Information paper on technical assistance provided to countries and territories of the ECA region under the expanded and regular programmes : prepared by TAB secretariat

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UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC AND

SOCIAL COUNCIL

Distr. i =^

GENERAL ^^^

e/cn.14/210

9 January 1963

Original : ENGLISH

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA Fifth session

Leopoldville, February-March 1963 Provisional agenda item 11

•i .'

INFORMATION PAPiSR ON TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES OF THE ECA REGION UNDER THE EXPANDED AND REGULAR

PROGRAMMES

(Prepared by TAB Secretariat)

63-65

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N PAPER ON TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ■ PROVIDED TO COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES -

OF 2EE EGA." REGION UEDEE THE EXPANTED '.:"*"

AND REGULAR PROGRAMMES ' '" '

(Prepai*ed by the<TAB secretariat)! '.

... _, ^. -.■■ , Contents, ..,..,.

" "*s"'-?' ■■'■-' ■ Page

EXAMPLES QF-TECBSICAX.. /£SJSTfi.gCF. /.^PTvrCCniS IN 196.2 ....••-.

A« Economic Plannirtg mid Statistics ••••««-» 4 •• 8 B« Natural HescAircefi Development and Power ••• 9 * 13 C. Industrial DevelojEBsat and Productivity «_a.» 13 - 15

D. Transport and Coraaiviic:t.ticiiE oe 16 -18

E. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries •*»••••• 18 - 22 F. Auxiliary.Se:r\-icen to Jiidustry *»... 23 - 26

G. Public Administration o o, s a 27 - 31

H. Public Finance and Financial Institutions ..« 32 - 34 I.. Health .•<,<,»•<.,>,»«e*<.e«9a ••••••••..»... 35 - 41 J. Education .cooooooc JO0 c 0. „ 00 r»e». ....••*.... 42 - 51 K# Housing. Physical Planning and Buildirg ... 52-54 *

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?age 2

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TABLE

TABLE,

TABLE

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/210.

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Community Development Other Social Services.

Atomic-Energy

I : Cost of Field Programme

i960 -.1961/62 ^{in Africa}

II Experts' Assignments im Africa . ' -

I96O-I961/62 ""■ ' -

III Fellowships awarded to

^'^-territories of Africa,

IV Major fields of Assists Programme in Countries

.-;.; '■■'■• ■ '

countries and

1960-1961/62 -,

ince of the Expanded ...

"of-the ECA Region.

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55 . 59 64

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e/cn.14/210

■■'■■■■■"■ . ■"■• ■■:.'■'■: Information,Paper;fgr ECA . " ' ' '. . .

;' I. INTRODUCTION

1. This information paper has been prepared for the Economic Commission for.

Africa. It describes some of the technical assistance provided in the ECA region during 1962 by the United Nations, the Specialized Agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under both" their regular programmes and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance (EPTA). Examples are also given of assistance

provided under the OPEX scheme. -

2. . The. projects are presented under ,a series of subject headings and are based.or.

material provided by the Organizations participating in EPTA. No attempt has been made to provide a complete survey of all technical assistance activities in the ECA region, and examples only have been selected, either because they have some -*

interesting features or because they have reached a stage where a broad evaluation

seemed possible. ... : , ■

3. .Country-by-country statements of the approved programme costs in 196I-62 of EPTA and the regular programmes, and of the estimated.number of experts and fellow

in 196lr62 reflect.the EPTA programme as approved, including contingency allocatic made up to 15 November 1962; those, for I96I represent the EPTA programme as

implemented,, including-all projects financed under contingency allocations. Table IV shows the division of the programme in the region into the main fields of

activity.

k. Details of.the whole 1961-62 Expanded Programme may be found in document E/TAC/L.223 of the Technical Assistance Committee, and a statement of projects authorized during 196i and.up to 15 November 1962 under the contingency authority

of the Executive Chairman, is available in document E/TAC/L.26O and E/TAC/£.286 respectively. The programme planned for 1963-6^ is set out in document E/TAC/L.2.

5. In the regional-distribution of project costs-under the Expanded Programme, there has been a continuing increase in the share of the ECA.region, which rose

from 17.4 per cent in i960 to 30.1 per cent in the approved programme for 1961-62

In the 1963-64 programme recently approved by TAC at its November 1962 session, t.

share of the ECA region is 3^.6 per cent. This further rise in the proportion oi

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E?TA assistance going to Africa reflects the participation in the I963-&+

programme of^two additional countries, Algeria and Congo (Leopoldville), as well

as some, increase in the level of assistance to other newly independent and

emerging nations in the region. ■ ■- ...■..:..:..:.

6, Voluntary contributions pledged, by governments of the EGA region to EPTA . have continued to increase, showing growing support. The totals for the last

three years- aad-forf 19^3 are as follows:; .. ';. :. :, :

■"■'■;-■ '' 1960 : $363,7^6 , ' . ■";'

■'■"■■"■"■■•;r- ■'■" ■•-■ ■■■ ■■■•-'■'■ •-. .•■■j5i1;T62 ■' ',/"[[ '• " ''■ '.'■;_ .'"■"

: "$541,771' ' '■■'•■-: '-"■• .' " "

These figures do not include,the local cost contributions'of recipient countries nor the counterpart'expenditures rented to technical assistance activities. The ■ influence of EGA on the technical assistance operations of the United Nations

group of organizations-'he.s also been increasingly felt and ha:s been a valuable'

contribution to the programme,

7. A number of developments have taken place recently in the organization of . United Nations technical co-operation. Some of these, which are of particular .interest, are mentioned in the following paragraphs.

8.' At: the end of the ;current year,,the. Expanded .Programme will have complete^

its first .period under the system of. two-year programming.. It,is too early to give, a considered yiew of its merits, and demerits, but the subject, will be fully

.reviewed in the annual, report for 1962of the Technical- Assistance\Boara. (TAB) tp...

the Technical Assistance Committee (TA.C). ■ :. ■

9. The'-Economicond Social Council, by its resolution 85^. (XXXII). approved a nev

system,' ''known "as c ^t6ti ect: prbgramine", which has taken. effect beginning; with- .^he

1963^-6^■ programme; Under the new procedure, all. projects are submitted .for their entire-duratj.on.and are approved by TAC for a-period not exceeding four.years, ; At'the:same:time Agency planning shares and; subtotals have been eliminated, |ivin,

governments complete freedom: to choose projects based entirely upon their own

views:about.priorities.. . ' . . . .

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E/CN.14/210'

Page 3 ■' .? '<"■ r. /' '■

10. On 19 December 196l, the General Assemblyjdeclared the-current depade.to be;

the United Nations Development Decade, in which member states and their peoples

vili intensify their efforts to mobilize and to sustain support for the measures

required on .the part of both developed and developing countries to accelerate

progress towards self^sustained growth of the economy of the individual nation's

and their social advancement. The main objective is to achieve in each developing

•:.'r:::«j.:.r't.;.':-.;.-:r.L •. --.- .' :..iJ \.i:/r ■ :.i •."■ '. " "< r ': .-■ :•- . ;<7'..;: •./:■..•; •::.■•-.: ■■/-.:;;;v country a substantial increase in the rate of growth, reaching a minimum annual.

increase of aggregate national,income .of 5 per cent by the end of the Decade. ; In his report qn the subject, the (then Acting) Secretary-General emphasized that the various channels.of assistance of. the United.Nations group of organizations,.,

including the Expanded Programme, .oust be strengthened.if the Decade is to be a

success. . .

