A
n e w p h l e b o t o m in e f o s s il s p e c ie sT
r ic h o p y g o m y ia k il l ic k o r u m s p.
n. (D
ip t er a: P
s y c h o d id a e)
f o u n d in theD
o m in ic a nR
epu blic a m b erA N D R A D E F ILH O J.D .* , FA LC A O A .L.* & B R A Z IL R.P.*
Summary:
A description is given of male sandfly found in a piece of amber from Dominican Republic that dates from the Miocene period (20-
15 m.y.a). It is assigned to the genus Trichopygomyia Barreto.
The position of the spines on the style and the shape of the dorsal lobes of the paramere separate this fly from other species of the genus: it is here named Trichopygomyia killickorum sp. n.
KEY WORDS : phlebotomine, fossil, amber, Trychopygomyia killickorum sp. n
R ésum é: Un e n o u v e l l ee s p è c e d e p h l é b o t o m e f o s s il e, Tr y c h o p y g o m y iak il l ic k o r u ms p. n. ( Dip t e r a: Ps y c h o d id a e) , d é c o u v e r t e d a n s d e l’a m b r ee n Ré p u b l iq u e Do m in ic a in e
Une description est donnée d'un phlébotome mâle découvert dons un morceau d'ambre de la République Dominicaine datant du miocène (20-15 millions d'années). Il est assigné au genre Trichopygomyia Barreto. La position des épines sur le style et la forme des lobes dorsaux du paramère séparent ce phébotome des autres espèces du genre : il est nommé ici Trichopygomyia killickorum sp. n.
MOTS CLÉS : phlebotome, fossile, ambre, Trychopygomyia killickorum sp. n.
INTRODUCTION
T
he am ber from Dom inican Republic is tentatively dated as belonging to the M iocene period with 15-20 million years old (Iturralde-Vicent &
M acPhee, 1966) and many insects are found in this amber, am ong them several Phlebotom inae sandflies (Young & Lawer, 1987; Poinar & Poinar, 1999). Up to now, only two fossil species from this subfamily have been described in the Americas, M icrop y g om y ia p a t terna. (Quate, 1963) from Mexico amber, and P in tom yia fa lc a o r u m Brazil & Andrade Filho, 2002, from D om i
nican Republic.
More recently w e received a piece o f am ber with an unknow n sandfly species that w e describe here.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
T
he am ber piece containing the new sandfly species is oval, measuring 24 by 20 mm, holding th ree other flies and o n e co leo p teran . Th e sandfly was m easured in a binocular Olympus CH2
* Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Laboratorio de Leish- manioses, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Correspondence: R.P. Brazil, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Fisiologia e Imunologia de Insetos, DBBM, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brasil.
Tel.: +55 21 3865-8184 - Fax: +55 3865-8181.
E-mail: rpbrazil@ioc.fiocruz.br
m icroscope with the aid o f a micrometer objective and the drawings w ere realised with this same m icroscope adapted with a cam era lucida. All the measurements o f this new species are given in micrometers and the classification is that proposed by Galati (1995).
The new species is named T richopygom yia killickoru m sp. n. in honor o f Mireille and Robert Killick-Kendrick for their great contribution in the research o f phlebo
tomine sandflies.
Tr ic h o p y g o m y ia k il l ic k o r u m sp. n . (Fig. 1) Holotype (m ale): sandfly o f small size with total body size length 1,575, notum pale brown but coloration o f the pleura not observed with clarity. Paired appendage com plete except for antennae.
Head: laid on its side, this impeding the measurement o f its total length and width. Mouthparts not well dis
tinguishable. The 1st and 2nd palpomeres, measuring 27 and 75 respectively the other palpom eres measuring:
3rd - 102; 4th - 57; 5th - 192. Palpal fomula as 1.4.2.3 5., with the 5th palpom ere bigger than the sum o f 3rd and 4th. Newstead’s spines not visible on the palps. O ne antenna incomplete showing only the first three anten- nomeres, the other antennal ascoids visible just on seg
ment AXIII, simple and short not reaching the apex o f the subsequent flagellomere. Apical papilla present on segm ent AXIII and AXVI, in this last segment median and basal papillae are also visible. Measurements o f flagellomeres: AIII - 249; AIV - 142; AV - 142. Ratio AXV/AXVI longer than 1.
