྿ᇵࣷඇ௬ੂځॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ăሰׯ൬ ටॳ੃փଆĂมࣷں࿋ܔࡔాට௷ॳ੃ڦᆖၚतࡔ ᇑࡔኮक़࿐ิጒ઄௽၂փࠅڦᇱᅺ๟Ljሞඇ൰ࢅࡔ

ॆݔྷా඄૰Ă๭෇Ăׂ೗ࢅޜခݴದփ਩Ljᅜत ໜኮሰׯڦන׉ิऄዐ௽၂փࠅኟ၄ၡLjසሞइڥ

࿐ิԍॳĂ৽܁ࢅ๴ঞᇣĂ߾ፕࢅႩှ࣍ৣĂዿ໯Ă ม൶Ă׭ኔLjᅜतሞၛ๴ݿ޷ܠ֒ิऄڦऐࣷฉLj

਩٪ሞփࠅኟ၄ၡăሞॳ੃փଆ࿚༶ฉװ၄ڦփࠅ ኟ၄ၡٗඪࢆঙ܈ੂۼݥĐጲ඗đ၄ၡLjܸ๟มࣷ

አ֧ࢅࡀࣄവॅĂঢ়षҾಇփࠅࢅአ֧฿ဃּሗሞ ᅃഐሰׯڦփଆࢫࡕă঳ࠓႠᅺ໎ࢅන׉ิऄ࣍ৣ

঍ሗሞᅃഐLjࠓׯକॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎Ljᅃࡔా

ևतࡔᇑࡔኮक़ॳ੃փࠅೝ၄ၡሞ࢔ٷײ܈ฉ਩ᇑ

ُᆶ࠲ă

ࡔाมࣷ੗ᅜծ୺ݒኟLjሞඇ൰Ăࡔॆࢅںݛ

߳प֑ൽ৆थࢅ׼Ⴤڦႜۯăඇ൰ݔྷా඄૰ݴದ

ࢅঢ়षҾಇटփࠅೝ๟ॳ੃ࠅೝଶᇘڦᅃ߲࠲॰࿚

༶ăኄਨփ๟ຫ੗ᅜᅺُࢮ๫ഄ໱֫௬ڦႜۯăࡔ

ॆࢅںݛአު੗ᅜਸቛٷଉ߾ፕǗߴ྿ᇵࣷାူศ ਗ਼ᆇၡڦ๟Lj௷क़ཷ༹ࢅںݛए֫ٷ૰ਸቛऄۯLj ሞںݛᅃप༵ࠃ኱থၹዺLjժླྀۯአުՎ߫ă

ړ඗LjഘࢪՎࣅᄺܔඇ൰዆܈ׂิକศਗ਼ڦᆖ ၚLjᆖၚጣ߲ටࢅඇ൰ڦิऄݛ๕ࢅॳ੃ă࿢்Ⴔ ᄲॽॳ੃ࠅೝࢅഘࢪՎࣅኄଇၜᅱײᆶऐں঳ࢇഐ ઠăࡔाมࣷሞೝ࢚ඇ൰ට੨ڦมࣷࢅঢ়ष݀ቛႴ ᄲĂॳ੃ࠅೝत৆थᆌܔഘࢪՎࣅڪ࿚༶้LjՂႷ टഄዘ๫ॳ੃ࠅೝ࿚༶ă

ႎ݀ቛ࠵

྿ᇵࣷڦ߾ፕ༹၄କႎ݀ቛ࠵ăॳ੃ᇑॳ੃ࠅ

ೝփᅃۨ๟ᅃൎมࣷአ֧ڦణՔLjڍᅃۨ๟߳ၜม

ࣷአ֧ڦߵԨ঳ࡕăट܋ዘ๫ঢ়षሺ׊৽๟ᅃ߲࢔

ࡻڦ૩ጱăᆮഄܔ൬ࡔܸჾLjঢ়षሺ׊࿮ᅑ࢔ዘᄲLj

੗ྺ߀฀ට௷ิऄ༵ࠃጨূăڍසփ֑ൽ๢ړڦม

ࣷአ֧ઠԍቱݴದঢ়षሺ׊ࡻتڦࠅೝႠLjঢ়षሺ

׊Ԩวܔॳ੃ࠅೝժ࿮ܠٷᲾᅮă

มࣷᅃၠኸྭᆯ࿐ิևோت૙ට்໯࠲ጀڦॳ

੃ᇑदթ࿚༶ă࿐ิԍॳݴದവॅLjፌႴᄲ࿐ิԍ ॳڦටඐڥփڟ࿐ิԍॳLj੝ۨ๟ॳ੃ڦᅃၜมࣷ

ਦۨᅺ໎ăሰׯସටኒ৚ڦࡗራෟ฿ิంڦקዘद թ޶څሞ࢔ٷײ܈ฉ੗ࡃৼᇀට்؜ิĂׯ׊Ăิ

ऄĂ߾ፕࢅ઻౎࣍ৣăܸೖઓࢅփೝڪڦิऄ࣍ৣ

๟มࣷአ֧ࢅࡀࣄവॅĂঢ়षҾಇփࠅࢅአ֧฿ဃ ڦ঳ࡕăአުĂ௷क़ཷ༹ࢅړںม൶ĂഓᄽহĂඇ

൰ஃ༇त߳ࡔाऐࠓۼՂႷኍܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ

໎֑ൽႜۯăአ֧ࢅࡀࣄՂႷࡥ߃มࣷڦ໯ᆶዷᄲ ևோLjܸփৈ၌ᇀ࿐ิևோăࡔॆ࿐ิևև׊ࢅ࿐

ิև๟ླྀۯඇ൰Վ߫ڦ࠲॰ă໱்੗ᅜሞมࣷፌߛ

֫ླྀۯዘ๫ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎Lj੗ᅜ๖ݔଆࡻፔ

݆ڦၳᆩLjժ൐੗ᅜኧ׼ഄ໱ևோ዆۩ᆶዺᇀॳ੃

ࠅೝڦአ֧ă๘হ࿐ิፇኯDŽXIPDžፕྺඇ൰࿐

ิऐࠓLjՂႷሞࡔा࿸໼ฉࣩ݀ኄᄣڦፕᆩă

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇॳ੃ֶਐ

྿ᇵࣷࢬᇛᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇॳ੃ֶਐăኄ๟

ᅃၜݺ۷ణՔLjܸժփ๟ᅃၜᇨ֪ăࡗඁ 41 ౎೺क़Lj ሞඇ൰ࢅࡔॆݔྷాLjॳ੃ጒ઄ٷྺ߀฀ă࿢்࢔

ૂ࠵Lj၄ᆶڦኪ๎ፁᅜీ๑ิऄٷྺ߀࠵Ljժ௽၂ ߀฀ॳ੃ࠅೝă࿢்ཞ้ᆼ࢔ခํǗ၄ሞ৽ᆌጣ๮

ሏႜăԨ྿ᇵࣷԒߢ׃ຎକසࢆย݆঴ਦᅃࡔాև तࡔᇑࡔኮक़ڦჹዘփࠅೝ၄ၡă

(12)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

2

྿ᇵࣷڦጺ༹ॺᅱ

߀฀න׉ิऄ࣍ৣ

߀฀౰ཡࢅ޺౰ޟ૧तܹཡڦ؜ิ࣍ৣLjٷ૰ዘ๫౰ཡࢅఴཡڦᆽܹ೺ׯ׊ࢅঞᇣLj߀฀ิऄࢅ߾ፕ

࣍ৣLj዆۩ࡥ߃໯ᆶටڦมࣷԍࢺአ֧Ljժྺݿ޷ܠ֒ڦ઻౎ิऄظሰཉॲă௷क़มࣷĂአުࢅඇ൰Ⴀऐ ࠓۼᆌ֑ൽአ֧ኛൽํ၄ኄၵణՔă

ت૙඄૧Ăূബࢅጨᇸݴದփࠅ၄ၡ

ྺ঴ਦॳ੃փࠅೝतන׉ิऄ࣍ৣփೝڪ࿚༶LjᆶՂᄲت૙มࣷፇኯݛ๕ฉڦփೝڪ၄ၡLjසଇႠփ

ೝڪ၄ၡăኄႴᄲᆶ൘௩৑ኰĂ޷ᆶీ૰ժᆶፁࠕጨূڦഽٷࠅ૬ևோăᄲፔڟኄᅃۅLjৈेഽአުኴႜ

࣏փࠕLj࣏Ⴔٝ৊ଆࡻ࠶૙Ljߴᇎ௷क़ཷ༹ࢇ݆ں࿋Ă੣क़ࢅኧ׼Ljຳටևோණኈ޶ሴLjมࣷ߳঩֫৽ࠅ ዚ૧ᅮٳׯࠌ๎Ljժም܈ዘ๫ण༹ႜۯڦॏኵăሞඇ൰ݔྷాLjए֫ม൶ࢅඇ൰ႠऐࠓۼႴᄲࠅೝ࠶૙ă

࢚ଉࢅ૙঴࿚༶तೠࠚႜۯڦፕᆩ

׶ණ࿚༶ժඓԍሞࡔॆࢅඇ൰ݔྷా࢚ଉॳ੃փࠅೝײ܈๟዁࠲ዘᄲڦႜۯഐۅăሞ XIP ኧ׼ူLj

߳ࡔአުत߳ࡔाፇኯᆌॺ૬ࡔॆࢅඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝ॔۽዆܈Lj׉ࡀႠ॔۽ॳ੃փࠅೝ࿚༶तॳ੃ڦมࣷਦ

ۨᅺ໎Ljժᆌೠࠚአ֧ࢅႜۯܔॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖၚăྺକీᆶፁࠕڦፇኯ੣क़ࢅీ૰ઠᆶၳت૙ॳ੃փࠅೝ

࿚༶LjႴᄲྺಢჟਦ֧ኁࢅ࿐ิٗᄽටᇵ৊ႜཨጨLjժႴᄲ༵ߛࠅዚܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦණ๎ăଷྔLj

࣏Ⴔᄲሞࠅࠌ࿐ิჺ৯ዐ߸ྺዘ๫มࣷਦۨᅺ໎ă

1 2

3

ෙၜႜۯᇱሶ

߀฀න׉ิऄ࣍ৣLjन߀฀ට்؜ิĂׯ׊Ă

ิऄĂ߾ፕत઻౎࣍ৣă

ሞඇ൰Ăࡔॆࢅںݛ߳प߀Վሰׯኄၵන׉ิ

ऄ࣍ৣڦ঳ࠓႠᅺ໎Lj঴ਦ඄૰Ăূബࢅጨᇸ ݴದփࠅኟ࿚༶ă

࢚ଉ࿚༶LjೠࠚႜۯLjકٷኪ๎एإLjၠᇵ߾

঄঴ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎Ljժ༵ߛࠅዚܔॳ੃

ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦණ๎ă

ᅜฉෙၜጺ༹ॺᅱ࠻حࢅ༹၄କኄෙၜႜۯᇱ ሶă྿ᇵࣷፌࢫԒߢ߁ᄲڦ฻ᇆևݴߵ਍ኄෙၜᇱ ሶ৊ႜକ׃ຎă

ƙ

Ɨ

Ƙ

(13)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

3

1. !߀฀න׉ิऄ࣍ৣ

ᆯᇀมࣷፇኯݛ๕ฉڦփࠅೝ၄ၡLjมࣷా

ևतփཞมࣷኮक़ට்ၛ๴ெࡻิऄࢅଆࡻॳ੃ጲ ᆯڦײ܈փཞăኄዖփࠅೝݒᆙሞᆽܹ೺ࢅ৽ბ࣍

ৣฉLj༹၄ሞ৽ᄽڦႠዊࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣฉLjժ၂၄ሞ

ਃዿ࣍ৣጒ઄ฉत໯تጲ඗࣍ৣڦዊଉฉăኄၵ࣍

ৣڦႠዊਦۨକփཞඖ༹ਏᆶփཞڦ࿿ዊཉॲĂ႐!