11. The: Eoonomic, andvSooial: Council-and the. -Admlnistirative* Cprnmlitee on;:Coror- dination have recognized1.with approval-thatr.governments' .are...increasingly ;USing the Resident Eepresentatives as their channeX of communication with Participating Organizations "with!■'regard"' to question's" concerning the Expanded Programme' a'nd, in accordance' with" a "recommendation1 of TAC, meetings were arranged at "tte- headquar ters' of'Sacii oi" the regional c'oinmissions-in'1961/62'at whi'ch.'the offioxals - of

the secretariats" might exchange views'," with"resident representatives and.with

representatives of Participating Organizations; on problem's connected with' EFT&.

It ■isr:pla;rined(t6''1hoid such meetings again iri 1963'and:'±riT"s"ubsequerit yeaVs; They"

are attended bythe'Executive Chairman • of TAB 'and the Managing Director of the '"

Special Fund or his representative, as well tis by the Executive Secretary'of the""•

Commi.ssion concerned. . , , . : _ ..

15iT."It-i.s confidently believed .that.this.will-lead:to still:.closer.co-operation ; betw.een the.: secretariats of the regional-.commissions-and the ■Technical Assistance

^Board, to..>he .:ultimate benefit of ;the countries ,in.all regions/ which are":. '■■

re.ceiyin@:,t.echnical1 assistance from the United;Nations■ fanily. •,.. . .'.- ■/.•:■ -± ,:\

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Examples of Technical Assistance Activities In 1962

(A) Economic Planning and Statistics '•' '""■'•'.• ■ " : : -' "• ■ ; -

ilhe development of technical assistance activities in Africa reflects the , awareness of Governments of the vital importance of basing their development' programmes on sound information and planning.' ''As work in the statistical field and on natural resources surveys continues to progress, an increasing number of requests is being received for assistance in the formulation and implementation . of economic development plans. This work is expected to receive considerable

stimulation from the appointment of regional planning advisers to be attached

to ECA and from the establishment of the African Institute'for Economic

Development and Planning, tfhis Institute, through its training and research programmes,' will add greatly to the expertise available to national governments for economic and social planning. Its activities will be supplemented by'

■"Continued1 assistance to -Governments at their request-in: the forms! orVexpert"

.of fellowships, for: specialized study outside Africa..- ■>«.■■, ;<■.;.;■■.■

. . In 1962, .assistance in economic planning and programming was given; by UlfEA.

* ,.to ..nearly a dozen countries and territories in Africa, and much of this

assistance, is of. a long-term nature. For instance, in Libya, the Government•s work in planning economic development has received UHTA support for more than

a glecade and.the,Government.has requested a continuation.through 196.6 at least.

In .1962, two .UMTA economists served on :this. project, the senior apting as .-Chief

Economist of the .Development Council, the, office which is responsible,for .

preparing. th:e current .Five-Year Plan.. , -, <-...- . -. -- ■

Among the more newly independent countries, the Government of Togo has had the'.assistance-.of-a: senior economist, since the eve of independence late ln-1959*

The successive.experts occupying this position have helped-the Government' in' the field of.economic planning and have advised on-various aspects of economic" policy.

In 1962, for example, the expert assisted in the selection of key-projects ;to be ■

given high priority in the Government's development strategy. The Government has requested the continuation of this project in 1963.

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^as/to>W^/:U«BA assistance in $he economic field has been

addressed in particular -to ;thq .problem ;o.f. integrating the economies .of the

geographical parts of which, they are -composed,. In .1962,. UNEA.wa^ also requested io";send a team of. four experts-:to Tanganyika to .advise. theGovernment about the

economic implications-ofrTanganyika'-s possible participation;in_an.East African

federation and about the type* of federation, that .might be adopted. The. ..team, consisted of--two-UHtt experts- and;.two experts, seconded from ECA, and discussions were^-heldy notohlyHhMTanganyika, but,.alsq..in- Uganda;:,and ;Kenya.; .In Its .advice :to"the GoveVnmenf- of Tanganyika,.:the team,emphasized the. advantages of economic

co-operation with^other.countries. andj favoured the. preservation of.. the common .

marketsin?East-Africa. ■£'■■? ;- '. r;;r,c ■> ."■■:,: ■■/- ■ :- • •.-..>.-,,.■ - : ■■- .;-:•"'■■.--■. ; :; :

,,: .u: The Eeflt African Ooimnon' Service Organization (EACSO)" has requested the - ' services of a high-level economist'to advise on economic problems affecting the East African., sub-region asra whole^ _,The EACSO ha? also ranted aa^espbrt

fror.rUKTA-toxadyise and assist in its, internal reorganization r^d in its" ^

A recent example of requests to the United Nations for assistance' with -- regard'to the economic'and' other relations among-African countries is that, made to the 'secretary-General of W United'Nations: ^ the- Government .of 'Senegal- and of the United KingdoW on behalf of the Gombia, for a team of constitutional/,

economic and fiscal experts to lay before the Govei-nments of Senegal and. the : .

Gambia the "economic and political data on which the Governments and peoples; of;

the two countri^ "could decide what :f6rm their future relationships--should.take.

J;'. .'-in:ttie'statistical field", UHTA projects -are contributing substantially r;

towards helping countries-to ..achieve the-long-range-objectives of .the Statistical Survey Of Africa, an-activity which-envisages.'the collection, within, a five-year period, of the essential.economic:and social.statistics required.for planning.

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Page ''"'€. f"'"''.''■■

To meet the needs of countries requiring direct assistance in building up and improving their statistical services, a total of 31 UNTA consultants are presently serving, in 16 African countries, and are advising on" a .-variety of subjects'■'ib^-lucilng =th>ybrganizat.iph;.of ..statistical ■services, :p9pulati"oriV.cehsus, ..,,. .yA£aV:feta^ statistical training-, national,,/.;/-

.afjpount's> e:&ern&"l-'-trade -statistics and industrial: statistics.::-; ,_, /^v. .;^*

...."■ -fIri -add^tibhy>'f--fve-?regi:onal -statistical advisers, assigned ,to^the regional advisory ■:servi'ce-::at%-ECA,i.are.;availa;ble :to countries..-requiring> short-term -,, ,, i.:

consultative services in specialized .fields;. .Among.the projects .carried out., ,;

v-ulthrt'he.:heip"of tHese advisers may;be mentioned the first •■ census of the:.city .of "Addis-Abab'a-, -a" "multi-rpurpose survey "in.:.Morpccp, household budget..surveys in

Tr-i'pdlivahd Addis.;:Ababa,;-pilot surveys on household .consumption in the; Sudan .and a -labour force1.survey;in.Libya.. Regional statistical advisers also take... ^..., . responsibility for the organization and oonduct of regional group ..activities. ...

such as seminars, working groups and study tours; and when.possible .

give' courses In" tbVeir subjects-at. the 'statistical training ,centres;;\establlshed

with' tJN assistance ;•■■.■■■'■■■■ ■ ■ . i . .:...-.-. ,..,■. ..• .:■- ■-■: ..-.v■;. : One of the major obstacles tothe improvement of statistics- in Africa -is ■-'■

the shortage of properly trained staff; for this reason, concerted efforts

have been directed to the development of training facilities. Full-time training centres have come into operation at the middle level and one at university level.

UWTA support is supplied in the form of directing and teaching staff, fellowships

and...equipment.. ,. .. . t . . - •■.;;;;.

