Parasitofauna isolated from fish off the east Algerian coast
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(2) ŗŚŞǰȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŝǻŚǼȱŘŖŗŝ. ȱȱȱęȱ ěȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ęȬ1*, Z. Ramdane1, N. Kadri2,3,. ǯȱ ę4, J-P. Trilles5 and R. AmaraŜ 1. Laboratoire de Zoologie Appliquée et d’Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie ; 2Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biophysique,. Biomathématiques et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie ; 3Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algérie ; 4Direction Générale des Forêts, Chemin Doudou Mokhtar, B.p. 232, Ben Aknoun, Alger, Algérie ; 5Équipe Adaptation Eco Physiologique et Ontogenèse, Université de Montpellier, CC. 092, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France ; 6·ȱĴȱȱȂǰȱ·ȱǰȱǰȱȱ 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F62930 Wimereux, France. Abstract ȱ
(3) ¢ȱŘŖŗŗȱȱ
(4) ¢ȱŘŖŗřǰȱȱȱŗŜŚřȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǻƽŗśŚśǼȱȱȱǻƽşŞǼȱ ȱǯȱȱŗŚȱęȱǰȱŗŝȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ rate, some isolated parasite species induce serious necrosis, alterations and atrophies to the muscle, ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱPyroderma cylindricum (P=9.37%; I=1); Lerneolophus sultanus (P=9.09%; I=1), and Ceratothoa oestroidesȱǻƽŖǯŜŘƖDzȱ ƽŗǼǰȱ¢ǯȱȱȱěȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱNaeobranchia sygniformis (P=27.27%; I=1). Among the most abundant isolated parasites was the nematode, Anguillicola crassusȱǻƽŚŘǯśřƖDzȱ ƽŜǯŗŗǼȱȱȱ European eel, Anguilla anguillaǰȱ ȱȱȱȱĚ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȭǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱǯ. Introduction. ǰȱŘŖŖŞǰȱŘŖŗŖǰȱŘŖŗŘDzȱȱȱǯǰ 2007,. ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ. 2009, 2013; Ider et al., 2014; Ichalal et al., 2015).. ecosystem (Zander et al., 2002), greatly contrib-. ĴȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ. uting to overall aquatic biodiversity.. endangered species such as the European eel,. ȱȱȱȱȱęȱ. Anguilla anguilla ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼȱǻAnguilla; AnguilǼǯȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱ¡¢ȱǻȱȱ. ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱǻȬ Ǽȱǻȱȱǯǰȱ. * Corresponding author’s email: mansouri.dalia@gmail.com.
(5) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017, 149. ŘŖŖşǼȱ ȱȱȱȱȱMyxidium giardi ǻ·¸ǰȱŗşŖŜǼȱǻMyxidiumDzȱ¢¡-. ȱǻǼȱǻřǰȱƽŗŚşȱǼȱȱȱȱ ȱŗŜŚřȱęȱȱȱǻȱŘŖŗŗȱȱ. diidae),ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǼȱ. ŘŖŗřǼǯȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱ. (Boudjadi et al., ŘŖŖşǼȱȱȱȱ. ǰȱ ȱ ȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ. by Anguillicola crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi and Hagaki, 1974) (Anguillicola; Dracunculidae).. ¢ȱȱȱȱęȱ. ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱęȱ. ęȱęȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ a transparent, labelled plastic bag (date, study. ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱęȱȱȱǯȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ. area, etc.) and transported immediately (in less. environments, and try to assess their potential ȱěȱȱȱǯ. ȱŚȱȱȬęǼȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ. Material and Methods. total weight (Wt) was determined to the nearest. ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱ-. Ŗǯŗȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱŗǼDzȱ. ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ. £ěȱęȱȱǻŗǰȱƽȱşŞȱǼǰȱ ȱ ȱȱǻŘǰȱƽŗřşŜȱǼȱȱȱ. ǯȱȱ¢ǰȱęǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱ¡-. ȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱ the nearest 1 mm using an ichtyometer, and. Figure 1. Study area and sampling stations, 1:ȱ£ěȱęȱDzȱ2:ȱ ȱȱDzȱ3: Soummam River..
