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(167) *hjbkRdVWVg5bcW3nka tvgDx nztLxThh (x,r ,y)i = 1, ..., 3 ¦ibkRitbytvnkWybztvgTfwWVg5b bkebcRiWdVeLgTh¨dVa evl C \_:hgidVWbkRTW3acWdVeLgTh¨dVaJtvgix (0,d#hnkαdVW))a tLncW ac`6UXUWVbcnkhCd *hbcRnkW3acu-W3dÅb~bke\bcRTW 1»t>:h¨aV¦vb3* eyeLlDbkRTWVUtvnkWbktLgTfLW3gwb hltvgixewgT`hjl1bkRTWV`hg5bkWVnzaPW)dÅb hg W>TtLdÅbk`=3b * e=uDewhg5bk;a *hjbkR actLUXW yy1 dVe5ewnkxThgitvbcWw QR6ia t=d#eLgihd +L"Ftvgix>tdVhnzd#WeLl~dVWVg5bcW3n (0, α ) tLgixnktwx:hDa r tLncWJbktLgTfLW3gwbhl tLgixeLgT`hl i. i. i. i. (x2 + Ay 2 + By + C) − (x2 + (y − αi )2 − ri2 ) = 0. RDtLatXx:eLiTWyaceL:bcheLghg y ¦Th+ WL bcRiWx:hakd#nkhUhgitLgwbtvgihacRTW3aZP. 'L ieLnbkRTWbcRincW3W d#hnkdVW)aV¦bcRihafwhwW3at ac`:apbkWVUØevlbcRTnkWVW>W wDtbcheLgDahg bkRTW>bcRincW3W>hgixTW#bcW3ncUXhgitbkW3a QRThaac`:apbkWVU h¨ahgTW3tLnhg *hjbkRtgTewg01W(3WVnkedVe5W6d#hWVg5bFaPhgid#W A 6 0tvgix=bcR6iaRitwa (A, B, C) UXewncWbcRDtvgeLgTWyaceL:bcheLgeLgT`=hlbcRTWyChgiW3tvnac`:apbkWVU hg (A, B) δi = (B + 2αi )2 − 4(A − 1)(C + ri2 − α2i ) = 0.. . -. δ1 − δ2 = ((α21 − α22 ) − (r12 − r22 )) A + (α1 − α2 ) B + r12 − r22 = 0 δ1 − δ3 = ((α21 − α23 ) − (r12 − r32 )) A + (α1 − α3 ) B + r12 − r32 = 0. Tx e5W)aV¦)bkRitbha;eLgT`Jhl:bcRiWx:WVbcW3ncUXhgitvg5b;eLl5bkRTW dVe6W6d#hWVg5bkaevl A tvgix B ¦MtLgix\bkRTW x:WVbcW3ncUXhgitvg5b;eLl:bcRTW dVeLgiaPbktLg5b d#e6W6d#hWVg5bza tvgDxbcRTWd#e6W6d#hWVg5bzaFevl B DeLbcR tvgihacRFQRTWacTU evl bkRTW3acWx:WVbcW3ncUXhgitvg5bka tLaceMtLgTh¨aPRTW)atvgixh¨aW
(168) 5itL1bce
(169) α1 − α2
(170)
(171) = (α1 − α2 ) (α1 − α3 ) (α2 − α3 ). α1 − α 3
(172).