. Three, full-time middle-level centres were established'at.Achimota, Addis

Ababa", and .Tfaounde by UTJTA in cooperation wi;th the Governments of Ghana,

Ethiopia,Vand. Camerpun. A fourth centre at tte middle level is. operated ^^

independotly. by the Ivory Coas£ Government at Abidjan, with m asaistance . ^ JLn. tLe'.form of fellowships.. These centres have just completed their first \ _

training session lasting for one academic year (except for Yaounde* which

commenee.d:.operations only: in time for.a six-month course), having drained 8l

r.:,^.tudents. from 21 coiintries in Africa. . Participation of ,46 of those;^.attending-

was.: made, possible through, the awarcl-of UN fellowships./:. ; ■,..;.. . . .,,..■ ■. ■ -. .:,.

* .--. ...AVuniversity^level- centre .is at; present inpj)e;rafiqn at the. University of Rabat'.. Sponsored-^by the: Government-of Morocco, this centre provides a two-year course with United Nations assistance. The course which began in November

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■ ■.;■■ - . ' . Pase 7

is being attended "by £0 students frorri Morocco aad'20 from Tunisia, the .latter.-.ion UN fellowships. facilities at the centre are being provided to accommodates ■.

a second group of students for the first Vear°f.the next session, -to b^j.n-..in.:.- November 1962, and it is expected that UN fellowships will be; made available \ :.';

for this purpose to participants from Algeria," Guinea,' Camerpun and Mali. • ..

In addition to vising-the training facilities mentioned above, several ■ ■ ■ countries have requested the provision of UN training'experts attached to • - .. . their'statistical offices. In Nigeria, a training officer has been assigned to . the Federal Office of Statistics for more than a^year; another'has been posted to Tanganyika; a third was recently sent to Mali and it; is hoped that his services will be shared by Mali and Guinea; lastly, a training-officer is shortly, to be.

posted to the Central Bureau of Statistics in Ghana, the intention being that- he should divide his time between In-service training and assisting in the teaching at the Achimota centre.

Among regional group activities, experience shows that short training courses provide an effective method of giving training in specialized fields for parti cipants at a sufficiently senior level. In Ghana, a course on population census techniques wac organized in 7.96l, intends--1 mainly to assist persons who would be engaged on similar wu.ils in their own countries. During the summer vacation

in the same year a course on household surveys was conducted in Libreville, Gabon.

This was designed to give French-speaking students, nearing the end of their uni versity training, Ec-rao additional practical and theoretical experience in survey work before returning to their own countries. Other group activities have been organized to p:.:on:oto the exchange of technical information between countries and.

to enable methods to be adapted for application under African conditions. These include seminars and otudy tours.

A Seminar on External Trade Statistics, convened in Addis Ababa late in 1961, was attended by 50 participants from 22 countries. It considered the application of recocmeudationG for the isrprcveaent of external trade statistics rade by the United Nations Economic andSocial Council and its Statistical Commission.

Recognizing that the recommendations on the compilation of.external trade statistics were designed primarily to increase the usefulness of their statistics to the

compiling countries thensslves as a basis for policy-mahing, the Seminar

considered ways of applying the recOEsnendeticns in the African countries so that a regular flow of current Czt& vrould be available.

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A Seiic^sar on Industrial Statistics, held in Addis Ababa in mid-1962,

vas attended by 18 participants from Ik countries. The purpose of this seminar . was to render assistance* to African countries in planning and carrying out statistical enquiries relating to industry, vith particular reference to the United"..Nations 1963 World Programme of Basic industrial Statistics.

.Study tours provide a means of demonstrating clearly the practical aspects of many types of statistical collection and processing. Those which have taken

place, in Africa include one in Ghana to enable persons from other African countries to see work on the population' census and post-enumeration survey;

another of short duration, following the Second Conference of African!Statisticians

in Tunisia enabled some of the delegates to see local survey work in progress;

and a tour which took place in Morocco and the UAR covered survey, projects in

those countries. . •...,.

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E/CN.i4/2.tO,i-.-.,-',\

Page 9 C; m:^:

V'Natural1 Resources' Development andvEowervf-r ..:;,;;.r r'r i.:-m-.>j £:>■;* x-;o:r::.^-<:/>l . UWTA assistance^i^natureJ:..resources-surveys has-shown::a sharp.^crease ing-1962^-;Suchi -surveys; Sre a' necessary^basis;; for economic-, gaming gen- er&lly>'-asvell';asvf1or>the: development; of ,-p£oj;e.ctsj:- specifically.: cpncernedr. with

tne'exploitation of-.the:.reso^urcies ; involved..,- ;Assistan_ce-J^

surveys;-atid:'the--.exploration-of- specific-'areasy.f a,srwe;^ as;- cartography as a resource survey technique, vas given, fifteen^Afrlcanvcouhtrle's ■and territoriesr.i-:-.-.::: .^■

' :^:;;:^ens;ivejprojects:-.irj: cartograp^iy,are> :.fpr,;instan^

in:.'Cameroun>:Mali> and.\SQma*lia-;-.;-t-iV" /-:t .:■:> A cartography ^expert ^.^^j-.:- fi 1.tp;.1jhovGoyernmetnt;• :pf,; ComerquA :for. «,.period ;o^;..,, ... t -; ,V;,,..,..,;,.

to;.'assist, the- Institut.de : JJecherches.,Sqientif iqi^ss- .du-;Cameroun. ;in the- preparation:,6f■ regional-:and,^national, atlasep .and, the .-training-,of,-ipca^.

draftsmen-cartographers. A request from the Government ;pfj-.-Ma]4: for. f^ve.., -::% :-iexpertffy.lncluding^a:power -adviser,., ;a..:hydro:-geologis:t,,, andAin^cground

r-Ti'v'.-.water :SpeciaiList:y: a ^artograp£ier /and phoitogrammetrist iSrt^Uis ljga^menteA by o;Iflra!Ai:;i,(Dhe: expert /in- ground', water.-.development; -has .completed his. wopkr,;and a

^vvciartogrsphy expert ifrom the. UN: Secretariat,■has/visit.e.d MaOd.ai^:eurvfi^iai...the .;'.,ne^ds x>fr-the:carrt<>graphic:--departanent of .tb.eilliJiistxy. of, public Wprks>...malting

recanmendatipns*■.■_■ ,;The. photogrammetr-tc and-cartograpiiic.posts,.are_;noy. ;under .■:recrultment..:. 1"In/Somalia. f.ourr experts have been -.assigned., to,.assiaVthe ..;

---.r ,-;NattoneJL' Gartographic Off ice..s,ince 'I96I in its,organization ;and -operational problems;.and .-.considerable-equipment is b.eing.made ar.^il^-ble ■ to 5this.,office..

;;;:;.Tv.o:.experts ape. at. present; in. Somalia collecting . an^. mapping..-,.', .. .t - .;- .,.. i.::;-y' ^>i-r' ..'-\-■■:/..:. .'-■-.:

'■ ' In Upper Volta; a United Nations expert 'toa

survey of-the' country' ..nd- dre:.- up a 'Five-Yectr Plan"-or Geological" "R.-seSrch

for 1965-67. * '

In Togo1 a mining expert completed a survey of ground water and mineral

resources and.a .preliminary .prpgramme-for-their development.,., ;.This programme - . ./was .used ,as a- basis.rfor -a. mineral resources deyelppment .project .being.;imple- :../ mented with.assistancecf■;the,!Special:Fund. ; ..,.. ...-".,.; ■,;■•;..■■-...,; ■■, .. ■:■

..- . .-. The^Government- of :the:;Ivpry::;Coast. is..,giving high priority.-to, the.,initia- ... -tion-of-a comprehensive programme,.of .natural(respij:rces development and has

requested UNTA to give .assistance in the establishment-.;■%£,. a geolpg4.cal.,.