(6) 150, Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱsecting stereomicroscope. Collected parasites. Caligus ligusticus ǻǰȱŗşŖŜǼȱǻCaligus; Caligidae); Gotocotyla acanthus (Parona et Perugia,. ȱę¡ȱȱŝŖƖȱȱȱȱęǯȱ. ŗŞşŜǼ (Gotocotyla; Gotocotylidae). The European. Parasitological parameters (Prevalence (P %). eel, Anguilla anguillaȱȱȱȱȱ. ƽȱȱȱȱȱȦȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱƼȱŗŖŖDzȱȱ ¢ȱǻ Ǽȱƽȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȦȱȱȱ. ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱIchtyoph-. ȱȱDzȱȱȱȱǻǼȱ ƽȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȦȱȱ. licola crassusȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. ȱȱ¡ȱǼȱ ȱȱ. Bejaia, although have been already reported. ȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŗşşŝǼǰȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱDZȱMicrocotyle mugilisȱǻǰȱŗŞŝŞǼȱǻMicrocotyle; Micro¢Ǽȱȱȱȱǻȱ ęȱȱ. which are summarised in Table 1. ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱA. crassus and Peroderma cylindricum ǻ ǰȱŗŞŜśǼȱǻPero-. ȱęȱǻǰȱŗŞŝŜǼȱǻIchtyophtirius; Hymenostomatida). One nematode Anguil ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ. ǯǰȱŗşşŞǼǰȱPagellicotyle mormyriȱǻ£ǰȱŗŞŝŞǼȱ. derma; Pennellidae), a histological study was ǯȱ ȱȱǻ Ȭȱȱ. (PagellicotyleDzȱ¢Ǽȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱǻǰȱŗşŜřǼȱȱȱǻǰŗşşśǼǰȱ Atriaster heterodus ǻȱȱǰȱŗşŜşǼȱ (AtriasterDzȱ¢Ǽȱȱ (Lebedev. Ǽȱ ȱę¡ȱȱŗŖƖȱěȱ-. ȱǰȱŗşŜşǼȱȱȱǻ£ȱȱ. aldehyde solution, dehydrated in increasing. Maillard, 1973), Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna. ethanol concentrations (70 to 95%), cleared in. ȱ ǰȱŗşŜŚǼȱǻPolylabris; Microcotylidae) in. ¡¢ȱȱĜȬǯȱ ȱȱȱřΐȱȱǻȱȱȱ. ȱǻȱȱ ǰȱŗşŜŚǼǰȱȱǻ£ȱ and Maillard,1973), Spain (Lopez-Roman, 1973). ȱȱȱǼȱ ȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱǻ-. using Leica RM2125 RTS rotary microtome.. ȱȱ£ǰȱŗşŞşǼǰȱG. acanthus in Tunisia. Sections were mounted on glass microscope. ǻǰȱŗşşśǼȱȱA. crassus in Egypt (Koops. ǰȱȱ ȱ¢Ȃȱ¡¢Ȭǰȱ. ȱ ǰȱŗşŞşǼǰȱȱǻȱ ȱȱǯǰȱ. ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ by Leica DM1000 LED microscope.. ŗşşŜǼȱȱȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşşǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ. Results and Discussion. the Mediterranean Sea.. Diversity and infection rates of isolated parasites ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱ ȱęȱ Ceratothoa oestroidesȱǻǰȱŗŞŘŜǼȱǻCeratothoa; Cymothoi-. ęǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ. dae) in the European pilchard Sardina pilchardus. ęȱȱȱȱȱęǰȱ-. (Walbaum, 1792) (Sardina; Clupeidae) and Nero-. ȱŗŜȱ£ȱȱŗȱ£ȱ¡ǯȱ. cila maculata ǻȱ ǰȱŗŞŚŖǼȱǻNerocila;. Among the collected parasite species, three are new geographical records; Clavellisa emargi-. Cymothoidae) in the tub gurnard Trigla lucerna ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼȱǻTrigla; Triglidae).ȱȱ ȱęȱ. nataȱǻ ¢ǰȱŗŞřŝǼ (Clavellisa; Lerneopodidae);. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.
