ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃ
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚ
ﺝ
–
ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ
ﺕ
ﰊﺮﻌﻟ
ﺔﻴﺑ
يبرعلا بدلأا يف س
ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ : ﺃ. ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ
2014
ﺔﲨﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳ
ﺱﺭ
"
ةريوبلا ةعماج
ﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ
ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺪﻨﳏ ﻲﻠﻛﺃ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺝﺎﳊﻭﺃ
ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﺑﺩﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﲣ
ّكذم
ّدقم ةر
دلأا يف سناسيل ةداھش لينل ةم
ﻲ ﺔﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ
:
2013
/
14
ﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺭ
"
ﺱﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ
ﺩﺍﺪﺣ ﻚﻟﺎﳌ
ّكذم
ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ : ﻲﻠﻠﻴﺜ ﺵﺒﻴﺭﺘ ﺔﻤﻁﺎﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺸ ةريوبلا ةعماجﺤﻧ ،ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﹼﻥﺇ
ﻤ
ﺘﺴﻧﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻧﻭ ﻩﺪ
ﻐ
ﺫﻮﻌﻧﻭ ﻩﺮﻔ
ﺎﻨﻟﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺳﻭ ،ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻧﺃ ﺭﻭﺮﺷ ﻦﻣ ﷲﺎﺑ
.
ﷲﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻥﻮﻋﻭ ﺪﻨﺳ ﺮﻴﺧ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻦﻤﻟ ﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﻓﺮﻋ
ﻪﺋﺎﻴﺿ ﻲﻓ ﻢﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ،ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ
ﺍﺮﻜﺷ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻈﺘﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻖﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﺭﺎﻧﺇﻭ
ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
::::
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ
ﺔﻤﺣﺭ ﻩﺎﻔﻄﺻﺍﻭ ﻪﻤﹼﻈﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﻼﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﻤﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻳ ﻻ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ
ﻦﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻠﻟ
ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ
ﻦﻴﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﺳﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺣ ﺾﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻨﺘﻘﺳﻭ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺒﺷ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻫﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻲﺑﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ ﺢﺠﻧﻷ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﺤﺿﻭ ﺡﺎﺗﺭﻷ
،ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻﻭ
ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﻃﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫ ﻲﻣﺃ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻲﺳﺃﺭ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻗﻭ
،ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻲﺑﺃ ،ﺐﻠﻗ ﺮﺒﻛﺃﻭ ﻦﺣﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﺓﺮ
ﻲﻟ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ
ﻖﻠﺨﻟﺍﻭ
ﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺑﺃ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺑ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻩﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ
ﺔﻠﻴﻬﺳﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻬﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﻮﺧﺃﻭ ﺎﻨﻟ ﷲﺍ ﻪﻈﻔﺣ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﻲﺧﺃ ﻲﺣﻭﺭ ﺀﺎﻘﺷﺃ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﺣﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ
.
ﺔﻋﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺗﻮﺧﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﻲﻤﻋ ﻰﻟﺇﻭ ،ﻲﺗﺪﺟﻭ ﻱﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ
.
ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﹼﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇﻭ
.
ﻢﻬﺘﻌﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﻓ ﺓﺮﻫﺰﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﻣﺃﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺒﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﹼﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻲﺗﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻢﻬﻌﺴﺗ ﻢﻟﻭ ﻲﺗﺮﻛﺍﺫ
.
،ﻲﻨﺘﻋر نﺎﻨﺤﻟا نﻮﻴﻌﺑو ،ﻲﻨﺘّﺑر ﺐﺤﻟا يﺪﻳأو ،ﻲﻨﺗﺪﻟو عﺎﺟوﻷا طﺎﺴﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻰﻟإ ءﺎـﻓﻮﻟاو ﺔﻴﺤﻀﺘﻟا ﺔّﻤﻗ ﻰﻟإ ،ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﺖﻓأﺮﻟا رﺪﺼﺑو ﺔﺒﻴﺒﺤﻟا ﻲﻣأ ﻰﻟإ ﻰﻟإ ،ﺔّﻳﺮﺤﻟا ﻲﻧاﺪﻫأو ﺔﻘﺜﻟا ﻲﻧﺎﻄﻋأ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟإ ،رﺎﻈﺘﻧا نوﺪﺑ ءﺎﻄﻌﻟا ﻲﻨﻤّﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﻰﻠﻋﻷا ﻲﻠﺜﻣ ﻲﻟﺎﻐﻟا يﺪﻟاو ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺤﻴﻠﺻ ﻲﺘﺧأ ،ةﺮﺳﻷا ﺔﻧﺎﺤﻳرو ،يراﺮﺳأ ﺔﻤﺗﺎﻛو ،ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﺮﻜﺑ ﻰﻟإ ﻰﻠﻴﻟ ﺔﺴﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﻲﺗاﻮﺧأ ﺮﻐﺻأ ﻰﻟإ ةﺰﻤﺣو ﺮﻴﻤﺳ ،ﺪّﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺧأ ﻪﻤﺋﺎﻋدو ﺖﻴﺒﻟا نﺎﻛرأ ﻰﻟإ لءﺎـﻔﺘﻟاو ةءاﺮﺒﻟا ﺰﻣر ﻰﻟإ ﻲﻋﺎﺟوأ ﻲّﻨﻋ ﺪﻌﺒﻳو ﻲﺒﻠـﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟا ﺚﺒﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟإ سرﺎـﻓ ﻲﺧأ مﺎﺘﺨﻟا ﻚﺴﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﻫﺪّﻣأو ﺎﻤﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﷲا لﺎﻃأ ،ةﺮﻫزو ﺔﻤﻃﺎـﻓ ّﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻛﺮﺑ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻟاو ﺪﻤﺣأ ﻲﻟﺎﺧ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻟاﻮﺧأو ﻲﻣﺎﻤﻋأ ّﻞﻛ ﻰﻟإ ﻢﻳﺮﻣو ةﺪﻴﻬﺟ ،ﺔﺤﻴﻠﺻ ،ﺔﻤﻃﺎـﻓ ،ةرﺎﺳ ،ﻰﻧﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻠﻠﻴﺛ ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻳﺪﺻ ّﻞﻛ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻘﻴﻔﺷ ﻲﻟ ﺎﻧﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ةرﺎـﻗ فﺮﺸﻤﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﻲﺒﻠـﻗ ﻢﻬﻌﺳوو ﻲﻤﻠـﻗ ﻢﻬﻴﺴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟإ
~ 1 ~ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ :
ﻱﺩﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻴﺼﺭ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻫﺎﺴ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻨﺜﻭﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺨﺯﻴ ﺯﻭﺭﺒ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻔﻀﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﺘﻴﺼ ﻉﻭﻴﺫﻭ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺕﺯﺭﻓﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ،ﺔﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ . ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﺘ ﻻ ﻬﺒﺎﺴﻜﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﻹ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻜ ﻪﻨﻭﺠﻬﺘﻨﻴ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻝﺎﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﺒﺼ ﺎ ﺔﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺼﻭ ﻡﻬﺼﹼﻨ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺭﺃ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝ ﻰﻓﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ . لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻨﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻭ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﻭ ،ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻨﻷﻭ ،ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻘﺒﹸﻁ . ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺴﻜﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻗﻷ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﺤﺭﺴ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎﻨﻴﺌﺘﺭﺇ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﺭﺎﻤﻏ ﺽﻭﺨﻨﻝﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻗﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ : ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺍﻭﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻔﹼﻅﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ؟ﻪﻋ " ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤ " ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﻭﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ " ﺫﻴﻤﻠﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ " ؟. ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻨﻴ لﺨﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓﻭ
~ 2 ~ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻊﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﻁﻴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ . ﻩﺎﻨﻭﻨﻌﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ " : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ "( ، ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺜ ،ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻻﻭﺃ . ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ " ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ " ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ "، ﺎﻨﻤﺩﻗ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ " ﻙﻝﺎﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﺤ " ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، " ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸ " ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ، ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺡﺎﺠﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺎﻨﺴﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻊﻔﺸﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ،ﺎﻤ . ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺼﺭﺒ ﹼﺕﻠﻔﻜﺘ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﺒ ﺎﻨﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻨﻴﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ . ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﹼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﹼﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﹼﻨﻤ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ . ﻲﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ : • ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ " ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ." • ،لﻭﻴﻤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺘ " ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ." • ،ﺩﺼﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ " ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ." • ،ﻡﹼﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ .
~ 3 ~ • ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻤﻋ " ﻲﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ." ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ،ﺎﻨﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻤﺠﺭﹼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ ،ﺩﻴﻘﻜ ﺓﺭﹼﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺠﻬﹼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻼﻴﺼﻔﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ . ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻌﺴﻴ ﻻﻭ " ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺓﺭﺎﻗ " ﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﹼﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﻝ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻﺍﻭ لﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﹼﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺘﻭﻔﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻭﻤﹼﻠﻋ . ﻙﻠﻤﻨ ﻻﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻕﹼﻓﻭ ﺩﻗ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻪﺌﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻭﺒﺼﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ .
~ 5 ~ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺤﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺎﻬﺘ ﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻯ ﺭﺎﻀﺤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﺃ ﻴﺒﺩ ﺔ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝ ﺁ ﻥﻴﺭﺨ ، ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻤﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻪﻴ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﺒ " ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ Intertextuality "، ﺼﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺢﻠﻁ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤ ﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺄﺸﻨ ﺩﻘ ﻴ ﺔ ﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ،ﺔ ﻌﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻰﹼﺘﺤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ، ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺃ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻔ لﻭﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺜﺍﺭﺘ ، » ] ﺩﻘﻓ [ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ " ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ،ﻪﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺒﻬﺴﺃﻭ ﺍﻭﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇﻭ ﹼﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﺒ ،ﺓﺩﺭﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﻩﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻩﻭﺴﺭﺩﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﺍﻭﺤﺭﻁﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤـ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻫﺫﺘ ﺓﺭﻓﺍﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻏ " ﻥﻴﻤﻀﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺌﻭﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻪﻨﺴﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ " ﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭ " ﻑ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺯﺎﻨﻤﻭ " ﺓﺭﺎﻏﻹﺍ " ﻭ" ﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻁ " ﻭ " ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻔﻠﺘ " ﻭ" ﺦﻠﺴﻝﺍ ..." ﺦﻝﺇ . « (1) ﺎﻨﻝ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ،ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﺯﹼﻜﺭﻤ ﺹﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﹼﻜﺸﻴﻝ ﺏﺌﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ . ﺈﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻜﻤ ﺎ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨ ، ﺔﻴﻤﺯﻼﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﻓ ﻴﺤ ﺏﺌﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺙ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﺘ ﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔ ، ،ﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺎﻤﻋﺩ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﻜﻴﻭ ﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺫ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍ " لﻭﻴﻤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺘ " ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺼﻤ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁ » ﻩﺭﻬﻅﻤ لﻀﻔﺒ ) 1 ( ،ﻲﻝﻭﺒﺩﻤ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻼﺤﺘﻨﻤ ﺱﻴﻨﻭﺩﺃ ،ﺩﺎﻬﺠ ﻡﻅﺎﻜ 1993 ﺹ ،ﻡ 12 .
~ 6 ~ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻤﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭ ﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻠﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻊ ،ﺔ ﺎﻬﻌﻁﺎﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻭ « ) 1 ( . ﻨﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎ ﻴ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻨﻤﺯﻠ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ) ،ﻑﻭﺭﺩﻭﺘ ،ﺕﻴﻨﺠ ﺵﻴﺭﻨﻴﺎﻓ (... ) 2 ( ، ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﻫﺫ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺒﻁﻨﻴ ﻡﻬﻴﺃﺭﻭ " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ، ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻥﹼﻜﻤﺘﻨ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻔﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺘﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺩﺒﻼﻓ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ) 3 ( . ﺎﻤﻜ ﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﹼﻠﺜ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰ " ﺵﻴﻝ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻭﺸ " ) 4 ( ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻼﺼﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ ، ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ، » ] ﻥﺃ [ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ لﺼﹼﺘﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﺘﻴﻁﺨ ﻕﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ « ) 5 ( . ﻭﻫ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺎﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻠﻝ ﻤﺃ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎ ﹼﻘﻠﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻴ ﻱﺃ ﻪﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ،ﻪﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺩﻌﺒ » ﺃﺩﺒﻴ ﻻ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ) ﻲﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ( ﻲﻔﺘﺨﻴ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻪﻔﹼﻝﺅﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻔ ّلﺤﺘ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﻪﻌﻤ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻓ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺩﺎﺤﹼﺘﺇ ،ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،لﻭﻴﻤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺘ 2007 ﺹ ،ﻡ 10 . ) 2 ( -ﻅﻨﻴ ﺭ : ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ -ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ -ﻁ 2 ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺹ 10 . ) 3 ( -ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ،ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻁ ،ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ 4 ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، 2005 ،ﻡ ﺹ 42 . ) 4 ( -ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺹ ، 44 . ) 5 ( -ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺹ ، 44 .
~ 7 ~ ﺤﻝﺍ ّلﺤﻤ ﻲﻫﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺍﻭ « ) 1 ( ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻓ ، ﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻫ ﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﻨﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺭﺒﻴ . ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ، " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ " ﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹼﺜﻤﻴ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ل ﻴﺤﻁﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻨﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ، . ) 1 ( ﻲﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻤﻋ – ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻘﻤ -ﻁ 1 ،ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2003 ،ﻡ ﺹ 15 .
ﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ
ل
:
ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
)
ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ
(
1
-لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ
:
ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
.
