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(1)

this

rhythm,

after

moving

the animals to another

piggery

have been followed

using

the

following parameters :

amount of nocturnal

activity,

amount of diurnal

activity,

and also statistical indexes of the distribution of

activity

based on

percentiles

25 and 75 and on the median from the cumulative curve of

hourly activity percentages.

Adaptation

to the new

piggery

is correlated with a decrease in

daily activity

and an increase

in nocturnal

activity.

The most sensitive measurement seems to be the ratio of

morning activity

distribution to afternoon

activity

distribution and this index takes 8

days

to stabilize.

These results indicate the usefulness of

studying biological rhythms

for the evaluation of

adaptation

to

changes

of environment in

pigs.

ÉTUDE

DE

QUELQUES PARAMÈTRES

DE VARIATION DE LA

COMPOSITION

DES EFFLUENTS DE PORCHERIE

E. SALMON-LEGAGNEUR

J.-P. GAYRAL J.-M.

LEVEAU

J.

RETTAGLIATI Station de Recherches sur

l’Élevage

des

Porcs,

Centre national

de Recherches

zootechniques,

J. N. R. A., 78350

Jouy

en

Josas

RÉSUMÉ

Les variations de la

quantité

et de la

composition

des effluents de porcs ont été déterminées

en fonction du stade

physiologique,

de la

composition

de la ration et du mode

d’élevage.

L’influence du stade

physiologique

a été déterminée chez des

porcelets âgés

de 4à 7

semaines,

des porcs en croissance de 30 à 100

kg

et des truies en

gestation

et lactation. La

DB0 5

est pro-

portionnelle

au

poids

chez le porc en croissance tandis que la

pollution

émise

(par

unité de

poids)

est

plus

forte chez le

porcelet

et

plus

faible chez la truie

gestante.

La

composition

de la ration a une faible

influence,

il

apparaît cependant

des variations des

propriétés

dues à

l’augmentation

du taux des différents constituants de la ration :

lipides (augmentation

de la

DBO!),

cellulose

(augmentation

de la

DCO),

azote

(augmentation de l’azote).

Le mode

d’élevage (litière

de

paille

et

lavage

de la

porcherie)

a une influence

importante

sur

le

volume,

la matière sèche et la

composition

des fractions solide et

liquide

de l’effluent.

SUMMARY

SOURCES OF VARIATIONS OF POLLUTION PARAMETERS IN PIG WASTES Influence of

physiological stage, composition

of diet and

management

on amount and com-

position

of

pig

waste was assessed.

Influence of

physiological stage

has been determined from 4-7 weeks

early

weaned

piglets,

(2)

30

-ioo

kg growing pigs

and

gestating-lactating

sows. It results in a linear increase of

DBO 5 ,

in relation to

liveweight

of

growing pigs,

whereas

pollution (on liveweight basis)

is enhanced for

piglet

and lowered for sows.

Food

composition

has a small influence

except

when fat

(DBO, increased),

fibre

(DCO increased),

N

(NH, increased)

are added.

Management factors, including bedding

with straw and

washing

of pens, have a wide influence

on

volume, dry

matter and

composition

of

solid/liquid

wastes.

PRÉ-TRAITEMENT

DES LISIERS DE

PORCS

AVANT

ÉPURATION BIOLOGIQUE

A. HAUBRY Société

Degremont,

B. P.

46,

92 Suresnes

RÉSUMÉ

L’étude rassemble les

principaux

résultats obtenus par

tamisage

sur

vibro-séparateur

et par

centrifugation

avec ou sans conditionnement au moyen de décanteuses continues.

Nous

analysons

essentiellement les rendements d’élimination en matières

sèches,

DCO et

DBO,

et comparons les extractions de lisiers frais et lisiers

âgés.

Le

problème

de la

déshydratation

des boues en excès

provenant

de

l’épuration biologique

de

lisiers est

également

abordé.

SUMMARY

SWINE WASTES PRETREATMENT

(BEFORE

BIOLOGICAL

TREATMENT)

This paper

gives

the main results obtained

by sifting

on

vibrating separator

and

by

centri-

fugation

with or without

conditioning, by

means of continuous decanters.

We

mainly analyse

elimination rates of

dry solids,

COD and

BOD.,

and we compare the extractions of fresh and

aged

swine wastes.

We also examine the

dehydration

of activated excess

sludge resulting

from

biological

treat-

ment.

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