(7) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017, 151 Table 1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯ. Host. Sparus aurata ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Sparus aurata ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Dicentrarchus labrax ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Dicentrarchus labrax ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Sarpa salpa ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792). Sites. N. Lm Parasites (Min groups Max). Parasites species. Fs. 1. Şř. 17.31 (4.20 - / 31.50). /. /. Lernaeolophus sultanus ǻ ǰȱŗŞŜśǼ. 2. 1. 2. 2. 11. 15. 11. 30. P%. Am. I. 0. 0. 0. Pr. 9.09. 0.09. 1. Naobranchia cygniformis ǻ ǰȱŗŞŜřǼ. Br. 27.27. 0.27. 1. Gnathia sp.. Br, Bc. 45.45. ŗŝǯŞŗ. 39.2. /. /. 0. 0. 0. Lernanthropus kroyeri (van Beneden, ŗŞśŗǼ. Br. 33.33. 0.33. 1. Caligus minimus ǻĴǰȱŗŞŘŗǼ. Br. 33.33. 0.33. 1. Caligus ligusticus ǻǰȱŗşŖŜǼȱȘȘ. Bc. 3.33. 0.033. 1. Peroderma cylindricum ǻ ǰȱŗŞŜśǼ. Mus. 9.37. 0.09. 1. (10 - 20). Ceratothoa oestroides ǻǰȱŗŞŘŜǼȱȘ. Bc. ŖǯŜŘ. ŖǯŖŖŜ. 1. 19.75 Crustacea ǻŗŜȱȮȱŘśǼȱ. Nerocila maculata (Milne Ed ǰȱŗŞŚŖǼȘ. ȱ. 10. 0.1. 1. Pagellicotyle mormyri ǻ£ǰȱŗŞŝŞǼ. Br. 3.33. 0.03. 1. Atriaster heterodus (Lebedev et ǰȱŗşŜşǼ. Br. ŜǯŖŘ. 0.14. 2.37. 27.75 (20.90 - Crustacea 33.50). ŗşǯŜś / (7 - 32.10). řŘǯŘŜȱ (30.30 - Crustacea 34). ȱŘŜǯř Crustacea ǻŗŞȱȮȱřŘǼ. ŗřǯŘŜ 2. Crustacea. ŗŜŖ. Trigla lucerna ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. 2. 10. Lithognathus mormyrus ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. 2. 330. ŗŜǯŜŗ Monogenea (14 – 22). ŜŜŚ. ŗŞǯşśȱ (10 - Monogenea 27.50). Boops boops ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. 2.
(8) 152, Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017 Table 1 Continuedǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯ. Host. Diplodus vulgaris ǻ ě¢ȱȬ. ǰȱŗŞŗŝǼ. Diplodus cervinus ǻ ǰȱŗŞřŞǼ. Diplodus annularis ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Sites. 2. 2. 2. Lm Parasites (Min groups Max). Parasites species. Fs. P%. Am. I. Atriaster heterodus (Lebedev et ǰȱŗşŜşǼ. Br. ŗśǯŜŘ. ŖǯŗŜ. 1. Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna et ǰȱŗşŜŚǼ. Br. ŚǯŜş. ŖǯŖŞ. ŗǯŜŝ. Atriaster heterodus (Lebedev et ǰȱŗşŜşǼ. Br. ŗŖǯŜŝ. 0.11. 1. Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna et ǰȱŗşŜŚǼ. Br. 4. 0.07. ŗǯŜŝ. 37. 12.44 Monogenea (10 - 17). Gotocotyla acanthus (Parona et PeruǰȱŗŞşŜǼȱȘȘ. Br. ŗŜǯŘŘ. 0.02. 1.33. Gotocotyla acanthus (Parona et PeruǰȱŗŞşŜǼȱȘȘ. Br. 33.33. 1.33. 4. Microcotyle mugilis ǻǰȱŗŞŝŞǼ. Br. 10. 0.12. 1.2. Nematoda. Anguillicola crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi and Hagaki, 1974). Sb. 42.53. ŘǯŜ. Ŝǯŗŗ. Protozoa. Ichtyophtirius ęȱ(FouǰȱŗŞŝŜǼ. . 2.3. 0.02. 1. Clavellisa emarginata (Kroyer, ŗŞřŝǼȱȘȘ. Br. 25. 0.25. 1. N. ŜŚ. 75. ŗŞ (14 – 29). Monogenea. ŘŜǯŜŝȱ Monogenea (10 - 55). Lichia glauca ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. 2. 3. ŘŞ Monogenea ǻŘřȱȮȱřŜǼȱ. Mugil cephalus ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. 3. 50. 27.49 Monogenea (15 - 40). Anguilla anguilla ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼ. Alosa fallax algeriensis (Regan, ŗşŖŜǼ. 3. 3. Şŝ. 12. řŜŗǯşş (197 ŞŘŘǼ. 17.04 Crustacea (14 - 21). ȘDZȱ ȱȱȱȱDzȱȘȘDZȱ ȱȱȱȱDzȱDZȱȱȱ¡ȱęDzȱDZȱȱ ǰȱȬ¡DZȱȱȱ¡DzȱȱǻƖǼDZȱDzȱDZȱȱDzȱ DZȱȱ ¢Dzȱ DZȱ¡ȱDzȱDZȱȱ¢DzȱDZȱȱDzȱDZȱȱDzȱDZȱȱęDzȱDZȱȱęDzȱDZȱ Ȭ bladder ; Mus: Muscle; 1DZȱ££ȱęȱDzȱ2DZȱ ȱȱDzȱ3: Soummam River..