(173) 2
(174) α1 − α22
(175) 2
(176) α1 − α23. WVgidVWtvbJW3twapb3b * ed#W3gwbkWVnza tLncWW
(177) 5itv5*RTh¨dzRhUXuThW3aJbkRitb\eLgTWaPuiRTWVnkWh¨aapbknch¨dÅbk` dVeLg5bktLhgTW)x>hg tLgTevbkRTWVn)~QRTWbcRTnkWVWacuTRTW3ncW)a bcR6iaRitMwWJgieXdVeLUXUXeLgbktLgTfLW3gwb)¦itXd#ewgwbknktwx:h¨dÅbcheLg; : uKu ShV
(178) 9!9H^ 9HyI! X-^/o +v i i = 1, 2, 3im^9 Y TiN!Doz3b- Y !n Y B. Y'Y ] KSTcdTh` T ST
(179) oT. A= B 2 − 4AC =. `q
(180) \. dij = αj − αi 1 (r2 d23 + r22 d31 + r32 d12 ), D 1. −1 (r1 d23 + r2 d31 + r3 d12 ) (r1 d23 + r2 d31 − r3 d12 ) d23 d31 d12 D (r1 d23 − r2 d31 + r3 d12 ) (−r1 d23 + r2 d31 + r3 d12 ),. D = d23 d31 d12 + r12 d23 + r22 d31 + r32 d12. :. WdVtLggTe* uTnkeLW\QRTWVewncW3U v set 6¤ uD Y ewgiachx:W3n\leLTnx:haPbchgid#baPuiRTWVnkW3a *hbcR
(181) hg:igThbcW3` Utvg6`nkW3tLAd#ewUXUewg bztvgTfwWVg5bka3 `m nkeLu-ewachjbkhewgiaXtvgixi¦6bkRTWd#W3gwbkWVnzaevl~tbW3tLaPbbcRTnkWVWyeLl;bkRTWaPuiRTWVnkW3atLncW\tvhfwgTW3x q lbcRiW3acWbcRTnkWVWacuTRTW3ncW)ayhgwbkWVnzaPW)dÅbhg t>d#hnkdVWw¦;bkRTWVhndVeLUXUXeLg bktLgTfLW3g5bkatLncWbcRiWbktLgTfLW3gwbza\bce bkRitbdVhnzd#WXhg
(182) hbka\uT¨tvgTWwQ;e-WbztvgTfwWVg5b\bcehg:igThbcW3` UXtLg6` evl bcRTW)aPWXhgTW)aV¦;bcRTWlewTnPbkR aPuTRiWVnkW ¤¤)¤). ν©ÎµÑ.
(183)
(184)
(185) !. M}. R3. RDtLa bceXd#ewgwbztvhgbkRitbFd#hnzd#W 'tvgix?¦:hl;bkRitbFdVhnzd#WJh¨ax:WVfwWVgTW3nktvbcW bcetu-eLhg5b3¦6bkRTWleLTnacuTRTWVnkW3aUiapb RDtMLWJbcRTWaktvUXWbktLgTfLW3gwbuT¨tvgiW\tvbbcRTh¨au-eLhg5b Å QR6iatLleLTnFacuTRTW3ncW)a RDtMLWytvhfwgTW3xd#W3g5bcWVnza3 q lbkRTWbkRTncW3W=acuTRTWVnkW3ae*hjbkR tvhfwgTW3x dVWVg5bcW3nkax:e gTeLbRitMwWt d#ewUUXewg hg5bcW3nkacW3d#bcheLg¦bcRiWVg 6` J;WVUXUt )JbcRTW3hn~d#ewUXUewgbztvgTfwWVg5bka tLncW bcRTWnkThgTf5a evlDt\achgifLW 5itwx:nch¨d RitM6hgTfJbcRiWVhn t>:ha twa~t>:ha eLlAnkWVLewTbcheLgQeDWbktLgTfLW3gwbbcehg:igThbcW3`UXtLg6`>hgTW3a\dVeLg5bktLhgTW)x hgbkRTh¨a 5itwx:nkhdL¦1bcRTWleLinPbkR acuTRTW3ncWyUiaPb RitMLWyhbkaJd#W3gwbkWVnJeLgbcRiWt >:h¨aevl bcRiW 5itLxTnch¨d NtLgix>tLx:W 5itbkWynktwx:hDaFtLaJx:W#bkWVnkUhgTW)x -WVe * Ŧ:RiWVgidVW\bcRTW\lewTnFaPuiRTWVnkW3aRitMwWtLhfLgiW3xd#WVg5bkWVnzaV Y ewg5wWVnzaPW3`w¦~leLinaPuTRiWVnkW3na *hjbkR tvhfwgTW3x d#W3gwbkWVnzaXtvgix tbW3twapbeLgiWdVeLUXUXeLg bktvgifLWVg5bRitMwW hg:igihjbkWV`UtLg5`d#ewUXUewgbktLgTfLW3gwbzaV¦-6`ac`6UXUWVbcnk`eLl ncW3Lew:bkhewgFQRTh¨aJdVeLgidVDx:W3aFbcRTWuTnce6eLl eLl