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Page 10 '• ■ ■ ■

laboratory included in this programme^:;;Provision;has .been-.made'.t$_make( aid available'in theform-of ex£ert^services;iand'equipment..:.: : ■;-... ■ ,, ■,;■;;.■

' ■■'■'"> - In Efthlofria^two iaiiiM^::-«^«*?ts-vdf^the UN:Secretariat,visited the;, country for "tnre^':weeks'- and-assiste'd-the 'Government■.•■ in' therevaluation-:•f:;:,the,-possi bilities1 of"Mineral"resources development in the southern .part.:.of the-, country.

Their- report1 will" form^the-: Da*sis; ■ fdr: furthet'.worktto; be /carried-,outS.^th^:

international 'assistance-., ='-v' v---'----"1'^- ; .'-'.-* ■■:'■.••,,■..-•. .-;■ -...■ vi.-^-.v."/-^

In Gabon, a mining geologist has been assisting: the Governmientw-i-siT a; i

'''iong-^ernr project ^bT%erolb'gifcal-and>mlriingi;e^loratio^^^^ In Madagascar, ■ a mining expert has'been-advising the Government since September:196l. in■'.

prospecting and operation of mineral deposits, partiGulaj?ly-aliuvial'"gold:. In

■ Tunisia',' 'a •' geolbgist: ;nas': -been' advising the-'Government' since; ;-196*O on'Surveys

•:<tf"""<&e'-"exten8"i6hs '6f: iron b"re mineralization' in- Northern Tun±sia> and: oft-.-

pKosphatV deposits. ":i<:i <:-"' '■■- -■"■•".-"il •.1-.:-j.:i-.;--j. :'. . ;:\! ;■-.:: ia;c-; -.■'.'■- . ■--:-■;■ :■••-..

petroleum-geologist ds": advising on .-petroleum prospecting $n aLS also been made "ih::the'Moroccan pr»gramne-for;-thr«e fellowships ' in' petroleum ■ geology:. "'' Two- Moroccan1 ■ nationals" also- attended1: the

■ seminar-■ on ■ the i;techni"ques:V6f■:petiSo'leum'-'develbpmeht>';'held;.irpNew;.'yprt in;■ 196fi, to provide' seniox adfcVnioifatbrs with^infdrffiatlorf^ori-t'^cHrtical/-operational

andlegjai^aspect^'of tne'-!petr61eum'iMustry;;-"::' Other, active participants •;

caiie from therIv6^: Coast,'Iiiaya^Ma^ Arab Republic.

': ■-'" tjt'i'lizatlo'n and'dJevelopment'-^Gf water'^-resources iri^single :or multi-purpose

■ projects: ig'orf sirgular Importance in Afrlda arid has*'been the object-.^of'-::

"■ assistance'by-UN!EA In'a'number of African "countrie's and teritories/. Including BechuanAi^nii^the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Upper Volta. In Bechuanaland:1' tnree experts assisted the-.-Govern.ient in. the- preparation ox chy^ralo^ve.! survey project to bo c-rriod cut vitrr. assistance iixjj'a the Spccli'.l Fund.

Th^ir r^iport is 0.I20 o:rpectod to result in -fur-tlii^r activities

J»'.uider the""'^litecl' *I:a-[/icns?''" Tc'cnnical- ?ii"sis[tr.'nce' prbsre/.vjsas:'•."-'lu "-'the Eastern1 region of Mgeria/'a hydrfeiogi'sf was Assigned tb'iadvise on-'^grburid 'water'resources'developmeh'tV As a result:'bf--his ^preliminary findings, drill

ing of exploratory bore.holes by':a private'"«contractor in; the Crbss River-Plain

'is*TOvisageiiv'';liie^'p6sSib"ility of 'lar^e-s'calei-drilling is -also'-"Being studied.

In tne ivopy^Coast,'" a'dam:'c'6nstructioh'expert: has been'assisting in^thei.com-

;• . — k . .' ... ... , . . . t . .

pletlon of the earth;dam' project in the Bamdaina Valley. ""l' :.■■.'"'• ■ ^ ■"".■ :;>:.:

(14)

. 14/210

. River resources can,. in. many instances, best be developed by cooperative

'efforts of the riparian countries. During"^, UKEA nas begun to assist .

such cooperative projects at the request of the;. ttyernmentsconcerned. Thus

;the Governments of Mali, Niger,. Dahomey and MigSE^..taqpXqpeiittii«" & tecio^pn taken at.the Hydrolpgist Meeting, of the Niger ^^ufta.i»unt^.Mq^t^;

UNTA to provide assistance' in a survey of the consequences that actual or . ^ contemplated projects, of the riparian countries might have on the regime of . the Niger River. The implementation of this request was entrusted, to a consult ing firm which has just completed its work'and submitted its. report which..is ;

being processed for early publication. .... , ... :_,.- .■: ;...■ ,.,

JZ Following requests frpm'thc Government of Guinea^ Mali, Mauritania and ^ .Senegal and preparatory work with the assistance of experts; of the UN ... ,!;...

.Secretariat, a-team "of eight experts is being organized to investigate .the, ..

Senegal River Basin with a view to deyeloping:its natural resources for .,. : multi-purpose utilization. The water resources and:hydro-power experts have . already arrived in the. project area and other experts'of the team are expected

-to. join them, shortly. .. . ■ ■ . .. ... ,'•■,-■' ■ ■ ■,

In addition to giving assistance to multipurpose river development schemes including hydro-electric power production, UHTA has rendered services to "a number of. countries in.. Africa specifically with regard to electric power ..development.and related problems,such as legislation governing public utilities .;andrate.'p9Wcies.' In;Niger, a hydro-elertrical.engineer and a power, economist

completed,the .field part, of a mission on: the selection of the best hydro- .t.

.electric sites..on,the .Niger Hiver. Taair recommendations took into account toththe technica. aspects of the problem and-.its. economic aspects, including

possible power.demand in the. next twenty years. . . . ■. - ■

• In Togo, a power expert; advised the Govermeit during 19&0 on the use of a: local Diesel power-station, . In. 19&, two.power legislation experts visited the country to advise on legal and tariff problems and on the organization,.,

-^administration and functioning of the centeal. electric system... . . T

■'(c) Industrial Development and Productivity... • . ., . ; •

• m Africa, .technical assistance in the field, of industrial development,

■is still in an early, phase. As the newly independent, countries need first .to survey their natural and manpower resources to serve as a basis :for.further dev-loment inching industrial development planning, only .a small.number, of

■t'.em bave sofar revested; the assistance, or experts inindustrial.prograBming,

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E/CN. 14/210 ■•• ■■-■:■.'■'■.

