• Aucun résultat trouvé

Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition"

Copied!
18
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition H. Liao, M.J.F. Gales. To cite this version: H. Liao, M.J.F. Gales. Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition. Speech Communication, Elsevier : North-Holland, 2008, �10.1016/j.specom.2007.10.004�. �hal00499200�. HAL Id: hal-00499200 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00499200 Submitted on 9 Jul 2010. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) Accepted Manuscript Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition H. Liao, M.J.F. Gales PII: DOI: Reference:. S0167-6393(07)00172-0 10.1016/j.specom.2007.10.004 SPECOM 1669. To appear in:. Speech Communication. Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date:. 3 August 2006 7 October 2007 7 October 2007. Please cite this article as: Liao, H., Gales, M.J.F., Issues with uncertainty decoding for noise robust automatic speech recognition, Speech Communication (2007), doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2007.10.004. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain..

(3) ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT. 

(4)      !" #%$&!'  !( )*!(+ , -. /!'012  3*45)67!(#'   3!( 8 9<;>=@?ACBEDGFIHJ%9LK)9NMC9<O:?PRQSB : T7UWV3XYUIZ@Z\[]XNUWV^ZR_W`[]aLbcZ\UdaNegf`b>hi[]XkjlV3Z(mnUdXYopZ\[]q@XYaLre)sI[]tWb)_IXYUWV3avuUxw&aL[yZ@Z\aNe/f`b>hi[]XkjlV3Zf{z|x}l~,€emUdXNaLZ@j‚XNUWV3jƒub. „' ,†p‡pˆ3‰{Š‹‡ ŒŽdi‘i’@>“p”‹di•–I—p’>•– ˜“p™Y˜W’]’š”W›‘i”‹œ€—’@i’]’˜ƒ™–‹”W‘i•Giž€Ÿ(’c›L”W‘š’] p“lž¡‘ip“p”‹W•Gi•–”‹ iž˜ƒ2¢& €™Y”W•G>ižx€”Wi•–”‹ ”W›/—€“pl‘]\˜W•–dŽ£ •–d]‘i”I¤€—“¤cœd£pI¥I•G‘i”‹€Ÿ(pd\˜W™ƒ”‹•–’]‹¦§/žp’],ip“\ž€•N¨d—€p’E’]ž˜ƒ‘i,iž7 &‘i”‹ ‘]R£iž˜ƒiž7—€“p‘]\˜W•–dŽ£¥W˜ƒ‘i•–p’n©ª•–iž>iž€,”‹•–’]™–p¥«p™ ˜W¤•–’7 €‘i”W {˜W‹˜ƒi¤xi”ižg¤&p“p”I¤€•–€c’@\˜WW‹¬‹‘ip’]—€™Gi•Y€c•–­•–“‘ip˜W’]¤xŸ(”I¤&p™I¥‹˜3‘i•Y˜W“p’p¦«ŒRx”‹œ€’]‘i¥W˜ƒi•–”‹­—€“pl‘]\˜W•–dŽ£2›L”ƒ‘iŸ(’p¬Wiž€ —€“p‘]\˜ƒ•YdR£¥W˜ƒ‘i•Y˜ƒ“p/•–’7’]•–Ÿ( ™G£2iž/¥W˜ƒ‘i•Y˜ƒ“pg”ƒ›{ižg‘]‘i”ƒ‘•Ypž˜W€“ppŸ(pd<iž˜ƒ7•–’˜‹¤¤&¤i”iž/Ÿ(”I¤&p™€¥W˜ƒ‘i•Y˜ƒ“pp’p¦‹®€”Wiž€‘ ›L”ƒ‘iŸ¯¬,“˜ƒ™Y™–¤ —€“p‘]\˜ƒ•–IR£ ¤&p“p”I¤€•–€€¬,‘i›k‘i’i”¡˜¯›v˜ƒ“i”W‘i•–’i˜ƒi•–”W°©ªž•–“\ž ‘ip’]—™Gi’x•–:˜"™–•Y€˜ƒ‘›L˜3i—€‘i±]‘\˜W’@›k”W‘iŸ