1 -1 ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . ﺃ ﺔﻐﻝ . ﺏ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺇ . 1 -2 ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . ﺃ ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ ﺩﻨﻋ . ﺏ ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻨﻋ .2
-
ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﺜ
:
ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ
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لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 9 ~ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ 1 -1 ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ﺃ ﺔﻐﻝ : » ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ : ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﻙﻌﹾﻓﺭ . ﺎﺼﻨ ﻪﺼﻨﻴ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ : ﻪﻌﹶﻓﺭ . ّلﻜﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺭﹺﻬﻅﺃ : ﺹﹸﻨ ﺩﻘﻓ . لﺎﻗﻭ " ﺭﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻥﺒ ﺭﻤﻋ " : ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻠﻝ ﺹﹶﻨﺃ ﻼﺠﺭ ﺕﻴﺃﺭ ﺎﻤ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﻗ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺩﻨﺴﺃﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻊﻓﺭﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺭﻫﺯﻝﺍ : ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ . ﻱﺃ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻅﻔﻝ ﺭﻫﺎﻅ لﺩ ﺎﻤ « ) 1 ( . ﺏ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ،ﺓﺩﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺹﹼﻨﻠﻝ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠﻓ " لﻭﻘﺘ : » ] ﻪﹼﻨّﺃ [ ﻲﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺎﻓ ، ﻪﻌﻤ ﺔﻨﻤﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ « ) 2 ( . ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ، ﺀﺎﻀﻓ لﺨﺍﺩﻓ ﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﻁﺎﻘﺘﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔ ، ﺹﻨ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺕﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺇ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ . ) 1 ( -ﻥﺒﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ، ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ، ﺞﻤ 13 ، ﻁ 4 ، ﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ 2005 ﻡ ﺹ، 271 . ) 2 ( -ﻁ ،ﻲﻫﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ 2 ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،لﺎﻘﺒﻭﺘ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 1997 ﺹ ،ﻡ 21 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 10 ~ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻗ ﻩﺩﺠﻨﻓ : » ﹼﻨﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻴ ﺔ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ) ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻭﺃ ( ﻭ ،ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻓ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺒ ﻭ ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔ « ) 1 ( . ﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻴ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ﺒﻋ ﻭ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎ ﺹﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺞﹶﺘﻨﹸﺘ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﺼﻨ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ . 1 -2 ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ : ﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ : ﻑﺭﻌﺘ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : » ] ﻪﹼﻨﺃ [ ﻭ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ « ) 2 ( . ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ " ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ ﻻ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ لﻜﻓ ، ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ . ﺏ ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻨﻋ : ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ " ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻑﺭﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ : » ] ﻥﺃ [ ﻱﺃ ﻨ ﺹ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻋﻭﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺴﻨﺠ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻔﻴﻜ ) 1 ( -ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ، ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ – ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ -ﺹ 32 . ) 2 ( ﺭﻤﻋ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻲﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺹ ، 44 ، 45 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 11 ~ ﺎﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻊﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ « ) 1 ( ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺫﺇ " ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ، ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻘﺒﺴ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﺔﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ . ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺇ ﺎﻨﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﻓ ، ﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ " ﻥﻴﺘﺨﺎﺒ " ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﹼﻠﺤ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ » ﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇﻭ ﻭ ،ﺎﺤﺎﺠﻨ ّلﻗﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻡﺩ ﻭﻫ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ) ﻡﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ( ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻭ ) ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ( « ) 2 ( ، ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺴﻨﻨ ﻻ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺕﻘﺒﺴ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫﺭﺇ " ﻥﻴﺘﺨﺎﺒ " ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺘﺎﻔﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻤﺃ ﺎ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻜ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ " » ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﹼﻠﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺘﺭﻬﻅ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﺎﻘﻤ لﻼﺨ ) لﻴﺎﺘ لﻴﻜ TELQUEL ( ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﺸﻨ ﺩﻴﻋﺃ ﹼﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔ 1969 ﻡ ﻭ ، ﺕﻠﻤﺤ ﻲﻝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ " ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ "، ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ لﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻭﺘﺤﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺤﻭ ﻭﻨﻋ ﻥﺍ " ﻕﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ " ﻡﺎﻋ 1967 ﻡ ... ، ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ) 1 ( -ﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ، ﻁ 1 ، ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺸﹼﻨﻝ ﺎﻴﺅﺭ 2006 ﻡ، ﺹ 17 . ) 2 ( -،ﻲﺸﺒﻋ ﺭﺍﺯﻨ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﻴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﻰﺴﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ 2004 ﻡ -2005 ﻡ، ﺹ 15 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 12 ~ ﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ " ﻥﻴﺘﺨﺒ Bakhetine " ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺸﻨﻭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ، ﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺃﺭﻗ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻐﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺴﻭ « ) 1 ( . ﺩﻨﻋ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻥﻋ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺍ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ "، ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻨ " ﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ " ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ " لﺼﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﻬﻨ " ﻥﺃ ﺕﺩﻜﺃ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ " لﻴﺩﺒﻜ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻤ " ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ " " ﻥﻴﺘﺨﺒﻝ Bakhetine " ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻝﻠ ﺹﹼﻨ ﺕﻝﺎﻗ ﺫﺇ ، " ﺔﻠﻬﻨ " : » ﻪﺠﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤﻓ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ "، ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﺒﻋ ، ﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﻴﻗ ﻙﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﺎﻤﺩﺇﻭ ﺔ ﻭ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺠﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻊﻀﺎﺨ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺝﻭﺩﺯﻤ ﻪ ﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻀ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ لﺍﺩﻝ ) ﻥﻴﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻭ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻝﺍ ( ﻭ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻪﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺔ « ) 2 ( . ﻭ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺩﻗ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻫ " ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ " . ) 1 ( -ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،لﻭﻴﻤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺘ ﺹ ،ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ 09 . ) 2 ( -ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ ، ﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻅﺘﻝﺍ ﹼﺘﻝ ﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﺍﺭﻔﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻑﺼﻭ ،ﺹﺎﻨ ﺓﺎﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺭﺨﻵ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ 2004 ﺹ،ﻡ 51 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 13 ~ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﻪﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺃ ﻲﺒﺩﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ لﻜ ﻡﺯﻼﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺏﻴﺩﻷﺍ لﺒ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﻴ ﻻ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘﻭ ،ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ . " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠﻓ " ﺎﻤﻫ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤ : 1 -ﻲﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ . ﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﺩﻗ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻭ ،ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﺎﺘ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻑ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﻘﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﺜﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻜﺤ ﻭﺃ ﻻﺎﺜﻤﺃ . 2 -ﻲﻠﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺩﻘﻓ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ " ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ) ﻱﺭﺘﻨﺎﺸ ﻥﺎﻬﻴﺠ ( " ﻨﻷ ﻭﻴﻨﻭﻁ لﺎﺴﻻ ﻱﺩ " ، ﻥﺃ ﹼﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺙﺭﻭ ﺩﻗ ﻑ ﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺴ ﻲﺘ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻔﻝﺅﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘ ﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻘﺘﻨﺘ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻ ﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻴﺼﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺩﺤﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺌ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 14 ~ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻅﻭﻴ ﻑ ﹼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻑ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘ ﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺩﺼﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ) 1 ( . 3 -ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ( : ﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﹼﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼ ﺘﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴ ﺫﺇ ﻥﺃ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺹﺘﻤﻴ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﻪﻴﺃﺭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻤ ﺫﺇ ،ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﺕﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘ . ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻔﻝﺎﺨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻭﺃ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻐﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻴﻴ ﻪﻴﺃﺭ ﺭ . 4 ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ :( ﻭﻫ ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝ ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘ . ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺨﺁ ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺎ ّلﻜﻜ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻪﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﻝﻭ ) 2 ( . ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ " ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﺩﺼﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﻤ " ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ " ﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ »] ﻥﺃ [ ﻪﺘﻌﺒﺘﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ " ﺎﻔﻴﺘﺴﺭﻜ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ " ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻠﻝ ) ﻲﻠﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ) 1 ( -،ﺩﺼﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ -ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2003 ،ﻡ ﺹ 146 . ) 2 ( -ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ 147 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 15 ~ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻤﻀ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻼﻜ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺇ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺨ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻠﻜﺸﻝﺍ « ) 1 ( . ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ " ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻤ ﺩﺼﺎﻜ " ﻲﻓ ﺎﻔﻝﺎﺴ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ) 2 ( . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﹼﺘﻴ ﺎﻫﺫﺨ ،ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﺠﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ : 5 -ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺩﻷﺍ ﻑﹼﻅﻭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ،ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺘﻨﺇ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﻨ ﺙﻴﺩﺎﺤﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻗ ﺕﺎﻴﺁ ﺭﺎﻀﺤﺘﺴﺎﻜ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻴﺩﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺹﺎﻨ ﻭﻤ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺤﺇ ﻪﺼﻨ ﻪﻔﻗ . » ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤﻜﻴﻭ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨ ﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻴ ﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻌﻓﺍﺩ : ) 1 ( -،ﺩﺼﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ، ﺹ 249 . ) 2 ( ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝ : ﻥﻴﺼﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺯﻠﻤ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ . ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ : ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﻭﺫﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 16 ~ 1 -ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻲﺼﺼﻗ ﺙﺍﺭﺘ ﻭﻫ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻲﻓ ،ﻲﻨﻴ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻝﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻹﺍﻭ . 2 ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗﻭ . « ) 1 ( ﻲﻓ ﺭﻀﺤﻴ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻌﻓﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌ ﻡﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺼ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴﻝ ،ﺵﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺴﻨﻭ ﻻﺎﺜﻤ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ : » ... ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﺎﻴ ﻭﺨﺎﻴ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ ... ﻙﻭﺜﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﻤﺃ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ ﺎﻨﻔﻜ ﺔﻴﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻝ ﺕﻴﺭﺘﺸﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻌﻨﺘﻗﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ] لﻗﺃ ﻡﻝﺃ ﻁﻗ ﻲﺼﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻙﻝ .. ﻪﺘﻌﻨﺼ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ .. ﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺫ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻥﻭﻝﺍﺯﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﺒﻭﻠﻗ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺍﻭﻁﻘﺴ .. ﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﻠﻜﺄﻴ .. . ... « . ) 2 ( ،ﻁﹼﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺩﺤﺃ ،لﻴﺘﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫ ﻭﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺩ ﻡﺜ ﻪﻌﻁﻘﻴ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻁ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﺒ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﹼﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ : » ﻥﺒﺴﺤﺘ ﻻﻭ ) 1 ( -ﺽﺎﻴﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ، ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ 2002 ، ﺹ 139 . ) 2 ( -ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻁ ، 1 ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﺩﺒﺭﺃ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ، 2010 ﻡ ﺹ ، 142 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 17 ~ ﻥﻭﻗﺯﺭﻴ ﻡﻬﺒﺭ ﺩﹼﻨﻋ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺃ لﺒ ﺎﺘﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﻪﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻠﺘﻗ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ « ) 1 ( . ﻭ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻴﻓﺍﺫﺤﺒ ﺭﻜﺫﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﹼﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ : ،ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺃ ،ﺍﻭﻁﻘﺴ ﻥﻭﻠﻜﺄﻴﻭ ... ﺦﻝﺇ . 6 -ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺭﺜ ﻼﺠﺴ ﻩﺩﺠﻨﺴ ،ﺏﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﻤﻠﻜﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻝﺎ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﺭﻜﹼﺫ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺜﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺘﻹﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠ ﻡﻫﺩﻴﺯﺘﻝ ﻡﻬﺼﻭﺼﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻔﻴﻀﻴﻭ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺙﺩﺤﺒ ﺭﻴﻜﹼﺫﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻼﻴﺼﺄﺘ ،ﺓﻭﻗﻭ ﺔﻗﺍﺭﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﺒ ﺍﺭﺸﺘﻨﻤ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺩﺩ " ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ :" » ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺫﺨﺘﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺇ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺦﻴﺭﺎ ﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﻌﻁﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠﻭ ﺎﻔﺘﻨ ﻥﻭﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺼﻗ ﺔ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺇﻭ ،ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺇ ،ﻡﻬﺼﻭﺼﻨ ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ « ) 2 ( . ﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻔﻁﺘﻘﻤ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ل " ﺹﻼﺨ ﻲﻝﻼﺠﻝﺍ " ﺙﻴﺤ لﻭﻘﻴ : » ﺦﻴﺸ ﺩﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻘﻝﺯﻨﺇ ،ﻕﻨﺎﺨ ﺭﺎﺤ ﺱﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺤﻴﺒﺼ ﺕﺍﺫ ،ﻡﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﻷﺍ لﺼﻨﻗ ﺩﺨ ﺕﺒﺎﺼﺄﻓ ﺔﺠﺯﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻗﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻋ لﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ 169 . ) 2 ( -ﺹ ، ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ -ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ 143 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 18 ~ ﻡﻼﺴﺘﺴﻹﺍﻭ ... ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺼﺘﻤ ﻩﺭﺒﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺠﻴ ﻕﺎﺼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺸﻝ لﺎﻗﻭ ﺩﺘﺴ ،ﻪﻴﻗﺩﺸ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻏ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻙﻘﻤﺤ ﻥﻤﺜ ﻊﻓ ! ،ﻱﺩﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺫﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﺒﺭﻀﺘﺃ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﹼﺘﺇ ﻯﻭﺴ ﻙﻌﻤ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺃ ؟ﻱﺭﺒﺍﺩ ﺓﺍﻭﺍﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔ ! ﺔﺤﻴﺒﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺴ ﻕﺎﻓﺃ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﹼﺸﻏ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺱﻤﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻌﺒﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺭﺸﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﻔﺴ ﺔﻤﻠﻅ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﺼﺒﺃ ﺕ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ « ) 1 ( . ﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﹼﻨﻠﻝ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺩ " ﺔﺜﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ " ﺢﻀﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﹼﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ . 7 -ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ : ﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺇ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺜﻨ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ، ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﻀﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫ " ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ " ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ : » ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ لﻔﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻤﻜﺤ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﻪﺒ ﻰﺘﺅﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺩﻗ ) 1 ( -ﺹ ، ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ -ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ 143 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 19 ~ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺹﹼﺨﻠﺘ ﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺍﺭﺜﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭ « ) 1 ( . لﻭﻗ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ " ﺹﻼﺨ ﻲﻝﻼﻴﺠ " : » ﻱﺭﻭﺩ ﺀﺎﺠ ،لﺘﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻩﺁ ﻻﻭﺘﻘﻤ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﺃ ﻡﻝ ؟ﺵﻫﺩﻴﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻫﻭ ،لﺘﻗﻷ . ﹼﺘﺤ ﻰ ،ﻲﻠﺘﻗ ﺎﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﺴﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺱﻴﺒﺍﻭﻜ ] ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ [ ﻲﻨﺘﻴﻝ ﻩﺁ ، ﺕﻴﺒ ﺕﺭﹼﻜﺫﺘ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻋﺩﺇ ﻱﹼﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ... ﻭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺁ ؟ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ﺓ! ﺕﺭﻜﺫﺘ ﻩﺁ ﻲﺒﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ! ﺭﻋﺎﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﺩ ﻪﹼﻠﻝ ! ﻩﺁ ... ﺀﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﻭﺭﺒﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﺃ ﻕﻨﺘﺨﺃ ﻕﻨﺘﺨﺃ ﻲﹼﻨﺇ ﺝﺎﺠﺃ ... ﻙﺸ ﻼﺒ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ! ﻥﺘﺨﺃ ﻕﻨﺘﺨﺃ ﻲﹼﻨﺇ ... « ) 2 ( . ﺓﺭﻭﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻴﺭﻴﺭﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ، ﻠﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﺭﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﻙ ﻪﻠﺘﻗ ﺔﻨﻠﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﺘﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺒﺍﻭﻜﻝﺍ ، ﺩﺭﺴﻴﻓ ﺩﻷﺍ ﻴ ﻪﻴﻓﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺘﻀﺭﺎﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻌﺸ ﺕﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻴﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻡﺜ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺭﺤ ﻱﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ » ﻥﺒﻹ ﻱﺩﻌﺴﻝﺍﺔﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻭﺴﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ " ﻲﺒﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ " ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ . ﻪﻴﻓ لﻭﻘﻴﻓ : ﻩﺭﻴﻐﺒ ﺕﺎﻤ ﻑﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ « ) 3 ( . ) 1 ( ، ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺹ 147 . ) 2 ( -ﺹ ، ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ -ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ 147 . ) 3 ( -ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ، ﺹ 148 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 20 ~ 8 -ﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘ : ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻼﺼﺘﻤ ﺏﻴﺩﻷﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺇ ﻪﺒ ﻪﻜﺴﻤﺘﻭ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﺜﺍﺭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ . » ]ﻭ [ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﺴﺠﺘﻤ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻴ ) لﺎﺜﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻏﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻡﻬﻨﻭﻨﻓﻭ ﻡﻬﺒﺍﺩﺃ ﻪﺴﻜﻌﺘ ،ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﺎﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻻﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻡﺼﻔﻨﻴ « ) 1 ( . ﺭﻜﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺒ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺜﻤﻷﺍ ) 2 ( ، ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻬﻓ » ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﺜﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺼﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻻﻻﺩﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻱﺭﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻐﺘﺴﺇ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺯﻴﺤ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻪﺘﺠﻤﺩﺄﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ « ) 3 ( . ﻓ ﻨﻝﺎ ﻤ ﹼﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭ ،ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫ لﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ » ﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺩﹼﻨﻤﻝﺍ « ) 4 ( . ) 1 ( -ﻰﺴﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺸﺒﻋ ﺭﺍﺯﻨ ﺹ ، 160 . ) 2 ( -،ﺔﺜﺩﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﻴﻗ ﺔﻐﻴﻠﺒ ﺓﺯﺠﻭﻤ لﺍﻭﻗﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺍﻭﺭﻤ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺒﺭﻀﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﺨﺃﻭ ،ﻥﺴﻝﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻋﺍﺫ ﻡﺜ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻠﻴﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﺒ . ) 3 ( -ﺹ ، ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ -ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ 296 . ) 4 ( -ﺹ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ 303 .
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( ~ 21 ~ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺭﻀﻴ لﺜﻤ ﻹ ﺀﺎﻁﻋ ﺍ ،ﻕﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻤﻷ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻪﻝﻭ لﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ": ﻲﻨﺒﻴ ﺔﺒﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻗ ." ﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ) 1 ( ، ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻭﻫ ﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘ ، ﺫﺨﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺀﺎﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﻴﺼﻨ ﻨﻤ ﺎﻬ ﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭ » ﺎﻤﺩﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻐﻝﻷﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ّلﻜ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻓ « ) 2 ( . ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻠﻝ " لﻴﺒﺎﻫ " " ﺏﻴﺩ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝ " ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻑﹼﻅﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺫﺨﺄﻓ ،ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺴ " لﻴﺒﺎﻫ " ﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴ " لﻴﺒﺎﻗ لﻴﺒﺎﻫﻭ "، » ] ﺙﻴﺤ [ ﺄﺠﻠﻴ " ﺏﻴﺩ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ " ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﺘﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻌﺸﻠﻝ ﺡﻭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺓﺩﹼﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻡﻏﻭ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻤﻴﻘ ﺔ ﺓﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ [...] ﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍ لﻁﺒ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ " لﻴﺒﺎﻫ " ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺽﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻩﺩﻭﺯﻴﻭ ، ،ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﻴﻌﻴ ﺕﻗﻭ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍﻭ « ) 3 ( . ) 1 ( -،ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﻴﻓﺍﺭﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﻁﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﻝﻷﺍ ﻑﺎﺼﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠ ﻲﻓﻭ . ) 2 ( ﻲﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺹ ، 329 . ) 3 ( -ﺹ ، ﻪﺴﻔﻨ 334 .
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ
:
ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ
"
ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﻡﻫﺃﻭ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
1
-لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ
:
ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ
"
ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ
.
1 -1 ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ . 1 -2 ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ . 1 -3 ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﺨﻠﻤ .2
ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﺜ
:
ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ
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2
-1
ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
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2
-2
ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
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2
-3
ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
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2
-4
ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺹﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ~ 23 ~ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ " ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ " 1 -1 ﺔﺤﻤﻝ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤ : ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﻭ " ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤ " ﻥﻤ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﺠ ﺭﻬﺸ ﺔﻨﺴ 1927 ﺔﻘﹼﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ ﻡ " ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ " ﻕﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻐﺘﺸﺍ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻰﻘﻠﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﻝﻭﻔﻁ ﺵﺎﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ " ﻙﻝﺎﻤ " ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘﺃﻭ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﺭﻓﺎﺴ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁﺒ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺃﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ " ﺭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ ﻰﹼﻝﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﺼﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﻫﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻋﺭﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ " لﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ . " ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺃﻭ ﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺃ لﻭﺃ ﻥﻴ . ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﺍﻭﺠ ﺭﻬﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺘ 1978 ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﹼﻝﺅﻤ : ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ " ﺭﻁﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻘﺸﻝﺍ " 1956 ﻡ. ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ " ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﻁﻨﻹﺍ " 1958 ﻡ. ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ " ﺔﻝﺍﺯﻏ ﻙﺒﻫﺄﺴ " 1958 ﻡ. ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ " ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺃ " 1960 ﻡ.