Page 12 ■

in the development of small-scale industries and in feasibility studies.In other

countries., assistance prodded £y. United Nations"experts' continued' on projects

established^ in previous years. ' ;"'; "' '' '-c''-r'

•■,:,^ exP?ct€£ that activities in the ."field"of industrial de^lc^Sent will be ^anded in the forihcoining Mennium;;' in :p*e iprri c£'j^ral '^r^% yell as specialized expert, assistance' resulting as follow-up from'"these'survey^ ' Regional prp^ects^ in support of these activities will be drawn up in Cooperation between .-^--Centre f°r.. ?r!'iustrial Development and the ECA Secretariat.''" ^ ^:'--":/;-:;'"

... Amqng the; UNTA projects in the field of "industrial development' carried :.out

in Africa during 1962, the following may be mentioned: " r. ' ':'/'" "'' : ':;'

..An.industrial economist advised the Government'of'Ghana on problems^' of"'i:.::

industrial; planning in connexion with'the preparation of Ghana's hew"Seven-Year Development Plan..The United Nations expert drew' up primarily the maih;e'c^>noiic

criteria of the programme of industrialization for a developing country/Wt'up

i"?i5at:?rs.sh'ow.ine'. in mathematical'expression, the various' sides" and' a"iml;:of an

.integrated industrialization plan and their respective values, and'bri^fehis":-J/":

theoretical basis, he then'made a thorough arialysisof all the'existihg'and pros

pective industrial projects, viz., the projects under construction^ tne:projects f?3r,uhich.firm contracts had already been signed/and ne^ projects'in various stages of negotiation/He grouped all'these "projects into various categories' aibng::the indicators set up in" advance, and give a precise evaluation of'each'of'them. °As a result of this analysis, the expert finally made concrete proposals"'tori'c^rning the

priorities of the projects, based on techniques of-estimating"investment":r&quire-

ments,. ^aking into account the ecohbmic realities of'the "country/its:'human;v "■

material and financial resources and the"possibilities of international'-assistance.

He also analyzed the problems connected' with financingthe whole ■industrialization

programme and set up a time schedule for the subsequent stages of'its'implementation

having regard to both "the existing and prospective- budgetary"resources" of the

Government. A'follow up of this mission is at present being executed by"another

United Nations expert! ' • "'■' ' ' ■ '■ : .-.",■■ -v ■■.■::; -.■■- ^;:.-

In Cameroun, an1industrial consultant advised the- Government' hh"the' devVlop- ment of small and medium sized industries. The expert, recprnmended the setting up of small industrial estates providing workshops and common services, and proposed

measures for acceieiated vocational training. It was also recommended that a

number of resource surveys be undertaken to serve as a basis for further indus

trial development. ■

In Niger, an industrial engineer has been assisting the Government in deter mining suitable types of industries which could be readily started or expanded, giving due regard to appropriate production processes, s-cale of operation and oxdar of priority of industries proposed.

(16)

Page 13 i:,( r.^tfi

'undertaken.

/■L"'instigations "wffi^'SHeV^b'advisingtneGovernment:bn the/ establishment '"""'"" "of 'xrae^or ''several indWrialr^siates^or small-scale- industries:iin;: the *y

Enugu'area0' '"' " ' " '' "~ - ■"' •■ .- " " ■- ■"' -.■■■- ■•■"■ .■-'■-■-.-: :^;.-

.:,.,.;-,..,.: ..-.,. .,,.An. .expert, has ..advised the Government of the Sudan on" the''production of .salt from sea water including methods of improving solar salt production and ' :j ''"techniques of production 'control. "-''Hoting the'unique-features ■.of: salt as one

-.w :■.■■; '*£'£e ^^c';âw::êriî;s;:for industrial development>: the expert..proposed 'that'aiechnic^;'and'"e^ made of the Bait, resources.;:pf-the

"1""Sudan'and'"of"the present and'future requirements for-sait and salt-derived chemicals with a view to recommending the establishment of specific.-, projects in'this "

' "" A programme is'lirider'pretiaratibnj as an amaJ-gamated"-pr'd^ect; to,,three

■: J countries' in Western Africj-V arid'""'consist^1 of two"phases^'■■In the;:£ir:st:.phase, a highly qualified' expert' will"reView:^h'e'J existing plan's of?;these countries,

" prepare a siirvey of 'procpects:f6>":tht2ir'"industrial development, -and recommend

"a .programme, priorities' and follow-tip action/ In the second phase'; 'his

recommendations'wili'be" executcd'Vy^furthe^ e::Cpert's s^ecialllaed in-:various

industries and in small-scale indubtriesv ' ' ' ' -?:I: r.^--.^ / ■ -:■;.-■:<;;; A;,detailed .description of ^he Productiyity.. and.Vocational Training

%^;r." . Centre;established- In.-.l^k .in the UAR.will illustrate the ILQ prbje'cts in

this field which have made a significant'contribution towards industrialization.

After a period of "surveys ""and' experimentation/' a" plan of "activity was drawn up

for 'five-'years''starting in" July :1956- ■■■-This Five-^tsar Plan was included in the

general Five-Year Plan'if 'industrializatibriby ^he:iCJoverhment'j and tHe" Centre

.became the Productivity' and Vocational Training 'Department' of the-newly

./,,..,. "established'to experts under

the Expanded'*Pro^reime''1:to "assist' in''"iisTJlementii::g'"ther programme ;'iri 'the'-fields

of productivity, supervisory 'training arid'1 vocational ■trailing.' Fellowships were made available and some training equipment and documentation were1 alsn

■ :'l!l" Supplied'\'-'■■■ The'1 'ob"jerctivev*is to raise.; productivity in" industry by;improving

•■'■ ' the: level of 'management: -in" ^neral;,>rby-;-i3aitroducing modern management •.- techhiquesy-'and by

(17)

Page 14 ' ■ ■:

A l?6p. survey revealed that more training was .needed for the expansion -of"industry, under, the second Five-Year Plan of industrialization, especially

in : such-[important trades as the metal _and electrical trades* As a result, the number, of training centres planned increased from 22 to. ^O, and big industrial

enterprises were strongly encouraged to increase- their own training programmes.

By October 1962, a" tdtal number of 22 fellowships were granted under the project.

: ---.The first task of II/D experts was to,train additional specialists for the Department .of Productivity and Vocational Training at institutions abroad or by

■tlie'iexperts ^locally.. .The .team's work, consists .mainly of Productivity and Management Development, Superyispry.Training, Industrial Safety and Vocational

Training* .... 1 ■ ■ ■ . , . ( ..-■.,.

Activity in the field of Productivity and Management Development, is directed chiefly towards general management and industrial engineering.

Seminars and conferences for managers are organized with a view to .acquainting them with the concepts and practices of industrial organization. Courses are arranged in work.study, production planning and control, quality control, cost accounting.and^maintenance. Projects are. also undertaken within industry to enable., counterparts and members, of industry to obtain experience in sovling practical problems. By October 1962, the number of participants who.have passed through the different courses in Productivity and Management

Development was 750. 'In addition, a large number'of top and middle managers . participated in conferences, seminars and meetings in *.oiinexiori: with1-the work*

. Supervisory Training under this programme is aimed at raising the standard of supervision in ..industry, and promoting the acceptance of such training as a management functipn. By October I962, the number of supervisors

in industry who had participated in courses amounted to 20,090 and 150 safety specialists have been trained.- An organization for promoting industrial safety .has ;been founded and considerable .improvement has been achieved throtxgh.it in

safety conditions in industry... Accident statistics in many c,ompanie's; now show

. a considerable drop. ' . .,.

■ 7 ■ .; "Vocational Training is undertaken, for the following .skills•-;■ flying, turning, machinery).. welding-,, sheet metal working, blacksmithy, electrical, automative (including diesel),; tool and di.e making, air conditioning and

(18)

( » .■■!■•■-.','"•

' '■'■.■'

• -

E/CN.J4/21.0,

Page 15.;-; ;..-. ■

refrigeration, maintenance fitting, printing, textile, .cabinet^making, " *

...;.. radio.and.t(

., i.... _. ._,,. ..accelerated 350 trained

■ 'i '.-•■''}".■■'.'

■■ :- :-!•■■;■■' :' '■- "V

••: ; '■ -/..■;' ;■;■.■ * ' ; :"•','■'■'

,,,,^^.,;--n.,^l.,,,- -, .".,,

:; ■"'■■ .W.iv-V-.1.1

... v- f -■■-.,-■ r \ -:

■ ■ :■■-.:■''•'.■ '■;-. :w- ,"r. • -

slecomnrunications..:' -At present, .2,600 trainees and :100. up-grading trainees, indigenous instructors-are engaged ir

■ ''■;■-■ ■■■ ■ *'• ■ '•■•■;;-; ■." ■"y-;-..r '■. -. -

. ■ ■■ / \ ■■.■'. •■- -■ • , ■:.-■■.-

. :_ ..f 7.u ... , V .-;.•«:■/"■..■■ ..,-

; ?.?>■. :■ . \ ■ ■ '■■ •■-'■ - ■-" ;:--.-. ::.. ■' ;.

':■:■:■,: _-:.-: -.-, / y .■ ; -i-- ■ ;.• ^ ■>-.■>•

: ■ ;■■ -. -■ ■. ::- ■ ' -" ' '■ ■■ ■

:■;<-.":_■.■■■

,■■■■- -' i - - - 1 , . , ■ ■

■ :.:? ^?;- >■■'■ ■'" • ■■■ ■■■.■■■;;.■

'apprentices', 700

are under training,- while 1. this work;1 : ' " - ■■ -

1 . ' ■ " v.1

■■■■. . ■ ■'.' :■ -■ :' '.,

\-. ■ -■."•'•■ :' .•■-■' ■'■ '/■'■ ■ ■' ■ .

■ _.■■ ;:. ■ ■■■ - v -■■■■>■;.■.: ;•■■

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■ .■-.■..-.■; -: : ,

(19)

e/cn.14/210

Page 16

(d) Transport and Communications ...

.UNTA assistance in the field of transport in Africa.during 1962 vas

concentrated in few countries although in others, interesting requests are being formulated for assistar.ce in the near future.

In the United Arab Republic, assistance in the field of transport and communications continued to. occupy a prominent place in the UNTA programme, as it had every year since 1957- In recent years, this assistance has been concentrated on railways, harbours, shipyards and river transport, and

coordination of road and rail transport. Most of the experts are provided on short-term assignments for precisely defined technical tasks. Thus the State Railways Organization was assisted during 1962 by short-term experts who advised on the signalling on specific sections of the railway network,on

railway track maintenance, and on marshalling yards, while experts in the modernistion of workshops, foundry shops, and reclamation yarda are being recruited.

As regards harbours and shipyards, en expert in port planning completed a one year assignment during vhich he advised on the modernization of the harbour

of Alexandria and other ports. Another expert is now in the U.A.R. on a short-term assignment 1oadvise on shipyards design and an expert on ship building berths ic being sought. Experts on coordination of road, rail and

river transport and on transport statistics are being recruited while an expert

on highway transport accounting took up hin assignment in October 19^2-

The expert services in the field of transport and communications are complemented by an exterrr-.ive fellowship programme to train UAR nationals to follow up and implement the recommendation of the experts. Thus, during

1962,five fellowships were awarded for the study of various- subjects in the field of railway operations and maintenance.

In the Ivory Coast, e. railway expert was provided to make a preliminary survey with a view to modernizing the Dimboko - Tafire section of the Abidjan Niger Railway.

An interesting joint request of the Governments of Dahomey and Niger for advice on the problems arising out of transit traffic of goods to and

from Niger by rail through Dahomey was filled during 1962 by a UNTA/GATT mission

of two experts.

(20)

e/cn.14/210 . " - .

Page.ri7 - "A;.,- .^',y:

-■-.,ni^ -.;^ c^Vi'T'avtation-," the.JCAO project in- Ethiopia;,.which .was started in^

^^aviatibn^o^

continued for the whole of 19°2. Provision.,qi,.aavi^ ^^^~™?r_,:- ™^

Department ^Civil^T^I^^^

^rts,,;-.to::r^m^ed^>..i^rtant ^ctfo?.^*^11^.^..^

aitional'tasflistancerwas^

^wândcôund^repnnel,.r iffcîng1 airman

■o3ectTâBdînipome^pn,with.the:pêratiop^

:dio~ hav±ga*ic*al; aids,a^

... airpprt^tNAddis ..-Ababa,,i;now: .scheduledrtp: be ready^ ear^y in Vffi'^^^...,,^.^

--:.■;> /.-■;; during vthe-^ear^-^: meteorplpgic.a^, ins,1;rurae^t maintenance «cf«rt ^_ ass^

' "~ ' ^^ins.trumen^.wo^shpps-at^^ffl^^

year assisted .with ther dev,ep.opmerrb and .preparation _of^ ^_

1 has joined the United Nations "in ""t'he

Cd'rigo^:. lAvciwilâyiatlpn s^Sse^ has,-conttoedfto.aîse^ê J^rn^nt'-of ^ Liberia in the setting up of a civil avîon.administ^ ^

consisting.:o*-4 ciy.il^iation.ady;^eS -^^^^^1^^^^^^^°^''

ws absorbedunder

bilateral vaid-arrangemeni;sr,A:^vU aviation adviser "spent ,^ef^^^

^ requirements; h"^. submitted Ms report ^to^the^

^td^th Spec^

in Morocco and Tunisia have continued to serve under'the Expanded gg

rtB,in airworthiness>,v?adip^ngin^ring.an^t^printer Wintenahce, l^t, ..^^^^^ out. work in jhan

^d^r5,Mtpr.TTrf;gio^lvprfo^ects, ..^^^^^ out. work in jhana^Etb^°g^...

covvNatior»ls./o£-,CpngpiBraz^yill^ '"

t^Sudanvere Studying abrcadunder ■ 1^ fellowships^

:---1Somaia:;J^t^,Sudan,.vere ;S,tudying abrcad^under ■ 1^ fellowships^ ^ ^ ^ ^

.i-.i i,v ^'ûryey.,of aviation .ground .services; including services^ provideli tiy -K-the-Easte.Africa Meteorological (De^rtment, was .carried out jointly by/^Rerts ...;x£r<3in-ieA0 and^MQ,on .tehaXf.. of, ^ â^',Afrj.can Cannon .Services^Ôr^nl^tlon:

^An.economist %&-fiiaCTey^.e,aii;..serves, ^otentia o^ the.

ed.ithr.gu^^ieAO.;.. ..^ =-v,.1^.r.Jl-.;a ,,-j ,,^ .- ., ; ...^--,,,.7^ .. v-.. ,.,+...~ •«,.,--, «^

In Africa, in 1962, the ITU concentrated bh'instVuctihg fei^communications staff in various countries. Experts were sent to Central African Republic,Chad,

■v'-i'-fc&#t^Opo^^ Madagascar .alLpf., whom are in charge of llti d it f tlecommunications" training centres or of -i'-fc&#t^Opo^^ Madagascar .alLpf., whom are in crg

... 4he installation and maintenance of telecommunications" training centres or of. the

LV"improvement' oFthbW' a'ixeady exfsVi^gY'TM

d~ad^ l bpf

the ^bdratot>ifeV^and-'demcmstratipn;,rppms.iin;:th^^ large, numberpf

fellowships were also asarded, and more than seventy trainees were "sent to Europe.

