ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺓﺭﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻨﺻﺃ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ
Zea
mays ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ 01
ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ
ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ
ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ ﰲ
ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﰐﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﻱﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﱘﺪﻘﺗ : ﺓﲑﻫﺯ ﻥﺎﻳﺯﻮﺑ
ﺦﯾرﺎﺘﺑ ﺖﺸﻗﻮﻧ ... :
..
. ..
..
.. ....
..
...
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا مﺎﻣأ :
ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
01 ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻦﯾﺪﻟارﻮﻧ شوﺎﺷ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ :ﺲﯿﺋﺮﻟا
ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
01 ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺪﯿﻌﻟا تﺎﻤﯿھد :رﺮﻘﻤﻟا
ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
01 ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ فوﺮﺤﻟﻮﺑ :ﻦﯿﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤﻟا
ﻴﻄﺳ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا سوﺮﻌﻟ
ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ يدﺎﮭﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺸﻗ
ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻲﻗﺍﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺃ ﻱﺪﻴﻬﳌ ﻦﺑ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ داﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺳﻮﻨﺳ
ﺔﯿﻌﻣﺎﳉا ﺔﻨﺴﻟا 2013 :
2014 -
ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ... :
ﻲﺒﯿﺗﺮﺘﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ... :
...
..
.
ﷲ ﺮﻜﺸﻟا لوأ ﺳ
و اﺬﮭﻟ ﺎﻧاﺪھ يﺬﻟا ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗ و ﮫﻧﺎﺤﺒ نأ ﻻﻮﻟ يﺪﺘﮭﻨﻟ ﺎﻨﻛ ﺎﻣ
ﷲا ﺎﻧاﺪھ
، ﻢﻠﻌﻟا اﺬھ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﺮﺟ بﺮﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧرﺪﻗ يﺬﻟا ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا ﺪﻤﺤﻧ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻻإ ﻢﺘﯾ ﻻ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺎﻓ ﻊﺳاﻮﻟا ﻞﻛ .
ھد فﺮﺸﻤﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺘﻟا تﺎﻤﯿ
و ﺔﻤﯿﻘﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﯿﻌﻟا تﺎﮭﯿﺟﻮﺘﻟا
، ﺮﻜﺸﻟا ﺺﻟﺎﺨﺑ مﺪﻘﺗأ ﺎﻤﻛ
و ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا هﺬھ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟ ﻢﮭﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ءﺎﻀﻋأ ﻰﻟإ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺘﻟا :
ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺲﯿﺋر ﻦﯾﺪﻟارﻮﻧ شوﺎﺷ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ
ﻦﯿﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤﻟا ءﺎﻀﻋﻷا ﺔﯿﻘﺑ و
،
ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ فوﺮﺤﻟ ﻮﺑ
، سوﺮﻌﻟ ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا
، ﻲﺸﻗ ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا
و يدﺎﮭﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ داﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺳﻮﻨﺳ ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا
.
و ﺮﻜﺸﻟا ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻦﯾﺪﻟا رﻮﻧ ﻂﺑاﺮﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺘﻟا
لدﻮﻌﺳ ذﺎﺘﺳﻷاو
ﺪﻤﺣأ ﺔﻤﯿﻘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ
، و يﺮﻜﺷو ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺘﻣا ﮫﺟوأ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻰﻟإ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺗ
ﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺔﻣﺮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ةذﺎﺘﺳﻷا و ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ةدﻮﻌﺴﻣ ردﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﺒ
ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟا .
i
ﺭﻬﻔﻟﺍ
ﺱ
-I ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻟﺍ ...
...
...
1
-II ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻟﺍ
-1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺓﺫﺒﻨ Zea mays
...
...
3
-1.1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ
...
...
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3
-2.1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ
...
...
....
4
-3.1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤ
...
...
4
1.3.1 - لﺒﺎﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺠﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻫﺯﻷﺍ
...
...
5
2.3.1 - ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺫﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻫﺯﻷﺍ ﻱﺭﻫﺯ ﺩﻭﻘﻨﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺠﺘﻤ
...
...
6
1.2.3.1 -
ﻥﻴﻨﺠﻟﺍ l'embriyon ...
