• Aucun résultat trouvé

Spiders capture attention especially when you are afraid of them

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Spiders capture attention especially when you are afraid of them"

Copied!
1
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

Spiders capture attention especially when you are afraid of them

When searching for fear-related stimuli (e.g. spiders or snakes) they seem to be prioritized in visual selection, especially in phobic participants.

This hypervigilance appears to be followed by an avoidance of the feared stimuli.

See e.g. Fox et al., 2007;

Pflugshaupt et al., 2005; Rinck & Becker, 2006.

vrije

vrije Universiteit

Universiteit

amsterdam

amsterdam

All Ss were more efficient to find spiders than butterflies in the identification task where animals were task-relevant.

→ threat superiority effect. When they were irrelevant, insects

captured attention in both groups. → replication of the classical

capture effect.

Both animals caused more  Additional singleton paradigm (Theeuwes, 1992):

High spider-fear (n=21) and low spider-fear (n=21) participants. On half of the trials an animal distractor was present.

1. No distractor 2. Spider distractor 3. Butterfly distractor

Examples of stimuli displays:

Mean RTs to the orientation task

(ms) Interference caused by animal

Some studies show no differential processing of fear stimuli when neutral animals are used as controls.

Lipp et al., 2004.

→ Do fear-related stimuli capture attention in a

bottom-up fashion when they are completely irrelevant for the search task?

→ Do they differentiate from equivalent neutral stimuli? → Is the capture effect

modulated by the actual fear experienced by the observer?

Both animals caused more

interference in people that feared spiders than in other people. → role of fear (a high-level

individual characteristic) in bottom-up capture.

Why did spiders not cause more interference than did butterflies in the high-fear group?

→ Not a clinical sample?

→ The fear of spiders induced extensive monitoring of all distractors?

A difficulty to disengage attention from feared stimuli might also contribute to the interference effect.

See Gerdes et al., 2008.  Identification task:

Ss had to discriminate animals from the centre on displays « 2 » and « 3 ».

Capture effects:

Animal distractors slowed RTs, F(1,39)=64, p<0.001.

No group effect, F<1.

Group x condition interaction, F(1,39)=6.5, p< 0.02. cdevue@ulg.ac.be High-fear Low-fear High-fear Low-fear 650 670 690 710 730 750 No distractor Distractor (ms) 15 25 35 45 55 65 Spiders Butterflies

Interference caused by animal distractors (ms) 480 500 520 540 560 580 Spiders Butterflies

Mean RTs to the identification task (ms)

Fear-related effects:

More interference in high-fear than in low-fear Ss, F(1,39)=6.4, p<0.02.

No main effect of animal type, F<1. Spiders tended to interfere more than butterflies in high-fear than in low-fear Ss but the interaction was not significant, F<1.

Spiders were overall recognised faster than butterflies,

F(1,40)=23, p<0.001. No group effect, F<1, and no interaction, F(1,40)=1.5, p=0.23.

Références

Documents relatifs

Age (years) Sex Clinical signs/symptoms Days sick T emp (°C) Chest X-ray/CT/MRI WBC (G/l) Platelets (G/l) Puncture Microbiological investigations 1 H-MRS Outcome 1 15 f Dyspnea,

What do the underlined words in the text refer to: (2 pnts) 1. Dad, can we buy --- for the big match on Saturday?.. a) sticks b) tickets

If the search engine creates posting lists for each category, the first stage of query processing can be improved significantly, since it can perform a direct boolean

step response of a zero-phase filter (Butterworth order 8 applied using filtfilt), cutoff as indicated in legend. B: response to a pulse of a Butterworth order 8 filter, cutoff

La vision de l'éducation interculturelle présentée ici m'apparaît se situer dans le cadre de cette troisième conception, mais elle fournit à l'éducateur désireux de

A unique pro fi le for cheetah strain 1178 and lion strain 98 – 215 was obtained for the gltA gene using HhaI endonuclease (Fig. 1), and for the ribC gene using TaqI endonuclease

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

•  Head of QIWI applicaAon security department.. •  Former security