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ~ 24 ~ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ " ﺏﻴﺠﻴﻻ ﺩﻭﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺼﺭ " 1961 ﻡ ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ " ﺃﻭ ﻊﻤﺴﺃ ﻙﻴﺩﺎﻨ " 1961 ﻡ. ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ " ﻍﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺭﻔﺼﻷﺍ ."
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ~ 25 ~ 1 -2 ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ : ﺩﻴﻝﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻭ ﺏﺘﺎﻜ 02 لﻴﺭﻓﺃ 1972 ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ ﻡ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤ 1997 ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻘﺒ ﻡ ، ﺔﻨﺴ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﺎﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ 2013 ﻡ. لﻐﺘﺸﻴ " ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸ " ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﹼﻠﻜﻤ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻜ ﻲﻫ ﻪﺘﺍﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ : ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺕﻭﻤ ) ﻴﻜﺭﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻠ " ﻙﻝﺎﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﺤ " ( 2009 ﻡ. ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ : -ﺝ 1 " ﺔﻤﺩﻌﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻼﻤﺄﺘ " 2014 ﻡ. -ﺝ 2 " ﻭﺩﻭﻏ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﺃ ﻻ " 2014 ﻡ. ﺯﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻠﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻡﺎﻋ ) ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺫﺸ ﺩﺍﺩﺤ ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝ ( 2014 ﻡ. ﻰﻬﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻔﺸ ) ﺔﻴﺼﺼﻗ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ( 2009 ﻡ. ﻥﻴﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﺒﺎﻨ لﺎﺒﺠ ) ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ( 2013 ﻡ.
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ~ 26 ~ 1 -3 ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﺨﻠﻤ : ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ : 1 -ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ : لﺠﺭ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ،ﻩﺭﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺃ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺏﻴﺒﻁﻭ . 2 -ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ : ﺔﻨﺒﺍ ﻲﻫ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ " ﺏﺘﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺃ ﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺎ ﺤﺒ ﻩﺭﺒﺨﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﻠﻫﺃ ﻭ ﻥﻁﻭﻠﻝ ﻪﻜﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻘﺸﺎﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻤ ، ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻭ ﺴﺇ ﻥﻴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻁﺎﻘ . 3 -ﺼﺨﺸ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻴ : ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻕﻴﺸﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ . 4 -ﺔﻴﺩﻌﺴ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ : ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻡﺃ ﻲﻫ ، ﺓﺎﻓﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻭ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ " ﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻁﻝ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺤ . 5 -ﻥﻴﻤﺭﺠ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ : ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ " ﺒﺤ ﻤﺴﻴ ﺎ لﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴ . 6 -ﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺕﺴ : ﻡﻴﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﻹ "، ﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﺎﺴﺘﺒﺍ ﻥﻤ . ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ : 1 - ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ) : ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ( ﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻤ ﻱﹼﺫﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕ ﺔﻨﺒﻹﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺒﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ .
ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ~ 27 ~ 2 - ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ : ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻌﻗﻭ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺍ " ﻯﺭﺨﻹ ﺔﻨﻭﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﺠﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ . ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ : 1 -ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ) ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ (: ﻭﻫ ﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻁﻘﻴ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ " ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻀﺤ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﺒﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ . 2 -ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ) ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ( : ﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻌﻗﻭ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻬ ﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫ ﺕ " ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ". ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ : ﻥﻴﺒ ﻻﻭﻁﻤ ﺍﺭﺍﻭﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺏﻷﺍ لﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ " ﺭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ " ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻁﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻹﺍﻭ " ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ " ﺏﺘﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﺒﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺘﻭ ﻪﻨﻁﻭ ﻙﺭﺘ ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ، ﺓﺭﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺎﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺭﺒﻜ ، " ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ " ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠ ﺓﺎﺘﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺏﺎﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻓﺭﻌﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻔﺼ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ،ﻊﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻀﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻪﻤﺴﺍ ، " ﺭﺎﻤﻋ " ﺓﺭﻤﺜ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺕﻠﻤﺤﻓ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻤﹺﻬﺒﺤ " ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ " ﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﺼﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻝﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺽﻓﺭﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﻪﻁﺎﻘ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻠﻝ ، ﻱﺫﹼﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ،ﺏﻴﺒﻁ ﻪﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﺎﻫﺎﺒﺃ ﺕﺭﺎﺘﺨﺎﻓ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻌﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﺏﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،لﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻴﺴ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﹼﻨﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻴﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻭﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺍﺩﺠ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﺴ ﺎﺒﺁ ،ﻻﻭﺅﺴﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻑﻴﻜﻓ .