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E/CN. 14/210 "•" :.---::

Page-18

In:the:c4se: of "tHe'c6ngo<-LeopoadVilie)tte training was provided-/-in collaboration with-a:bila"teral;progranjme,-This aid;. was in^a^ditipntp ttie. training already given

in Ethippisi.arid.the Sudan and other rTU experts'were seritrto'-Togo; GHana^Senegal

and thV'Uni1;ed~ArabnSpublic ■-to-'study^particular problems-abputv-teleGOinmunications in^these countries.- .- ;■ :■? cv;--- 7 -':•>:..:.♦■•■• . ; - , ,■ ■ ,-v .-...: :<<\ f-«-i,.; £.--■.

(E) Agriculture, forestry and Fisheries ', * •'■ ■ •* ■ ^•'"-<.-^> ■

The Government or Hi^eria'ia^anxious ■ to: increase"-paddy rice:;n>;-~':

production, in particular there^isa 'need to increase' the"'yields:-: .-Consequently,

,FAO was requested in 1961 to send a*rice;expertrt6'Nigeria torset -up-'airesearch

programme to determine the "soil and crop nutritional-requirements^ of-, irrigated rice, under different environmontal' conditions and^ to 'advise the! Government :■->■

..generally in the culture" of' rice. laboratory work" started in'the/'begihhing'.bf.'-

1962. ■ The expert organised'field experiments -which included fertilizer applications. The results are' not yet available'as'the'expert has-been .oh-:r,i<: V location for only eight months"".' The" Government has' cooperated with: the provision of a well-equipped laboratory''and- reasonably' qualified counterpart personnel:*This Jpr6Ject ie, the first of its kind inu Africa". - Pice is; a prominenV,food1, crop

in Beve'ral African' countries and''its' importance is likely t"6i-ihcrease;;vThus/.-?

this project can be considered as'the' first of "many suchr requests -.arid itvwi-11'"

etct.as a .guide for the conduct of others. ' ' ' '- " "- ■ " ' j;£:'_j':'i.:

The former assignments of a few FAO experts have1 led to "the use •

of expert teams' in'the'Vieids of water resources and- irrigation in'Tanganyika.

Tn +>^a -naa+ a mavimim nf i r »vt!ai--i-.k hnvA at. nnp' t,1 me- -DarticiDated'-'ini'surveyis■

In the past, a maxijium of' 15 experts' have at one time- participated'-.ini'surveyte'

At*present there are" seven EPTA'postc ' invthe field'6ft'water

resc^r7c;es'"and"irrigation in'Tanganyika." " "Three" of these'posts-belonged an--

irrigation team which, in cooperation with one" Dutch'Associate' Expert.;--;'c'ontiriues

to, establish the "inventory of the" waiter' resource's1 'development potential '6f:;ttie

country. A fourth expert advises on h'ydrblogical studies". Two'"expert's will participate' in the training courses' given to junior1 staff'of; the Waters-Develop

ment of the Government\ "with which1'the four 'other "experts- are "als"o cooperating.

The seventh post covers the field of Water'Development "Panning a*n<i is :orie;:6f ..the three posts, of _a planning team to be attached to the Planning'-bivisioh'.^f the

: Government.

JO .,.-...

' - ■ ' ~ ' ' 'The terms' of reference of "these'seven experts give1 a. :c.lear/picture .-;-r> of the well-integrated programme, of technical assistance in the. field of. water

-resources and irrigation. This is'an example- of the'more .advanced- stage- ,■

(22)

/ 14/2^6

Pago. 19 . . ;-

of EPTA activities, which have already led to the following results:(i) some pilot irrigation schemes investigated by the FAO team are going to be executed under biiaieral-prograrDmes; -(ii). detailed ■ investigation of^large river.basins .vill.be

■proposed to-the'tUW-Special Fund;, (iii) the government'put full.emphasis on^ an .

extended'training programme.: in hydrology and irrigation. . * ..,.. . ., .

FAO projects in-the use of farm.machinery are best, illustrated by the vbrk of an-expert who, beginning lateen-i960, has been, advising.,the Government

■of ther Congo(Leopoldville.) onthe' operation of agricultural machinery on the, extehsive:n-paysannats". (settlements) which were falling behind in their farming production-duetto the. withdrawal of foreign technicians and machinery, operators.

•-•■-. "S :.'■. : -■" -The: expert./found.that the :main problem was, the lack of training of the

Congolese-personnel-responsible for, maintaining the equipment...In a .very..short time'he was able to. organize-a-training centre, for Congolese technicians from

■■^paysannats1'- in almost all provinces.- of the. Congo. The centre -was. organised

near Leopoldville as a separate, completely self-contained unit.. Buildings ...

■-for classrooms, machinery sheds, dormitories, and facilities for board, and lodging of the trainees, were .put' up. The fourth course will be_cqmpleted before,the end

Of 1962/ ■■ " ■ '■ ■' " ■'■ ■ ■ '.,'■:"•• ■ . " •■: ?:•■-.-- . '^ -:

■ •:■ -; ".: ..This project has .been considered.as one of the-most .successful technical

• assistance undertakings in the Congo. .It..was .the first project that showed that people from the various.provinces could be brought to work and live together., , harmoniously, and from a technical.point, of view the trained students have;already shown; in'their practical- day-to-day work on the."paysannats", the value,of proper

-'training; Many machines are again in working condition, as reported by,the Minister

of.Agriculture in.his.speech at the closing ceremony.of .the third course, but lack

of spare parts, for .repair is still aproblem;- ; .. ; , . -., , .- ■ .

.- < Early-in 1962, FAO sent a food, and nutrition policy expert, to assist the ' ...Government of Libya in the.preparation- of a food and. nutrition policy and ...

programme taking into account -the long-term-as well as the short-term possibilities.

This assignment was characteristic of the different stages of.this, type .of.work.

■-••-• r .- First the expert laid the basis for a comprehensive survey .of,,food consumption and nutrition and familiarized himself with the main nutritional

problems, in::the country and their possible solutions.. It was thus found

(23)

Page" 20"'"*"' *

;::T-:-: s •;}ii.^.j!.-. -; }.0:-;^.r-:-' ;-p.: .-- ^;-r v.-^-.-.j,.

*

thatJ.althbught'the;diet'1iBlnbt exactly'poor in quantity,; it; is.-low- in.proteins, . and' vitamins, Because of fluctuation of-production due., to.unpredictable weather, the country has to import".more''fondr-than..it can:afford,, thus -thei;pattern .of..-the diet'is unsatisfactory and based'to ;a 'large: extent, on ..cereals.,.* ^,.y

~rThe'se"oond-step, therefore'^ was to recommend'long-term'solutions. A set of

food consumption' targets -was'-established indicating the .order;-6f. magnituder of [the

supplies"; heeded to meet nutritional -requirements*..'' Out- of this, estimate-<-ha&>;;.■ ■ 'emerged''"the" heed'to concentrate oh high-nutrient-yield, .rather thaniigrpss ctohnage.

""The expert klsb;' recoramentied to"the Government the- establishment1 of; a National Food

and Nutrition ConmitteV'knd 'drafted7-ita--consti'tut'iotf which- vaS subsequently^.- -n

approved' b'y the Government'.1 Other"" concrete recommendations, were to strengthen■■■»

nutrition e'ducai'ionV' train 'more "nutrition workers* and-intensify-work' in! agricul tural extension/ tf"' ■' *-'-J -: :; -'" " -■'"'-" .■.'■;-:/■;: ;• - '.'•:>.." "i; ■ - ■'/:-.'

*' ''-"•■' AIjfurther'step consisted:of the':recoaimeridatiohv and-so .some .implementation,

" "of s^orVterm' measures' aimed 'at "the- immediate 'solution .of specific.hutritional

problems. For instance, the expert arranged to obtain seedlings from Taiwan,V,

''"'" of different ^'papaya1 varieties;' wEich'were delivered-.to" experiment agricultural

*"" stations in"'the""tfiree regions ;6f-Libya. Papaya is a good source; of,.pro-vitamin A which'"ris-'in''short'supply in the-:Ii"ibyari diet:- Noting that..consumption.^of fish.-., v,1--- is* very low'in'relati'oh to' supplies V'the^expertrexperimented with,and suggested

■ "' different forms of-preparing this fodd;'soroe*'' of 'vhichrwere ^uite acceptable

; 'to "the population.''The expert-also'experimented with-.-a ford-mixture; made-of. local

*~ " foods1,'sesame butter, non-fat milk powder' ■ and > date .syrup, for .use in'feeding school and pre-school children and preghan'- and nursing- mothers. ;. :. •-■-;; *.

'' """; AJ survey'of home eciohbmics in Africa with special'-.reference, to rural areas was macLe' available to1 governments and' international. agencies;..ih: 19^2,;.following the survey carried out''in'196l under the Regular Programme.. Ttiis: report is ■■■ ■■_

proving useful'to:Headquarters, Regional and-Field officers in assisting -,■■■

governments'arid the 'iriternatidhal agencies to plan and implement programmes

for women. * " ' " ■ ■ ■ \l ■■. \..-.-■■. ..^: ■ . ■ ? :'•■ Lii ■ ■ ■• .V ■ : r. -

A home economist,'appointed'-under RPTA- has- beeri' assisting amti'onal- *;

programme of community and social development for two years in Sierra Leone.This

programme will continue with field project personnel under EPTA in I963/6V The

project, which has UNICEF assistance, aims to disseminate knowledge about family nutrition and home improvement in all rural areas of the country, and to involve

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women in these activities. It also seeks to coordinate the social development activities ;:of.voluntary-organizatijns and missions with those .of th^ government.

^ li existing training centres aid

opening new centres for training .government personnel and leaders of voluntary

.-organisations .... v ;^i.;;.}iv :■ :- :. ■;..;, .:.:.:: .-..._;: .*..-..■ .-.':., ,,. '••'v-v 0 ■ ■/■■•■

1 '■•-A-!regional:,symposiiuD;on the. conservation of ..nature and natural resources

in,,m(^ern^frican'states.J...calle4. ^pintly.by ,<:CTA (Commission on Technical

.. ...Cppperati'pn for..Africa) and :JUCN-.( International..Union, for the Conservation of

i ^atu^e-^ un^-;.tbe sponsorsnip^.'o.f. FAQ and .UNESCO, was.held in November I961 ' at Arusha/Tanganyika, and was attended ;by lUO.participants .from2i. African^

and 6 non-African countries and from FAO, UNESCO and ECA.

An outcome of the Arusha meeting was a decision to establish a team of two specialists to analyse the problems of wild life conservation and management

■ in Africa, to assess the needs of countries in terms of education, research and administration and to propose the priorities for specific projects and suggest

ways and means fori'neir financing and implementation.

Two experts selected by IUCN were recruited and this project then became a joint IUCN/FAO undertaking. The two experts have already visited countries

of West Africa which had requested their services and in the second half of 1962

are devoting their attention to countries in East Africa. The progress achieved

will then be reviewed by FAO and IUCN.

It is expected that the -two-man team will be consulted on many related topics, land use and natural resources policies, wild life management, game

legislation, national parks, hunting regulations, education and training, research, the promotion of the tourist industry, etcetera.

The problems of wild life management and conservation are the particular concern of FAO's African Forestry Commission, vhich has established a Working Party to review existing national policies and investigate to what extent the former London Convetions fall short of the objectives of the new Africa. A meeting of this Working Party is scheduled for 1963, on the occasion of the next

General Assembly of the IUCN.

An FAO expert in fisheries i3 starting work towards the end of 1962 . in

assisting the Tunisian Government in the application of the fisheries

development plan, particularly in the introduction of modern equipment for trawling and fishing with lights. He will be present at the fishing trials

carried out on the experimental ship put at his disposition by the Tunisian

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administration. These trials a'im to obtain the maximum results from this - ■ type of. fishing and to direct Tunisian fishermen towards the best fishing

grounds. . ;

Two UNESCO experts have been assigned to the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) of the University College of Ibadan to carry out a survey on social and. economic factors affecting agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The two experts were responsible for the preparation of the outline of 'the survey and cnnducted, with the help of the personnel of NISER, a series of

investigations in various regions of Nigeria.

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E/CN.i4/2iQ

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(F) Au*iliai^: Services7''^ -.•-«-■-:■...-. -■■.----

••"'■^ri-n^vA^niviPTi^ of the ■Central African' Republic -approached ihe TLO '■

for Assistance" iri'iip'ieke!ritinra general ^study of the co-operative rii6v:e- "

ment in the Republic, with the aim of developing it arid emphasizing the * needr;for improvitig cooperative training and education. Following this ^ revest; two :IL0 experts1 in the' fields of co-ope'rative1 training ana'educa- tion':8indi:c"'6-L6perative accountancy,' respectively, were sent to the Republic

inNoVember'i96l. "'Another expert in tHe field of co-operative'develop

ment 'joined the team "in April 1962. ' " . , .

Their first'taslcwas1 to help the Government to re-organise the

Mutual- Societies for^Rural Development (Sobi^t^s Mutuelies pour le Deveiop-

merit Rural),' wh'ich"were not giving satisfactory service. After re-6rgan-

i'satlon, the Societies became more efficient; and capable of assuming additional co-operative'functions. Besides the local training'given by

the expertsT'two''fellowships were awarded in 1962 "for co-operative studies

in': institutions abroad.- Equipment worth $5,oob was"also provided by thV

inthVbeiief that a'sound organisational structure in the field of

social;poiicy is'indispensable for social progress, the 310 helps

countries-whi'ch-'are'■ evolving;'i^v--socialv-and labour institutions, through ^

itPabtlvities^ in rthe:-fields of-ir.bour- adniriistration. " "Iir fact; -special-;

attention- is being^ given: t"6- the requirements 6-f newly independent African-

coiihtriesV Advisory missions continue to "be sent to various African countries,

^and tr'ainihg r'cburse:s and seminars'are being'organised for officials connected

with labour administration. ..._-,...

'■' "'"' For' labour"inspection staff from French-speaking African countries,

'cour'ses' in Labour Administration are organised in JParis by the ILO under

the Expanded Programme, with the co-operation of the French Government and

the^nstitute'oi1'Advanced Overr.ee.s Studies. The first course in Labour Administration took place fron 15th February to 11th November I96I. It :was: comprised oV nineteenparticipants from the following countries: Congo