Division of Building Research participation in joint tests on cement by the R.I.L.E.M. method: investigation of a standard cement test

(1)

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Division of Building Research participation in joint tests on cement by the R.I.L.E.M. method: investigation of a standard cement test

(2)

D I V I S I O N O F B U I L D I N G R E S E A R C H P A R T I C I P A T I O N I N

JOINT

T E S T S ON CEMENT BY

THE

R.I.L.E.M. METHOD ( I n v e s t i g a t i o n of a S t a n d a r d C e m e n t T e s t )

by H.C.

Evans

and

E.G.

S w e n s o n

NOT F O R P U B L I C A T I O N .

--

--- NATIONAL R E S E A R C H C O U N C I L CANADA R e s e a r c h R e p o r t No. $2 o f t h e D i v i s i o n o f Building R e s e a r c h I

I

O t t a w a N o v e m b e r

1953

i

I

.---

I

--

-- - ---

-

-- ---.

(3)

D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Re s e a l h c h P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n J o i n t T e s t s o n Cement b y t h e

R.I.L.E.M.

Method

--

( I n v e s t i g a t i o n of a S t a n d a r d Cement T e s t ) b y H.C. Evans and E.G. Swenson

T h i s t e s t was c a r r i e d o u t by t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h a l o n g w i t h o t h e r l a b o r a t o r i e s i n v a r i o u s p a r t s of Europe a t t h e r e q u e s t of M . R . L r H e r m i t e , D i r e c t o r o f t h e Union o f L a b o r a t o r i e s of R e s e a r c h and T e s t i n g of M a t e r i a l s and S t r u c t u r e s , a p r i v a t e i n t e r n a t i o 2 a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , T h i s 4s t h e f o u r t h t e s t i n t h e j o i n t s e r i e s on cement by t h e R . 1 .L.X.M. method and t h e f i r s t t e s t i n which t h e D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h h a s p a r t i c i p a t e d .

O u t l i n e OF T e s t

-

( 1 ) F i n e n e s s of cement a s d e t e r m i n e d by t h e B l a i n e

A i r - p e r m e a b i l i t y Method. (The cement specimen s e n t t o t h e D i v i s i o n i s r e f e r r e d t o a s E.N.C.I. ( N e t h e r l a n d s ) . ) ( 2 ) R e c o n s t i t u t i o n of Reunion Sand No, 2 t o g i v e t h e

r e q u i r e d g r a y n - s i z e c u r v e . ( A sample of t h i s s a n d was s e n t t o t h e D i v i s i o n b y

M.

L ? ~ e r m i t e . )

( 3 )

R e c o n s t i t u t i o n and m i n e r a l cornposition of A r n p r i o r Sand. ( T h i s i s t h e " l o c a l ' s s a n d chosen i n a c c o r d a n c e with t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s i n t h e method. )

( 4 )

M o r t a r B a r T e s t ( a ) b l o r t a r b a r made w i t h Reunion Sand N o : 2 ( b ) M o r t a r b a r made w i t h A r n r r i o r Sand

No. 2.

These i n c l u d e f l e x u r a l and c o m p r e s s i v e 1.ondings t o f a f l u r e a t

3,

7,

and 20 d a y s .

(4)

P r e p a r a t i o n of Apparatus Moulds ( F l g . 2 )

Two six-gauge moulds were f a b r i c a t e d u s i n g a c a s t i n g a s t h e base p l a t e and c o l d - r o l l e d s t e e l f o r a l l o t h e r p a r t s . The moulds were d e s i ned t o produce m o r t a r b a r s o f t h e r e q u i r e d s i z e ( 4 0 by 40 by 1 0 vtm. ). S p e c i f i c a t i o n s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e w a l l ? of t h e moulds be 10

mm.

t h i c k . A l l e x t e r i o r w a l l s were t h i c k e r than 1 0

mn.

The i n t e r i o r d i v i d e r s were 0.5 mm. under

s i z e . The t o p p i e c e made of b i r c h was s o c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t t h e d i v i d e r s could be removed f o r e a s y c l e a n i n g . These moulds were designed t o g i v e b a r dimensions i n accordance w i t h t e s t

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . The tamper

The tamper was made u s i n g a b r a s s p l a t e

35

m. square and 1/2 i n c h t h i c k ( 1 2 * 7

mm.).

