Behavior modification
6th Class
Shaping, chaining
Techniques for increasing frequency of behavior
•Shaping
•Chaining
•Prompting
Cat and toilet
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1edDfzluXE
How would you train
the cat to use your toilet?
Shaping
•Reinforcement of successive
approximation of a target behavior.
•We look for any behavior that resembles the desired behavior or takes the person closer to it.
Shaping
Hot and cold
Application
• Training of animals
• Feedback when learning new skills (exercise – somebody shows something and people propose shaping feedback)
• Management of people (counting hours for tasks - f, slow presentations - m)
• Sport Training (Timothy Gallwey – video?)
Performance curve
Long-term average
Time Perfor-
mance
Example: Tennis
Buzas, Aylon, 1981
Correct execution of tennis skills (%)
Timothy Gallwey – Inner game
•Performace = potential – interference
•Interference - critics, fear from failure, past experience of failure
•Person can overcome the interference by full
focus/attention on some variable/aspect of action
Video
•http://vimeo.com/6152948
Shaping Feedback Poi
Chaining
• Reinforcement of successive elements of a behavior chain
• Behavior chain – sequence of related behaviors, each of which provides the cue for the next and the last produces s reinforcer
▫ E.g.tying shoes, going to school..
Types of chaining
•Forward chaining
•Backward chaining
antidisestablishmentarianis m
Now try reading this
Rules for chaining
•Define the target behavior
▫As a chain! – you must know in advance what sequence you will be dealing with
•Reinforce successive elements of the chain
•Monitor results
Shaping Feedback Poi 2
Prompting and fading
•Prompting
▫ Providing antecedents that evoke a target behavior
•Fading
▫ Gradually reducing the strength of a prompt
Types of prompting
•Verbal
•Physical
•Gestural
•Modeling
•Environmental
Rules for prompting and fading
•Define the target behavior
•Identify the suitable prompts
•Prompt reinforce and fade
•Monitor results
Discussion
[The end of the today's class]