...
6
2.2.3.1 -
ﺀﺍﺩﻴﻭﺴﻟﺍ albumen
...
...
6
3.2.3.1 -
ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺸﻏﻷﺍ
...
...
. 6
-4.1 ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺯﻴﻓ
...
...
....
6
1.4.1 - ﺩﻭﻌﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻹﺍ
...
...
....
6
2.4.1 - ﺔﻴﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
...
7
3.4.1 - ﺔﻴﺭﺜﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
....
7
-5.1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻓ
...
...
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8
1.5.1 - ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻐﺘ
...
...
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8
2.5.1 - ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻐﺘ
...
...
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8
3.5.1 - ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ...
...
...
9
4.5.1 - ﺔﻨﻴﺯﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ
...
...
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9
5.5.1 - ﺭﺯﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻋ ...
...
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9
-6.1 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻟﺍ
...
...
10
-7.1 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺓﺫﺒﻨ
...
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10
1.7.1 - ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ
...
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11
-2 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﺃ
...
...
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11
-1.2 ﺯﻭﻨﻜﺍﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍ Antrachnose
...
...
11
1.1.2 - ﻕﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻔﻌﺘ
...
...
...
11
2.1.2 - ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﺤ
...
...
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12
-2.2 ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺤﻔﺘﻟﺍ Charbon commun
...
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12
ii
-3.2 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻨ ﻡﺤﻔﺘ Charbon des inflorescens du maïs
...
12
-4.2 ﺕﺍﺭﺫﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻘﺴ Foutes des semis
...
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13
-5.2 ﺯﻭﻴﺭﺍﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ Fusariose
...
...
. 13
-6.2 ﻥﻭﺘﻜﻭﺯﻴﺭ Rhizoctone
...
...
13
-7.2 ﺃﺩﺼﻟﺍ Rouille
...
...
...
14
-8.2 ﺓﺭﺫﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻔﻌﺘﻟﺍ Pourriture sèche du maïs
...
...
14
-9.2 ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﺤ Helminthosporiose
...
...
14
-10.2 ﺭﻁﻓ F.roseum ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻜ
...
16
1.10.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ F.roseum
...
...
17
2.10.2 - ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻌ
لﺌﺎ ...
...
17
3.10.2 - ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ Fusa rium
...
...
18
4.10.2 - ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ...
...
...
20
5.10.2 - ﺯﻭﻴﺭﺍﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ Fusariose
...
...
20
6.10.2 - ﺯﻭﻴﺭﺍﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ Fusariose
...
...
21
-3 ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
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21
-1.3 ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ
...
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21
ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ Ø )
ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻟﺍ (
...
...
22
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ Ø
...
...
22
ﺓﺯﻔﺤﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﺃ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ Ø
...
...
22
-2.3 ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ
...
...
23
1.2.3 - ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺘﻔﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
...
. 23
2.2.3 - ﺕﻼﻔﻁﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
...
..
23
3.2.3 - ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍ ل
...
23
4.2.3 - ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
...
23
ﻲﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ Ø Antixénose
...
...
23
ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻷﺍ Ø Antibiose
...
...
24
5.2.3 - ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺒﻤ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ...
24
6.2.3 - ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
...
24
ﺔﻴﻁﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﺩﻟﺍ
...
...
...
24
ﺎﻴﺭﻴﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ...
...
...
24
iii
ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ...
...
...
25
-4 ﺱﻨﺠ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ Trichoderma
...
...
25
-1.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤ Trichoderma
...
...
26
-2.4 ﺱﻨﺠ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ Trichoderma
...
...
26
-3.4 ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟ
Trichoderma
...
...
26
-4.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ T.viride
...
...
27
-5.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘ T.viride
...
...
..
27
-6.4 ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤ T.viride
...
...
. 27
-7.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒ T.viride
...
...
28
-8.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ T.viride
...
...
28
-9.4 ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻀﻴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ T.viride
...
...
28
-10.4 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ T.viride
ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
...
...
28
1.10.4 - ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻷﺍ Antibiose
...
...
28
2.10.4 - ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ La compétition
...
...
29
3.10.4 - ﻱﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﻔﻁﺘﻟﺍ Mycoparasitisme
...