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Article available athttp://www.parasite-journal.orgorhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/200411171
Fig. 1. - Trichopygomyia killickorum sp. n., holotype, Dominican amber. Scale = 100 p.
Thorax: thoracic bristles not visible excep t for those seen on the notum. Wings with 1,585 in length and 465 width. Principal wing indices: a (R2) - 306; P (R2 + R3) - 204; γ (R2 + R3 + R4) - 272; 5 (part o f R1 that extends beyond the junction o f R2 + R3) - 45. Legs without special characters. Anterior, median and pos
terior fem orae measuring 600, 657 and 623, respecti
vely. Anterior, median and posterior tibiae measuring 838, 1,076, 1,167. Anterior, median and posterior tar- som eres measuring 521, 611 and 702 respectively.
Abdom en: genital pump and genital filam ents not visible. Aedeagus conical. Style 159 long, with four spines in the follow ing disposition: one apical, one upper external, one low er external implanted in the basal 3rd o f the structure, this one being thinner that the others, and one internal on the middle o f the style.
Pre-apical bristle not observed. Coxite without bristles measuring 260 long by 57 in it maximum width. Length o f paramere 227, show ing a lobe in the dorsal median region, upward to the basal region o f the structure with a group o f bristles. Lateral lobe very long in relation to coxite, with 408 o f lenght by 22 wide, ratio o f lateral lobe/coxite 1,56:1.
Holotype, male, Dom inican Republic, North Santiago, presented by R.P. Brazil, 2001. The holotype is in a piece o f am ber from the mid-M iocene period, d epo
sited in the Phlebotom ine Sandfly collection o f the
7 2
Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, B elo Hori
zonte, MG, Brazil.
DISCUSSION
D
espite w e could not observe the presence o f pre-apical bristles, all the other structures as such: apical sensillae in A XIII, ascoids simple, 5th palpom ere bigger than 3rd and 4th. Style with four apical spines, lateral lobe longer than coxite and the presence o f a dorsal lobe on param ere allow ed us to include this new species in the modern genus Tri- ch o p y g o m y ia .Actually the males o f the 15 species o f this genus can be separated in the base o f the ramification o f the para
mere that can be bifurcate or trifurcate (Arias et al., 1983). This new species is included in the first group with paramere bifurcate. Among the species in this group w e can distinguish it from T rich o p y g o m y ia co n v iti (Ramirez Pérez, Martins & Ramirez, 1976), Tri
ch o p y g o m y ia d a s y p o g ed o n (Castro, 1939) and T rich o
p y g o m y ia p in n a (Feliciangeli, Ramirez Pérez & Rami
rez, 1989) by the form o f the dorsal extension o f aedeagus. The form o f the dorsal lobe o f paramere serves to distinguish it from T richopygom yia trichopyga (Flock & A bonnenc, 1945), T rich o p y g om y ia ro n d o - n ien sis (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1965), T richopygom yia fe r r o a e (Young & Morales, 1987), T rich op y g om y ia rat- cliffe i (Arias, Ready & Freitas, 1983), T rich op y g om y ia w ag ley i (Causey & D am aceno, 1945) and T richopygo
m y ia lo n g isp in a (Mangabeira, 1942). The species more similar to T rich op y g om y ia k illic k o ru m sp. n. is T rich o
p y g o m y ia w itoto (Young & Morales, 1987), how ever, the new species can be separated from T. w itoto by the shorter dorsal lobe o f paramere and with a short dorsal arm directed to the basal region and absence o f ventral setae in the apical region o f coxite.
The disposition o f spines in the style also separates the new species from other species. In modern T richopy
g o m y ia spp. this disposition is one apical, one upper external, one low er external implanted in the middle o f the structure and one internal implanted in the basal 3rd o f the style. In T. k illicko ru n , occurs the inversion o f the low er external spine that is in the basal 3rd and the internal one implanted in the middle o f style. Des
pite this w e decide to include it in the genus T rich o
p y g o m y ia until new specim ens o f this species are found.
Most species o f T richopygom yia are found in the Ama
zonian region except for T rich op y g om y ia trira m u la (Fairchild & Hertig, 1952), extending from South Ame
rica to Central America. This may indicate that Hispa
niola Island was formed by large forested areas after the formation o f the Proto-Greater Antilles.
Parasite, 2004, 11, 71-73
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Reçu le 2 2 avril 2 0 0 3
Accepté le 2 9 septembre 2 0 0 3
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