QRiWVeLnkWVU tLgixuTnce6h¨x:W3a bkRTW\igTW3nfLWVewUXW#bcnkh¨ddzRDtvnztLdÅbkWVnk7h ()tbkhewg=apbztbkW3xhg _6W)dÅbcheLg L rJa acRTe *g tv-eLWw¦:leLTnJaPuTRiWVnkW3a *hbcRdVeLhgTW)tvn dVWVg5bcW3nkaFtLgixgTe=dVeLUXUXeLg>hgwbkWVnzaPW)dÅbkhewgtwx:UXhjb hg:igihjbkWV`JUtvg6`ncW)tvLdVeLUXUXeLg\bztvgTfwWVg5bka?hlitvgDx\eLgT` hl:bcRTW3ncWAW >:haPbkatFd#ewgTh¨d 'L- k*RTe5aPW dVe5W 6d#hWVg5bka aktbch¨aPl%` <wDtbcheLg 'L lewntL \QRTW3acWlewTnJW 5itbkhewgiaJtwx:UXhjbyt=aceL:bkhewg>hjl A, B, C tLgixeLgT`hjlbcRiWnkWV¨tbkhewg=ew:bktLhgTW)x=6`W3ihUX=hgD1,t.bc.hgT. f, 4A, B, C h¨aactvbch¨apiW)x?AZJgTW\dVtvguT:bbkRTW\ncW)aPijb hgbcRiWuDW3ncU:bktvbcheLghg5tLnch¨tvg5bleLnkU hgbcW3ncUaFeLlbkRTWewnchWVg5bcW)xx:haPbktLgid#W)a d = α − α tLgixbcRTW nztLxThh r P X 'v r Q = 0. d q»gewnkx:W3nbceeLTbktvhghg:DgThjbkWV`UtLg5` T 9 d#ewUUXewg=bztvgTfwWVg5bka3¦6bcRTWd#e6W 6d#hWVg5bza A, B, C UiaPb tv¨aPe aktbkhaPl`bkRTWaPW3UX{h 1»tvfLW3TnktLhdJd#ewgix:hbcheLgia 'L-} A 6 0, B − 4AC 6 0 gievbcW)xhg 'L Å A tvgix B − 4AC d3tvg>-WeLTbktvhgTW)xhg>bkWVnkUaFevl bkRTW d tvgix r 6`aceL6hgifbcRTW ac`:apbkWVU eLlW 5itbkhewgiaV¦:twahDapbknktvbcW3xtlµbkWV;n J;WVUXULt G6 QRTWdVtwaPWyeLllewTnJacuTRTW3ncW)ahgwbkWVnzaPW)dÅbkhgTf=hg tdVeLUXUXeLg dVhnzd#WeLnFbktvgifLWVg5b hg tdVeLUXUXeLg>u-eLhgwb h¨a t=hUXhjb\dVtwaPWeLl~bcRTWaPhbcDtbcheLg tLDewWL¦-tvgixbkRTWVnkWV6`>aPi:opW3d#bFbce=bcRTWactLUWtvfLWVinktLhdytLgix>aPW3UXh{1 tLfwWVTnztvh¨d dVeLgixThjbkhewgiaV : u R STI_q |V0 W 3b@bV0mh
(186) L] !y !OoeN3bL!
(187) z S\l ij. j. i. k. 4. k=1. 2 k. i6=k. ki. 2. 2. ij. k. Y !k oL3bnX bV0LS\
(188) oT Y !
(189) LSTW Y !p a\ Y ! i;\[KTT!p X ST9!9H!KT !W^ gb'X STT'!y/ci 9Hy= (xiV
(190) , yY i ,\z iW)S- V
(191) W ! X!zSTZ Y !k roi TiL Y i! yI` gb d icoW! x −x y −y z −z Y 2 2 2 = + (zj − zi )2 d Y !W=
(192) x −x = Y y −y V0
(193) hmadyij 9HV
(194) = h!(x p mj
(195) −9Hx^ki )n+ (y 9f j3− b Y yi |)T' ;/q_ y/L!OX z−z S\I Y !K e Y Y !: ij. j. ik. k. 'v. i. j. i. k. +L}. i. j. i. i. k. i. %&$;!V QRiha uitvu-WVntvgia* W3nkat wiW3aPbcheLg>W#lµbJewuDW3gleLnaPW3LWVnztv?`wW3tLnka6`dzRitvnztLd#bcW3nch)(VhgTfbcRTWaPWVbkaFeLl leLTn acuTRTW3ncW)aevlJtLncheLianztLx:hh *hbcR hgTigThbcWV` UtLg5` dVeLUXUXeLg bktLgTfLW3gwbhgiW3a3 QRTh¨adVeLUXuTW#bcW)abcRTW xTW3akd#nkhu:bkhewgeLlx:W3fLW3gTWVnztLdVhW)aAlewnFd#ewUUXewg=bztvgTfwWVg5bkabkeXacuTRTW3ncW)ahg R 3. ©© °}
(196) ~ÅÙ~.
(197) ). ?:;ST\ e:@Z +ZS k: q
(198) I Y k: h! UT . _6ewUXWyevlewTnnkW3acTjbzafLW3gTWVnztv7h (3W bkeXbcRTWd3tLacW\evl5itwx:nkhd\acTnPlNtwd#W)aV q»g>tXd#eLUXuitLgTheLguitvu-WVn , . WdzRDtvnztLdÅbkWVnkh7(3WXbcRTW=lNtvUXhhW3aevl 5itwx:nch¨dVahg P (C) *RTe5aPWd#eLUXUXeLg bktvgifLWVg5bzaa* W3WVu tLgTevbkRTWVn 5itwx:nkhdaPinPlNtwd#WLQRTWXncW)aPijb\evl bcRTWuTnkW3acWVg5b\uitvu-WVnytLuTuDW)tvnza\tLa\tuitvncbch¨d#T¨tvnyd3tLacWew:bktLhgTW)x 6` dVeLgiach¨x:WVnkhgif T 9 bztvgTfwWVg5bka bce T 9 acuTRTW3ncW)aV=<?>6bcW3gix:hgTfewTnJdzRDtvnztLdÅbkWVnkh7()tbkhewgbke 5itwx:nciuTW)a eLl 5itwx:nkhd3ja *hbcRhg:igThbcW3`Utvg6`nkW3tvdVeLUXUXeLgbktLgTfLW3gwbzancW3UtvhgiatvgeLu-WVguTnkeLTWVU sW)aPijbzayevlbcRTW !6hgix uTnkeLW3xhg bkRTha\uDtvu-WVnRitMwWtLuTuThd3tbkhewgia\hg bkRTWXiWV¨x evlL§"6h¨aPhThhbp`L [hLW3gtXw§ÒacdVWVgTWw¦Td#ewUThgitbkeLnkhtL-dzRDtvgTfwW3atvuTu-W3tLnchgTfXhg=bkRTWy6hZW * evl~tUXe5hgTfeLiacWVnkLW3ne6d3d#Tn *RiWVgbknktMwWVnzaPhgTfacu-W3d#h¨tv?acTnclNtLd#W)a !6gTe *gtLa yZ]V
(199) 9 y?V0Xb |ST A_:idzRacTnclNtLd#W)a tLncWga *WVuTb6` hgTW3a RitM6hgifuTnkW3akd#nkh-W3xdVeLg5bktwdÅb *hjbkRbcRTWeLTopW3dÅbzaAeLl?bcRTW\akd#WVgiWL tvnkhewiaAxitbktapbkncDdÅbcincW)aAitwaPW)x ewg6hacitLiWVwWVg5bka3¦5h !LWbkRTW5h¨achThhjbp`d#ewUXuTW >ewn bkRTWJ6h¨aPhThhbp`Xa !wWVW#bcewag , / .+¦6RitMwWF-WVWVg=uTncewuDe5aPW)x bkeacu-WVW3xTu6hachihhjbp`dVeLUXuT:bztbkhewgiaV~QRTWy 1 x:hUXWVgiacheLgitLDW3W3UW3g5bkaevlbcRTW)aPW\apbkncDdÅbcincW)atLuTu-W3tvn twax:h¨acdVncWVbcW hgTW3abktvgifLWVg5b?bkeleLTn;eL:opW)dÅbka3 DtvhhgTfbkencW)d#ewfLgT)h (VW bkRitblewTn;ew:opW3d#bkatwx:UXhjbhg:DgThjbkWV` UtLg5`bktLgTfLW3gwbhgTW3aW)tLxTabce W3ncnkeLnza\hg
(200) bcRTWd#eLUXuTTbktbkhewgiayeLlbcRTW)aPWbp`6u-W3aevlFxTtbzt aPbcnkidÅbkTncW)aV B WVgidVWL¦vnkW3dVeLfwgT7h (3hgifdVeLg:ifwTnztbcheLgDa;eLlileLin~eL:opW)dÅbk2a *hbcRXhg:igThbcW3`Utvg6`ybktLgTfLW3g5bhgiW3a~h¨a~d#nkid#h¨tv bkeXbcRTWncewTiaPbcgTW)acaeLl~5h¨achThhjbp`d#ewUui:bktvbcheLgia3ZJinbcRTW3eLnkWVU aPWVbPbcW3aFbcRTWdVtLacWyevl lewTn acuTRTWVnkh¨dVtv ew:opW3d#bkahg R ' & , .YJ eLnzd#W)tT¦ [ewtLe:dv¦ _1j J;t ()tvnzx?¦AtLgix _?~mWVbchbNopW)tvg ZJg bktvgifLWVg5bzabce 5itLx:nkh¨dacTnclNtLd#W)aV m nkWVuinchg5b3¦