(5) ˜W¤²Ÿ(”I¤&p™ ¥W˜ƒ‘i•Y˜W€“p/œ•Y˜ƒ’7iž˜ƒ7•–“l‘i˜W’]p’,©ª•Gižx€”‹•–’]‹³W—’]•–c˜W  &‘i”‹ &‘i•N˜3ig˜W € €‘i”¢&•–Ÿ'˜ƒi•–”‹€’p¬Wl´(“p•–pd7•–Ÿ( ™–pŸ(pd\˜ƒi•–”W’<Ÿ'˜p£2œ/”Wœ€\˜W•–€¤¬ ©ª•Giž±iž€W”«˜W™”W›<˜W“\ž•–p¥I•–˜3‘gŸ(”I¤€p™Gµyœ{˜ƒ’]¤' ‘]›L”ƒ‘iŸ'˜W“©ª•Giž”W—€/iž€c˜W’]’]”d“•N˜3i¤C“p”WŸ( —&\˜ƒi•–”‹˜W™n“p”‹’@¦&¶€›L”ƒ‘]i—˜ƒip™G£d¬ —€“p‘]\˜ƒ•YdR£"¤€“p”I¤€•–'›L”ƒ‘iŸ(’iž{˜3c“p”WŸ( —&i2iž€—€“pl‘]\˜W•–dŽ£¯•–.iž2›k‘i”WI]µyp¤.˜W{¤" ˜W’]’iž€•Y’i”±iž€x¤&p“p”I¤&‘cŸ'˜p£¯’]—&·n‘ ›k‘i”WŸ¸˜xižp”ƒ‘ii•–“˜W™< &‘i”‹œ€™YŸ¸•–"™–”©¹’]•–W{˜W™Gµºi”Wµy€”‹•–’]š‘\˜3i•–”±“”‹{¤&•Gi•Y”W’p¦n§/ž€•–’‘ip ”ƒ‘]c¤&•–’]“p—’]’]p’ž”©-iž•–’ª›L—¤˜ƒŸ(pd\˜W™•Y’]’]—€ ˜ƒ‘i•–’]p’p¬{˜W¤¯¤€pŸ(”W’@]‘\˜3ip’g•Giž&‘i”‹—€‹žR©/”­’]“\žŸ(p’p»¼ƒ½«¾€¿WÀƒÁ±©ª•Giž¯—€“pl‘]\˜W•–dŽ£±˜W¤±›N‘i”‹d]µyp{¤2Â@”‹•–d—€“p‘]\˜W•–dŽ£¤&p“p”I¤€•–€ ÃvÄ Á&ūƋÇdÈ3ÉdÊdËl¦7®ÌŸ(iž€”I¤.i”"Ÿ(•Gi•–«˜3i­iž•–’>›L”W‘ Ä Á&ūƋÇdÈ3ÉdÊ¡“p”WŸ( p’i˜3i•Y”W•–’ &‘ip’]pdi¤n¬<˜ƒ’š©)p™–™/˜W’šž”©Í¼ƒ½«¾€¿ƒÀWÁ •–Ÿ( €™Y•–“p•Gi™G£ ˜‹¤€¤&‘ip’]’]’•G¦€Î”©/¥«‘¬€•–ª•–’ª’]ž”©ªCiž˜ƒ˜xŸ(”I¤&p™Gµyœ{˜W’]p¤šÂ@”W•–I—€“p‘]\˜ƒ•–IR£±¤€p“”I¤€•–(˜ƒ  &‘i”«˜W“\ž¯¤&”dp’ª”ƒ’]—&·n‘g›k‘i”WŸÍiž•–’ ™–•–Ÿ(•–\˜3i•–”‹E¬™–•Yϋ7iž€p’],›k‘i”WI]µyp¤›L”ƒ‘iŸ(’¤€”€¬p˜W¤c•Y’Ÿ(”W‘i,“”‹Ÿ( —&\˜ƒi•–”‹˜W™–™G£c˜3]]‘\˜W“i•–¥«W¦3§/ž7•–’]’]—p’E¤€’]“‘i•–œ¤>˜W¤ ‘]›L”ƒ‘iŸ'˜W€“p ”W›Eiž¥‹˜3‘i•Y”W—’g’]“\žpŸ(’/˜ƒ‘i¢€˜WŸ(•–¤(”WŽ©)”x˜3‘]i•GÐ{“p•Y˜W™–™G£“p”W‘]‘i—€ €i¤'“p”W‘i ”ƒ‘\˜&»&iž®ª¶ÑÒÑ®ÔÓI¦ Õx¤&•YW•Gª’@]‘i•Y€‘ip“”‹‹€•Gi•Y”W ˜W¤¡ÖpՋՋÕ3µº©/”W‘\¤Ñp’]”W—€‘i“p>ׯ˜W{˜ƒ‹pŸ(Ig\˜ƒ’]ÏI’p¦ ‚ZlrØu[yjqiÙ"ÚWÛIÜiÜiÝ@Þ(ߎÜiÝiàáâ«ã äRãGàâå€æâ«ÝiÜißRäŽçpãGâƒävèxé«ÜiÝiàWé«ãGâ‹á«åêàãGëŽÜªßŽàì‹í«ëRäRâ«ÜiëŽë\åIîæï7ð/ïî)ñ òó¯ôƒõ<öƒ÷dø7ù)úû&öWüyøõ ý]þCÿ 

(6)    

(7) 

(8) 

(9)  !"

(10) #

(11)  

(12) &þ$

(13) %lÿ&%'(%) *  )'+%),

(14)   -

(15) .& (Nþ/ ÿ0

(16) ,

(17) 1%'2354 *

(18) (%),

(19)   &167)&8

(20) :9 ;=<><?9

(21) W þ$š  ÿ0)@þBAC8C5>%)C8D+E0 %)ÿ7

(22) D6 l ÿ&%'+E& 7

(23) F ²  ÿ '%

(24) %GHCI

(25) )F8J9K (%)6 I

(26)  &)3ML>NDOP)QSRT'UWV)P'OYX'NZ=[ P)\ V)U]"^HN\>

(27) D%'  _*E7A`  %'  ÿM6 

(28) a

(29)  b*%&:

(30)  ° n % þc6 )( C þcd6e %D)E %'f*hgiC8C )C,<d767)C&4€ þ(  

(31) 8*kjHg<l4 mjonpC E. qYr àߎߎÜiëRÛ&àâ‹é«ãGâ«á2çpí‹äRÞ«àßs T7b`3XI t `3j3j[RZ\q@q]Z\qiÙ uv'wyxDz{y|}~ H€:‚M!)€, ƒy„$ †s‡ã–çpà)ˆ]å ‚W‰'Šy~{y|}~ H€:‚M!)€, ƒy„$ ‹/s Œs s/ Ž ç'G Üië ˆ#s m- ‘ Ù*u’y’'“”@•y•#‚*–!|}~ H€:‚M!)€, ƒ„•—:uv'wyxz1 †s{‡ ã–çpà)ˆ s ˜ ÚWí«Û«ÛIàßyäŽÜié(ì3è.™ àëRÞ«ãGìdç2ïÜiëRÜlçpßRÝ@ÞG š í‹ßŽàÛIܛ{‡ ã> œ ã äŽÜié,s Ô&Õ Öo×Õ"؝ÙÚ0ÛÜWÝ'Þ`ØÚHÚ!Ö:ß(Úà á&âÛ ÖãØIÖ Õ. žDŸŸ,  myE*D%y

