EU/03/5035226A E81507R
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȼɈɁ
ɄɊȺɌɄɂɃ ȾɈɄɅȺȾ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ
Scherfigsvej 8, 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
2003 ɝ.
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ ȼɈɁ ɜ 2000ɝɨɞɭ,ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɭɸ ɢ
ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ 1994ɢ 1999ɝɝ.
ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ.ɐɟɥɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ,ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ,ɝɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.Ɉɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ (ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ)ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ (ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ).
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ
COMPARATIVE STUDY NUTRITION POLICY DATA COLLECTION HEALTH PLANNING EUROPE
EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE, SOUTHERN
COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES BALTIC STATES
Ɂɚɹɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɜ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ
publicationrequests@who.dk;ɡɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɜpermissions@who.dk,ɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ – ɜpubrights@who.dk;ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark (ɬɟɥ.:
+45 3917 1717;ɮɚɤɫ: +45 3917 1818;ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬ:http://www.euro.who.int).
©ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, 2003ɝ.
ȼɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ.ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚɹɜɤɢ ɨ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ.Ɍɚɦ,ɝɞɟ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
"ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ (ɪɚɣɨɧ)",ɨɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ.ɉɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ,ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ.
ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ,ɱɬɨ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ,ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ,ɢ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ,ɩɨɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.Ɇɧɟɧɢɹ,ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ,ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɋɬɪ.
ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ...1
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ...2
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ...4
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ...7
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ...7
Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ...12
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ (ɂɆɌ) ...14
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ...16
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ...17
ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ...17
ɋɬɪɚɧɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ...20
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ...22
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ...24
ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ...26
ɋɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ...29
ɘɠɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ...32
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ...34
Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ...37
Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ...40
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ...41
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ...41
Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ...42
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ...44
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ...45
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.ɊɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹEUR/RC50/R8...46
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 1
ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ".Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɧɭɬɪɢɰɢɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ Carina Madsen ɢ Cecile Knai.
ȼɵɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ,ɜɟɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ,ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ.
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ
ȼ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ȼɈɁ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ - ɱɥɟɧɵ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ (51 ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ),ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɧɚ
2000–2005ɝɝ.ȼ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɉɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɧɚ 2000–2005 ɝɝ.ɢ ɞɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ,ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 2006 ɝ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ,ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɢɞɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɤɟ ɞɧɹ.ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ - ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȼɈɁ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ 1994 ɢ 1999 ɝɝ.ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.ɐɟɥɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ – ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ.ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ:ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ ɜ 1994–1995 ɢ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.,ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ (ɂɆɌ)ɢ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ - ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȼɈɁ,ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ1ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ.
ʄ 16ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ,ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ʄ 28ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ.
ʄ 36ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ.
ʄ 27ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ʄ 17ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.
ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ,ɝɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ
1ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,Ɇɚɥɶɬɚ, 8–10ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1999ɝ.
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 3
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ,ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚɦɢ,ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɤɚɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ:
x ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɨɜ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ɜ 1994-1995 ɢ 1998-1999 ɝɝ.
x ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɂɆɌ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
"ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ɜ 1998/1999 ɝɨɞɚɯ.
x ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ɜ 1999 ɝ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2000 ɝ.ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ȼɈɁ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ - ɱɥɟɧɵ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ (51 ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ),ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɧɚ
2000–2005ɝɝ.ȼ ɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ-ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɉɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɧɚ 2000–
2005ɝɝ.ɢ ɞɨɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɦ ɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ,ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 2006 ɝ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ,ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɢɞɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɤɟ ɞɧɹ.ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ - ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȼɈɁ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ 1994 ɢ 1999 ɝɝ.ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ.ɐɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ.ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ - ɱɥɟɧɵ ȼɈɁ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ:ɘɝɨ- ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ (ɘȼȿ),Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ,ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ (ɊɋȺ),ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ (ɐȼȿ),ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ (ɋɇȽ), ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɘɠɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ (ɘȿ)ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ (Ɂȿ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ - ɱɥɟɧɵ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ,ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɘȼȿ Ȼɚɥɬɢɹ ɊɋȺ ɐȼȿ ɋɇȽ ɋɟɜ.
ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
ɘȿ Ɂȿ
Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɹ Ȼɨɫɧɢɹ ɢ Ƚɟɪɰɟɝɨɜɢɧɚ ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɹ Ȼɵɜɲɚɹ ɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɢɹ ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɗɫɬɨɧɢɹ Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ Ʌɢɬɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɍɚɞɠɢɤɢɫɬɚɧ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɑɟɲɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ȼɟɧɝɪɢɹ ɉɨɥɶɲɚ Ɋɭɦɵɧɢɹ ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɹ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɨɥɞɨɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
Ⱦɚɧɢɹ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ ɂɫɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɒɜɟɰɢɹ
Ⱥɧɞɨɪɪɚ Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ Ɇɚɥɶɬɚ Ɇɨɧɚɤɨ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ ɋɚɧ- Ɇɚɪɢɧɨ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ Ɍɭɪɰɢɹ
Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɹ Ʌɸɤɫɟɦɛɭɪɝ ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ:ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ -ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȼɈɁ ɜ 1994–1995 ɢ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.,ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ (ɂɆɌ)ɢ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȼɈɁ,
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 5
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ2, ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ȼɈɁ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ “Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ – ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ,ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ”.ɗɬɨɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ:ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ,ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ,ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɘɠɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ.ȼ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ,ɜ ɫɟɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɯ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ 28 ɫɬɪɚɧ (ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ).
ɋɬɪɚɧɵ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ:ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɢ,ɜ ɢɸɧɟ 2000 ɝ.,ɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢ,Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ, Ȼɨɫɧɢɢ ɢ Ƚɟɪɰɟɝɨɜɢɧɵ,ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɢ,ȼɟɧɝɪɢɢ,ɉɨɥɶɲɢ,ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɢ Ȼɵɜɲɟɣ ɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɢɢ.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɑɟɲɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ, Ɋɭɦɵɧɢɢ,ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ ɢ ɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ,ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ 2001 ɝ.Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɢ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2002 ɝ.ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɟ 12 ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ 2002 ɝ.ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɢɸ ɉɚɤɬɚ ɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘȼȿ,ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ “Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ- ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ”.ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ.
ɋɬɪɚɧɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ:ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɡ ɗɫɬɨɧɢɢ,Ʌɚɬɜɢɢ ɢ Ʌɢɬɜɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ (Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ,ɚɜɝɭɫɬ 2000 ɝ.).ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ,ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɢɸɧɟ 2001 ɝ.,ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ.Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɗɫɬɨɧɢɢ ɜ ɢɸɧɟ 2002 ɝ.ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɟ ɗɫɬɨɧɢɹ,Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ ɢ Ʌɢɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
2ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,Ɇɚɥɶɬɚ, 8–10ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1999ɝ.
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ (Ⱦɚɧɢɹ,Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ,ɂɫɥɚɧɞɢɹ,ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɢ ɒɜɟɰɢɹ)ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ,ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ɇɚ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ.ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ (2002–2005 ɝɝ.).
ɘɠɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ:ȼ ɦɚɪɬɟ 2002 ɝ.ɜ Ɋɢɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ Ⱥɧɞɨɪɪɵ,Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ,ɂɡɪɚɢɥɹ,ɂɬɚɥɢɢ, Ɇɚɥɶɬɵ,ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ,ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ:ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ȿɊȻ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ,ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.ȼ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ 2000 ɝ.ɞɟɥɟɝɚɬɵ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 20 ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ (ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ)Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɸ.Ⱦɜɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
(Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ)ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ (ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ “ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ”,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɇɉɉɉ)ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȼɈɁ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ 2002 ɝ.ɉɨɥɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɇɉɉɉ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ,ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ “ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ”.
ɇɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ (ɇɂɁ).
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɇɂɁ,ɤɚɤ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ,ɪɚɤ,ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɹ, ɨɠɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ,ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɇɚɥɢɰɨ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ɗɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɇɂɁ,ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɚɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ,ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɟɠɢɦɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɚɦɢ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.Ʉɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɨɛɪɢɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ.Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ.
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 7
ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ 2002 ɝ.ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.ɂɡ 48 ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, 25ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɇɉɉɉ; 8 ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ,ɥɢɛɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ; 6 ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ,ɚ 9 ɫɬɪɚɧ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɇɉɉɉ.ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 2006 ɝ.
ɋɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ,Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ,ɮɟɜɪɚɥɶ 2003 ɝ.
ɋɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ȿɋ,ɞɚɥɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
ȼɫɟ 50 ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ - ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȼɈɁ, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɵ ɜ Ƚɪɟɰɢɸ ɜ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2003 ɝ.ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ (ɫɦ.
ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼɈɁ,Ⱥɮɢɧɵ, 28ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ – 2 ɦɚɪɬɚ 2003 ɝ.).Ⱥɮɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ,ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ,ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 2006 ɝ.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ,ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ (ɂɆɌ)ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ:ɜ 1994–1995 ɢ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 2 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.ȼ 1994-1995 ɝɝ.ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɥɢ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,ɚ ɜ 1998-1999 ɝɝ. – 40 ɢɡ 50 ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 3 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ (ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
[ɘȼȿ],ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ,ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ [ɊɋȺ],ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
[ɐȼȿ],ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ [ɋɇȽ],ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ [ɋȿ],ɘɠɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
[ɘȿ],Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ [Ɂȿ])ɢɦɟɥɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ 1999 ɝ.
1. 29ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ,ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ;
2. 16ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ;
3. 28ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ;
4. 26ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ,ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ,ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
5. 28ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ,ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɥɢɰɚɦ,ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ.Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ.
Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1994–1999 ɝɝ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 4 ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ,ɱɟɦ ɜ 1994–1995 ɝɝ.,ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɨ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ.ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ,ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.,ɛɵɥ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ ɐȼȿ.ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɘɠɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɜ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ,ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ,ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 1994–1995 ɝɝ.ȼ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.ɥɢɲɶ 16 ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ- ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ.
Ɉ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ 1994–1995ɝɝ.ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɜ 1998–1999 ɝɝ.Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (68% ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ).ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ
ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦ,ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɐȼȿ ɢ ɊɋȺ.
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 9
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɢ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ - ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȼɈɁ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ
1994-95ɝɝ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ 1998-99ɝɝ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ 1994-95ɝɝ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ 1998-99ɝɝ.
ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɏ
Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɹ ɏ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɏ
Ȼɨɫɧɢɹ ɢ Ƚɟɪɰɟɝɨɜɢɧɚ ɏ ɋɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ
ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɹ ɏ ɏ Ⱦɚɧɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥ.Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɢɹ ɏ ɏ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɏ ɂɫɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɋɬɪɚɧɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɗɫɬɨɧɢɹ ɏ ɏ ɒɜɟɰɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ ɏ ɏ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
Ʌɢɬɜɚ ɏ ɏ Ⱥɧɞɨɪɪɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɏ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥ. ɏ ɏ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶ ɏ
Ɍɚɞɠɢɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɏ Ɇɚɥɶɬɚ ɏ ɏ
Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ Ɇɨɧɚɤɨ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɏ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɐȼȿ ɋɚɧ-Ɇɚɪɢɧɨ
Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɏ ɏ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ ɏ
ɑɟɲɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɏ ɏ Ɍɭɪɰɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ȼɟɧɝɪɢɹ ɏ ɏ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ
ɉɨɥɶɲɚ ɏ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ ɏ
Ɋɭɦɵɧɢɹ ɏ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɹ ɏ ɏ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɏ ɏ
ɋɇȽ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɹ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɏ ɏ Ʌɸɤɫɟɦɛɭɪɝ ɏ ɏ
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɏ ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ ɏ ɏ
Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɏ ɏ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɨɥɞɨɜɚ ɏ ɋɨɟɞ.Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɏ ɏ
ȼɋȿȽɈ 33 40
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɧɚ 1999 ɝ.) ɋɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧ
(ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɧ) Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟ- ɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢ- ɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɬɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ,ɩɨɦɨ- ɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ- ɫɬɜɭ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
Ɇɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞ- ɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɪɟ- ɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬ- ɜɨɦ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬ- ɜɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ɘȼȿ (5) 4 2 2 4 5
Ȼɚɥɬɢɹ (3) 2 1 2 1 1
ɊɋȺ (5) 3 2 2 3 3
ɐȼȿ (6) 4 3 2 4 4
ɋɇȽ (7) 3 1 2 2 3
ɋɟɜ.ȿɜɪɨɩɚ (5) 4 1 5 3 2
ɘȿ (10) 4 4 6 4 4
Ɂȿ (9) 5 2 7 5 6
ȼɫɟɝɨ 29 16 28 26 28
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ:ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ ȼɈɁ,ɪɚɡɨɫɥɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦ (ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɢ 40ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɡ 50).
ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ.ȼ 1999 ɝ.ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ 36 ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ- ɱɥɟɧɨɜ (90%ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ).Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɷɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ.ȼ 1999 ɝ. 83% ɨɬɜɟɬɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɧɚ 13% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 1995 ɝ.ȼ 1995ɝ.ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ 1999ɝ.ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɜ 1999 ɝ.,ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 1995 ɝ.Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ - ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɢɡ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɐȼȿ ɢ ɊɋȺ.