(9) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017, 153. ǯȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ the mean intensity reached 45.45% and 39.2. ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ. ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ǯȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ ȱS. aurata and D. labrax ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱřřǯřřƖȱǻLernanthropus kroyeri, Caligus minimus and G. acanthus), with ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱA. crassus in the ȬȱȱA. anguillaȱǻƽŚŘǯśřƖDzȱ ƽŜǯŗŗȱ. as Lernaeolophus sultanusȱǻ ǰȱŗŞŜśǼȱǻLernaeolophus; Pennellidae), Naobranchia cygniformis ǻ ǰȱŗŞŜřǼȱǻNaobranchia; Lernaeopodidae),. ȱȱȱǼȱȱȱǰȱ. Gnathia sp., Lernanthropus kroyeri (van Beneden,. £ȱȱGnathiaȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ. ŗŞśŗǼȱǻLernanthropus; Lernanthropidae), Caligus. ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱSparus aurata ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼȱǻSparus; Sparidae) (P=45.45%; ƽřşǯŘȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽǯȱ -. minimusȱǻĴǰȱŗŞŘŗǼȱǻCaligus; Caligidae).. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱęȱȱ. ȱǯȱȬȱęȱȱ ȱĚȱȱȱ£ěǰȱS. aurata and. ¡ȱ ȱȬęDzȱȱȱȱ organs were the gills and the oral cavity (Table. the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax ǻǯǰȱŗŝśŞǼȱǻDicentrarchus; Moronidae) did not. ŗǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ has not been assessed in this study. Parasites. ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ. ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȬę¢ǰȱ. ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ. ȱ¡ǰȱ¡ȱȱ¢¡ȱǻȱ ŘǼǯȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱę¢ȱȱȱ-. This might be related to one or a combination ȱȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱęȱǻȱȱȱȱǼǰȱ indeed, the cages were well spaced and placed generally in suitable depths (40 m), with generally moderate currents; Ȧȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱ these cages did not promote the development ȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ. ȱěȱȱȱ. ȱ ȱȱȱěǰȱ observed both at macroscopic and microscopic ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱCeratothoa oestroides ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻȱŘǰȱȱŘǼǯȱȱȱěȱ ȱ previously described by Ramdane et al. (2009). Our results corroborate those reported by that. ȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱǻ£ěȱǼȱ could be easily altered over the coming years ¢ȱęȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱęȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱ¡¢ǰȱǯǰȱȱ an important issue without regular monitoring.. ȱȱLernaeolophus sultanus and Naobranchia. ȱȱ ȱęȱȱĴȱ¢ȱȱ-. ȱȱȱPeroderma cylindricum caused. ability at aquaculture sites, enhanced interaction. ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱĚȱ. in that case might contribute to the development. ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱęǯ. ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ 2; Figure 2D; Figure 3 A to B). Zamouri-Langar (1995) noticed that P. cylindricum weakened the. ȱǰȱȱȱȱęȱ. cygniformisȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ arches (Table 2, Figure 2 B to C)..