(32) *¡5W9C8*)8D: 6¢jH£F¡¥¤ m%€þCÿ0)&

(33) 8*JjH¦pkþ§)

(34) ¨Co3 E žŸ*Ÿ©ª« %G)

(35) ¨Co3 E*¬­*­­,m®6Cþc %)),

(36) C 9a¯°± ²³´Wµ+¶W³2jH¦p 

(37) H·a62¸90E-¬­­,¬m &WK A`2

(38) l0K*)9l)¹0D%y

(39) 8*k@*lþ$f¥) *7 þc*

(40) 'C$ * º%)& þ¯ÿ0)

(41) 8*+3Gȴ7@*

(42)  

(43) )C 9E.

(44)  e%& þ¯ÿ 

(45) 

(46) 8*C C 9¼½ ÿ0) ¾%)& þ¯ÿ6¿

(47) ÀC  ÿ0A¨)@ C@,

(48) "61ÁP'U]"Â7ÃPpP\7Ä U\0X'PZ$P)\]›

(49) %'  _, D C  ÅÆl ÿ&D%y

(50) Cf 7

(51) '%

(52)  Ç&6Ç%ƒ ÿ&:

(53) ± C þcÇ  þ$C8

(54)  +E

(55) 

(56) F* C89¢%€ þ¯ÿ&

(57) (

(58)  f 9¢l ÿ&%' @D

(59)  D)3 È`D%),

(60) C89*EÉDD'%'ʼ@7%6Ë˽

(61) 67 . @D

(62)  )"&6Ì%' W þ/DÍ9Î8&%ÿ0'

(63)   ¼

(64)  Ç   %))

(65) 8,

(66) :9l6  c

(67) d * $ *

(68) ¢

(69)  kD% * 8

(70)  2D'%'+3 Ï TV)PÃyÐU]"^HN\ÑÂ7\0X'P)Ãy] U^!\]"Òb@þ$)E¨Y

(71) )þc6Ó Ó

(72)    ÿ&I ÿ0)DE*671G8YY6/ 7% H*  -E9/*6 67  1$  .

(73) ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT. % 

(74) ' ,

(75) :9J %c

(76) J;=<J<é%).

(77) dƒÿD*

(78)

(79) .67C0&

(80) 8*Y %))

(81) 8,

(82) :9Y!

(83) ) )%) þc),

(84) 3M¡  1%

(85) ' *

(86) :9*E7@F½ I þ¯ÿ C E E þ$W9k0(*D6 a

(87)  .  ÿ0*I

(88) 8*a@*lþ$*

(89) '$jH;=kC þ/DG

(90) /C"38E žDŸŸê myE @&þéÔ  ÿ&*C89 € þ/C=@ %

(91)  Óp

(92)  l8 *C8"

(93)   *  '

(94)  lj « A¨76d6l4C ƒ þc*

(95) ')E+¬­­*¬*myE&F

(96)  /I &%¨

(97)  `)%)ƒ þc),/

(98) ÿ %) jHëF) p

(99) ›Co3 E¬­*­*¬ ª ì¨)h8í

(100) îº)

(101) aCo3 E1¬­­ï ª ¤

(102) 

(103) )§

(104) ÉC"38EG¬­*­ï ª ëF). 

(105) =Co3 E&¬­­   ªðÀñ C8@)Ch6ò¸&CoEM¬­­ ê m3 ý#d%),

(106) '

(107) E Â7\0X'P)Ãy] U^!\]"ÒlOP'X'NDO^!\,ó þ$W9É&¢ )A¨6Æ*±  ÿ€ÿ ,

(108)    Ñ

(109)  ô%)678

(110)  &" C ÿ   C88

(111) :9ÀK

(112)  ô%)ÿ7

(113) D6 l ÿ&%'+E,  c

(114)  òõ%)C8Dö1l ÿ0)%'-E* ,

(115) 1

(116)  p67%)6 8. 

(117)  *Kjoë=&ÿnÿ0ò

(118) GC"38E+¬­*­*¬ ª&÷ ò6lnpC E¬­­   my3 ¡  Dl

(119) :Aø67:

(120) 8%

(121) C 9¾678¹0,

(122) ¢& ÿnÿ *%'Y9 )C6e N þc C @þ¢ùy

(123)   %

(124) ' ,

(125) :9=+%)C %) C 

(126) D6F)úY% ),

(127) C 9  Í

(128)  d@,

(129) "6E¹ 6 ÿD6º

(130) É

(131)  dD%*  Y 2  *C8*E›k þ¯ÿ C8d%)¢¹)

(132) /

(133) 2

(134)  d%) * I

(135) 8* þc767)C$%€ þ¯ÿ&* ),

(136) 3p¡   a%) ÿ  67øÀC8 **

(137) %€ þ¯ÿ €þc ¢12H

(138) $@

(139)   *D6ø%)& þ¯ÿ0)

(140) 8* %' ƒ þc¥A`8

(141)   þ/767CI *D6$%)%) '%9*3 û 

(142)  $ %))

(143) 8,

(144) :9f

(145) %'  _, D&W=67W þc7 

(146) '

(147) D6$ 76$ C8

(148) @ 18)

(149) :9f+

(150) *Å76k)I n þc),

(151) ')EM A¨)*)F

(152)  9> ¹0p@€þü€ þ//   )),

(153) ý WA¥3 û )

(154)  c &%)

(155) 8,

(156) :9fi0)Y67) 6/ 7

(157) I

(158) 8*)C 9 ª & þc( C8

(159) .Ae

(160) 

(161) .