The handle, a p i e c e of copper p i p e of t h e r e q u i r e d l e n g t h , was s i l v e r - - s o l d e r e d t o t h e b r a s s p l a t e and f i l l e d wj-th l e a d u n t i l t h e tamper weighed 1 kg., a s r e q u i r e d b y s p e c i f S c a t i o n n ,

J i g foil Flexurtii Breaki2&; Fig.

4)

A r e c tailglc was made of I/!+-inch s q u a r e b r a s s . The l e n g t h was such t h a t t h 5 d i s t a n c e between c e n t r e s of t h e

19 mm. r o l l e r s p l a c e d a g a i n s t t h e i n t e r i o r s i d e of t h e end p i e c e s was 106.7 mm. The w i d t h W R S s u f f i c i e n t t o allow c l e a r a n c e f o r

t h e r o l l e r s i c s i d e t h e r e c t a n g l e . A r e c t a n g u l a r p r o j e c t i o n was p l a c e d on t h e o u t s i d e of t h e s i d e p i e c e s so t h a t a v e r t i c a l member he12 a g a i n s t i t - f i u l d p r o p e r l y l o c a t e t h e t h i r d r o l l e r . A member was provided t h a t couid be used i n l i n i n g up t h e t h i r d r o l l e r .

The procedure f o r l o a d i n g was a s f o l l o w s : t h e two lower r o l l e r s were p.i.?ced. a g a i n s t t h e e n d s of t h e r e c t a n g l e , t h e specimen a p p r o x i v q t e l y c e n t r e d on them, t h e t h i r d r o l l e r p l a c e d i n p o s i t i o n a s shown

i n

F i g .

5

and t h e p r e s s brought t o b e a r on t h e t h i r d r o l l e r . The a p p a r a t u s t h a t was used t o l o c a t e it was t h e n removed and t h e specimen loaded t o f a i l u r e .

J i g f o r Compressive Loading

The purpose of t h i s j i g i s t o h o l d t h e

40

mm. p l a t e s a f i x e d d i s t a n c e from t h e end o f t h e b a r and a t r i g h t a n g l e s . t o

(5)

Method

(1) Specif'ic s u r f ace a r e a measurement was c a r r i e d

o u t

u s i n g t h e B l a i n e A i r - p e r m e a b i l i t y a p p a r a t u s . The A.S.T.M, nrocedure was f o l l o w e d d u r i n g the t e s t .

( 2 ) Recons.i;itut,ion of Reunion Sand No. 2.

rv T a.?.nci was s u p p l i e d ~n t w : , f r a c t i o n s t h a t h e l d on 315.. t o 1700- a r l 3 on

80-

t c 3 1 5 - m i c ~ o n zieveo. In t h e s p e c i f i - c a t l o n s f o r tho 2 e s t 1.~. ,:as r e c o ~ m e n d e d t h ~ t the sand be mixed i n b a t c h e z 36

150

_?TI- jsnouph f o r

3

h a r s ) ss f o l l o w s :

1125 gm. of' s a n d r e z a l n e d on

31s-

t o 1700-micron s i e v e 375 gm. 3f zeind r s - b ~ l n e d on

80-

t o 315-micron s i e v e A grnir_.-sfzc a n a l y s i s was run .2n a sample of t h i s 1500

gm.

sing

74-,

147,...