EU/03/5035226A ɫɬɪ. 11 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4. Ɉɛɡɨɪɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɢɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯȼɈɁɜɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1994-1999 ɝɨɞɨɜ3 ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵȾɚ 1994-95 1998-99
ɇɟɬ 1994-95 1998-99
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 1994-95 1998-99 ɉɈɅɂɌɂɄȺ,ɉɅȺɇȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɃɂɅɂɋɌɊȺɌȿȽɂəȼɈȻɅȺɋɌɂɉɂɓȿȼɕɏɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼɂɉɂɌȺɇɂə ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹɥɢɜɫɬɪɚɧɟ (ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ)ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ,ɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ,ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ,ɜɟɞɚɸɳɢɦɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ4 ?24289101712 ɄɈɇɋɍɅɖɌȺɌɂȼɇȺəɂɅɂȺȾɆɂɇɂɋɌɊȺɌɂȼɇȺəɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɚɥɢɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ,ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɚɹɡɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɢɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ?21181181824 ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹɥɢɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɫɨɜɟɬɩɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ/ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ/ɨɪɝɚɧ,ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɣɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣɥɢɰɚɦ,ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭɜɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯɫɬɪɚɧɵ?25278101713 ɂɦɟɟɬɥɢɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɨɪɝɚɧɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɫɜɨɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɢɥɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ (ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɨɰɟɥɹɯɢɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ)?1717772626 ɂɦɟɟɬɥɢɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɨɪɝɚɧɛɸɞɠɟɬ,ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɟɝɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ?-16-10-24 ɆȿɀɈɌɊȺɋɅȿȼɈȿɋɈɌɊɍȾɇɂɑȿɋɌȼɈ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ,ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɡɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ,ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɫɛɵɬɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨɮɨɪɦɟɩɨɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ?
25266101914 ɉɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɥɢɜɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨɮɨɪɦɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɩɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ,ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ?-27-9-14 ɉɊɂɆȿɊɕȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɃȼɋɎȿɊȿɇɈɊɆȺɌɂȼɇɈȽɈɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹɥɢɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ)?2936411713 ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɥɢɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10ɥɟɬɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ)ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ?24249121714 ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹɥɢɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢɩɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ (ɢɥɢɧɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ) ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢɩɨɜɵɛɨɪɭɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɢɥɢɛɟɡɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ?23331031714 3 Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟɢɡɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɨɜ,ɩɪɢɫɥɚɧɧɵɯɜȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɛɸɪɨȼɈɁ,Ʉɨɩɟɧɝɚɝɟɧ,ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢɜ 1994-1995ɝɝ. (ɢɡ 49ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɛɵɥɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ,ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɢ 33ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ-ɱɥɟɧɚ)ɢɜ 1998-99ɝɝ. (ɢɡ 50ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɛɵɥɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ,ɨɬɜɟɬɵɩɪɢɫɥɚɥɢ 40). 4 ɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ,ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ,ɢɥɢɱɚɫɬɶɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ,ɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɣ ɞɟɥɟɝɚɰɢɟɣ,ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɜɲɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟ ȼɈɁ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼɈɁ,ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ Ɇɚɥɶɬɟ 8–10 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1999 ɝ.,ɛɵɥ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.ȼɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ "ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ"ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ 37 ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ (ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ 74%). ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 5 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ 37 ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ⱦɟɥɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ:ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ;ɧɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɢɫɤɚ;ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ,ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɤ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɭ ɩɢɳɢ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɭ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ;ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ,ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ;
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ;ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.ɗɬɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ,ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ.Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ,ɧɟ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɜ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɟ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɤ,ɱɬɨ,ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ,ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɧɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ.Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ-ɱɥɟɧɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,ɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ.ɉɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɭɬɪɢɟɧɬɨɜ – ɣɨɞɚ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, – ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ,ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɢ.ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ ɢ ɋɇȽ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɦɚɥɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ,ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ,ɱɬɨ ɧɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ,ɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ.ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ,ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɞɢ.ɇɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ,ɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɬɚɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ.ȼɨ