(162) f%)=  C8C8 %)6 I

(163) 8* 6Çj"¤,

(164) *7

(165) ô

(166) ¢C"38E ¬­­ï ª ëF) º

(167) KCo3 E ¬­*­*¬*mi6k *8¨67& ÿnÿ0¨A`8

(168) ¢6 & ÿ7

(169) 

(170)  >j ðÀñ C8@)C &6b¸ &CoEi¬­*­ ê m/35¸1@,

(171) "62 %))

(172)  ,

(173) :9a6  %767  ¢ë=&ÿÿ&¢

(174) 1Co3ijo¬­­,¬myE0

(175)  )fGk@ 6 & þ/7

(176)  C ÿ* C8W þþ JC A¼¤7ÿ=ÈÀA` )d

(177)  (  þc*Å7¥

(178)   l ÿ&%'ej ÷ 26ønpC E›¬­­ *m3®¤ %)ò>

(179) '@þ GC8D%y

(180) D6J >

(181)  c@,

(182)  )6+E0A` %'°  þ/767 DGC C®

(183)   þc767)C*W&%6    ¥67D%767  E8GC Aɤ7ÿ=ÈÉC8C

(184)   þc767)C7  þ$W9=0CI

(185) )6.

(186) =&i

(187)  I þc3D;¥%›¥67  %kþ/ 

(188)  . <  ÿ0*  C E6=8,

(189)  ›5  

(190)  )+%)7 

(191) ' *

(192) '®%'/®.:

(193) * =C * *  þc767)C"EW

(194) )/C  * n þ(0)'cp 

(195) 8*Y%º

(196) Å*.  ÿ C%¢ ø

(197)  DJ *7  p &%)

(198) 8,

(199) :9*3)ì¨%)g  þ/767CI *D6F%

(200) 8,

(201) :9J67D%767  k)½ ÿ C8%8

(202) C 9J%) 

(203) D¥

(204)  /%)ÿ7

(205) D6 l ÿ&%'É%*678

(206)  CiA`I

(207) 2

(208)  k%)C8D2\ ÿ0)D%'É67 

(209)   7

(210)  -E*8

(211) ¨67D 

(212) ¨7¹M)›@&þ¿

(213)     ÿ  C ƒ þ¢3 ¡   ±  ÿI ÿ0)/67%)1

(214)  Dk 1 b67)

(215)  C"35¤D%y

(216)  Y¬p67D%) 0i& þc¨@

(217)  `) %W þc),

(218) %'ƒ þc &6Í AÌ

(219)  )9Í%)Í&l½

(220) 676ø

(221) b %C 67J%

(222) 8,

(223) :9*3¡   ›½

(224)  /  Dipk þc8C›67D%767  p@þ

(225) l

(226) k@,

(227)  )&6b %))

(228) 8,

(229) :9É67%)7678:. þc

(230)  76Æ 8AD6/8$%y

(231) 8*   3¡  ¥@ 6 & þ/,

(232)  C ÿ * C ƒ þ¼A`8

(233)  @,

(234)  )6J %

(235) ' ,

(236) :9¢6 %767  K F)C0'

(237) 6d*J8 %y

(238) 8* ïô6 67W þ/*

(239) '

(240) D6e

(241)   *Ñ

(242)    7°0 ¶  A`8

(243) À &%)

(244) 8,

(245) :9 6Ñ@,

(246) "6ø·: ,

(247) l %))

(248) 8,

(249) :9 67D%767  ô

(250) %'  _, 3 ð Í A

(251) 5

(252) þ/767CI *D6  %))

(253) 8,

(254) :9p67%)6 8 F67+

(255) h7¹M)+@&þe

(256)    ÿ 7. C ƒ þ¢E›¯  þc¢¹M%y

(257) 8*E›6Í

(258) $C8D

(259) YcúY%)8*

(260) Y* @,

(261) "61@*lþ$3«ý#/%'&ÿ7

(262)    ED

(263)  D  D56(

(264) %'   _, DYKC 

(265) 6ºº

(266) :AÉ

(267) &%) C8C 9b%*nÿ7

(268) 6 %)ÿ&*ù)

(269)   !

(270) )/D6fl þ$C C7%)  C9 « »FÈ û È « ¬ 3 ­ò * 9J67 8

(271) (:

(272)   òD%*  8

(273)  >

(274) ÅÆjo;¥ %'a6 g®D'%*E¨¬­*­­,mY&6Í

(275)   ž ­­­"A¨'6øÈ` '%a<J   W þ/,

(276) ¾%& þ¯þ$&6 6 %*,

(277) CJ6 

(278) & jog› %) )

(279) /Co3 E žDŸ©*© my3 û )'C C%)%)C8 162@7

(280)  kA¨Å 6 8%

(281)  2ÿ ),

(282) D6$8KD%y

(283)  

(284)  3 7óö‹ú÷ {õnõ)û{õ<ö. ¡h*67I

(285) 8*C C 9EMH

(286) G@,

(287)  )6a * $%€ þCÿ0)&

(288)  

