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Boundary Objects as a Framework to Understand the Role of Systems Integrators

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(1)

Boundary Objects as a Framework to

Understand the Role of Systems

Integrators*

Allan Fong, Ricardo Valerdi,

Jayakanth Srinivasan

(2)

Outline

Problem Statement

Definitions

Applications of Boundary Objects

Example

Boundary Object Attributes

Staleness, Synchronization, Traceability

Implications for System Integrators

(3)

Problem Statement

Technical and organizational interfaces

Programs and projects suffering from “organizational”

disconnects

Cost of unclear documentations and rework

Hypothesis

Organizational interactions can be improved and disconnects can be

reduced by effectively using and representing knowledge in

(4)

Definitions

Community of practice: Shared understanding of what

the community does, of how to do it, and of how it

relates to other communities

(Brown and Duguid, 1998)

Boundary Objects: Objects that are flexible enough to

adapt to local needs yet specific enough to maintain a

common identity across different interpretations

(Star

and Griesemer, 1989)

Bridge gaps and enables communication, coordination, and

collaboration across boundaries

Boundaries: gaps or differences in organization

structures or entities, political power, relative

expertise, knowledge domains, etc.

(Greer, Black and

Adams, 2006)

(5)

Previous Research Applications

Sketches

Drawings

CAD

Engineering firm

Design

engineering

(Henderson 1991)

Storyboard

Prototype

R&D facility

Software development

(Gunaratne et al. 2004)

Drawings

Automobile parts

Schedule

Automobile design and

manufacturing firm

Product

development

(Carlile 2002)

Written notes

Telephone hotline group

Service

(Ackerman and

Halverson 1999)

Diagrams

California map

Collecting forms

Museum of zoology

Social science

(Star and Griesemer

1989)

Boundary object

Organization

(6)
(7)

Boundary Object Attributes

Medium

Granularity

Staleness Factor

Malleability

Inclusivity

Synchronization

Importance

Layers

Context Type

Traceability

(8)

Staleness, Synchronization,

Traceability

Staleness Factor: how stale the information

tends to be

Synchronization:

Internal vs External consistency

Traceability: accountability, process

transparency

Average time to update a boundary object

Average time between changes in the information

A

A

A

A

(9)

Implication for Systems Integrators

Boundary Objects

are a useful construct

to understand the role and

value of System Integrators!

(10)

Next Steps

Attribute and characteristic overlaps

Apparent correlations

Trade off between effectiveness and

cost/time/resources/effort

How to best design boundary objects to

reduce disconnects?

(11)

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