590-, 1.000-, and 1 6 3 0 - i ~ I c ~ o n s i e v e s , I t

was lsequired thn:.

tX<-

,<-~:;.i.n-- Y 2 . w curcr: l i e w i t h i n -the zon.3

i n d i c a t e $ - on the g r a p h , Xi; war P 0 1 i i ~ l t h e t the recoalmended methad of b l e n d i n g t h e . salid d l u nc.2 ~ r o d u c e 2 g r a i n - s i z e curve t h a t lay

i n s i d e t h e r e q u i r e d Tone- ('The n c t u a i curve i s g i v e n on t h e g r a p h ) , T h e o n t i r e c..m.oun.i; c j T F i e ~ ~ n i o n Sand No, 2 was t h e r e f o r e s i e v e d i n t o f r g c t i o n s r e t a i n e d on

74-,

147-,

500-, 1000-, and 1680-micron s i e v e s T h e s o were t h e n b l e ~ d e d . f o qive tho r e q u i r e d g r a i n - s i z e curve. T h e g r ? -.n-s1ze c.nalysiz o r t h e r e s u l t i n g mix i s g i v e n on t h e &:!.?.?:I,.

(

3 )

G r i n - % s i z e A n d y s i s tii~d Reconscit.2tion of E q u i v a l e n t L o c ~ l . Z E L : , ~

Amp:-io2 Sand was u s e d f o r t h e s e t e s t s . The s i e v e s i z e s a v a i l a b l e were: 1680, 1 l b 0 , 589, 295, and

147

microns. The f r a c t i o n s r e t a i n e d on t h e s e s i e v e s p l u s the pan f r a c t i o n

were blended. so t k C ; L the g r a i n - s t y e curve l a y v i t h i n t h e r e q u i r e d zone ( s e e graph;

I n t h e case 02' b o t h s ~ n d e t h e f o l l o w i n g pi-ocedure was

c ~ r r i e d out. A l l t k s s r n a needed f o r t h e b a r s waa mixed

~t

one time, T h i s was done t o e n s u r e t h a t the g r a i n - s i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n would be approximately t h e same f o r a l l b a r s , Some of t h e

s i e v e

s i z e s recornn,ended were n o t a v a i l s b l e and t h e f o l l o w i n g s u b s t i t u -

tions were made:

74-micron s i e v e f o r 8 0 - a i c r o n s i e v e 1

t

7-micron s i e v e f o ~ 150-micron s i e v e 1 80-micron s i e v e f o r 1700-micron s i e v e

It was noted t h a t t h e A r n p r i o r Sand had f a r more d u s t o r s i l t ~ d h e r i n g t o the p e r t i . c l e s t h a n d i d t h e Reunion No.

2.

(6)

Xixlng

--

and F a b r i c a t i o n

--

of B n r s

The rnoratal, .des inixcij, I!y hand. iqine b a r s u s i n g e a c h t y p e of s a r d were. made, S I X of e a c h one day and t h e e o f e a c h a n o t h e r . The f c r r w r . g T o u p h i i l l be c a l l e u t h e ''A" g r o u p and t h e

l a t t e r t h e "E," g r o u p . A c o n s t a n t t e n ~ p e r a t u i r e room w n a n o t avai.la'olc :-:.-c th62 ;:equi~:eci t e v p e r c t u r e and h u m i d i t y ( 20°C.

+

'2

and

75

pel.- c e n t 0 ; . g r e R t . e r R . H .

1,

s o t h e b a r s were mixed a 7 t h e

f o l l o w i n g i ~ ~ t n p e l - a t u r e ~ and ~ ~ u m i c ~ i t f e s.

A Group

B Group

The moulding was c a r r i e d o u t accorading t o t h e o u t l l n e of p r o c e d u r e ,

Thc n:adllls v.;F.,.,L. +iqec.sed l;ei o r u ti:e roo;. tar inlns p l a c e d

i n .;:zern

;.n

~ r d e r t,c p r z s + ? - l t i t f ' r o r n t i 3 k . i . t ~ - t o t h e irioulcls. The t o p n i e c e was sn-;:, an she t o p of kyle moultls.. Approximately 200 gm. of m o r t a r 'nl3rE; $i,acz-d ir, e:ici? ..:.I.. t h e i-r~oulia at. 5 t l m . This was

-1 -,

t2.nped. u s i n g .(:he 1-kk; Lznps;.. ~n:; tatnjj.ir was i 3 a i s e d

~ n t i i

it

I I -.,

W H S j u s t b e l u ~ ~ . tile top SJ? . I ; ~ I L I t n p r!isce" 2nd qllowed t o f a l l

cnko t h e iTlOl'.Ldi?. .?:went:: r t r o k e 3 :,were l:a~! I n

k

Y O T ~ ~ S o f

5

s t r o k e s

e v e n l y s ~ s c e t t+.;.ong Lh.5 motilC. k _{sdcoi.ld and a t h i r d l a y e r o f}

m o r t a r were p l c ~ r = o : 2 I r : Liie inoulds and tamped i n a s i m i l a r way.