(289) %'  _, D)E-%'ÉGlÿ0%y

(290) C›7

(291) '%

(292)  É6°þc %)),

(293) C  9 °0 ¶  >jHëF) k

(294) pC"38EM¬­*­­*mE W*GWþ/*6

(295)  ` * ¨@€þÀ

(296) `)D61 * 9E%)nÿ

(297) 6/l ÿ&%' *%

(298) 'E&& 6 ÿ&D6Y

(299)   =

(300) k þ$

(301)      8iI

(302) ¥A¨) )½ %y

(303) C89a

(304)  K*  C%C Æ\ ÿ0)D%'bD%y

(305)  

(306) J

(307)  *%*:

(308)  ­ % þc767C F` A`¢8J¸5 3 ž 3;¥%*E

(309)  (67). nãGáWs F s™ދÜëyä@çpâ‹édçpߎé"!NÜ\çäŽí«ßRÜÜiâ«Þ«çpâ«ÝiÜœ>Üiâ3ä/Û«ßRàWÝiÜiëŽës %)7678 `C8 ÅC8  76E

(310) 

(311) N þc®@'Iþc$  #yE -k þ¯ÿ C89=

(312)  iC8 &

(313)  /0

(314) ¨ %D6/%)C8D/\ÿ0)D%'c *8

(315) 5

(316)  `   %)& þ¯ÿ0)

(317) 6Y%)C8DY%)

(318) > % þc767)C *, - +/. 1032 % j4  ( *,+5.  m %'&  )( *,+. jž m. A`) * ƒÿD*

(319) '5

(320)  F)

(321) ›+%C c*%*:

(322)  %þc767)C ÿ&'Iþc

(323) )')E * - Wÿ D,

(324) >&þcø)

(325) a$@**

(326) "6 ÿ&'Iþc

(327) )'(A` %'¹þcW92 %C 67¢ * ò$kþ¯ÿ C 6D6 l ÿ0)%'¸  þ/767C Ep6 .  67)

(328) DJ

(329)  Æ 6 6 )¼%)C8D l ÿ0)%'K:

(330) '

(331) *3 ¤k þ¯ÿ C8G %W þ/,

(332) %' ƒ þcD¨

(333) )&6Y

(334) /0p9c! 0% ),

(335) ¨6c

(336) Å`

(337)  ¥@*C8C A`  G@þ   287:9.  (   +; *= - <. jo¬*m. ¬. ¡ =)%)ƒþc),

(338) ¨ 6c*c

(339)  F@,

(340)  )6¯ÿ&'Iþ/ )

(341)  * - 6Éf&C C89a8&67ƒÿ0)6 ),

(342) /`

(343)  ò%

(344) C *%*:

(345)  %Cþc767)Cgÿ&'Iþc

(346) )' * ª 8¨

(347)  Y8îc * -  l þ$C CoE

(348)  F) &%)ƒ þc),ª

(349) þ$W9f0`H*:

(350) D3 « %)),

(351) C  8

(352) n þ¢E56a2

(353)  1@'Iþc)A¨ÅME f%)C8C  6 7°04¶  M3 7°0 ¶  ÿ

(354) 8

(355)  &¥

(356)  ( * 9d%)

(357) %1l ÿ%)18 ò @,

(358) "6$np<J< A`8

(359) 

(360)  >B%€ þCÿ0),

(361) 3¡  ¥)½ ÿ&D%y

(362) D6 C8 

(363)  %)C8D(l ÿ0)%'(  )1

(364)  ¨%nÿ7

(365) D61l ÿ&%'   þc6 )C 6K,9Y±  ÿ  %)"A`EC8  D@ %y

(366) 8*ò6 ƒ ÿ0)6   fc

(367) F) *8*/ $

(368)  .*%*:

(369)  %`l ÿ*%.

(370) * - m 7:9  @?BADCFE jHG (  I+J. C_ ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT.  (  I+J *, - +G <.  {    ( G$| C`_ C_ j ž *¬ m -\ ] C_ 27uz  - ] 27:9 j  {   m j  {   m1} ( G < { 3 a

(371) -\ ] 3 -\ ] }Ój ž ,m. jK*m. A`8

(372) ò

(373)  ±ÿ&,:

(374) )8* 6  

(375) 87

(376)  ¢i%€þ¯ÿ&* ),

(377) LGl6 .  D6Y. 7°0 ¶  /* A`Y

(378) (0G_*I

(379) .k¹M%

(380)  p%€ þCÿ0)   

(381) 8*eC8 *I

(382) nþË*ô

(383)  a

(384) 6 6 « »FÈ û È « %) ÿjoë=&ÿnÿ0¥)

(385) 5C"3 ED¬­*­ ž my3ý

(386) h)ú$%)8,

(387) 58%)i

(388) i@

(389)  ›n ÿM6 

(390) H

(391) 3D¡  ª  þ$ 1%,:

(392) +

(393)  W  > np C 

(394) 8*- 1D_*&

(395)   žž

(396) F%' *i

(397)  ¨*%*:

(398)  %›). *8*Y6k7%

(399) 6$%)D%y

(400)  c 3. C. *, - +G 0 N - % &  )(O PRQSUTV N - S W - +5X 0 % &   ( *,. E & G (  M+ * - 0 2 C. jHï,m. A`  N - 0

(401) ®%)&þ¯ÿ0 *

(402) ,ÿ  D3¡  ®)½{ÿ0%

(403) D6=C   - + G < ¨

(404)   h

(405)  G%)C8DKlÿ0)%' ÿ0*

(406) )  7 9  (  I+ *, þcY C`_ C`_. - + G 03?JY &  ª  [Z ^ -\ ] %W&  (  I+ *,. A` %'YC 6i

(407) . - ] + a

(408). 0. ¡h*67I

(409) 8*C®

(410) &6 '6d)%)ƒ þc),

(411) p%' Wþc=

(412) 

