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Session 2: Lipid metabolism

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HAL Id: hal-00900282

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900282

Submitted on 1 Jan 1999

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Session 2: Lipid metabolism

Dominique Bauchart, Jean-François Hocquette, Dr A. Orzechowski

To cite this version:

Dominique Bauchart, Jean-François Hocquette, Dr A. Orzechowski. Session 2: Lipid metabolism.

Reproduction Nutrition Development, EDP Sciences, 1999, 39 (1), pp.103-103. �hal-00900282�

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digestibility of the protein sources present in this diet.

Suggestions for the future

Digestive secretions have been exten-

sively described. It is now time for looking

at the neurohumoral regulation especially

around birth.

The extrinsic and intrinsic interactions at the secretory cell level must be empha-

sized in the future.

The morphological and histological char-

acteristics of the mucosal cell must be related to their neuropeptidergic contents as

well as their surface receptors.

The secretory events must be related to other physiological events in an integrative

form such as the work described by Dr

Lesniewska.

A clear distinction must be performed

between pharmacology and physiology especially for the relationship between CCK

activity and CCK receptor expression.

The experiments dealing with mecha- nisms at the cell level must take into account

the in vivo physiological reality.

If possible, each species must be treated separately and interspecies comparisons

must be performed with great care.

Session 2:

Lipid metabolism

D. Bauchart J.F. Hocquette

A. Orzechowski)

There are interspecies-, interbreed-, food- and age-related differences in lipid meta-

bolism in terms of activities of the enzymes

regulating lipogenesis and lipolysis, as well

as fatty acid oxidation.

Among them, carnitine palmitoyltrans-

ferase I (CPT I) controls the transfer of fatty

acids (FA) into mitochondria. The lower

sensitivity of CPT I to metabolites derived

from FA in piglet than in rat muscle is an example.

The levels of activity of several enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and CPT I

are considered in most situations, but not all, as rate-limiting steps for FA uptake and

catabolism in muscles.

To some extent, utilization and distribu- tion of lipids result from variations in very- low density lipoprotein (VLDL) formation

in the liver, which depends on dietary and physiological conditions.

Phytoestrogens exert a significant effect

on lipid metabolism since they enhance lipolysis and suppress lipogenesis.

Lipids are vulnerable to the action of rad- icals. TBARS, CD, and more recently found isoprostanes were therefore elected as mark-

ers of oxidative stress. Some antioxidants

(tocopherols) as well as unknown substances of plant origin (evening primrose) limit the

extent of lipid peroxidation

Session 3:

Tissue growth

J. Simon Professor T. Motyl)

The maintenance of a dynamic equilib-

rium between cell replication and apopto- sis at the physiological level is crucial for proper tissue growth and remodelling, and thereby for the development and health of each multicellular organism. Bel-2-related

proteins establish an important checkpoint in

the regulation of programmed cell death in normal, transformed and neoplastic cells.

They are also involved in the regulation of

mammary gland remodelling.

Endo-, para- and autocrine regulation of

tissue growth occurs:

-

throughout the expression of early

response genes and the activation of enzymes involved in the signal transduc-

tion pathway (ODC, MAP, p90RSK and

p70S6 kinases);

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