...
29
ﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ
...
...
....
29
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ
...
...
...
30
ﻑﺎﻔﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ...
...
....
30
4.10.4 - ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ L'antagonisme
...
...
31
5.10.4 - لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ Trichoderma
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍﻭ ...
...
32
6.10.4 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ Trichoderma
ﺎﺘﻴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺒ
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺯﻴﻟﻭ ...
. 33
-5 ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
33
-1.5 ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻼﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ
...
...
34
1.1.5 - ﺭﻴﻏ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻟﺍ
لﺌﺎﻌ Interaction non hôte
...
...
35
2.1.5 - ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ Interaction hôte incompatible
..
...
35
3.1.5 - ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ Interaction hôte compatible
...
35
-2 . ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ 5
...
...
35
1.2.5 - ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻟﺍ
...
...
. 35
2.2.5 - ﺽﺭﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻟﺍ
...
...
...
36
1.2.2.5
-
ﻥﻴﻠﻴﺘﻹﺍ Ethylène
...
...
38
iv
2.2.2.5 -
ﻙﻴﻨﻭﻤﺴﺎﺠﻟﺍ acide jasmonique
...
...
..
38
3.2.2.5 -
ﻙﻴﻠﺴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺽﻤﺤ Acide salicylique
...
...
38
-III ﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻟﺍ
-1 ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ لﺠﻴﺠ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟ
...
...
40
2 - ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
...
40
1.2 - ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ
...
...
...
40
2.2 - ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
...
...
...
41
-
3.2ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
...
...
..
41
-3 ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ
...
...
...
41
1.3 - ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ
...
...
41
2.3 - ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ...
...
42
3.3 - ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ
...
...
43
4 - ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘ
...
...
...
43
5 - ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ...
...
...
44
6 - ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ
T.viride ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻏ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
) وPDA V8 ( ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍﻭ
...
...
45
1.6 - ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ )
وPDA V8 ( ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺍ ...
...
45
1.1.6 - ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ
...
...
45
2.1.6 - ﺔﻀﻭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ pH
...
...
45
6.2 - ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ )
وPDA V8 ( ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ
...
...
...
45
7 - ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ
T.viride ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ
...
46
1.7 - ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ )
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ (
ﺭﻁﻔﻟ T.viride ﺎﻴﺭﺒﺨﻤ
in vitro ...
46
2.7 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ T.viride
لﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ in vivo
...
47
1.2.7 - ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﺸ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ
...
...
47
2.2.7 - ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﺕﻼﺘﺸﻟﺍ F.roseum
...
...
48
1.2.2.7 -
ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﻲﻤﻭﺜﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ F.roseum
...
....
48
ﺭﻁﻔﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻭﺜﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﺸ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
...
48
ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻭﺜﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ
...
49
v
3.7 - ﺽﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ
...
...
49
4.7 - ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﻲﻤﻭﺜﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ
Trichoderma viride
...
49
1.4.7 - ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ
ﺭﻁﻔﺒ T.viride ﺩﻌﺒ
14 ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
F.roseum
...
...
...
49
ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ v ﺭﻁﻓ
T.viride ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
...
50
ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ v ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ
ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺭﻁﻓ
T.viride ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ
...
...
...
50
8 - ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ F.roseum
ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ
...
50
9 - ﻲﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ
...
...
.
51-
IV ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ-
1 لﺯﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ...
...
...
52
1.1 - ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
52
-
2.1 ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ...
...
...
53
-
3.1ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ......
...
55
-2 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ T.viride
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻏ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ )
ﻭ PDA V8 ( ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍﻭ ...
...
...
62
1.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ T.viride
ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻏ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ )
ﻭ PDA V8 ( ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻊﻤ
ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻟﺍ .
...
...
...
62
-2.2 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ T.viride
ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻏ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ )
ﻭ PDA V8 ( ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻀﻭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ
...
...
...
66
-
3.2 ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ T.virideﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻏ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ )
ﻭ PDA V8 ( ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍ ...
72
1.3.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ PDA
ﻍ0 / ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻭ ﻍ0 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
72
2.3.2
-
ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ PDA
ﻍ01 / ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻭ ﻍ 01 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
73
3.3.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ PDA
ﻍ02 / ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻭ ﻍ02 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
74
4.3.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ V8
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻍ0
/ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻭ ﻍ0 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
75
5.3.2
-
ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ V8
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻍ01
/ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
vi
ﻭ ﻍ01 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
76
6.3.2 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ V8
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻍ02
/ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻭ ﻍ 02 / ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل
...