(413) * C 9ônÿM6 

(414) 2

(415)  2@D

(416) 2D%y

(417) d6 ÿ*ò

(418)   J *pI 8

(419) 1A/

(420) c

(421)  $%C 2l ÿ&%'a

(422) ò

(423) Y67%)6 )DE &W/D%),

(424) C89d0)l)½,

(425) )6 6>

(426) ¢ ý %

(427) .%

(428) ' *

(429) :9 =

(430)  ò6     5. ÿ %)(8

(431) )C8:g 3 ý#

(432) D6bFn þ/   d

(433)  $@D

(434) k%)C8D  . ÿ 7%DG1)½ %y

(435) DE+

(436)  .  ÿ0*

(437) )8* % j  (  I+ * - mf  ÿ&D6É

(438) l

(439) ò*%&:

(440)   % þc67 C Eƒÿ ),

(441)   K

(442)  c &%)

(443) 8,

(444) :9d >

(445)  $%€ þCÿ0)&

(446) 8*+3M¡  ±  þcdi

(447)   .67:

(448)   7

(449) 8*J`

(450) fD:

(451) N þ$

(452)   E, 7

(453) ¨A`I

(454) kY*7%

(455) 6/ %`

(456) 

(457) þcW9/0¥

(458)  )½ ÿ&D%y

(459) D6c_, )®0

(460)  ` %W þ/,

(461) 3¡  g  ÿ ÿ0)ò@)'c

(462) b

(463)  òI ÿnÿ,%'ÍlN*TyV)P)ÃyÐWU]o^HN\eÂ7\MX'PÃyR ]#U^!\&]oÒEC8

(464)  * p8

(465) ++C  &)G%)C8C 6. &%)

(466) 8.  )

(467) 8*i %

(468) ' c)

(469)  c67D%767  1  «  A¨,76Y6d4C8W þ/,

(470) pjo¬­­*¬*m. 6 þc*p%*7@8 *C89 @6Ó

(471) ÍK %

(472) ' ,

(473) :9Í6 %767  &EA` %'¾¢  ÿ0)/&%) C8C 9fN þc C i 7

(474) i@ &6 I þc),

(475) 'C C89/67I¹M)),

(476) D3¡   %' W þ/ ›67W ÿ  %

(477) D6f $¸58 &3¬=A` %'$%)f0¥%€ þ¯ÿ6 A`8

(478) ò¸58 &3 ž 3. C`_.  (  I+ *, - + G < ?  [Z ^ -\ ]. 7W9. j  m. ¬ 3 ž 3 Ï TV)PÃyÐU]"^HN\òÂ7\0X'P)Ãy] U^!\]"Ò. jK*m. û !

(479) 2

(480)  b  7°0 ¶  ¢@þ  aD_,

(481) 8*;  ¢(k þCÿC8 6 9$ C 9YIÿÿ C89  f

(482)  .  7%) 

(483) 6YA`I

(484) k

(485)  þc,:

(486) C 8Å*)C 9Y%& þ¯ÿ0 ,c

(487) Gd=h

(488)  p%*nÿ7

(489) 6K\ ÿ0)D%'ònp&:  "  þ/8½

(490)  šþc767C5j"np<J<>m  @27 9.  (  )C+; fM*e _- +G d <. 2  [Z. jê m j© m. -\ ]. _ \ÿ0)D%'Í knÿ06

(491) D6Ókþ¯ÿ C 9Æ9 ; *Ei

(492) >%*nÿ7

(493) Cf/6Í ¥

(494) ¨ *h*%

(495)  -\ ] EA` %'/ h

(496) `½ÿ&D%y

(497) 6fWC8 678¹0%p0

(498) :A¨)k

(499)  1%C K&6K%)nÿ

(500) 6K\ ÿ0)D%'+E %) 

(501) D6$A`I

(502) ò

(503)  ­  þc*>

(504) ÿ *C8F  :  GdF K

(505)   %)

(506) %$l ÿ%)3-¡  1G

(507)  )É&D6É67 8 l67%)6 8. ›Wÿ D,

(508) 

(509) 8*&

(510)  =%)C8D$\ ÿ0)D%'/@

(511)  `%

(512) *3 ¡   %*nÿ7

(513) 6G%)

(514) %l ÿ*%¨np<><ÎA`8

(515) g  >Ì%& þ¯ÿ0  *

(516) '› *8*)Y9. 2 CA. C - +G 0 N- W % &   ( *,. Q. %W&   ( * - 0h2 C A Q. TV. C. C`_. N - Yji   ª \ k ] T V . jŸ m C`_ + a ] kjl. nãGáWsIñDs™7ޫܪàì«ëŽÜißKxpçäŽãGàâ'í«â‹Ý\Üißyä@çpãGâ3ävè~!Nàß"œps. j ž ­*m. &6c

(517)  þc*

(518) C 8Å*)C 9/%)&þ¯ÿ&* ),

(519) ¨67

(520) )þ/  D6$9. ¡ +8

(521)  ›%)C8DGl ÿ&%'p@

(522)  iD%y

(523)  A2%  67)6º²þ(CI

(524) 8

(525) ¢np Æ67:

(526)   7

(527) 8* c Y `j   + a€ myEy

(528)  67D%767  `C 8Å*)C 8 76FD_*8M ,

(529) ) * 

(530) 8*YC  C ÿ&,8C8¥C8 D. G d 2. C. Cnm *, - + G 0)p  gþ$½ N - E &  o(". j ž*ž m.  5+ .  +5‚ 0 % &  o( *,+ *,. ¡  i%*%