(10) 154, Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017 Table 2.ȱę¢ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯ SpecięcityȦ Fixing site. Impact of parasites on their hosts. Collected parasites species. SpecięcityȦhost. Lernaeolophus sultanus. ¢¡. Naobranchia cygniformis. ¡. Gnathia sp.. ¢¡. Lernanthropus kroyeri. ¡. ȱȱȱę. Clavellisa emarginata. ¡. Unobserved. Strict. Large. Caligus minimus Caligus ligusticus. Nerocila maculata Anguillicola crassus Microcotyle mugilis Pagellicotyle mormyri. ¡. ȱȱȱęǰȱǰȱ buccal cavity. Unobserved Muscle and kidney deterioration ȱȱȱ. ¡ Strict. ȱȱȱȱȱȱę ȱȱ Ȭȱȱ Ě¢ȱ. ¢¡ ¡. Atriaster heterodus Polylabris tubicirrus. ȱȱȱę. ȱȱȱȱ¢. Peroderma cylindricum Ceratothoa oestroides. ȱȱȱ. Unobserved ¡. Gotocotyla acanthus ¢ȱę. ¢¡. Large. Hemorrhage. parasitised European pilchard, making them lose. and digestive tract, reveals potential pathogenic. their swimming-balance.. ȱ¡ǯȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱȱ. done on the protozoan parasites, especially ¢¡£ǰȱǰȱǯǰȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ. Anguillicola crassus ȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱěȱȱȱǯ. swim-bladder (Table 2; Figure 4A) and caused ȱȱȱȱěȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ. Acknowledgements. ȱȱĚȱȱęȱǻȱŘDzȱ Figure 2E; Figure 4 A to B). Larvae, L3 and L4. ȱ ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ. however, were located in the wall, resulting. ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱŚȱȱȱǼǯȱ Similar results were reported by Molnar et al. ǻŗşşřǼȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŘǼǯȱ. ¢ȱȱǻ¢ȱȱǼȱȱ. ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ. ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱscript; we believe that their positive comments substantially improved this article..
(11) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017, 155. Figure 2. A: Ceratothoa oestroides ȱȱȬȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǻǼȱȱȱȱBoops boops; B to C:ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱB. boopsȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ copepod, Lernaeolophus soltanus ¢ȱȱȬȱę¡ȱ¡DzȱD: Pyroderma cylindricum penetrating into European pilchard Sardina pilchardus body; E:ȱȱ ȬȱȱȱȱAnguilla anguilla by parasitising Anguillicola crassus.. Figure 3. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱSardina pilchardus; A: ȱȱ unparasitised European pilchard showing normal skin layers, (Ep) epidermis, (Ss) stratum spongiosum, (Sc) stratum compactum, (M) skeletal muscle; B:ȱ ȱ ȱ Peroderma cylindricumȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ Ǽȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱǻI) Intestine, (O) Ovary, (Cg) Cemental gland..
(12) ŗśŜǰȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŝǻŚǼȱŘŖŗŝ. Figure 4. ȱȱȱ ȬȱȱȱȱȱAnguilla anguilla, A: Anguillicola crassus parasitising the swim-bladder lumen, (Cu) cuticle, (W) womb, (O) ovaries, (I) intestine; B:ȱ Ȭȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢DZȱǻTE) tunica externa, (SM) submucosa, (M) muscularis mucosae, (E) epithelium, (Bv) blood vessel, (L) lumen; C:ȱ Ȭȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǻSM, M, EǼȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ ǼDzȱD:ȱȱȱAnguillicola crassus ȱǻǼȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ EDZȱȱȱAnguillicola crassus entrapped in the rete mirabile ȱȱ Ȭǯ.
(13) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(4) 2017, 157. References Boudjadi Z, Tahri M, Djebari N, Hamza I and ȱȱǻŘŖŖşǼǯȱȱȱȂȱ des anguilles (Anguilla anguilla) par le nématode (Anguillicola crassus) dans Ȃȱȱȱǻ·ǼǯȱMésogée 65, śşȬŜŜǯ ȱǰȱě¢ȱ ǰȱĵȱ
