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Non-destructive measurements for destructive experiments: how to assess damages ?
Guillaume Charrier, Thierry Ameglio
To cite this version:
Guillaume Charrier, Thierry Ameglio. Non-destructive measurements for destructive experiments:
how to assess damages ?. Journée thématique CEFE - Survie au stress, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE). FRA., Sep 2019, Montpellier, France. 15 p. �hal-02444443�
Non-destructive measurements for destructive experiments:
how to assess damages?
G. Charrier & T. Améglio 2019/09/09
Survie au stress – Stress survival Journée thématique CEFE
Context – Facing extreme climatic events
More heat-waves and drought events Still some frost events
Abiotic stress – Physiological damages
Charrier et al., Plant Physiology 2016 Charra-Vaskou et al., J. Exp. Bot. 2015
Living cellsHydraulicsystem
Drought Frost
Freezing/ Thawing
Frost
0.5 Osm 0.5 Osm
2.0 Osm 0°C Ψ≈0MPa -4°C Ψ=-4.8MPa
Non-invasive techniques to monitor damages in situ
• Dendrometer
– Water fluxes (drought and frost stress) – Growth (resilience to stress)
• Ultrasonic acoustic analysis
– Cavitation events (drought and frost stress) – Other signals ?
amplifier
Radial growth monitoring since 1919
Dendrographe: Fritts HC (1955) Daniel Trembly MACDOUGAL (1919)
Hydration and growth. Proc.
Amer. Phil. Soc. 58: 346-372.
Patent INRA ” Pepista”, JG Huguet (1985)
PECHER
-500 0 500 1000 1500
3-juil 4-juil 5-juil 6-juil 7-juil 8-juil 9-juil 10-juil 11-juil 12-juil 13-juil 14-juil 15-juil 16-juil 17-juil 18-juil 19-juil 20-juil 21-juil 22-juil 23-juil 24-juil
jour
microns
INRA-UMRPIAF
Peach Date
Stop irrigation Irrigation
Walnut
For automatic fruit trees irrigation
Pépi = thirst sta= stabilize
Zweifelet al. 2000
AMC
Steppe et al. 2012
From the Pépista to the PepiPIAF
Mini data logger integrated :
- LVDT (resolution <1m (16 bit acquisition) & Temperature sensor (± 0.5 ° C) Power Supply: 2 AA Autonomy for 12 months)
- Memorization: average according to selected frequency (1, 5, 10, 15, 30 mn, 1h, 3h)
- Memorization: from 2160 to 10800 measurements (ex, for 30 mn = a history over 45 to 225 days)
- Authorized distributor: Hydrasol licensed INRA Transfert
- PépiDataSoft remote download software, allowing to view and dialogue with the PépiPIAF and to edit the data in txt or excel format and to interpret them)
- PC Transmission; Radio HF 43.3 Mhz: range of 150 m to PS and Sigfox or LoRa
Acquisition of data Measurement of Tair°C Power supply (2 AA)
2.4 GHz Radio Transmitter and Sigfox or LoRa networks
A LVDT sensor and a sensor holder (invar)
Receiver USB
Pépidatasoft software
-900 -700 -500 -300 -100 100 300 500 700 900
180 190 200 210 220
Diameter variations (m)
Jours de l'année Control Tree
Drought Tree
No drought Light drought Production Drought accentuated to severe Extreme drought Death of the tree
Extreme drought conditions to determine mortality
Extreme drought and Mortality
Work in progress of a PhD student Lia Lamacque (UMR PIAF- Iteipmai) on the links between extreme drought and mortality on Lavanda
Diametervariations (µm)
Dmax1
Dmax2
Loss
Diam1 Total Loss Diam2
Damage 1
Resilience
Loss of Diameter (%) R²= 0.88
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Damages (%)
0 20 40 80 60 100
Winter damages
Améglio et al. J.Exp.Bot., 2001
The Ψ of ice changes at about 1.16 MPa.K-1decrease in temperature.
Rajashekar and Burke (1982) Rajashekar et al. (1983),
If the ice formation start at -5°C when the temperature decrease at -10°C,the Ψ decrease about -6,0 Mpa
Similar to Extreme drought stress!
Extreme stress at the treeline:
Winter drought
Charrier et al., Plant Physiology 2017
N N N N N N N
Nighttime shrinkage (Ψice)
Nighttime AEs:
Freezing-cavitation = bubbles formation
Daytime AEs:
Embolism development due to transpiration
Ψstem
Daytime shrinkage (E)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
Betula pendula R² = 0.981 slope =-0.478
T50= -9.155
Sorbus aucuparia R² = 0.975
slope = -0.415
T50= -31.01 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
Temperature (°C)
cUAEs
Sigmoid relation with temperature,
(0.928 <R²< 0.994)
Wide variability in T50, (-10<T50<-32°C)
Charrier et al. (2014) Plant Physiology
Frost-induced acoustic emissions
Interspecific variability
Frost-induced acoustic emissions is related to drought resistance
Charrier et al. (2014) Plant Physiology
Freeze-Thaw expansion hypothesis with Ψice as driving force:
=> displacement of the air-water menisci in pits
=> cause bubble to expand or collapse
Drought-induced and frost-induced embolisms may share the same mechanism.
Are UEs only from vessel origin?
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00
Temperature difference (°C)
UAE (hits cm-3min-1)
Time (h) LTE HTE
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00
Temperature (°C)
CumUAE (hits cm-3)
Time (h)
Kasuga et al. (2015) Journal of Experimental Botany
• 2 stages of AEs
1st => embolism & cell damages 2nd => cell damages
Are AEs only from vessel origin?
Capturing acoustic parameters across stages to predict PLC and cell damages
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
-20 -15 -10 -5 0
Embolism_Aes Cell Damages_AEs Embolism_Hydraulic
Sounds promising !
Thank you for your attention
guillaume.charrier@inra.fr thierry.ameglio@inra.fr