(531)  F%

(532) *M%)F0i

(533) kþ$

(534) 6F  `

(535) )) 6 

(536) r  qdA`8

(537) k

(538)  =@C C8A`  G@*lþf C  sut âäRÞ«ãGëÛdçpÛIÜißlåpëRäRÜ\ßRÜiàé«çä@çgߎÜ1!NÜiߎënäŽà/äwv,àgÛ«çpß@'ç G:Ü «Ý@Þdçpâ‹â«:Ü Gë<àI! çpí«é«ãGà«åvã äŽÞ±àâ«ÜcÛ«ßRà/xWãGé«ãGâ«áxçߎÜiÝiàߎé‹ãGâ«áxàI!,Ý:GÜ\çpâCëRÛIÜ\ÜiÝ@ÞédçäŽç çpâ«é äRÞ«Ü'àpäRÞ«Üiß­ç¯â«àãGëyè:x3ÜißRëŽãGàâ àI!ªäRÞ«Ü'Ü1y«çpÝ]ä­ëŽ'ç œ>Ü'çpÝiàí«ëRäRãGÝ ëŽÛIÜiÜiÝ@,Þ s. ?Rƒ„† % j  (   +; * - m % j  ( *,+5.  mˆ‡ ƒ „ Y 2. . 2JY. _.  _. j ª  +‰ a € m Yji  ª \^]UŠ + a ]UŠ ‡  _ l _. i   ª \ ]Š. + a ]Š. Z a€  l. j ž ïm  j žD  m. j ž ,m.

(539) ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT. ; ‹  Y , º

(540)  J%C ô\ÿ0)D%'Í

(541) kþc

(542) *E$ ¥  *lþ$C C 96ÿ 767&%6ü@€þ 

(543) &_ 6 '6 )_ %)ƒþc),

(544) %' ƒ þc ª

(545)   ÿ&'Iþc

(546) )' \ ]Š 6Fa ]Š 67) 

(547) 

(548) ±  þcJ6¢%)Gnp&  ‚  d

(549)  /%C  l ÿ&%'Æ*%&:

(550)  ¡ % þ/767C * D6É@*/67D%767  3®¡    %$¹M

(551) a  € 1

(552)  Y½ ÿ0%

(553) 6Æ_,$G

(554)  ) &C f %)_ ƒ þc),

(555) ÿ7%D&3 ý#b  7°0 ¶  G

(556)    a € 2 . j žê m. %) * I

(557) 8* 97

(558) ƒþ$e%'ü*Í

(559)  4¨» ì¨**6 %)*:

(560) ÿ=)A¥29

(561) Wþ jH¦pkþ 

(562) aCo3 E1¬­*­*m3=<d*)DE`

(563)    %)$6 678

(564)  ap 

(565) (*Gkþ¯ÿ C8/

(566) JIÿnÿ C 9>*)EM@* )½ I þ¯ÿ C E-¢%)C   K

(567)  $ %D1 ’Í

(568) cnp þcC8

(569)  ò

(570) )þþ

(571) 

(572) . =C C89¢%)*%'  6 þf

(573) F0 #%€ þ¯ÿ 7

(574) D63 « ¨:

(575) '

(576) 6Y  « A¨,76$6ò4C ƒ þc),

(577) ' j"¬­*­*¬mEn þc8 2

(578) 

(579) dnp øC 

(580) 8*Y%€ þ/ ÿ    ­ “ÊG

(581)  >

(582) 

(583) 'Cp%€ þCÿ7

(584) 

(585)  ô%,:

(586) KG

(587) '  %  8 1\ ÿ0)D%'+E

(588) ¥ D6f6 6 8 G%

(589) ' *

(590) :9 /I ÿnÿ W½7N þ$

(591) )C ” 9 “k3hÿ=)*)

(592)  C8DE-I ÿÿ C89  d

(593)    %)Gn ÿM6 

(594) 1A`I

(595) JY8 *C8G *C8*C- %

(596) ' ,

(597) :9k H¨%'I ÿ0)

(598) Y½ ÿ0) š  þc767CI 6/

(599) %'  _, D %'À*d£F¡¥¤ %)& þ¯ÿ&

(600)  -E=g<l4ü>¯°± ²³´Wµ+¶W³ A` %'Jƒ ÿ

(601) C89$n ÿM6 

(602) 1D%'¢%*

(603) ­ % þ/767C-%€ þ/ ÿ0),

(604) `86 867C C 9Y67ƒ ÿ0)6 8 c*Y

(605) F)¹0D%y

(606)  +

(607)  Fc

(608) &

(609) np+3  ÿ*%y

(610) %i *6. C8

(611) +&W®&)1*7

(612) 86 ð   C88( &  /)

(613)  $%

(614) ' *

(615) :9djoì-8í

(616) )î.

(617) `C"3 E¬­­ï ª ëF) k

(618) pC"38EM¬­*­*¬ ª ¤,

(619) *7

(620) J

(621) pC"38EM¬­­ï ª ðÀ*ñ CI@C56 ¸& 0)C"E+¬­*­ ê mE

(622)  )(FK%*%+3MëFl ÿ I

(623) 1

(624)    ÿ) n þ¯ÿ7

(625) 8*b

(626) &

(627) c) %D6É&

(628) 8*'  þ$W92 

(629) f0 )½ %y

(630) Y)W þc$)&  C E®

(631) ò C8

(632)   É67%)7678 l@*lþ. *8*)G 1_,

(633)   ž ï=67¥ 

(634) 5& ÿnÿ&D-

(635) =›@€þÑ,9 þ$

(636)  W þc

(637) %)C›@'Iþc)A¨ÅM3Mg®&I ÿ.