The t o p piec.3 was i?.:-.t;ed a y j p and t h e s x c e s s of n o r t a r mmoved by a s ~ . w i ~ g r r d t ! . ~ ~ : , . c,f Q s t ~ a f g i , ~ s d g u heli. - ~ e l - t i ~ n i ~ y , The t o p s

o f -the 'oars weiac. .~;h::r: t'he.3 ..jff ~ L t h a t r o w e l . bu-t no p r e s s u r e was a p p l i e d ,

'The TOT;^., i ) l i : i . ' ~ u e r e . ~ h t . t i placac: i n ilclrnidi't;y 5~1'ti:nt;t.

The h i g h h ~ ; ~ : . i dj:.. , 1~:; Lhe nfib!.net wes m i n t aj.ned by s p r a y i n g a f i ~ . e j e t o f wai;-jr ~ 7 ~ 1 t h e ?!eta1 :;u~*f'nce, causlng s f i n e m i s t .

The cnbinc.:, i s s u p y i i e d x ~ t l - i a > e a t e r - end i s eel-lea u s i n g t ~ p

r q n i : ~ . ~ , Becausc. ckc t e ~ p u r z i ; v . x a a cf' t h e t a p w a t e r was 21°C, the

c 8 b l . n e t c ~ u l d 110.; b e c o c l e d t:) 2OCC. -;

L"

a s g i v e n i n t h e s p c c i S i c a t i s . . n s . ??I(-. tcr"pe;.sture ::.f t h e h u m i d i t y c ~ b i n e t was

c o n t r o l l e d at 22'C, d v r i n g t h a . t ; i ~ e t h e b a 2 s were i n i t , t h a t i s , 1°C. abo-:e t h t r e q u l r n e d . t e m p e r a t u r e .

k t _{t h e} _ago _{a f '} _I_{d a y} _{t r - e}_{h e r s}_ue;-e _removed _{f r o m t h e}

~ n o u l d s pad p l a c e d I n wa-Lor c.nr!trolled et 2 0 U C . The t a n k c o n t a i n i n g t h e w s t e r was c q a t e d w i t h p s r ~ f f i n p r e v e n t r u s t i n g and p l a c e d i n t h e above-mention.ed ki~.mic?ity c a b i n e t which was m a i n t a i n e d a t

a temperature a b o v e 20°C. k < o n l i n g c o i l was p l a c e d i n t h i s t a n k t o which w a t e r was s u p p l i a d t l ~ r o u g h a water c o o l e r . The c o o l i n g s y s t e m was c o n t r o l l e d by a t h e r m r i l ~ e g u l a t o r . T h i s s y s t e m

(7)

The brlrs were t o be b r o k e n i n f l e x u r e and compression a t

3,

7,

and 20 d a y s of a g e . Worn t h e A group o f b a r s , two were broken a t e a c h age and one a t e a c h age f r o m t h e B group. F l e x u r a l S t r e r r t h s

-.

-

A t h ? e e . - ~ o i n t l o a d i n g I J R S t o be c a l - r i e d o u t u s i n g two

r o l l e r s 106.7 mm. a p a r t and t h e t h i r d midway between t h e f i r s t two. The r o l l e r s were 1 0 vm, i n d i a m e t e r and two of them were r e q u i r e d t 3 be f r e e t o p o t a t e . These r e q n i r e m e n t s were f u l f i l l e d

by t h e ji.g ~l.si3.3 ( F j . g .

4j.