(201) ! "!#
(202) $% "L¦DLLLi ,¬/ .Z1§ W36hW3nka3¦ k8 eLTnknktLhg;¦ m?mAncW3uitvnztbztT¦1tvgix>m QncW3TidzRTWVb3ZJg dVhnzd#T¨tvnd#`6hgixTWVnza 6` lewTneLniwW\uDewhg5bkahg>aPuDtLd#Ww & ]SoN?@kV0:@T: ¦-| EP AL( '- 3Li¦6vLwT , . :§ inktLgix?;r UTbch¨x:h¨acdVhuThgitvnk`aPTnkLW3`eLl;6hachThhbp`Lq»g *) + -, ?V0T/.e 0 ]Td!9H!W^/i \|d97Ti \STpV
(203) Tij Y |K9{S\ h ¦-LLwT , .yqŬ[ 8 twdVx:ewgitv¨x?2¦ 1Dim~tLdzR;¦itvgixQ\-QRTWVewitv¨x?Y ewUXUewgbktvgifLWVg5bzabcelewTnFTgThb itL¨ahg R & ]SoL;KV0o:@T: ¦-v
(204) P3 '- G6¦5LLi L ,¬/} .[0 8>W3fL`LW)aPh+ J;hgTW)a bktvgifLWVg5b bceleLTnTgThbFaPuiRTWVnkW3j a *hjbkRdVeLuT¨tvgitLndVWVg5bcW3nka34 & ]Som;KV0o: @T: ¦-L P + EL( '5 EG6¦5vLi L , .[p 8>WVfw`LW)aPh-tvgix T_6eLbPbchWL;QRTWJWVg6LW3ewuDW evlhgTW)aAUXW3W#bchgTfty >:W3xhgTWJtLgixXbztvgTfwWVg5bAbke3b *e acuTRTW3ncW)aV m nkWVuTnkhgwb)¦
(205) 2!
(206) $ ! "$ "5v¦DvwLi ,HGI.[| 8 WVfL`wW3ach'"¦ w_:evbPbkhWL¦5tvgixQ\LQRTW3eLitLx-Y eLUXUXeLgbcnztvgiacLW3nkaktv¨atvgixbktLgTfLW3gwbzabce3b *ehgTW3a tLgix3b *e 5itLx:nkh¨dVahg P 6 & ]SN;KV0o: Tm: ¦-L P¬}5 'T+} G6 w¦wvwLi , A. D_6eLbPbkhWtvgixQ\iQRTW3eLitLx2 J;hgiW3abktLgTfLW3g5bbce aPuiRTWVnkW3ahg R
(207) +SW
(208) e3b X 2n − 2 )% ¦Tw}v( p M P AT )} '5 Aw Ei¦Lvww: , E.Q\TQRTW3eLitLx r gW3g6TUXWVnztbchLWfLW3eLUXW#bknc`XlnztvUXZW * ewn !XlewntLfweLnkhjbkRTUXhdJhgTWyuincewTW3Ua hg R )870: ;KV0W! ¦iT P M: M9 '- ML| AT¦wLLwT *. 3. 3. 3. 3. n. 3. ν©ÎµÑ.
(209) Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Futurs : Parc Club Orsay Université - ZAC des Vignes 4, rue Jacques Monod - 91893 ORSAY Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38334 Montbonnot Saint-Ismier (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France). Éditeur INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France).
(210). . ISSN 0249-6399.
(211)
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