(14) ȱȱȱ AW (1997). Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Journal of Parasitology 83ȱǻŚǼǰȱśŝśȮśŞřǯ ȱ ęȱǰȱȬȱǰȱ££ȱȱȱ ȱȱǻŗşşŞǼǯȱȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Mugil cephalus: Chance or competition? Parasitology Research 84, 315-320. El-Hilali M, Yahyaoui A, Sadak A, Maachi M ȱ¢ȱ ȱǻŗşşŜǼǯȱ¸ȱ·ȱ épidémiologiques sur l’anguillicolose au Maroc. Bulletin Français de la pêche et de la pisciculture 340ǰȱśŝȬŜŖǯ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗşŝřǼǯȱ ȱ ¡ȱ microcotylidae (monogenea), parasites ¡ȱȱȱ···ȱȱ genre Diplodus (Sparidae). Bulletin du Museum d’histoire naturelle 137 (Zoologie ŗŖŗǼǰȱŝşřȬŞŖśǯ Ichalal K, Ramdane Z, Ider Djamila, Kacher M, Iguerouada M, Trilles JP, Courcot L and Amara R (2015). Nematodes parasitising Trachurus trachurus (L.) and Boops boops ǻǯǼȱȱǯȱParasitology Research 114, ŚŖśşȬŚŖŜŞǯ Ider D, Ramdane Z, Courcot L, Amara R and Trilles JP (2014). A scanning electron ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Argulus vittatus ǻęȬĵǰȱŗŞŗŚǼȱǻDZȱ ǼȱȱȱǯȱParasitology Research 113ǰȱŘŘŜśȬŘŘŝŜǯ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǻŗşŞşǼǯȱAnguillicola ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ imports. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 5 (1), 41-45. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗşŜşǼǯȱ. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ ȱǼǯȱ Hydrobiological Journal 5ǰȱśŜȬŜśǯȱ ȱǰȱȱǰȱȱǰȱȱ O and Crivelli AJ (2002). Spatial and temporal variation in Anguillicola crassus DZȱȱȱȱŚȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Mediterranean lagoons. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 50ǰȱŗŞŗȬŗŞŞǯ Lopez-Roman R (1973). Contribucion al ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Monogenea y Digenea parasita de teleosteos ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ Thesis doctoral. ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǻŘŖŖşǼǯȱ Biodiversité des parasites chez Anguilla anguillaȱ ǻǰȱ ŗŝśŞǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ National d’El Kala – Algérie. European
(15) ȱȱęȱȱ25 (2), 300-309. Maamouri F, Gargouri L, Ould Dadda M and ¡ȱ ȱǻŗşşşǼǯȱȱȱAnguillicola crassus (Nematode, anguillicoloidae) in the Ichkellake (Northeastern Tunisia). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 19, 17-19. ȱ ȱ ǻŗşŜřǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ espèces du genre Microcotyle (Monogenea, Microcotylidae). Rapport de DEA, Université de Montpellier. Molnar K, Baska F, Csaba GY, Glavits R and Székely CS (1993). Pathological ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Anguilla anguilla ȱ¢ȱAnguillicola crassus (Nematode: Dracunculoidea). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 15, 41-50. ȱȱǻŗşşśǼǯȱȱ¥ȱȂ·ȱȱȱ biodiversité des Monogènes parasites des poissons du secteur Nord-Est de la Tunisie. âȱȂ·ȱȱ·ȱ Tunis II. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗşŜŚǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ East Mediterranean. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 24ǻřǼǰȱŘŚşȬŘśŞǯȱ.
(16) ŗśŞǰȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŝǻŚǼȱŘŖŗŝ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱǻŗşŞşǼǯȱȱ des poissons marins du Monténégro : Monogènes. In : Radujkovic R. Raibaut A. (Eds) Faune des parasites des poissons marins des côtes du Monténégro (Adriatique sud). Acta Adriatica 30(1-2), 51-135. ȱ ȱȱȱ
(17) ȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǻǰȱ Ǽȱȱ Algeria. Acta Parasitologica 53 ǻŘǼǰȱŗŝřȬŗŝŞǯ Ramdane Z and Trilles JP (2010). New Algerian parasitic copepods. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 30(2), 41-47. Ramdane Z and Trilles JP (2012). ȱĴ ǻȬ£ǰȱ ŗŞŗŚǼȱ ǻDZȱ Ǽȱȱȱȱęǯȱ Parasitology Research 110, 1501-1507. Ramdane Z, Bensouilah MA and Trilles JP (2007). The Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Ǽǰȱȱȱȱęǰȱȱ ȱǯȱBelgian Journal of Zoology 137ǻŗǼǰȱŜŝȬŝŚǯ Ramdane Z, Bensouilah MA and Trilles JP (2009). Etude comparative de Crustacés isopodes et copépodes ectoparasites de poissons marins algériens et marocains. Cybium 33(2), 123-131. Ramdane Z, Trilles JP, Mahé K and Amara ȱǻŘŖŗřǼǯȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱęǰȱBoops boops (L.) and Mullus barbatus barbatusȱǻǯǼȱȱȱDZȱ ¢ǰȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱCybium 37 ǻŗȬŘǼǰȱśşȬŜŜǯ ȬȱȱǻŗşşśǼǯȱ ¢¸ȱȱȂěȱ du copépode Peroderma cylindricum (Heller, ŗŞŜśǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Sardina pilchardus. Marine life 5(1), 29-33. Zander CD, Koçoglu Ö, Skroblies M and Strohbach U (2002). Parasite populations ȱȱȱȱ ȱĴȱ ȱȱȱȱǻǰȱȱȱ Sea). Parasitology Research 88, 734–744.. View publication stats.
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