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La "ville durable" précipitée dans le monde arabe : essai d’analyse généalogique et critique

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HAL Id: hal-01187664

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187664

Submitted on 28 Aug 2015

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publics ou privés.

d’analyse généalogique et critique

Pierre-Arnaud Barthel, Valérie Clerc, Pascale Philifert

To cite this version:

Pierre-Arnaud Barthel, Valérie Clerc, Pascale Philifert. La ”ville durable” précipitée dans le monde

arabe : essai d’analyse généalogique et critique. Environnement Urbain / Urban Environment, Institut

national de la recherche scientifique - Réseau Villes Régions Monde, 2013, Ville arabes, villes durables ?

Enjeux, circulations et mise à l’épreuve de nouvelles politiques urbaines / Arab Cities, Sustainable

Cities? Challenges, movements and testing of new urban policies south of the Mediterranean, 7,

pp.16-30. �10.7202/1027724ar�. �hal-01187664�

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