...
77
-
3ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
80
1.3
ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
-ﺎﻴﺭﺒﺨﻤ
...
...
80
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
...
...
..
81
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
...
...
...
85
ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
...
...
...
90
-
2.3 لﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ...
...
97
1.2.3 - ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ F.roseum
...
...
97
ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ v ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ F.roseum
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ...
97
ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ v F.roseum
ﺵﺭﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
...
103
2.2.3
-
ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ T.virideﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ 14
ﻔ
ﺭﻁ
ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
...
109
ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ v ﺒﻔ
ﺭﻁ F.roseum ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
...
110
ﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ v ﻔ
ﺭﻁ F.roseum ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ
...
...
...
113
-4 ﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ
...
118
-
V ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ...
...
...
120
-
VI ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﻷﺍ ......
. 125
-VII ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ
...
...
...
126
ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ
viii
لﻭﺩﺠ :
1ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻟﺍ ...
. ...
..
....
..
...
. ...
10
لﻭﺩﺠ :
2ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ...
...
. ..
..
...
....
60
لﻭﺩﺠ :
3ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ...
. ..
..
..
...
...
61
لﻭﺩﺠ :
4ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ...
...
..
...
...
....
62
لﻭﺩﺠ :
5ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻔﻟ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺫ
PDA5 pH
ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻡ
25.
°...
...
...
..
70
ﻭﺩﺠ ل :
6ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻔﻟ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ
V8ﺕﺍﺫ
5 pHﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻡ
25..
°...
...
..
..
70
لﻭﺩﺠ :
7ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻔﻟ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺫ
PDA9pH
ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻡ
25.
°...
...
. ...
...
71
لﻭﺩﺠ :
8ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻔﻟ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ
V8ﺕﺍﺫ
9pHﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻡ
25..
°...
. ...
..
..
71
لﻭﺩﺠ :
9ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍ
PDAﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻜ
ﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺯﻭ ﺩ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻡ
25°
ﻭ 5
pH...
.....
...
. ...
79
لﻭﺩﺠ :
10ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻟﺍ
ﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻜ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺯﻭ ﻭﻴ
21ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡ ﻡ
25°
ﻭ 5
pH...
...
...
...
. ...
...
80
لﻭﺩﺠ :
11ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻀﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ )
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ (
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺏﺴﻨ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ..
...
...
94
لﻭﺩﺠ :
12ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻀﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ )
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ (
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ
ﺩﻌﺒ ﺏﺴﻨ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
....
95
لﻭﺩﺠ :
13ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺔﻀﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
) ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ
( لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﻨ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ix
لﻭﺩﺠ :
14ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ
F.roseum...
...
...
..
. ..
..
.
101ﺭﻁﻓ ﺽﺭﻤ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ F.roseum
ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ )
ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ( ...
...
102
لﻭﺩﺠ :
16ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14ﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺔ
F.roseumﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ...
. ...
.
106ﺭﻁﻓ ﺽﺭﻤ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ F.roseum
ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ )
ﻁ ﺵﺭ ﺔﻘﻴﺭ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ (
...
107
لﻭﺩﺠ :
18ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ
T.virideﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ .
..
..
...
..
113
لﻭﺩﺠ :
19ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ
) ﻡﺴ ( ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22ﺭﻁﻔﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ
T.virideﻥﻋ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ...
..
..
....
...
...
116
x
لﻜﺸ :
1ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤ ...
...
...
..
...
...
5
لﻜﺸ :
2ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ...
...
...
...
...
7
لﻜﺸ :
3ﺭﻁﻓ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ
F.roseum...
...
...
...
...
16
لﻜﺸ :
4ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ
Fusarium...
...
....
...
...
....
19
لﻜﺸ :
5ﺭﻁﻓ ﺎﻔﻴﻬﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﺇ
Fusa rium....
...
...
...
20
لﻜﺸ :
6ﺽﺭﻤ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ
fusarioseﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ...
..
...
...
...
21
لﻜﺸ :
7ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
PDA°ﻡ
25...
....
..
26
لﻜﺸ :
8ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ
T.viride...
..
...
..
.