૙ĂมࣷᅈྂतႜྺਉኹLj৊ܸਦۨକփཞඖ༹๴

ڟॳ੃փଆ࿚༶ᆖၚڦײ܈ăมࣷݴࣅᄺሰׯକփ ཞ঩֫इڥࢅ૧ᆩ࿐ิԍॳऐࣷڦփཞLj঳ࡕሰׯ ሞ߀฀ॳ੃ࢅޟ૧ĂᇨݞदթĂ੃ްࢅิ٪ڪݛ௬ ڦփࠅೝ၄ၡă

ഐۅࠅೝ

ᆽܹ೺ׯ׊LjഄዐԈઔิ૙Ăมࣷ 0 ൧ߌĂᇕ ჾ 0 ዇૰ڪଶᇘڦ݀ᇣࢅׯ׊Ljཚࡗरേಢᄢࢅঞ ᇣLjܔৃࢫิऄऐᇜĂॳ੃त৽ᄽऐׂࣷิਦۨႠ ڦᆖၚăཚࡗኄၵऐ዆ईᅜ኱থݛ๕Ljᆽܹ೺ᆖၚ ጣৃࢫᮎ࣒ݨಘኢĂᆐᄢփଆĂ৛ห࿐ิ࿚༶Ă႐ ሤթࢅݖፍڦޅ၃ăඇ๘হణമ዁ณᆶ 3 ᅢఁܹཡ

ுీ؊ݴࣩ݀ഄ݀ቛയ૰ăኄܔഄॳ੃तኝ߲มࣷ

ሰׯକ਎ٷᆖၚă

ႜۯߵ਍

ᆽܹ೺ཨጨ๟ܔᅃپට้क़૛࣐঴ॳ੃փࠅೝ

࿚༶ፌᆶയ૰ڦᅃ߲ଶᇘăᆽܹ೺DŽनٗ໹ܹ዁ 9

໠Džतራ೺ࢅৃࢫঞᇣঢ়૦ྺᅃิێۨକ࠲॰एإă ܔᆽܹ೺ׯ׊৊ႜڦ੔ბჺ৯঳ࡕ၂๖Ljሞᆽܹ೺Lj ٷస݀ᇣܔྔևᆖၚߛ܈௺ߌLjժׂิዕวᆖၚă ଆࡻڦᆐᄢ዁ྺዘᄲLj๯ံሔ޺ՂႷᆐᄢڥړLj໹

ܹ֍ీइڥଆࡻᆐᄢăٗሔമLjঢ়ࡗሔ೺ࢅݴ௪Lj ڟิంፌ؛೺Ljజൕतഄጱ౰Ⴔᄲइڥ૶Ⴤփ܏ڦ ቷࠥࢅࢺ૙ăܹཡႴᄲᆶҾඇĂॳ੃Ăᆶ૧Ă؊஢

Һ႐ࢅऄሂڦิऄ࣍ৣăბമঞᇣࡀࣄࢅბၯፕྺ

ٝ৊ܹཡׯ׊ٷ࣍ৣڦᅃևݴLj੗ᅜሞಢᄢܹཡీ

૰ฉࣩ݀࠲॰ፕᆩăႴᄲ߸ඇ௬ں঴ਦᆽܹ೺Ljሞ ၄ᆶڦܹཡิ٪ࡀࣄڦएإฉीჄਸቛ߾ፕLjકٷ ᆽܹ೺߅ᇨٯแڦݔྷLjഄዐԈઔٝ৊มࣷ 0 ൧ߌ तᇕჾ 0 ዇૰ଶᇘڦ݀ᇣࢅׯ׊ă

ᄥ➅Μߌ Ꭰ᱋᎞䶰ᣖ᫩䔇㵸⮰ⵀ⾢䶥Ⱊ᭪⹦喏⌧ߌ㥑ڧস⹪цᓯ⤲ݦ⓬㐨ऴᣖ᫩ᄥࣽ㗞䔋㐿٫】⮰҈⩔B

bሞߵ਍ცசेਏ༹൧઄৊ႜۙኝࢫLj๑ᆩକ Hsjggjuit ႐૙ॳ੃֪ଉ՗Ljඓۨକሞܔፌ؛౎ମࢅݴຕ৊ႜۙኝࢫ݀ᇣ׿࣐ፇܹཡ ڦೝ਩݀ᇣ຤ೝLjܸܔݥ׿࣐ܹཡܔቷፇLjኻኍܔ౎ମ৊ႜକۙኝ

ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ Hsbouibn.NdHsfhps ڪDŽ2::2Dž

ݥ׿࣐ፇ ཁेᆐᄢࢅ

৊ႜِघ

৊ႜِघ ཁेᆐᄢ

ܔቷፇ

ए၍ 7 ߲ሆ 23 ߲ሆ 29 ߲ሆ 35 ߲ሆ

(14)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

4

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ඇ௬঴܁ᆽܹ೺LjႴᄲሞࡔाฉࢅࡔॆాํႜ

૶࠻ᅃዂڦአ֧Lj༹၄ॕۨڦਦ႐Ljժࣩ݀ଶڞፕ ᆩă࣏Ⴔᄲྺඇ๘হ໯ᆶܹཡ༵ࠃᅃኝ༫ඇ௬ڦᆽ

ܹ೺ׯ׊ࢅঞᇣࡀࣄतޜခă

׶౷ࢅ஌ํᆽܹ೺ඇ௬ت૙Ӹ݆Ljሞ၄ᆶ ڦܹཡิ٪ࡀࣄएإฉीჄਸቛ߾ፕLjժકٷ ᆽܹ೺߅ᇨٯแڦݔྷLjഄዐԈઔมࣷ 0 ൧ߌ तᇕჾ 0 ዇૰݀ቛă

ő!!ॺ૬ᅃ߲ऐࠓक़ऐ዆Ljඓԍᆽܹ೺ׯ׊አ֧

ၹۙLjᅜՍ߳ऐࠓඇ௬ت૙ᆽܹ೺ׯ׊࿚༶ă

ő!!ඓԍ໯ᆶܹཡĂజൕतഄ໱ቷଙኁۼీ૧ᆩ

ࢅ๑ᆩᅃኝ༫ߛዊଉڦᆽܹ೺ׯ׊ࡀࣄࢅޜ ခLjܸփஃഄኧ޲ీ૰සࢆă

৊ᅃօ༵ࠃঞᇣࢅકٷঞᇣݔྷLj஌ํᆽ

ܹ೺ׯ׊DŽิ૙Ăมࣷ 0 ൧ߌतᇕჾ 0 ዇૰ׯ׊Dž ᇱሶă

ő!!ၠ໯ᆶఴཡࢅ౰ཡ༵ࠃߛዊଉڦ؛पࢅዐप ᅭခঞᇣLjܸփஃഄኧ޲ీ૰සࢆă݀၄ࢅ

ၩأፆҹఴཡࢅ౰ཡጀ֩ࢅ৽ბڦቱҹLjժ ൽၩၭბბሗݯă

ॳ੃ൽਦᇀ࿐ิ࣍ৣ

ॳ੃तݿ޷ܠ֒ڦิऄऐᇜᇑට்ڦዿ໯တတ

၎࠲ă3118 ౎Ljඇ๘হ׭๨ਃ௷ᆶ๏ᅜઠ๯ْג ࡗට੨ӷຕăॽৎ 21 ᅢටዿሞೖ௷੭ă

ႜۯߵ਍

ඇ๘হగၵں൶ࢅඖ༹ीჄ๴ڟدකթࢅᆐᄢ փፁ࿚༶ڦઓඡă׭๨ࣅټઠକႎڦࠅࠌ࿐ิ࿚༶Lj ᆮഄ๟׭๨൬ටڦࠅࠌ࿐ิ࿚༶Lj؜၄କأدකթĂ

๚ࠤࢅԓ૰๚ॲतิༀ࣍ৣሚ࡞ኮྔLjሰׯຶྨට ຕࢅᆖၚփ܏ሺेڦ൵๞ă

ට்ڦන׉ิऄ࣍ৣܔॳ੃ࠅೝׂิକ਎ٷᆖ ၚăၛ๴ߛዊଉዿ໯Ăइڥল৫຤ࢅ࣍ৣ࿐ิยแ

๟ට඄Lj๟ॳ੃ิऄڦएԨႴᄲăනᅮᅈડഛכLj

ྺᆩכՍ૧ܸ቞ᆩ߸ܠཱིںLjݥऐۯڦ୫ႜݛ๕න

൵փՍLjܔړں੣ഘዊଉĂ࿒๪ഘ༹ಇݣत༹૰ऄ ۯඍ݄ሰׯକᅃဣଚ૶໮ݒᆌă׭๨࣍ৣࡀࣄࢅย

ऺཚࡗܔႜྺࢅҾඇڦᆖၚLjሞॳ੃ࠅೝݛ௬ࣩ݀

ጣዘٷፕᆩă

ሞփཞࡔॆईں൶Lj׭ၕਃ௷Բ૩࢔փᅃᄣǖ ሞք୉ڱࢅ࿪߅ٳLj׭๨ਃ௷փڟ 21&LjܸሞԲ૧

้Ăዐࡔၑߗ༬՚ႜአ൶Ă੔ྰ༬ࢅႎेೢLjሶߛ ٳ 211& ईॽৎ 211&ă֨ዘ׭๨ሺ׊ڦአ֧ࢅཨ ጨఇ๕ڞዂ๘হ߳ںၕ٩ม൶LjഄዐԈઔཱིዸਃ௷

एإยแࢅยԢཨጨනᅮփፁLjዚܠ౫௷။෇ೖઓLj

ิऄ࣍ৣܱଝLjኄሞᅃۨײ܈ฉेਗକ౫௷ԝ৞૗

ၕڦ࿚༶LjႹܠ౫௷ᆥၠఔิڦ׭๨ă

ణമڦ׭๨ࣅఇ๕ܔ࣍ৣࠓׯକჹਮ཈቟Ljሞ ഘࢪՎࣅݛ௬ᆮഄසُLjگ๭෇ࡔॆࢅ٤ෑڦჱට ඖ๴ᆖၚᆮฯăణമLj࿒๪ഘ༹ಇݣዷᄲᇸᇀ݀ٳ ࡔॆ׭๨ڦၩݯఇ๕ă঍ཚࢅॺዾڦܾᄟࣅ༐ಇݣ ଉ቞ 32&Lj౫ᄽऄۯڦܾᄟࣅ༐ಇݣଉ቞ 206 ፑᆸă ౫ፕ࿿๭ׯሞ࢔ٷײ܈ฉൽਦᇀړമڦഘࢪ࣍ৣă ഘࢪ࣍ৣڦ؋ऍࢅ਎ٷՎࣅᇑ३ณඇ൰ॳ੃փࠅೝ

ײ܈ڦඪခ৆௢၎࠲ă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ྺํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝLjม൶ࢅዿ൶ՂႷԍቱएԨ࿿

೗ࠃᆌLjԍ׼มࣷࢅၿLjᆶ૧ਃ௷ڦว႐႞ޟLjժ ᆶዺԍࢺጲ඗࣍ৣă

ॽॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝዃᇀ׭๨࠶૙ࢅࡀࣄڦ

ࢃ႐ă

ő!!ྉ฀࠶૙׭๨݀ቛLjඓԍ৊ᅃօ༵ࠃ੗޶څ ڥഐڦዿݝǗཨጨ߀ሰ׭๨ೖ௷੭Ljഄዐᆫ

ံྺ໯ᆶዿࢽ༵ࠃ຤ĂۉĂ࿐ิยแࢅޤย ڢୟLjܸփ࠶ഄኧ޲ీ૰සࢆă

ő!!ํႜଆࡻڦ׭๨ࡀࣄLjࢇ૙༵בॳ੃ࢅҾඇ ڦႜྺLj૩ස৊ႜࠅࠌ঍ཚཨጨLjཚࡗଭ๳

ࡀࣄ၌዆փॳ੃๋೗Ljժਸቛଆࡻڦ࣍ৣย

ऺࢅ॔࠶LjഄዐԈઔ੦዆৶৛ᆃଙଭ๳ۅڦ ຕణă

ཚࡗ׼Ⴤཨጨ౫٩݀ቛLjٝ৊׭ၕኮक़ॳ

੃ࠅೝLj঴ਦڞዂ౫٩ೖઓĂ౫௷࿮ںᅜतୁ

૗฿໯࿚༶ڦഇ๫౫௷አ֧ࢅፔ݆ă

ő!!֑ൽႜۯت૙౫٩ཱིں๑ᆩ඄ࢅ໯ᆶ඄࿚

༶Ljԍቱ౫௷ڦॳ੃ิऄLj๢ړཨጨ౫٩ए إยแLjժ֑ൽአ֧ၹዺ৊׭௷߾LjᅜՍၩ

أ׭๨ሺ׊ሰׯڦփࠅೝࢫࡕă

ඓ ԍ ሞ ኍ ܔ ഘ ࢪ Վ ࣅ त ഄ ໱ ࣍ ৣ ཽ ࣅ ၄ ၡ֑ൽڦঢ়षࢅมࣷܔ֧ዐ੊୯ڟॳ੃ࠅೝᅺ

໎ă

(15)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

5

ࠅኟ৽ᄽᇑ༹௬߾ፕ

৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣܔॳ੃ࠅೝᆶጣዘٷᆖၚăሞ ଆࡻڦ৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣዐLjට்ీࠕइڥঢ়षԍቱĂ มࣷں࿋Ă߲ට݀ቛĂมࣷ࠲ဣժຏ૬ጲፎLjփ๴

ิ૙Ă႐૙ࢅมࣷླ࡞ڦᆖၚăՂႷሞඇ൰Ăࡔॆ

ࢅںݛ߳प֑ൽႜۯ߀฀৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣă

ႜۯߵ਍

߾ፕܔॳ੃ׂิႹܠ࢔ٷڦᆖၚă߾ፕ़Ԉઔ

৽ᄽ࣍ৣLjᆼࡥ߃߾ፕԨวڦႠዊăહۯ૰ڦଳऄ Ⴀԥ๫ྺᆶዺᇀ༵ߛঢ়ष৪ኛ૰Ljڍܔॳ੃ሰׯᆖ ၚăᆶኤ਍၂๖Ljᇑ׊೺߾ፕටᇵ၎ԲLjଣ้߾ڦ

ຶྨ୲ߛڥܠă৽ᄽཉॲփॅDŽසݥࠦۨ೺၌ڦଣ

้ࢇཞ߾Ă࿮ࢇཞ߾तݥඇኰ߾ڪDžܔ৛หॳ੃ሰ ׯփଆࢫࡕăጲ๫߾ፕփ࿘ۨڦ߾ටڦ႐วॳ੃๴

ڟჹዘڦփଆᆖၚă

߾ፕ࣍ৣᄺᆖၚॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝăփ૧ڦ߾ፕ

࣍ৣࣷ๑߲ට௬ଣᅃဣଚว༹ॳ੃ླ࡞Ljডگपኰ ᄽڦ߾ፕ࣍ৣྫྫᄺডܱଝăঢ়ࡗႹܠ౎ڦፇኯႜ

ۯࢅ॔࠶Ljߛ๭෇ࡔॆ߾ፕ࣍ৣዕᇀइڥ߀฀Ljܸ

Ⴙܠዐڪ๭෇ࢅگ๭෇ࡔॆධݥ׉ඍ݄ଆࡻڦ߾ፕ

࣍ৣă61& ᅜฉڦ࠴႐թޅ၃ᇑ߾ፕׇ໯ڦუ૰ᆶ

࠲ăᆶ׼Ⴤኤ਍၂๖Lj߾ፕუ૰ٷĂ݀ჾ඄ၭत౮

૰ᇑԒؐփׯԲ૩๟ሰׯ႐วदթڦླ࡞ᅺ໎ă

ᠵरㆧऴसᢾ݃⮰㺫⤙➅ѿ߇ߟߔ㔱㇪⺊֑Ꮳ⫪⫱≭㵸⢳

ጨଙઠᇸǖBsub{dpb ڪLj3116

׊೺

ఴႠ ౰Ⴀ

ӥݴ୲DŽ&Dž

ࠦۨ೺၌

ଣ้߾

࿮ࢇཞ߾

ݥࠦۨ೺၌

ଣ้߾

(16)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

6

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ཚࡗԍቱࠅೝڦ৽ᄽࢅ༹௬ڦ߾ፕ࣍ৣLjአުĂ

ࠧዷࢅࠧᇵ੗ᅜၹዺၩأೖઓLj࣐঴มࣷփࠅኟ၄ ၡLjইگิ૙Ă႐૙ࢅมࣷླ࡞Ljሺ৊ॳ੃ࢅޟ૧ă ړ඗Ljॳ੃ڦહۯ૰࣏ᆶዺᇀ༵ߛิׂ୲ă

ॽ؊ݴࢅࠅኟ৽ᄽत༹௬߾ፕፕྺࡔॆࢅ

ࡔाมࣷঢ়षਦ֧ڦᅃၜዐ႐ణՔă

ő!!༵ࠃ؊ݴࢅࠅኟڦ৽ᄽत༹௬߾ፕᆌ๟߳ࡔ

ाऐࠓڦᅃၜࠌཞణՔLjժፕྺࡔॆአ֧ᅱ ײࢅ݀ቛ቟୼ڦᅃ߲ࢃ႐ևݴă߾ටᆌ৊ᅃ օ֖ᇑ዆۩ᇑ৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕᆶ࠲ڦአ֧Ă݆ୱ

ࢅࡀࣄă

ྺํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝLjႴᄲྺ໯ᆶڦට༵ࠃҾ ඇڦĂᆶԍቱڦࢅइڥࠅኟԒؐڦ߾ፕLj༵ࠃ ඇ౎߾ፕऐࣷतሞ߾ፕᇑิऄኮक़ํ၄ྉ฀ೝ

࢚ă

ő!!ྺට்༵ࠃߛዊଉڦ߾ፕLj߾ጨ๭෇ᆌీ஢

ፁิऄႴᄲLjժ੊୯ڟణമॳ੃ิऄڦํा

ׯԨă

ő!!ԍࢺ໯ᆶ߾ටăࡔाऐࠓᆌኧ׼߳ࡔํแኟ ๕߾ࢅݥኟ๕߾ࢃ႐હۯՔጚǗ዆۩ᆶ࠲አ

֧ԍቱ߾ፕᇑॆབྷิऄኮक़ڦೝ࢚Ǘժ३ൟ

৽ᄽཉॲփॅڦ߾ටᅺඍ݄࿘ۨሰׯڦփଆ ᆖၚă

߀฀໯ᆶ߾ටڦ߾ፕ࣍ৣLjইگഄ௬ଣڦ

ํाླ࡞Ă߾ፕუ૰तᆶ໦ॳ੃ႜྺڦײ܈ă

र౜ࡦ⃻ᬑ⩋≧䉥⩔ 㒺ٯᝂ̹ݜ 㒺ٯ⮰጑Ϧࢌ౔㕸጑Ϧ⮰℀ҷᗱۡ

3118 ౎ຕ਍ྺ؛օࠚ໙ຕ਍

ঢ়ፕኁཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲࡔाહ߾ፇኯDŽ3119Dž

ӥݴ୲DŽ&Dž

ඇ๘হ ዐ౹ࢅ۫ళ౹

۫ჱ

۫ళჱࢅ໿ೝᄝ ళჱ

ઙெࢅेુԲ ዐ۫

ԛݥ

ݥዞිࡘઙᅜళں൶

(17)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

7

ዕวมࣷԍቱ

໯ᆶڦටሞᅃิ೺क़Ljසཡ౎Ă߾ፕ೺ࢅ઻౎Lj ۼႴᄲइڥมࣷԍቱă࣏ႴጆோݞݔदթĂ֘दत

ෟ฿๭෇ई߾ፕڪ؋ऍă

ႜۯߵ਍

گิऄ຤ೝ๟ॳ੃փࠅೝڦᅃၜዘᄲᆖၚᅺ

໎Ljཚࡗܔᆽܹ೺ׯ׊तഄ໱ᆖၚLjᆖၚକටิࡆ गăܹཡೖઓतೖઓ๘پ၎د๟ᆖၚ߀฀ॳ੃ࢅ३ ณॳ੃փࠅೝײ܈ڦዘٷቱҹăඇ๘হ 506 ڦටඍ

݄एԨมࣷԍቱă

ዘႎݴದ႙ޟ૧዆܈तට்ሞહۯ๨ׇฉ੗ᅜ ၛ๴ॳ੃ิऄڦײ܈ᆖၚጣೖઓ຤ೝăሞ੄਼ڦඇ

௷มࣷԍቱ዆܈ူLjට்ڦॳ੃ጒ઄ডࡻLj઻ටኟ

׉ຶྨ୲ডگLjมࣷෑ๞ඖ༹ڦຶྨ୲ᄺডگăሞ

ํႜඇ௷มࣷԍቱ዆܈ڦࡔॆዐLjมࣷԍቱᇨ໙ড ߛLj൐ডྺ׼৳Ǘ၎ܔᇀփጀዘ൬ටޟ૧ڦࡔॆܸ

ჾLjኄၵࡔॆڦೖઓࢅ๭෇փ਩ײ܈ཚ׉ডگă ሞඇ൰ࢅࡔॆݔྷాၠ໯ᆶට༵ࠃมࣷԍቱLj ॽၠᅃپට้क़૛ํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝڦݛၠ஝؜ᅃٷ օăኄԈઔၠٗ๚ड़੮߾ፕڦටLjഄዐԈઔٗ๚ݥ ኟ๕߾ፕĂॆခईቷଙ߾ፕڦටLj༵ࠃมࣷԍቱă

ኄܔ߾ටٷܠٗ๚ݥኟ๕߾ፕڦ൬ࡔ࢔࠲॰Ljܔ޺

౰ᄺ࢔࠲॰Ljᅺྺ޺౰ڦॆབྷሴඪྫྫ๑ഄ࿮݆ሞ ࡀۨছݯ዆มࣷԍቱ዆܈ူओેፁࠕڦޟ૧ă໚඗

ሞႹܠࡔॆዐएԨ༹዆വඍࢅঢ়षీ૰ᆶ၌ධ๟ᅃ

߲ዘٷቱҹLjڍ๘হ߳ںڦঢ়ᄓ၂๖Ljन๑ሞگ๭

෇ࡔॆዐLjጣ๮ॺ૬มࣷԍቱ዆܈ᄺ๟੗ႜڦă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇॳ੃ֶਐLjႴᄲ߳ࡔአުॺ ૬๢ړڦ༹዆Ljԍቱට்ၛ๴ଆࡻڦิऄ຤ೝLj๑ ඪࢆටۼփ዁ᇀᅺԨට࿮݆੦዆ڦᅺ໎ܸ࿮ᇹၛ๴

ଆࡻڦิऄ຤ೝăมࣷԍቱ዆܈ᆶዺᇀํ၄߳ၜ݀

ቛణՔLjփՂڪڟํ၄ኄၵణՔࢫምॺ૬มࣷԍቱ

዆܈ăมࣷԍቱ዆܈੗ᅜᆶၳ३ೖLjړںঢ়षᄺࣷ

ٗዐ๴ᅮă

዆۩ժेഽ࠽ݘĂඇ௬ڦมࣷԍቱአ֧Lj ၹዺ໯ᆶටۼइڥፁࠕڦ๭෇ࡗฉॳ੃ิऄă

ő!!ደօ༵ߛมࣷԍቱ዆܈ڦޟ૧຤ೝLj๑ට்

ࡗฉॳ੃ิऄă

ő!!ඓԍมࣷԍቱ዆܈ޮ߃ཚ׉ሦڟಇ؈ڦටLj नٗ๚ड़੮હۯኁLjഄዐԈઔٗ๚ݥኟ๕߾

ፕĂॆခईቷଙ߾ፕڦටă

Ꭰͷݹȟ᱋䬠ᝂͷऺ ͖఩ტᕧѿტᏙᩫもᚣᚔ⼷Ꮢস٫】䉗జ⟢ۡ

ٗገᅎ๭෇ዐइڥڦ৫๭ᅮ቞ׂᄽ߾ටೝ਩৫߾ጨڦӥݴ୲ăೖઓ၍๟ዐ࿋ೝ਩੗ኧದ๭෇ڦ 61&

BVT> Ӑ ٷ ૧ ჱǗBVU> ӎ ں ૧ǗCFM> Բ ૧ ้ǗDBO> े ధ ٷǗGJO> ݰ નǗGSB> ݆ ࡔǗHFS> ڤ ࡔǗJSF> Һ ܻ નǗ JUB> ᅪٷ૧ǗOFU> ࢁનǗOPS> ౴ྰǗTXF> ෌ۆǗTXJ> ෌๗ǗVL> ᆈࡔǗVTB> ெࡔ

ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ Mvoecfsh ڪDŽ3118Dž

ӥݴ୲DŽ&Dž

ॆབྷአ֧

੄਼ײ܈DŽ&Dž

(18)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

8

ඇ௷ᅅଐԍॳ

इڥࢅၛᆩ࿐ิԍॳܔଆࡻॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝ዁

࠲ዘᄲă࿐ิԍॳ዆܈Ԩว৽๟ॳ੃ڦᅃၜมࣷਦ

ۨᅺ໎Lj໲़๴ڟഄ໱มࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦᆖၚLjཞ้

ᆼᆖၚጣഄ໱มࣷਦۨᅺ໎ăႠ՚ĂঞᇣĂኰᄽĂ

๭෇Ăፃᅩतਃዿںᇑට்इڥࢅၛᆩ࿐ิԍॳत ሞ࿐ิԍॳݛ௬ڦঢ়ᄓ৆௢၎࠲ă࿐ิԍॳଶᇘڦ ଶڞට੗ᅜࣩ݀ዘٷፕᆩLjኸڞมࣷ߳঩֫ਸቛ߾

ፕLjժඓԍഄ໱ևோڦአ֧ࢅႜۯᆶዺᇀ߀฀࿐ิ

ࠅೝă

ႜۯߵ਍

ுᆶ࿐ิԍॳLj৽ࣷෟ฿Ⴙܠٷޗ܈ሺഽॳ੃

ڦऐࣷăසࡕํႜփॳඇڦईփࠅೝڦ࿐ิԍॳ዆

܈Lj৽ࣷෟ฿ߵ਍มࣷࠅኟ඄ၠ௅߲ට༵ࠃ࿐ิԍ ॳڦऐࣷăኄၵ๟໯ᆶࡔॆۼ௬ଣڦࢃ႐࿚༶ă߸

৆೨ڦ๟Ljܔگ๭෇ࡔॆܸჾLjՍᇀ֑ᆩĂยऺڥ ړࢅ࠶૙ଆࡻڦ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈ٷٷᆶዺᇀํ၄ഥ౎

݀ቛణՔăுᆶኄᄣڦ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈Ljํ၄ഥ౎݀

ቛణՔڦऐࣷ৽ࣷٷྺ३ณăႹܠࡔॆڦ࿐ิԍॳ

዆܈ट܈വඍLjሞၠ൬ටࢅ޷ට༵ࠃ࿐ิԍॳฉत ൬ටࢅ޷ටइڥत๑ᆩ࿐ิԍॳฉ٪ሞ਎ٷڦփࠅ ኟ၄ၡă

྿ᇵࣷණྺ࿐ิԍॳ๟ࠅᅮ೗Ljܸփ๟๨ׇฆ

೗ăबࢭ໯ᆶߛ๭෇ࡔॆڦ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈ۼॺ૬ሞ ඇ௷ၛ๴ᇱሶڦएإฉLjॽ࿐ิබጨᇑ࿐ิޜခࠃ ᆌ঳ࢇሞᅃഐăߵ਍ඇ௷ၛ๴ᇱሶLjࡔా௅߲ටLj փ࠶ഄ๭෇຤ೝĂมࣷں࿋ईਃ௷วݻසࢆLjۼీ

ߵ਍ഄႴ൱ࢅೋࡻइڥཞᄣݔྷڦDŽߛዊଉڦDžޜ ခLjժ൐ٝ৊ට்ၛ๴ኄၵޜခăඇ௷ۼీၛ๴ڟ ཞᄣݔྷڦޟ૧ăഄ໱ࡔॆLjԈઔፌ൬ࡔሞాLjሞ

׊೺इڥ๢ړኧ׼ڦ൧઄ူLjுᆶඪࢆࢇ૙ڦ૙ᆯ փጕ൱ํ၄ටටၛᆶ࿐ิԍॳڦణՔă

྿ᇵࣷዷቧཚࡗ೵Փኙ຦Ljྺ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈༵

ࠃጨূࢅDŽईDžํႜഽ዆Ⴀඇ௷ԍ၃ă਍ֱۙLjሞ ႹܠࡔॆዐLjࠅࠌ࿐ิԍॳኧ؜ਏᆶምݴದႠዊă ᆮഄ๟ᆌ৑ଉ३ณཨԍටጲ޲ڦ࿐ิԍॳݯᆩăዐ گ๭෇ࡔॆํႜڦ࿐ิԍॳ๑ᆩݯአ֧ڞዂ࿐ิԍ ॳ๑ᆩ୲ጺ༹ူইLjට௷ॳ੃ጒ઄׼Ⴤܱࣅăᆯᇀ

ॆབྷ࿮݆ኧ޲टྺӆࡍڦᅅଐݯᆩLj௅౎ᆶ 2 ᅢܠ ට။෇ೖઓăኄᅃጒ઄๟ସට࿮݆থ๴ڦă

ᠵ㏻≺ᩢڑᰬѺসᰬ倄πܲѹ㑂ݢ⮰ ๆ͖఩ტႁϓຳস٫】ദ᱘ࢗ⩋᰹ߍҫ⩔ᗱۡ

ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ HxbuljoLjXbhtubgg!'!Zb{cfdlDŽ3116Dž

ঢ়ष๭෇

ፌگڦ

࿵ݴ࿋

቞၎࠲ඖ༹ڦӥݴ୲DŽ&Dž

ঢ়ष๭෇

ፌߛڦ

࿵ݴ࿋

ׂമԍॳ ੨ޜցᅂ ଐ݆

؊ݴ௨ᅧ ዎଐथႠ ࢬဌڢ

ߌක

ᆯዺׂ๗ থิ

ዎଐ޵ႆ ዎଐ݀ඤ ๑ᆩံ৊

Նሔ๮܎

) ౰Ⴀ *

(19)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

9

ሞ؛प࿐ิԍॳDŽQIDDžएإฉॺ૬࿐ิԍ

ॳ዆܈Ljࣷܔට௷ॳ੃ׂิ߸ࡻڦၳࡕă੗ᅜ૧ᆩ

؛प࿐ิԍॳఇ๕Ljഽۙሞړںኍܔᅃဣଚมࣷਦ

ۨᅺ໎֑ൽ๢ړႜۯLjॽᇨݞࢅٝ৊߾ፕᇑዎଐႠ ߅ᇨٯแཨጨ߾ፕ࢔ࡻں঳ࢇഐઠLjഽۙ؛पԍॳLj ཞ้੗ᅜ๢ړገኑLjॽթටገ዁߸ߛपڦኑ໯ă

ሞ໯ᆶࡔॆLjړںᆛᆶፁࠕڦĂჟଁᆶ໎ڦ࿐

ิටᇵܔકٷ࿐ิԍॳޮ߃௬ࢅ༵ߛԍॳዊଉटྺ

ዘᄲLjኄሞፌೖઓڦࡔॆࢅఫၵ௬ଣ዇૰ྔୁ࿚༶

ڦࡔॆዐ߸๟ړခኮथăྺಢჟࢅାዿ࿐ิԍॳට ᇵ৊ႜཨጨ๟࿐ิԍॳ዆܈݀ቛ጑ٷڦ࠲॰ăኄႴ ᄲሞඇ൰ݔྷా࠲ጀ࿐ิටᇵڦୁۯLjժሞࡔॆࢅ

ںݛ֫௬ዘ๫ཨጨࢅरຍಢჟăٗ XIP ڟړںኑ

໯Lj߳पᅅଐ࿐ิටᇵ࢔ᆶ݀ჾ඄Lj੗৽มࣷڦ࿐

ิ࠵౒ࢅਦۨ݀՗ᅪ९ă໱்௽ӣLjཚࡗ࿐ิԍॳ

዆܈Ljኍܔփଆॳ੃࿚༶ڦมࣷߵᇸ֑ൽ߸ྺ૶࠻

ࢅၹۙڦႜۯփৈ࢔ᆶၳᆩLjܸ൐๟ᅃၜڢڤᅭခă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ߵ਍ࠅೝĂदթᇨݞࢅ࿐ิٝ৊ᇱሶॺ૬

࿐ิԍॳ዆܈ă

ő!!ॺ૬ටට੗ၛᆩڦĂᅜ؛प࿐ิԍॳྺዘۅ ڦߛዊଉ࿐ิԍॳޜခă

ő!!ेഽࠅ૬ևோሞ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈ࠅೝබጨݛ௬ ڦଶڞፕᆩLjඓԍටටփஃኧ޲ీ૰සࢆۼ

ీၛᆶ࿐ิԍॳă

ॺ૬ࢅेഽ࿐ิܓ࿹Ljժሺഽኍܔॳ੃ڦ มࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽႜۯڦీ૰ă

ő!!ܔࡔॆ࿐ิܓ࿹৊ႜཨጨLjሞ׭ၕ࿐ิටᇵ

௢܈ฉԍ׼ೝ࢚ă

ő!!֑ൽٯแت૙࿐ิට֍ྔୁ࿚༶Ljዘۅ๟ਸ ቛཨጨLjሺे࿐ิևோට૰ጨᇸࢅಢჟLjժ ཚࡗۀ঳ມՉၹᅱྉ฀ت૙ට֍ྔୁڦڥ฿

࿚༶ă

(20)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

10

2. !ت૙඄૰Ăূബࢅጨᇸݴದփࠅ၄ၡ

փࠅೝڦන׉ิऄ࣍ৣᇸᇀ߸ศਗ਼ڦมࣷ঳ࠓ

ࢅ৊ײăփࠅೝ๟߲ဣཥႠ࿚༶Ljሰׯኄᅃ࿚༶ڦ ᇱᅺ๟ඹඨईํाዺ׊փࠅኟݴದࢅၛᆶ඄૰Ă֎

޷तഄ໱ՂᄲมࣷጨᇸڦมࣷࡀݔĂአ֧ࢅፔ݆ă

ሞ໯ᆶአ֧ဣཥࢅࡀࣄዐ༹၄ ॳ੃ࠅೝ

አުࢅঢ়ष߳ଶᇘLjසূබĂঞᇣĂዿݝĂ৽

ᄽĂ঍ཚࢅ࿐ิڪLjۼ੗ీࣷᆖၚॳ੃࿚༶ࢅॳ੃

ࠅೝă߳पአު֑ൽၹۙᅃዂڦႜۯܔሺഽॳ੃ࠅ

ೝႠटྺዘᄲă

ႜۯߵ਍

አު߳ၜአ֧ႠዊփᅃLjᆶڦአ֧੗ీࣷሺഽ ॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝႠLjᆶڦሶࣷഐ໦࡞ፕᆩăසࡕ׭