The r a t e of l o a d i n g was

5

2

1.5

kg/

s e c o z d 3r e ~ p r o x i m a t ~ l y 71 1.h

./set;

, w h i s h 1 2 .czc.c:indtlzg ... t o

s p ~ c i f l c n J ~ i o n s

Compressive S t r e n g t h s

--

Each h a l f o f t h e b a r b r o k e n i n f l e x u r e was t h e n l o a d e d i n corn;?rsssi.cn. The b a r s r\iers h e l d i n p l a c e u s i n g t h e j i g shown i n Pig. 6 , Th\..; r a t e of l o a d i n g was r c q u l r e d t o be 25

+

5

kg./

sq. c n . / s e c . ~ h i 3 1 1 1 3 a ; ~ p r o x i ~ a t e l : r '1'70 I b . p e ~ s e e .

-

+-175 l'o./sec. Because t h e m ~ c h i n e used would n o t l!jad. a t t h e r a t e

s p e c i f i e d , conip~aessive s-L;?eng.ths were de t s r ? l i ~ . l e d by l o a d i n g a t thc: r a t e of 200 lb/,/sec.. on t h a b9.2. The t o p s i d e o f t h e b a r , which was m,rrch ~oughe-ra th a n the ,sides i n c o n t a c t x l t h t h e moulds,

w a s n o t use? a s a ' u c s r i z g s u r f a c e f z t h e 40-mrq. p l a t e s . ~ The

p l a t e s were h e l d a f i s e d d i s t m c e f'rom t h e end of t h e b a r i n o r d e r t o h e l p e l i n i n a t : : a s mnny v a r i a . t i o n s a s p o s s i b l e . !3wir,g t o an e r r o r i n t i m i n g +;he i ' i r s t b r e a k c n th? A grouy pi' b a r s was n o t

c a r r i e d o u t u n 5 i l t h e b a r s were

4

d a y s o l d , ( t h a t i s , 1 day l a t e ) . A l l o t h e r breal-ra were c a r r i e d o u t on s c h e d u l e . A l l s t r e n g t l ~ s were r e q u f r e d t o be e x p r a s s e d i n kg./cm. 2 Tha t e n s i l e s t r e n g ~ i ? i s c a l c u l a t e d a s 0 , 2 5 P , \!here P Is t h e f l e x u r a l st;ren,gi;h. R e s u l t s of D.B.R, T e s t s

-

(1) The S.S.A. of cement s u p p l i e d was 2660 cm.2/Igm.

-

+

1.5%

by t h e B l a i n e method ( a v e r a g e of

3

v a l u e s ) .

( 2 ) The g r s l n - s i z e c u r v e i s shown on t h e g r a p h .

( 3 ) Nature of A r n p r i o r Sand

--

t h i s 1 3 c a l s a n d i s a q u a r c z sand of a l l u v i a l o r i g i n and c o n t a i n s some f e l d s p a r , mica and s i l t g r a i n s ,

(8)

(4)

F l e x u r a l and Compressive S t r e n g t h s

I: a ) ---.., B a r s Made

W f

t h J3elrnion Sand No, 2

---..-, -Age i n F 3 . e x u ~ a l T e n s i l e Compre s s i v e Day s S t r e n g t h S t r e n g t h S t r e n g t h

-.-

.--

--

,.~-, .

-

.ago

Zi?

~ g ~ / c m . d ('3) B a r s Made

--

o f A r n p r l n r Sand

(9)

( b ) Bars Made o f Arnprior Sand (Continued)

-

Age i n F l e x u r a l T e n s i l e Compressive

Days S t r e n g t h S t r e n g t h S t r e n g t h

--

~ : =

( C a l c u l a t e d )

(10)

G R A I N S I Z E

D 1 S T R I B U T I O N

OF

S A N D

U S E D

l

N

_MORTAR

(11)

F i g . S p e c i a l Mould f o r Preparat i o n of Mortar Bara F i g .

3 -

S p e c i a l Tamper S p e c i f l e d f o r Preparing Bars

(12)

Fig,

4 -

aQ

u u d

f o r

I3uw.l

8-tk b e a t

skauiag

**em*#**

)ruC;s.

- -- -

p i l a

5 -

Jig

in

plmae

for

eent~w -0

-gar.

(13)

P L A N