28لﻜﺸ :
9ﺭﻁﻓ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﻔﻁﺘﻟﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ
Trichoderma...
. ...
..
....
31
لﻜﺸ :
10ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﻔﻁﺘﻟﺍ
Trichodermaﻭ
Rhizoctonia solani .....
.
31لﻜﺸ :
11ﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎ ....
...
. ...
.
39لﻜﺸ :
12لﺠﻴﺠ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ...
. ...
...
...
40
لﻜﺸ :
13ﺕﺴﻭﺴﺎﺘ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ...
...
...
..
....
41
لﻜﺸ :
14لﺯﻋ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ...
...
...
. ....
42
لﻜﺸ :
15ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ...
...
..
....
...
42
لﻜﺸ :
16ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ...
...
...
....
....
43
لﻜﺸ :
17ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ
T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍﻭ
...
PDA.
...
....
...
47
لﻜﺸ :
18ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﻘﻌﻤ لﺎﺒﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻤﻘﻌﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﺸ ﻭﻤﻨ
ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ...
...
. ...
. ..
48
لﻜﺸ :
19لﻜﺸ :
20لﻜﺸ :
21لﻜﺸ :
22لﻜﺸ :
22لﻜﺸ
23ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
. ...
...
.
50ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻟ
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌ ...
54
ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ...
...
57
ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ...
..
...
58
ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ
ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ لﻜﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﺃ )
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ
ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟﺍﻭ (
...
. ...
60
xi
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ
°
25ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6...
...
..
...
..
64
لﻜﺸ :
25لﻜﺸ :
26ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﻜﺴﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ
T.viride...
. ...
...
..
...
...
64
ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻟﺍ
ﻭ
PDA V8ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻡ
25° ﻭ
pHﺩﻌﺒ
5ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6...
65
لﻜﺸ :
27ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ
T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
) ﻭ
PDA V8( ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ
°
5ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6...
. ...
...
...
66
ﺸ لﻜ :
28ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ
T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
) ﻭ
PDA V8( ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ
°
37ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
67
لﻜﺸ :
29ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ
T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺍﺫ
PDA 5 pHﻭ
9ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
°
25ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
69
لﻜﺸ :
30لﻜﺸ :
31ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻓﺭﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8
ﺕﺍﺫ
5 pHﻭ
9ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
°
25ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6...
...
. ...
...
..
...
70
ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻟﺍ
ﻭ
PDA V8ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ
pH 9ﻡ
25° ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6...
70
لﻜﺸ :
32لﻜﺸ :
33ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ
PDAﻍ
0/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل
ﻍ
0/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
. ...
..
.
73ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
PDAﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻍ
0/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
0/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
73
لﻜﺸ :
34لﻜﺸ :
35ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ
PDAﻍ
1/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
1/ ل
ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ
ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
. ...
..
.
74ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
PDAﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻍ
1/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
1/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
74
xii
لﻜﺸ :
37ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
. ....
..
...
. ..
.
75ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ
T.viride
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
PDAﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻍ
2/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
2/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
75
لﻜﺸ :
38لﻜﺸ :
39ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﻍ
0/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
0/ ل
ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
. ..
. ...
.
77ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
ﻍ
0/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
0/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
77
لﻜﺸ :
40لﻜﺸ :
41ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﻍ
1/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
1/ ل
ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
...
....
78
ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
ﻍ
1/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
1/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
78
لﻜﺸ
42لﻜﺸ :
43ﺭﻁﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﻍ
2/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
2/ ل
ﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟ
ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14....
....
. ...
...
79
ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
T.virideﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
V8ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ
ﻍ
2/ ﻭ ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ل ﻍ
2/ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ل ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
21ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
79
لﻜﺸ :
44ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
P.variableﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
...
. ...
83
لﻜﺸ :
45ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Aspergillus sp2ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨ
...
. ...
...
...
....
83
لﻜﺸ :
46ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Aspergillus sp4ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
....
...
..
...
84
لﻜﺸ :
47ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Trichoderma sp1ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
..
...
...
....
.
85
xiii
لﻜﺸ :
49لﻜﺸ :
50ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
..
...
...
...
85
ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ
...
...
. ...
85
ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ )
ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻊﻤ
T.viride
(
...
. ...
...
....
86
لﻜﺸ :
51ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Epicoccum sp2ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
..
...
...
...
. ...
88
لﻜﺸ :
52ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Trichoderma sp1ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
...