๨ࡀࣄփړLjዿ൶ٷܸ࿮ړLjփ܏ჽฦLjዿݝӆࡍLj ړںยแ࢔ณLjࠅࠌ঍ཚݯᆩࡗࡍ൐փࡀሶLj৽࿮

ዺᇀٝ৊ํ၄ටටଆࡻॳ੃ڦణՔăܸଆࡻڦࠅࠌ አ֧੗ᅜ૬नժሞৃࢫሺ৊ට்ڦॳ੃ă

አ֧૶࠻Ⴀ࢔࠲॰Ljᄺ৽๟ຫLjአު߳ևݴڦ አ֧ᆌ޿ሞሺ৊ॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝฉ၎ޤ၎ׯLjܸփ

၎ࢻலܜăසሞஹᅟአ֧ዐᅜဎึ຤ࡕࢅ๷֓ิׂ

ྺپॏLjओटࠞ૤࿮၌዆ںิׂĂ঍ᅟࢅၩݯߛኬ ݜࢅߛ༛๋೗Lj๟ᇑ֨ዘณ׺ߛኬݜĂߛ༛๋࿿Lj ܠ׺຤ࡕࢅ๷֓ڦ࿐ิአ֧ԝڢܸ؁ڦăྺํ၄ُ

ၜణՔLj੗ᅜ֑ᆩڦᅃၜ࠲॰቟୼๟Ljਸቛ࿐ิଶ ᇘڦևோक़ႜۯDŽJTBDžLjन࿐ิևோᇑݥ࿐ิև

ோၹཞํแአ֧ࢅႜۯă

ሺ৊ॳ੃ࠅೝڦᅃၜ࠲॰ٯแ๟LjՂႷג؜አ

ުڦݔྷLjٝ৊௷क़ཷ༹तጲᇼፇኯࢅຳ૬ևோ֖

ᇑăม൶߸ٷײ܈ں঻෇ࢅኝ߲ม֖ࣷᇑአ֧ࡗײ ᆶዺᇀඓԍ৽ॳ੃ࠅೝ࿚༶ፔ؜ࠅኟਦ֧ăሺ৊ॳ

੃๟߳ևோࢅ၎࠲ݛ௬ڦࠌཞࢬำLjසړںม൶ጲ

ႜยऺ࿐ิऺࣄDŽ།ෝ౅ჱٳેຯුઙఛ๨࿐ิ׭

๨ࡀࣄDžLjईԈઔړںአުሞాڦኝ߲ม൶֖ᇑ੣

क़ยऺLjࠞ૤օႜࢅഏጲႜכDŽӐٷ૧ჱྼܠ૧ჱ

๨LjIfbmuiz!cz!EftjhoDžă

ᅃၵูݻሞ 2::6Ċ2::8 ౎ਸ๔ํႜഽ዆ಧٻཀྵઆ݆ୱ ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ Nbdqifstpo ڪDŽ3113Dž

౔჊㵸স̹჊㵸ᑦݢҕᝠ๠Ⰰ∁ᒷ⮰ߌᠫ๓रⰭ͙㜖㵸䒒䕌᜼๠䘔ःѐࣶڢЂᢋѐ⮰ऄࡂᗱۡ

௅21ྤට๴ฅ୲

ํႜഽ዆ಧٻཀྵઆ݆ୱ

ูݻዐཀྵև๴ฅ୲

࿄ํႜഽ዆ಧٻཀྵઆ݆ୱ

ูݻዐཀྵև๴ฅ୲

ํႜഽ዆ಧٻཀྵઆ݆ୱู

ݻዐĐഄ໱đ๴ฅ୲

࿄ํႜഽ዆ಧٻཀྵઆ݆ୱ

ูݻዐĐഄ໱đ๴ฅ୲

౎ݻ 2::5.2::6 2::6.2::7 2::7.2::8 2::8.2::9

(21)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

11

ॽว༹ॳ੃ᇑॳ੃ࠅೝፕྺ߳ևோڦࠌཞణ

ՔLj๟ᅃၜਏᆶአዎ཈቟Ⴀڦ቟୼Ljඇ൰߳ںۼႴ ᄲᆶኄᄣڦ቟୼ă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

አުፌߛ֫ՂႷ޶ሴ֑ൽႜۯሺ৊ॳ੃ࢅ

ॳ੃ࠅೝLjժඓԍሞ໯ᆶአ֧ዐ࠻حኄᅃۅă

ő!!ሞࡔॆᇮ๯ኧ׼ူLjॽॳ੃ᇑॳ੃ࠅೝፕྺ

ኝ߲አުࠌཞت૙ڦ๚ခLjժॽॳ੃ࠅೝፕ

ྺᅃၜአުᄽजኸՔă

ő!!ೠࠚᅃൎአ֧ࢅࡀࣄܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎

ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖၚLjժ౮૰ၹۙአުڦ߳ၜ

ႜۯă

ॺ૬࢙ੵ࿐ิևአ֧ࢅࡀࣄࠀీڦมࣷਦ

ۨᅺ໎઀ॐLjժेഽ࿐ิևሞኧ׼አު߳ևோ

ዘ๫߳ၜมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ݛ௬ڦኸڞፕᆩă

ő!!࿐ิևோԨว๢ᅓጣ๮༵ࠃኧ׼ࢅॺ૬঳

ࠓLjᅜٝ৊ኍܔॳ੃࿚༶ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝڦมࣷ

ਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽႜۯăྺُLjሞ XIP ኧ׼ူLj

࿐ิևႴᄲࣩ݀ഽᆶ૰ڦଶڞፕᆩă

(22)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

12

ࠅೝؕጨ

ۙणࠅࠌጨূ৽ॳ੃࿚༶ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽ

ႜۯLjܔޟ૧ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝๆݴዘᄲă

ႜۯߵ਍

ܔ߳ࡔܸჾLjփ࠶ഄঢ়ष݀ቛ຤ೝසࢆLjሺे

ࠅࠌጨূᅜၹዺ৽ॳ੃࿚༶ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽႜ

ۯLjܹٗཡׯ׊ࢅঞᇣĂิऄࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣLjڟ࿐ิ

ԍॳLjܔޟ૧ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝ዁࠲ዘᄲăᆶኤ਍၂๖Lj ཨ෇ࠅࠌጨূࢫॺ૬ڦएإยแतනᅮ೵Փڦࠅࠌ ޜခٷٷླྀۯକ޷ᇧࡔॆڦมࣷঢ়ष݀ቛăᆯᇀ๨

ׇ௽၂࿄ీࠅೝ༵ࠃ࠲॰ڦׂ೗ࢅޜခLjዘ๫ۯᆩ ࠅࠌጨূᅪ࿆ጣࠅ૬ևோႴᄲࣩ݀ഽᆶ૰ڦଶڞፕ ᆩࢅ༵ࠃፁࠕڦࠅࠌਸኧă࣏Ⴔᄲํႜે৊຦዆܈ă ᆶኤ਍၂๖Ljन๑࢔ၭײ܈ڦምݴದLjഄ३ೖፕᆩ ᄺԲৈ੍ঢ়षሺ׊ᄲٷڥܠăଷྔLjኄ࣏ᅪ࿆ጣႴ ᄲٷٷሺेܔೖઓࡔॆڦࡔाূබᇲዺă

گ๭෇ࡔॆ኱থ຦ڦኙ຦༹዆ࢅऐ዆ྫྫড

ෑLjܸ൐ٷܠຕටٗ๚ݥኟ๕߾ፕăሞ࢔ܠ൧઄ူLj گ๭෇ࡔॆڦአު๭෇ᅈ੍ஹᅟ࠲຦ڪक़থ຦ă൬ ࡔᇑ޷ࡔኮक़ڦঢ়षၹۨᄲ൱३ณ࠲຦Ljසࡕگ๭

෇ࡔॆช࿮੗༺پڦጨূୁLjഄ੗ᅜۙᆩڦࡔॆ๭

෇৽ࣷ३ณăेഽኙ๭ે৊຦ీ૰๟ሺेࠅࠌጨূ

ڦᅃ߲ઠᇸLjᄺ๟ඪࢆ৊ᅃօইگ࠲຦ၹۨڦᅃၜ Ղᄲံਦཉॲăཞ้Ljᆌ֑ൽٯแܴ዆ᆶට૧ᆩ࡛

ྔূබዐ႐༧ՆሞԨࡔభ຦ᅭခڦփڢڤፔ݆Ljٗ

ዐइڥڦ݀ቛጨূ዁ณ੗ᅜ၎ړᇀཚࡗሺेႎ຦ዖ

ؕणڦ݀ቛጨূăໜጣඇ൰ࣅકٷࡔᇑࡔኮक़ڦ၎

ࢻᅈ٪܈Lj࢔ᆶՂᄲٗඇ൰ঙ܈อ๫຦๭࿚༶ă ᇲዺ੗ࣩ݀ዘᄲፕᆩăᆶኤ਍၂๖Ljᇲዺ੗ᅜ

ܸ൐ඓํٝ৊କঢ়षሺ׊Ljժ੗ၹዺড኱থںሺ৊

ॳ੃ă྿ᇵࣷණྺLjᇲዺڦዷᄲॏኵሞᇀLj໲๟ሞ ࠌཞ౮૰ླྀۯมࣷ݀ቛڦࡗײዐࢇ૙ݴದጨᇸڦᅃ ዖऐ዆ăڍᇲዺଉᅙگڟସටኒ৚ڦںօăᇲዺਨ ܔኵ࢔گLj࿮ஃ๟ᅃӯᇲዺܮLj࣏๟࿐ิଶᇘڦᇲ ዺܮۼ࢔گăٗ၎ܔኵઠੂLj၎ܔᇀᇲዺࡔڦ֎޷Lj ई၎ܔᇀᇲዺࡔ 2:7: ౎ፔ؜ڦ࠲ᇀᇲዺٳڟഄࡔ

ాิׂጺኵٷሀ 1/8& ຤ೝڦ׶౷Ljई၎ܔᇀྺํ

၄ഥ౎݀ቛణՔܸ֑ൽਏᆶ੗׼Ⴤፕᆩႜۯ໯Ⴔڦ ຕܮLjᇲዺܮࡗگăႴᄲደօሺेᇲዺጨূăُྔLj أକሺेᇲዺLj྿ᇵ࣏ࣷٝ൩߸࠽ݘࢅ߸ٷޗ܈ں ३௨ቐခă

ጚ䌉ᠭ㐙ផ๓喝ÿ Ꭰ᡼ߕ఩Ϧ౳ᤠߕᄥϦ౳䉎ჸ⮰ऄࡂᗱۡ

ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇ - ቌጲ Sboefm-!Hfsnbo!'!XfjohDŽ3115Dž

ӥݴ୲DŽ&Dž

ೝ਩ࡔ௷๭෇

ට਩࠳ݛ݀ቛ ᇲዺܮ

౎! ݻ 3113 ౎ට਩ࡔ௷๭෇ǖ39!611 ெᇮ

2:71 ౎ට਩ࡔ௷๭෇ǖ33!414 ெᇮ

2:71 ౎ට਩ᇲዺܮǖ72 ெᇮ 3113 ౎ට਩ᇲዺܮǖ78 ெᇮ

(23)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

13

ߵ਍ә૔ၹᅱLj࣏ՂႷ༵ߛᇲዺዊଉLjዘۅ๟

ेഽ߳ᇲዺݛኮक़ڦၹۙLjժ֨ዘ๴ᇲࡔڦ݀ቛऺ

ࣄăᇲዺݛᆌ੊୯ཚࡗڇᅃܠՉऐ዆༵ࠃܠຕᇲዺLj ཞ้Lj๴ᇲࡔሞࡔॆࢅںݛ߳प৊ႜ३ೖࡀࣄ้Lj փݟ֑ᆩॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎઀ॐLjᅜ૶࠻ᅃዂࢅ

ੵևோݛ๕༵ࠃጨূăኄᅃ઀ॐ၂๖සࢆݴದᇲዺ तᇲዺ໯ࣩ݀ڦፕᆩLjᅺُᆶዺᇀሺഽ๴ᇲࡔڦ࿚

ሴ዆ăᆮഄ๟Lj๴ᇲࡔአުᆌሺഽഄሞ߳ں൶ࢅ߳

ඖ༹ዐࠅೝݴದ၄ᆶࠅࠌጨূڦీ૰ࢅ࿚ሴ዆ă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ेഽࠅࠌጨূLjᅜՍኍܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨ

ᅺ໎֑ൽႜۯă

ő!!ॺ૬ࡔॆኙ๭ે৊຦ڦ዆܈Ljೠࠚࡔॆࢅඇ

൰ႎڦࠅࠌጨূؕጨऐ዆ڦയ૰ă

ྺํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝሺेࡔाጨূLjժཚࡗॳ

੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ႜۯ઀ॐၹۙႎሺጨূă

ő!!୬ႜ၄ᆶ׶౷Ljሺेඇ൰ᇲዺLjํ၄໯׶౷

ڦᇲዺܮٳࡔాิׂጺኵ 1/8& ڦణՔLjક ٷܠՉቐခ३௨בᅱǗཚࡗሞ३ೖ቟୼࿔ॲ ڪ၄ᆶ઀ॐዐ௽ඓዘ๫ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ

໎Lj৊ᅃօਸቛऄۯLjᅜํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝă ࠅೝݴದአުᆩᇀت૙ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ

໎ڦጨᇸă

ő!!ॺ૬ྺአު߳ևோኍܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎

֑ൽႜۯ༵ࠃጨূڦऐ዆Ljሞ߳ں൶ࢅมࣷ

ඖ༹ዐࠅೝݴದጨূă

(24)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

14

๨ׇሴඪ

๨ׇཚࡗႎڦरຍĂׂ೗ࢅޜခժཚࡗ߀฀ิ

ऄ຤ೝሺ৊ॳ੃ăڍ๨ׇᄺ੗ీࣷሰׯঢ়षփೝڪĂ ጨᇸࡼ঱Ă࣍ৣ࿫කĂփ࿐ิڦ߾ፕ࣍ৣतླ၃ࢅ

փॳ੃࿿೗ݘર࿚༶Ljႚׯᆶ໦ॳ੃ڦ࣍ৣă

ႜۯߵ਍

ॳ੃փ๟ࠃ঍ᅟڦฆ೗Lj໲๚࠲඄૰ࢅࠅ૬և

ோڦሴඪăᅺُLjՂႷࠅኟࢅ೵Փݴದ࿐ิጨᇸă ኄภत 4 ߲၎࠲࿚༶ă๯ံLjঢ়ᄓ၂๖Ljঞᇣࢅ࿐

ิԍॳڪ࠲॰มࣷޜခڦฆᄽࣅڞዂକॳ੃փࠅ

ೝăՂႷሞࠅ૬ևோ࠶૙ူ༵ࠃኄૌ࠲॰ڦมࣷޜ ခLjܸփీඪᆯ๨ׇኧದăഄْLjࠅ૬ևோႴᄲ݀

ࣩଶڞፕᆩLjሞࡔाࢅࡔాᆶၳܴ዆ᆶ໦ॳ੃ईڞ ዂॳ੃փࠅೝڦׂ೗Ăऄۯࢅ࣍ৣăഄෙLjᆌሞࡔ

ाࢅࡔॆݔྷాᆶဣཥںۨ೺ྉ฀ೠࠚ໯ᆶਦ֧ࢅ

๨ׇ॔࠶ܔॳ੃ࠅೝሰׯڦᆖၚă

྿ᇵࣷණྺLjᅃၵ࿿೗ࢅޜခLjසল৫຤ࢅ࿐

ิԍॳڪLj๟ටૌมࣷڦएԨႴ൱ăՂႷ೵Փ༵ࠃ ኄૌ࿿೗ࢅޜခLjܸփஃට்ڦኧ޲ీ૰සࢆăሞ ኄૌ൧઄ူLjᆌᆯࠅ૬ևோܸփ๟ᆯ๨ׇ޶ሴԍቱ

؊ፁࠃᆌࢅၛᆩऐࣷă

ࠅ૬ևோႴᄲࣩ݀ഽᆶ૰ڦଶڞፕᆩLjԍቱ ܔॳ੃ࢅޟ૧዁ྺዘᄲڦ࿿೗ࢅޜခࠃᆌLjස༵ࠃ

຤Ă࿐ิԍॳࢅ༹௬ڦ߾ፕ࣍ৣڪLjժ࠶዆ᆶ໦ॳ

੃ฆ೗DŽසჶ֥ࢅ৶৛ڪDžڦୁཚăሞႹܠࡔॆዐLj փ࠶๟൬ࡔ࣏๟޷ࡔLjહۯᇑ߾ፕ࣍ৣྫྫᆶ฿ࠅ ኟLjਏᆶԊၥႠLjᆶ໦ॳ੃Ljժᆶླ၃Ⴀă੊୯ڟ ଆࡻڦહۯࢅ߾ፕܔට்ॳ੃ࢅঢ়षݏඵڦट܋ዘ ᄲႠLjࠅ૬ևோႴᄲࣩ݀ଶڞፕᆩLjඓԍደॷํႜ

ඇ൰હۯՔጚLjཞ้ඓԍሞྲ࠵ঢ়षଶᇘٝ৊ഓᄽ ሺ׊ăໜጣ๨ׇබࢇײ܈ڦሺेतᆶ໦ॳ੃ฆ೗ڦ

े໏ୁཚࢅ๑ᆩLjනᅮႴᄲॺ૬ඇ൰ዎ૙ऐ዆Ljස

ํႜĖჶ֥੦዆઀ॐࠅሀėڪăथႴሞඇ൰Ă൶ᇘ

ࢅࡔॆ߳पेٷܔे߾๋೗ࢅ৶৛ڦ॔࠶૰܈ă ፌৎबๆ౎೺क़Ljሞඇ൰ࣅ࣍ৣዐLj๨ׇ৊ᅃ օබࢇăႎڦิׂҾಇन௽၂ںݒᆙକኄᅃۅLjස હۯĂ৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕ࣍ৣ௽၂ՎࣅLjࡔाࢅඇ൰ঢ়ष ၹۨݔྷփ܏કٷLjᅜतׂ೗ࢅޜခे໏ฆᄽࣅڪLj

ഄዐᅃၵՎࣅ࿮ᅑᆶ૧ॳ੃LjܸᆶၵՎࣅሶټઠକ ሚవႠࢫࡕă྿ᇵࣷܘ֖ٝ߳ᇑࡔ৉ั੊୯ႎڦඇ

൰Ă൶ᇘĂܠՉڦঢ়षĂஹᅟࢅཨጨአ֧׶౷ăሞ ፔ؜ኄၵ׶౷ኮമLj࠲॰๟ՂႷକ঴၄ᆶڦၹۨ઀

ॐܔॳ੃Ăॳ੃࿚༶มࣷਦۨᅺ໎तॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖ ၚăُྔLjܔ׊೺࿐ิᆖၚ໯ፔڦೠࠚ঳ࡕ௽၂՗

㏒㔜ڱ᫛്⩔ⅠУᵨȠ⣜ᰵ⮰㶑䉠㏿Ჰ喋㏲㏫喌ᰵݕκ䒯ჸ㸁⮰⊴䉥㔱喋٭䃤ๆ⩔喌喏㔸⤲ᘟ⮰ᩢ䉥㏿Ჰ 喋㇃㏫喌݅ӓ䛹ऽ䒯䉗జ⮰⊴䉥㔱ӇᏀ㏻㶑䉠⮰䋟๋⩔Ⅰ喏Ѳ̹吿ߝๆ⩔Ⅰ

ঢ়ፕኁཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ HLODŽ3118Dž

ํा๭ݯDŽન༬0ഥืDž

ၩݯଉDŽഥื 0 ሆDž

ሀࡪాຯԎ ᆩ຤๭ݯ

ॆབྷ૙ၙ

ᆩ຤๭ݯ 21 ન༬ 0 ഥื

(25)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

15

௽Ljٗᅃਸ๔৽ᆌࣩ݀ଳऄႠLjሎႹധຈࡔሞॳ੃

ईॳ੃ࠅೝ๴ڟᆖၚڦ൧઄ူۙኝഄ׶౷Ljժඓۨ

ة݀Ⴊ߀׶౷ڦཪ௽Քጚă

ࠅ૬ևோڦଶڞፕᆩժփీ঴أ௷क़ཷ༹ࢅຳ ૬ևோڪഄ໱ևோڦሴඪࢅీ૰ăຳ૬ևோටᇵࢅ

ऐࠓਏᆶڦᆖၚ૰Ljీࠕٷ૰ླྀۯඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝă ڍങৃྺኹLjഓᄽมࣷሴඪڪבᅱੂઠኻൽڥକᆶ

၌ڦํाၳࡕăഓᄽ୬ႜมࣷሴඪ੗ీ࢔ᆶॏኵLj ڍႴᄲኤ਍ኤ௽ኄᅃۅăഓᄽ࿚ሴ዆ڦएإ࢔੗ీ

߸ྺ࿘ࠦLj੗ሞُएإฉॺ૬ຳ૬ևோᇑࠅዚ૧ᅮ ኮक़ሴඪዘٷڦࢇፕ࠲ဣă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ሞࡔाࢅࡔॆঢ়षၹۨࢅਦ֧ዐᆶဣཥں

੊୯ॳ੃ࢅॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖၚă

ő!!ᆶဣཥںॺ૬ࢅेഽरຍీ૰Ljᅜೠࠚ߳ၜ ࡔाࢅࡔॆঢ়षၹۨܔॳ੃ࠅೝڦᆖၚă

ő!!ेഽ࿐ิऐࠓࢅටᇵሞࡔాࢅࡔाঢ়षአ֧

༌ಒዐڦپ՗඄ă

ሺഽࡔॆሞ༵ࠃܔට௷ॳ੃Ղփ੗ณڦए ԨޜခDŽස຤ 0 ࣍ৣ࿐ิยแDžत࠶዆ܔॳ੃

ׂิዘٷᆖၚڦׂ೗DŽසჶ֥Ă৶৛ࢅ๋࿿ڪDž

ࢅޜခݛ௬ڦዷᄲፕᆩă

(26)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

16

ଇႠೝڪ

ኻᆶ߀฀቞ටૌٷሀ 203 ڦ౰ཡࢅ޺౰ڦิ

ऄLjժ঴ਦଇႠփೝڪ࿚༶Lj֍ీᆩᅃپට้क़௜

ࢇॳ੃ֶਐă༵ߛ޺౰ں࿋๟ํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝڦ࠲॰ă

ႜۯߵ਍

߳ࡔ೵Փ٪ሞଇႠփೝڪ࿚༶ăሞ඄૰ĂጨᇸĂ ޟ૧Ăࡀݔࢅॏኵ࠵౒ฉڦႠ՚ഇ๫तሞፇኯ঳ࠓ ݛ๕ࢅࡀࣄํแݛ๕ฉڦႠ՚ഇ๫Ljᆶ໦࿮ຕ౰Ⴀ ڦॳ੃ă޺౰ڦมࣷں࿋ᄺᇑܹཡڦॳ੃ࢅิ٪௢

ൎ၎࠲ăႠ՚փೝڪ࣏ཚࡗഄ໱཰০Ljසഇ๫Ⴀڦ

࿉ᄢݛ๕Ljܔ޺౰ڦԓ૰Ljඍ݄ਦ֧඄Lj߾ፕĂႩ

ှࢅ߀฀߲ටิऄऐࣷփ਩ڪLj਩ᆖၚጣට்ڦॳ

੃ă

ଇႠփೝڪ၄ၡ๟มࣷሰׯڦ࿚༶Ljᅺُ๟੗

ᅜ߀Վڦăࡗඁ 211 ܠ౎ઠLjႹܠࡔॆڦ޺౰ں࿋

ٷޗ߀฀Ljڍ৊ቛփ਩Ljሞُݛ௬ධ௬ଣጣႹܠ཈

቟ă౰Ⴀ๭෇ԲփฉఴႠLjཞ߾փཞؐǗ౰Ⴀሞঞ ᇣࢅ৽ᄽऐࣷฉᇺᇺ஌ࢫăሞႹܠࡔॆዐLjሔׂ޺

ຶྨ୲ࢅ݀թ୲ධਃߛփူăሞᅃࡔాևतࡔᇑࡔ ኮक़Lj༵ࠃิኳ࿐ิޜခ൧઄ධटփࠅೝă੊୯ڟ ଇႠփೝڪ࿚༶ሰׯڦپाᆖၚLjᆮႷ૬न֑ൽႜ

ۯă૬न֑ൽႜۯٝ৊ଇႠೝڪࢅ༵ߛ޺౰ں࿋๟

ᅃپට้क़௜ࢇॳ੃ֶਐڦ࠲॰ă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ଇႠփೝڪᆶ฿ࠅኟLj़࿮ၳᅮLjᆼ࿮ၳ୲ă

߳ࡔአުĂਘዺݛĂࡔाፇኯत௷क़ཷ༹੗ᅜཚࡗ

ٝ৊ଇႠೝڪLj߀฀ຕᅜӥྤऺ౰ཡࢅ޺౰तഄॆ

བྷڦิऄă

ت૙มࣷ঳ࠓฉڦႠ՚ഇ๫Ljनت૙ሞ݆

ୱतഄํแĂऐࠓڦሏገݛ๕ࢅ߅ᇨٯแڦย

ऺݛ๕Ljᅜतࡔॆঢ়ष՗၄ڦ࢚ଉݛ๕ฉڦႠ

՚ഇ๫ă

ő!!዆۩ࢅํแኼሞٝ৊ଇႠೝڪڦ݆ୱLjॽႠ

՚ഇ๫ۨྺݥ݆ႜྺă

ő!!ሞአުࢅࡔॆऐࠓڦࢃ႐࠶૙ևோዐย૬ᅃ

߲޶ሴٝ৊ଇႠೝڪڦڇ࿋ժྺഄ༵ࠃጨ

ূLjժॽํ၄ଇႠೝڪణՔፕྺᅃၜዷᄲ߾

ፕă

ő!!ሞࡔ௷ቭࢽዐऻ୤ॆခऄĂቷଙ߾ፕࢅᅭ߾

ڦঢ়षࠋ၅ă

ྺ໫ၭሞঞᇣࢅरຍ຤ೝฉڦֶਐࢅٝ৊

౰Ⴀ֖ᇑঢ়षิऄLj዆۩ᇑጨዺᆶ࠲አ֧ࢅࡀ

ࣄă

ő!!ܔኟࡀڦኰᄽঞᇣࢅಢჟ৊ႜཨጨLjᅈ݆ԍ ቱࠅೝԒؐLjඓԍሞ߳पํႜཞ߾ཞؐLjժ

዆۩ᆶ૧ᇀॆབྷڦአ֧ă

કٷܔႠࢅิኳ࿐ิޜခࢅࡀࣄڦཨጨLj ኛൽࣳत௅ᅃ߲ටLj๑ටටۼీၛ๴ኄૌ඄૧ă

(27)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

17

ຟᕓह͵጑䉰䔈Ѻκ⩣ᕓ

ঢ়ፕኁཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ૴ࢇࡔܹཡएূࣷDŽ3117Dž

ݥ౫ᄽଶᇘ౰Ⴀ߾ጨ቞ఴႠ߾ጨڦӥݴ୲ )&*

5 ߲ዐ۫ࢅԛݥࡔॆ

7 ߲۫ჱࢅ໿ೝᄝࡔॆ

33 ߲߾ᄽࣅࡔॆ

21 ߲ገ႙೺ࡔॆ

9 ߲ઙெࢅेુԲࡔॆ

5 ߲ݥዞිࡘઙᅜళࡔॆ

(28)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

18

༵ߛአዎں࿋ĊĊԈඹႠᇑ݀ჾ඄

බ෇໯تڦมࣷ๟ሺഽ࿿ዊĂ႐૙ 0 มࣷࢅ

አዎ඄૧ڦ࠲॰Ljᄺ๟มࣷޟ૧ࢅ࿐ิࠅೝڦएإă

ႜۯߵ਍

ටටۼᆌၛᆶ੗ీइڥፌߛॳ੃Քጚࢅ඄૧ă ᆯᇀྙࠦڦ঳ࠓႠփೝڪ࿚༶Ljኄᅃ඄૧੗ీࣷሦ ڟൔݖă

ሞ঩पĂঞᇣĂႠ՚Ă౎ମĂፃᅩĂ֘दࢅں

૙ڪ঍ሗሞᅃഐڦ߲߳มࣷૌ՚ฉLjۼ੗ቴڟมࣷ

փࠅڦ௽၂࢓गăมࣷփࠅփৈብ၂ጣֶᅴLjܸ൐

༹၄କڪपLjժݒᆙକփཞڦටࢅփཞڦมࣷሞ֎

޷Ă඄૰ࢅำᇤڪݛ௬ศਗ਼ڦփೝڪăتৣઓవڦ ටྫྫᅺॳ੃փॅܸ࿮ᇹํ၄ഄጲᆯ֖ᇑঢ়षĂม

ࣷĂአዎࢅ࿔ࣅ࠲ဣڦాሞॏኵăԈඹႠĂپ՗඄

ࢅ੦዆඄ඍᅃփ੗Ljኄෙ߲ᅺ໎ܔมࣷ݀ቛĂॳ੃

ࢅޟ૧ۼ࢔ዘᄲă၌዆֖ᇑڦ঳ࡕ๟Ljڞዂᅃၵට

ෟ฿ీ૰Ljሰׯକሞঞᇣࢅ৽ᄽଶᇘतሞ૧ᆩิ࿿

ᅅბࢅरຍ৊ቛऐࣷฉڦփೝڪ၄ၡă

ᄲၙٷ૰ইگॳ੃փࠅೝײ܈Lj৽ՂႷ߀Վม

ࣷࢅ߳ں൶ాև඄૰ݴದጒ઄Lj๑߲ටࢅඖ༹ీࠕ ٷ૰Ăᆶၳ஢ፁഄႴ൱ժྼࢺጲว඄ᅮLj৊ܸܔ޲

ࢅ߀Վมࣷጨᇸփࠅኟࢅटྺ჈๺ڦݴದጒ઄ă໯

ᆶࠅ௷਩ᆶ඄इڥมࣷጨᇸLjኄ๟ํ၄ଆࡻॳ੃ڦ ཉॲă

඄૰࠲ဣڦ߀Վ੗ᅜ݀ิሞփཞ֫௬LjሞĐྲ

࠵đଶᇘڦ߲ටĂॆབྷࢅมࣷ֫௬LjڟĐࢢ࠵đଶ

ᇘڦঢ়षĂมࣷĂአዎႜۯኁࢅऐࠓኮक़ڦ঳ࠓႠ

࠲ဣଶᇘLjۼᆶ੗ీ݀ิ඄૰࠲ဣՎࣅăྺ๑ට்

ీࠕႜ๑ᅃဣଚ඄૧Ljժඓԍሞ߳ඖ༹ዐࠅೝݴದ एԨᆩ೗ࢅมࣷ࿿೗LjփৈႴᄲሺഽมࣷඖ༹֖ᇑ አ֧Ⴀᅱײڦ዆۩߾ፕࢅਦ֧ײႾLjܸ൐Ⴔᄲ֑ൽ

ٗူ዁ฉӸ݆Ljሺഽए֫ڦऄۯీ૰ă੗ᅜཚࡗت

૙ፌෑ๞ඖ༹௬ଣڦփࠅኟ࿚༶ࢅॽኄၵටፇኯഐ ઠLjॺ૬ړںට௷ڦዷڞں࿋ăኄ੗ᅜ༵ߛට்ڦ

ీ૰Ljሺഽഄܔంሏࢅ࿄ઠڦቨ੦ߌă

ᅃ߲ݛ௬Ljม൶ई௷क़ཷ༹Ⴔᄲ֑ൽႜۯܔ޲

ॳ੃փࠅೝ࿚༶Ljଷᅃݛ௬Ljࡔॆᆶሴඪԍቱට்

ႜ๑ᅃኝ༫඄૧ࢅඓԍሞ߳ඖ༹ዐࠅኟݴದएԨᆩ

೗ࢅมࣷࠅᅮ೗ăٗฉ዁ူࢅٗူ዁ฉڦӸ݆ཞڪ ዘᄲă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ሺഽ߳มࣷඖ༹ሞ࠲ᇀมࣷሏፕݛ๕ਦ֧

ዐڦࠅኟپ՗඄Ljᆮഄ๟ጀዘਦ֧ܔॳ੃ࠅೝڦ ᆖၚLjॺ૬ࢅྼ׼ਏᆶมࣷԈඹႠڦਦ֧઀ॐă

ő!!ेഽአዎ዆܈ࢅ݆ୱ዆܈Ljԍࢺට඄Ljඓԍ ሦڟՉᇹࣅڦඖ༹Ăᆮഄ๟ཱིዸට௷ڦ݆ୱ ں࿋Ljժၹዺഄ஢ፁႴ൱ࢅႜ๑඄૧ă

ő!!ፕྺॳ੃඄Ղփ੗ณڦᅃ߲ፇׯևݴLjඓԍ

߲ටࢅม൶ሞ࿐ิਦ֧ዐڦࠅኟپ՗඄ࢅ֖

ᇑ඄ă

ٝ৊௷क़มࣷፇኯഐઠժ֑ൽႜۯLjᅜሺ৊

ࢅํ၄ᇑॳ੃ࠅೝ၎࠲ڦአዎ඄૧ࢅมࣷ඄૧ă

ÿ Ꭰᠵ႒ࢲ䃍ッᎢ㏻Ꭰ咰䄯᪠⮰䴕఩⩣ᕓসຟᕓ₧ύ⢳

ఴႠ ౰Ⴀ

ٷბ ߛዐ

؛ዐ

ၭბ

Բ୲

ጨଙઠᇸǖTpo ڪLj3113

(29)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

19

ඇ൰ଆࡻዎ૙

๘হ߳ࡔට௷ॳ੃ࢅටิऐࣷڦᡆᅴݒᆙጣࡔ ᇑࡔኮक़඄૰ࢅ֎޷ڦփೝ࢚ăඇ൰ࣅ࿮ᅑټઠକ

ࡻتLjڍኄၵࡻتڦݴದධटྺփೝ࢚ă

ႜۯߵ਍

ڼْܾ๘হٷ቟ࢫLjঢ়षݧ໏ሺ׊ăڍඇ൰֎

޷ࢅኪ๎ڦሺ׊ժ࿄ీሺ৊ඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝႠăሞৎ

೺ඇ൰ࣅࡗײዐLjनጲ 2:91 ౎ᅜઠLj൬ࡔሞኝ༹

ฉժ࿄ీ൵ৎࢅߋฉঢ়षࢇፕᇑ݀ቛፇኯڦ຤ೝă ሞ๘হ߳ࡔዐLjᆶڦࡔॆٗඇ൰ࣅዐइᅮLjᆶڦሶ ሦ๴କ໦฿Ljሞݥዞිࡘઙᅜళں൶त໋૴ᅃၵׯ ᇵࡔዐLjܹཡ؜ิ้ᇨ೺๱ంڦཕውࢅڛཽጒ઄༬

՚ସටኒ৚ă2:71Ċ2:91 ౎ඇ൰ঢ়षሺ׊ࢅ࿐ิ

ࠅೝൽڥକ৊ቛLjُܸࢫLjሞ 2:91Ċ3116 ౎Ljᆯ ᇀมࣷևோኧ؜ࢅมࣷ݀ቛศ๴ඇ൰ঢ়षአ֧ᆖ ၚLjമᅃ঩܎ڦ৊ቛሦڟჹዘൔ์ăሞඇ൰ࣅڼܾ

঩ ܎Lj न ጲ 2:91 ౎ ᅜ ઠLj ሞ ๘ হ ฉLj ূ බ ླ ऐĂ

؋཭तԥ೨ईጲᇼᅎ཯၄ၡٷٷेਗ൐නᅮೕݏă ණ๎ڟሞඇ൰ࣅ࣍ৣዐ߳ࡔڦࠌཞ૧ᅮࢅ၎ࢻ ᅈ٪ႠLjࡔाมࣷՂႷዘฤܔܠՉ዆܈ڦ׶౷Lj๑

๘হ߳ࡔփஃ൬޷ۼీၛᆶೝڪ݀ჾ඄ăྺྉ฀ዘ

๫ඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝ࿚༶LjՂႷॺ૬ኄᄣڦඇ൰࠶૙዆

܈Ljॽॳ੃ࠅೝዃᇀ݀ቛᅱײڦࢃ႐Ljժॽኈኟೝ

ڪںࣩ݀ᆖၚ૰ዃᇀਦ֧߾ፕڦࢃ႐ă

ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

ॽํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝፕྺᅃၜඇ൰݀ቛణՔLj ժ֑ൽॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎઀ॐLjᅜेഽܠՉ

݀ቛႜۯă

ő!!૴ࢇࡔᆌཚࡗ XIP त૴ࢇࡔঢ়षมࣷ૙๚

ࣷLjॽํ၄ॳ੃ࠅೝፕྺᅃၜࢃ႐ڦඇ൰݀

ቛణՔLjժ֑ᆩॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ኸՔ઀

ॐ॔۽৊ቛ൧઄ă

ő!!૴ࢇࡔᆌॺ૬ැ߅߲ܠՉ߾ፕፇLj৽ॳ੃ڦ มࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦ߲߳ጆ༶ਸቛ߾ፕLjፌ؛ڦ ጆ༶๟ᆽܹ೺ׯ׊ĂଇႠೝڪĂ৽ᄽࢅ߾ፕ

࣍ৣĂ࿐ิԍॳ዆܈Ă֖ᇑ࠶૙ڪă

े ഽ XIP ሞ ॳ ੃ ࿚ ༶ ม ࣷ ਦ ۨ ᅺ ໎ ଶ ᇘඇ൰ႜۯዐڦଶڞፕᆩLjሞ XIP ߳ևோࢅ

߳ࡔࡀࣄዐඓ૬ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦኸڞᇱ ሶă

ঢ়؜Ӳฆཞᅪࢫ݋ᆇLjቌጲ Nptfs-!Tilpmojlpw!'!MfpoDŽ3116Dž

ÿ Ꭰ٫】ܦ⩋ᬢ䶰᱋ᄫ঩̺₧ύ⢳⻧ጚ䊷߫

೺क़

ຶྨ୲૗ֶ)౎ମ*

2:61 .2:66

2:66 .2:71

2:71 .2:76

2:76 .2:81

2:81 .2:86

2:86 .2:91

2:91 .2:96

2:96 .2::1

2::1 .2::6

2::6 .3111

(30)

ᆩᅃپට้क़௜ࢇֶਐ

20

൶! ᇘ! ؜ิຕణ! ࿄کऻܹཡຕణLjoDŽ&Dž

ඇ๘হ! 244!139! 59!387DŽ47&Dž

ݥዞිࡘઙᅜళں൶! 37!98:! 25!862DŽ66&Dž

ዐ۫ࢅԛݥ! :!8:1! 2!654DŽ27&Dž

ళჱ! 48!1::! 34!4:6DŽ74&Dž

۫ჱࢅ໿ೝᄝ! 42!727! 6!:12DŽ2:&Dž

ઙۡெዞࢅेુԲ! 22!678! 2!898DŽ26&Dž

ዐ౹ࢅ۫౹ 0 ܀૴༹तհஆڦ࡛ࡔॆ! 6!361! 2!329DŽ34&Dž

߾ᄽࣅࡔॆ! 21!938

݀ቛዐࡔॆ! 22:!:84! 59!258DŽ51&Dž

ፌփ݀ٳࡔॆ! 38!92:! 2:!793DŽ82&Dž

ᆯᇀ๘হනႎሆᅴLj࿢்ྫྫవᅜᇨ֪มࣷĂ ঢ়षĂአዎՎࣅܔጺ༹ॳ੃ڦᆖၚतܔࡔॆईඇ൰ ݔྷాॳ੃փࠅೝጒ઄ڦਏ༹ᆖၚăྺକኍܔॳ੃

࿚༶ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽ߸ᆶၳڦႜۯLjՂႷॺ૬ एԨຕ਍༹ဣLjഄዐԈઔኍܔॳ੃փࠅೝ࿚༶ࢅॳ

੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ਸቛटഄዘᄲڦऻ୤ࢅۨ೺॔۽

߾ፕLjժॺ૬ᆶ࠲ऐ዆Ljඓԍ૙঴ࢅᆌᆩኄၵຕ਍

ઠ዆۩߸ᆶၳڦአ֧Ă዆܈ࢅࡀࣄăሞॳ੃࿚༶ม

ࣷਦۨᅺ໎ଶᇘਸቛঞᇣࢅಢჟटྺዘᄲă

ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ǖ

॔۽Ăჺ৯ࢅಢჟ

ຕ਍വඍྫྫ๑࿚༶ሦڟࢮ๫ăइڥ࠲ᇀॳ੃

຤ೝĂݴք൧઄तॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦ੗੍ኤ਍

टྺዘᄲLjᆶዺᇀକ঴࿚༶ڦײ܈Ljೠࠚႜۯڦፕ ᆩLjժ॔۽৊ቛ൧઄ă

ႜۯߵ਍

ঢ়ᄓ၂๖Ljසࡕࡔॆඍ݄ӀมࣷĂঢ়षኸՔՊ

዆ڦຶྨ୲ࢅ݀թ୲ڦएԨຕ਍Lj৽వᅜླྀ৊ॳ੃

ࠅೝᅱײăሞ࿐ิ࿚༶ፌჹዘڦࡔॆLjഄዐԈઔ။

෇؋཭ڦࡔॆLjຕ਍ዊଉፌֶăႹܠࡔॆฯ዁ߵԨ

ுᆶܔ໯ᆶ؜ิࢅຶྨڦएԨکऻ዆܈ă؜ิکऻ

዆܈փඇჹዘᆖၚକ঴ܹཡॳ੃ࢅׯ׊݀ᇣጒ઄ă Ⴔᄲ৊ᅃօሺഽ࠲ᇀॳ੃փࠅೝײ܈Ăॳ੃ڦ มࣷਦۨᅺ໎तᆶၳت૙Ӹ݆ڦኤ਍एإăڍସට ᅍ࡮ڦ๟Ljܠຕ࿐ิჺ৯ጨূධणዐሞิ࿿ᅅბჺ ৯ଶᇘăଷྔLjܠຕჺ৯ධ٪ሞႠ՚ೋ९ăدཥڦ ڪपݴૌ݆ॽໜऐܔቷ๬ᄓࢅํᄓ๪ํᄓፕྺፌ੗

੍ڦኤ਍Ljڍኄၵدཥݛ݆ܔॳ੃࿚༶มࣷਦۨᅺ

໎ڦჺ৯ժփ๢ᆩăႴᄲಒ܏ኤ਍๟ޏޙࢇႴᄲLj ᄺ৽๟ຫLjႴಒ܏ኤ਍๟ޏీ੗੍ںٴް໯༵؜ڦ

࿚༶ă

ኤ਍ኻ๟ڞዂፔ؜አ֧ਦۨڦᅃ߲ᅺ໎Ljአ ዎᅪᇼࢅ༹዆ీ૰ᄺ࢔ዘᄲăਦ֧ኁႴᄲକ঴ܔට

்ॳ੃ڦᆖၚतมࣷڪपڦՎࣅ൧઄ă৽ॳ੃ڦม

ࣷਦۨᅺ໎֑ൽႜۯ࣏Ⴔᄲሺഽ࿐ิٗᄽටᇵڦీ

૰LjഄዐԈઔሞ࿐ิࢅᅅခටᇵڦಢჟੜײዐ঄঴

ॳ੃࿚༶ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ă

3. !࢚ଉࢅ૙঴࿚༶तೠࠚႜۯڦፕᆩ

ᠵ౜ࡦসࣽᆁⅠ᎟㑂ݢ⮰ Ꭰ᱋䬠᱖⮧䃜⮰٫】ܦ⩋᪜Ⱊ喋ࢁѹ喝࡯喌

ጨଙઠᇸǖ૴ࢇࡔܹཡएূࣷLj3116

329DŽ3&Dž

(31)

Ԓ!ߢ!߁!ᄲ

21 ՂႷਸቛڦႜۯ

࠲ᇀॳ੃࿚༶ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎Ljᅙᆶፁࠕኤ਍Lj ၄ሞՂႷ֑ൽႜۯକăሞࡔाፇኯڦኧ׼ူLj߳ࡔ አު੗ᅜཚࡗ߀฀ړںĂࡔॆĂࡔाڦ॔۽Ăჺ৯

ࢅಢჟएإยแLjሺഽሞॳ੃࿚༶มࣷਦۨᅺ໎ଶ ᇘڦႜۯၳࡕă

ඓԍሞړںĂࡔॆࢅࡔा߳पॺ૬ۨ೺॔

۽ॳ੃ࠅೝႠࢅॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ڦ዆܈ă

ő!!ඓԍሞփྺॆབྷሺཁඪࢆঢ়ष޶څڦ൧઄ူ

کऻ໯ᆶႎิܹཡă

ő!!ॺ૬ࡔॆࢅඇ൰ॳ੃ࠅೝႠ॔۽዆܈Lj૩ႜ

๭ण࠲ᇀมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ࢅॳ੃փࠅೝ࿚༶ڦ ຕ਍ă

ྺइڥࢅ঍ୁႎڦኤ਍༵ࠃጨূLjᅜၹዺ କ঴߳ၜมࣷਦۨᅺ໎සࢆᆖၚට்ڦॳ੃ࢅ

ॳ੃ࠅೝႠLjժକ঴ኍܔมࣷਦۨᅺ໎໯֑ൽ ڦႜۯٯแሞইگॳ੃փࠅೝႠݛ௬ڦᆶၳײ

܈ă

ő!!ࣄծጆோᇨ໙Ljᅜइڥࢅሞඇ൰ݔྷా঍ୁ

࠲ᇀॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎तॳ੃ࠅೝႠڦኤ

਍ă

ၠਦ֧ኁĂ૧ᅮᎸ࠲ኁतٗᄽටᇵ༵ࠃॳ

੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ಢჟLjժྺ༵ߛࠅዚڦණ๎

৊ႜཨጨă

ő!!ሞᅅଐ࿐ิಢჟዐభ෇ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ

໎Ljժ߸࠽ݘں༵ߛට்ܔॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨ

ᅺ໎ڦණ๎ăၠਦ֧ኁࢅࡀࣄኁ༵ࠃಢჟLj ኸڞഄೠࠚܔॳ੃ࠅೝႠڦᆖၚă

ő!!ेഽ XIP ኧ׼ॳ੃ڦมࣷਦۨᅺ໎ଶᇘڦ

ႜۯీ૰ă

Références

Documents relatifs

• to illustrate the extent to which an economic argument can be made in favour of investment in three major social determinants of health areas: education, social protection,

Bringing these various elements together, the CSDH framework, summarized in Figure A, shows how social, economic and political mechanisms give rise to a set of socioeconomic

This meeting report summarizes and synthesizes the discussions of participants at the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Implementing Action on Social Determinants

The resource book reviews and discusses the existing evidence in three major areas of social determinants of health: education, social protection, and urban development, housing

Performance evaluation was commonly embedded within the ongoing processes of IAH, with assessment tools such as landscape analysis, environmental performance reviews (EPRs),

Reasonably good evidence indicates that part of the health divide between countries in the Region is associated with: (a) differences in exposure to preventable health hazards

Healthy early childhood development includes physical, social, emotional, language and cognitive development, which influence well-being, mental health, nutrition, literacy

This case demonstrates that when planning social development interventions, health authorities can support local transport authorities by assessing proposed initiatives,