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اللغة والسياسة في فكر نعوم تشومسكي

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 146

يكسموشت موعن ركف يف ةسايسلاو ةغللا

يفاــك ةدــيرف مسق ةــفسلفلا ةعماج راتخم يجاب ةبانع

لىإ لاقلما اذه فدهي

نع فشكلا

موعن يكيرملأا ركفلما دنع ةسايسلاب ةغللا ةقلاع

يكسموشت

Noam Chomsky (1928- )

هتمدق يذلا روصتلا كلذ ىلع ادامتعا ،

هتيرظن

نم ةساردلا قلطنتو .اهرهوج ةيرلحا لكشت تيلاو ،ةيناسنلإا ةعيبطلا لوح ةيوغللا

هرثأتو ةهج نم ةطلسلا ىلع هدّرتم سكعي ةيرلحا نع يكسموشت عافد نأ اهدافم ةيضرف

يذلا ةغللا في يكولسلا هجوتلا ىلع هتروث سكعي امك ،ىرخأ ةهج نم ينيوضوفلا رابك راكفأب

في يرشبلا كولسلا لزتخا

هتيرظن برع يكسموشت لواح دقو .لعف درو لعف يموهفم

ىدل يسايسلاو يعامتجلاا طاشنلا نع ةلوؤسم ةنماك ةيرطف ئدابم كانه نأ تابثإ ةيوغللا

لاكشأ ةضهانم في لاّعف لكشب ةركفلا هذه فيظوت ةيفيك في هفده لثتم مث نمو ،رشبلا

بنالجا عمقتو دارفلأا ىلع ةباقرلا سراتم تيلا ةطلسلا

ةغللا ةقلاع رهظت امك .ناسنلإل يعادبلإا

.ملاعلإا في ةمدختسلما كلت ةصاخ ،ةطلسلا لبق نم ةمدختسلما ةغلل هليلتح برع ةسايسلاب

دشأ هركف في ينلخادتم ينبنالجا لاك نأ هدافم جاتنتسا لىإ ةياهنلا في لاقلما لصوت دقو

رظنل هعضو ذنم رهظ ةيناسنلإا ةيرلحا نع هعافدف ،لخادتلا

بغت لم ةغللا نأ امك ،ةيوغللا هتي

هتاباتكب لاإ لمتكي لم يفسلفلا هعورشم نأ ذإ ،ةيسايسلا هتاباتك في يكسموشت مامتها نع

.ةيسايسلا

ةغللا _ ةسايسلا _ لقعلا _ ةيرشبلا ةعيبطلا _ ةيرلحا _ .ةيوضوفلا Résumé:

Cet article vise a clarifier la relation entre le langage et la politique selon le penseur américain contemporain Noam Chomsky, et sa perception de la nature humaine revendiquée par sa théorie linguistique qui croit que son essence est la liberté. Sa défense de la liberté peut refléter sa rébellion contre l’autorité, et bien aussi sa révolution sur l’approche behavioriste dans le langage, qui a réduit le comportement humain au principe « d’action et réaction » pour prouver par sa théorie linguistique qu’il existe des principes innés et latents qui sont responsable de l’activité sociale et politique humaine. Chomsky a exploité sa théorie efficacement pour lutter contre les formes de pouvoir qui exercent le contrôle sur les individus et empêchent tout acte créatif. En outre, la relation entre le langage et la politique apparait

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à travers son analyse de langue utilisée par l’autorité, spécialement celle qui est utilisée par les medias. Etre linguiste a aidé Chomsky à s’engager dans la langue utilisée dans le discours politique, on peut donc conclure que les deux parties se sont entrelacées dans l’idée, parce que sa défense des libertés individuelles est apparie depuis qu’il a développé sa théorie linguistique.

Les mots clés : Langage-Politique-Raison-La nature humaine-Liberté-Anarchisme. Abstract:

This article aims to clarify the relationship between language and politics according to the American thinker Noam Chomsky in terms of his perception about the human nature that is claimed by his linguistic theory which believes that its essence is freedom, his defense of liberty may reflect his rebellion against authority and his influence by the ideas of the leading anarchists, and it reflects as well his revolution on behaviorism in language, which reduced human behavior to just act and react, to prove via his linguistic theory that there are innate, latent principles which are responsible on the human social and political activity. Chomsky exploited his theory effectively to fight against the forms of power that exercises control over individuals and suppress the creative side of man. Also, the relationship between Language and politics appears through his analysis of the language used by the authority especially that which is used in the media. Being a linguist helped Chomsky to engage in the language used in the political discourse, thus, we can conclude that both sides intertwined in the idea, because his defense on human freedom appeared since he developed his linguistic theory, also, language was not absent in Chomsky's political writings, and then, Chomsky’s philosophical project is completed by his political writings.

Key words : Language-Politics-Mind-Human nature-Freedom-Anarchism.

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 146

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 Leonard Bloomfield  Stimulus response " speaker’s stimulus hearer’s response

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 146 ( Faculty of Language )

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explanation ( Plato’sProblem ) ( Universal Grammar ) Creative Aspect

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 146

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 146 ( Freedom )

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(

The Responsibility

of Intellectuals )

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 166 Samuel Huntington ( 7291 ـ 9002 )

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 166  John Dewey Bertrand Russel

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 166

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George

Orwell

Manufacturing Consent, The political Economy of

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 166

ماتخلا يف لوقلا نكمي

نأ

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Syntactic Structures

Noam Chomsky : Syntactic Structures, Mouton de Gruyten, Berlin, New York, 2002, p 13.

Behaviorism B.Watson

J

1ـLeonard Bloomfield : Language, London, First Published, 1935, p 23 2

-Ibid, p 23

3

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 166

9 ـNoam Chomsky : Aspect of The Theory of Syntax, The MIT Press, 1965, p 6 10

12 13 14 15 16ـThe Responsibility of Intellectuals (1967), in Noam Chomsky, American Power

and The New Mandarins: History and Political Essays, New York, 1969, p 325

Anarchism Anarchy

an arkhe

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22  24  tabula rasa B .F.Skinner W.V.Quine Nelson Goodman 25

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يفاــك ةدــيرف ددعلا ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيعامتجلاا مولعلل ةملاق ةعماج تايلوح 02 ، ناوج 0227 116

29ـEdward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky : Manufacturing Consent, The

politicalEconomy of The Mass Media,Vintage Books, London, 1994, p 1

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