...
...
..
88
لﻜﺸ :
53ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Epicoccum sp1ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
...
. ...
...
. ..
89
لﻜﺸ :
54ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
F.roseumﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
..
...
...
...
...
89
لﻜﺸ :
55لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻬﺠﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ )
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ (
ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻠﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ
T.virideﻓ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻫ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻁ
F.roseum
ﺭﻴﺒﻜﺘ
×
40..
100...
...
...
...
90
لﻜﺸ :
56ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Pythium spﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
90
لﻜﺸ :
57ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Ulocladium sp4ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
. ...
...
..
91
لﻜﺸ :
58لﻜﺸ :
59لﻜﺸ :
60ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.virideﻭ
Scytalidium sp2ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
....
. ..
...
. ...
..
91
ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ
ﺭﻁﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ
T.virideﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ...
....
....
...
...
..
92
ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ )
ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻊﻤ
T.viride
(
...
. ...
92
لﻜﺸ :
61ﺭﻁﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ
T.viride
ﻭ
Acremonium sp
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ
PDAﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ
6ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
. ...
..
....
...
94
xiv
لﻜﺸ :
63 T.virideﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ
...
...
...
95
ﺔﻴﺭﻁﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ )
ﻡﻠﻤ ( ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ )
ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻊﻤ
T.viride
(
...
. ...
95
لﻜﺸ :
64ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺫ
ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭ
F.roseumﺩﻌﺒ
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
...
...
. ...
...
. ...
101
لﻜﺸ :
65ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ
F.roseumﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟ
ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
...
...
....
...
..
. ..
102
لﻜﺸ :
66لﻜﺸ :
67ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ
F.roseumﺩﻌﺒ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ...
....
. ...
..
...
..
...
...
..
102
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ
ﺭﻁﻓ
F.roseumﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
...
. ...
103
لﻜﺸ :
68ﻤﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻭ
F.roseum
ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14....
. ...
...
106
لﻜﺸ :
69ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ
F.roseumﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14...
...
...
. ...
..
107
لﻜﺸ :
70لﻜﺸ :
71ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ
F.roseum
ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
14ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ...
. ...
. ...
...
...
107
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺤﻘﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ
ﺭﻁﻓ
F.roseumﻊﻤ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ...
108
لﻜﺸ :
72ﻨ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒ
T.viride
ﺩﻌﺒ
ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22...
..
. ...
...
.
112لﻜﺸ :
73ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﺨﺍ
F.roseumﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ
T.viride...
..
...
..
...
...
..
112
لﻜﺸ
:
74ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
xv
لﻜﺸ :
75ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ...
...
...
. ...
. ...
113
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
...
. ...
....
113
لﻜﺸ :
76ﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎ
T.viride
ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22..
..
. ...
115
لﻜﺸ :
77ﺭﻁﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﺨﺍ
F.roseumﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ
T.viride...
. ...
...
...
115
لﻜﺸ :
78لﻜﺸ :
79ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ
ﺭﻁﻓ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ
T.virideﺩﻌﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴ
22ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ...
...
...
...
...
...
116
ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻁ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ )
ﻡﺴ ( ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﻡﻴﺜﺍﺭﺠﺒ
ﺭﻁﻓ
T.virideﻥﻋ
ﻊﻤ ﻱﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ
ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻟﺍ ...
117
لﻜﺸ :
80ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺒﻭﻜﺴﻭﺭﻜﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ
F.roseum. ...
...
...
. ..
119
لﻜﺸ :
81ﺭﻁﻓ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻲﺒﻭﻜﺴﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ
F.roseum....
....
...
. ....
..
..
..
..
119
Et : éthylène
JA : acide jasmonique SA : acide salicylique PDA: potato dextrose agar pH: potential hydrogen
CWDE: cell wal degrading enzymes
IMWIC: international maize and wheat improvement MAMPs: microb – associated molecular patterns BYDR: barly yellow dwarf virus
IBC: international business communication
ClMMYT: création, maintien et multiplication de variétés de maïs à fécondation libre PR - proteins: pathogenisis related proteins
Avr: avirulence - race R: résistance
HR: hypersensible
FAO: food and agricultural organization
V8: végétale soup, est un mélange de jus de 08 végétale (betterave, carotte, céleri, cresson, épinard, laitue, persil et tomate).