(638)   ( (A`9J

(639)  %)g  ÿ€ÿ ,

(640) D6f)W þ§ C CI#%*678

(641)   D6ù

(642)  )9$ 6 )ƒ þcD6/

(643) pC  * 6/N þ¯ÿ %) GjHëF) (

(644) C"3 E*¬­*­*¬mE 6 %D6=9=H%

(645) M

(646) $jo¤,

(647) 7

(648) ).

(649) -C"3 Ey¬­­ï,myE' 

(650) ÿ0)@þ$%)¨%)& þ¯ÿD6G

(651) G

(652) 6 '61 %W þ/,

(653) 5  8 * )¥¤7ÿFȼjHì¨-Ií

(654) )îp

(655) `C"3 E7¬­­ï,myE,¨  FN þ¯ÿ ) þc*

(656) '+A` %'167& ÿnÿ0-A`I

(657) (6 & ÿ7

(658) 

(659)  $j ðÀ*ñ CI@C,6 ¸& 0)C"E,¬­­ ê my3;=)%)ECI

(660)   / * i&W &)c 

(661) '  6J  k

(662)  F

(663) %'  _, *E&8

(664) þ$W9ò&/8AD6JF )  

(665) %E6Y 7%¥I ÿnÿ,%'+3. a- ]. &6d%)d0(D:

(666) Nþ$

(667) 6d@€þ 

(668) Y6 

(669) 'Y=8JD_,

(670)   ž  3 û

(671)  )K) %Wþc),

(672) k%'ƒþcY%Í0J*:  C89l½

(673) 676a

(674)  ÿ ,67c

(675)   1W&%E+@1)½7&þ¯ÿ C8 %* 67  p@*lþ$,

(676) ›@_, %   ÿ

(677) -1 ) :

(678)  % þ/D fjH;=kC þc

(679) `C"38E žŸ*Ÿ,ê m ª &  c1A¨) ,

(680) D6 ÿ0C 9,& þc C¥@ &%y

(681)  ep

(682) 2¤7ÿFÈ  Ó

(683)  lC8* Æl ÿ&D%y

(684) 'CM67€ þc8 « A¨,76$6K4C ƒ þc),

(685) .jo¬­­,¬m ª 7

(686) 88 /

(687)  ƒ þ @&þþ  ÿ&'Iþc

(688) 2 % þc767)C-

(689)  1%C  l ÿ&%'ejoë= 2

(690) YC"3 Ei¬­­,¬myEh

(691) ¢%)C *% ð )  )ŒC8

(692) GjHì¨)h8í

(693) îF)

(694) Co3 E ¬­*­ï,mi 'ÿ

(695)  %)C83  C8

(696) )Gj ðÀñ C8@)C &6Y¸ &CoE7¬­*­ ê my3 « Ç *

(697) )

(698)   Ó&

(699) 8*  %

(700) ' ,

(701) :9ô@þ 

(702) 

(703)  þc767)C8 6 @D

(704)  þ) &%)ƒ þc),

(705) jH<Jì $ ¸ m

(706) D%'  _, f)½

(707) )&676J

(708) ¢%)%) ,

(709) F@p)

(710) 8*d 7 %

(711) ' ,

(712) :9(jo¤,

(713) 7

(714) )p

(715) -Co3 E)¬­*­ïmy3 ý

(716) +M 

(717) ' C i&D%) C 8Å*c

(718)  $@,

(719) "6ò·: ,

(720) 1 %

(721) ' ,

(722) :9l67D%767  d@þ 67%)D6Y k

(723)  p ½

(724) ¥D%y

(725) 8*+E /np<><  ƒ þf&D6 676  º

(726)  d@,

(727)  )&6º6Íò·: *

(728) k6  

(729) 87

(730)  Í0

(731) :A¨))

(732) º%C À6Ç%)ÿ7

(733) D6Ç\ ÿ0)D%'Ç a%€ þCÿ7

(734) D6 @ *%'e%)& þ¯ÿ&* ),

(735) D3¥<Jì  ¸ B678¹M)'¢8Ñ

(736) &

(737) ¢

(738)  ¢·:*8,

(739) 67:

(740)   7

(741) 8*ôk6ô

(742) ø%& þ¯ÿ 

(743) J

(744)  2%C ôl ÿ0)%' ÿ0*

(745) ) DE`A` )2

(746)  º%C Çl ÿ&%' 

(747) k þ$

(748) É@> ÿ

Références

Documents relatifs

Instead of estimat- ing the uncertainty directly in the feature domain, it is esti- mated in the spectral domain by using the Wiener filter then propagated via VTS, resulting in a

Tableau n27 : Caractéristiques liées à la chirurgie et à la prise en charge post opératoire des nouveau-nés admis pour laparoschisis.. Tableau n28 : Répartition des décès en

In the stage of spectral integration the dendritic structure is exploited in the correlogram domain to segregate each frame of the mixture into spectral groups, such that the

Then, in section 3, we give some details on two recent- ly proposed denoising methods which are based on single sensor source separation algorithms: adaptive Wiener fil- tering

A travers ce chapitre, nous essaierons dans un premier temps d’élucider la composition urbaine en essayant d’effectuer une lecture de paysage de la ville de Mascara dans

The language model is trained by using two cor- pora: GigaWord 3 Arabic corpus and the acoustic training data transcriptionH. GigaWord corpus was collected from nine sources

In our proposed accent identification system using phonotactic features, multilingual resources are being used to capture the pattern and degree of changes with

Irene is the recognition system developed at IRISA. It is based on word-synchronous beam-search algorithm with HMM acoustic modeling and n-gram linguistic models with a vocabulary