HAL Id: hal-01595297
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Producing food and electricity in the same system.
Experimental evidence of agrivoltaic systems potential
Hélène Marrou, Jacques Wéry, Lydie Dufour, Christian Dupraz
To cite this version:
Hélène Marrou, Jacques Wéry, Lydie Dufour, Christian Dupraz. Producing food and electricity in the same system. Experimental evidence of agrivoltaic systems potential. 12. Congress of the European Society for Agronomy, Aug 2012, Helsinki, Finland. 598 p. �hal-01595297�
in the same system
Experimental evidence of
AGRIVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
potential
H. Marrou, J. Wery, L. Dufour, C. Dupraz
INRA – UMR SYSTEM (France, Montpellier)
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
An AVS is a production system that associates on the same land unit at
the same time solar panels and food crops
Agrivoltaic systems (AVS) : what and what for?
Key assets :
Intensify land productivity
(food + energy)
Keep arrable land available
for food production
Increase food security
A wide range of possibilities
2
Dupraz C., H. Marrou, G. Talbot, L. Dufour, Y. Ferard, A. Nogier. 2011. Combining solar photovoltaic panels and food crops for optimizing land use: Towards new agrivoltaic schemes. Renewable Energy 36 , 2725-2732.
Agrivoltaic system under study
3
44.8m
19.2m
6.4m
4m
NORTH
SOUTH
3.2m
1.6m
Half Density
6.4m
44.8m
Same energy production as
a conventional solar plant
50% of the production of
a conventional solar plant
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
Agrivoltaic system under study
4
HD
FD
3 radiative treatments:
FD= Full Density of panels
HD = Half Density of panels
C = Full sun Control
No H20 stress, no N stress
Different species
Lettuces (2 seasons, 5 varieties)
French beans
Cucumbers
Wheat
C
FD
HD
C
C
NORTH
SOUTH
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
7
How do PVPs affect the microclimate?
Zénith
West
East
el 1 el 2 az1 az2South
(x,y,z)
Solar
Panel
Strips
Assessment of the available radiation
Light distribution is HETEROGENOUS in FD and HD
Measurements on the field :
Developement of a radiation model
Validation with field data (2010)
RMSE : 9-11%
9
Marrou, H., Wery, J., Dufour, L., Dupraz, C., 2013. Productivity and radiation use efficiency of lettuces grown in the
partial shade of photovoltaic panels. European Journal of Agronomy 44 (0), 54-66.
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
Available radiation at ground level
10
Full Density : 50% GR
Summer 2010 :
51%
Spring 2011 :
49%
Half Density : 70% GR
Summer 2010 :
76%
Spring 2011 :
67%
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
1:00
5:00
9:00
13:00 17:00 21:00
Glo
b
al
rad
(
MJ
.m
-2)
1
stjuly 2011
full_sun
mean FD
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
1:00
5:00
9:00 13:00 17:00 21:00
Glo
b
al
rad
(
MJ
.m
-2)
1
stjuly 2011
full sun
mean HD
Control point : Temperature and humidity
11
Mean daily Air T° :
no significant changes in the shade
Hourly Air T°, Air VPD, and Wind Speed
Non significant changes either
11
FD HDfull sun, Confidence Interval 95%
Marrou et al, in prep
Lettuces
Summer 2010
Spring 2011
varieties
varieties
Marrou, H., Wery, J., Dufour, L., Dupraz, C., 2013.
Productivity and radiation use efficiency of lettuces
grown in the partial shade of photovoltaic panels.
European Journal of Agronomy 44 (0), 54-66.
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
Fruit crops
14
FRUITS or GRAIN
LEAVES and STEMS
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Gr
ain
yield
(
t/
h
a)
0 100 200 300 400Yield
(
kg
/h
a)
FD
HD
T
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50Yield
(t/
h
a)
Dwarf French beans
Cucumbers
Durum wheat
Different
allocation
of DM
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000V
eg
DM
(kg
/h
a)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
V
eg
. DM
(t/
h
a)
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00V
eg
DM
(kg
/h
a)
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
R
elat
iv
e
Dr
y Ma
tt
er
and
Y
iel
d
a
t
h
ar
ves
t
Relative transmitted PAR
Lettuce FC+
lettuce_FC-
Lettuce_B0
Lettuce_B+
Lettuce_B-
Beans_DM
Beans_Y
Cucumber_DM
Cucumber_Y
Wheat_DM
Wheat_Y
Crops use light more efficiently in the shade
15
Relative variables refer to ratios between the values measured in the shade (FD or HD) and in the full sun.
Increase
Interception
&/or Conversion
Decrease
Interception
&/or
Conversion
MARROU • Aug. 12 •Helsinki
CO2
O2
(CH2O)n
Decomposing : from light to biomass
16
PAR
ini
× RTE × RIE × RCE = DM
Biomass
Climatic
resource
Solar Panels
Transmitance
Physical
Interception
Biological
conversion
Main shade
compensation relies
in increased RIE
Ability to increase
RCE depends on
variety
Different varieties
have different
tolerance to shade
17
Decrases
Biomass
Increases
Biomass
Decrases
Biomass
Increases
Biomass
Assessing RIE and RCE in the shade
Marrou, et al., 2013. European
Journal of Agronomy 44 (0), 54-66.
1/ Increased growth rate?
Growth rate is not affected by shading except in the 3 first
weeks of development
19
Lettuces
(summer 2011)
Cucumbers
Nb
of
lea
ves
on
t
he ma
in
st
em
Figures : Marrou et al, in prep.
