CIIRONIQUE
BRITISH WORK ON THE MEDIAEVAL LATIN DICTIONARY 1
It is only fitting that a report should be offered to the sixth interna-tional Congress, of an undertaking which springs from the fourt h Congress held in London in 1913 . Early in that year an appea l was addressed to the Council of the British Academy by 82 persons o f distinction interested in the e history, law, medicine, philosophy and li-terature of the Middle Ages » urging that the Academy should invite his-torical scholars of all countries to co-operate in tle preparation of a ne w Dictionary of medieval Latin « based on the best authorities and coin -piled on modern scientific principles » . At the Congress, a paper wa s read by the late Mr . R . J . Whitwell, who took the opportunity to circu-late printed proposals accompanied by a specimen sheet of the Oxfor d English Dictionary as a model for the shaping of the desired work .
All dreams of international co-operation were shattered by the War , but the matter was not allowed to drop, and a small group of Englis h medievalists made several attempts to plan a smaller dictionary on scien -tific lines is a commercial venture . These schemes were unsuccessful , but they served to throw light on the difficulties to be met and the re -sources which could be used .
In the meanwhile the war carne to an end, and the Internationa l Union of Academies, in 1920, took the matter up once more . At its ins -tance the British Academy appointed a sub-committee to consider the matte r consisting of Professors Vinogradoff, Tout, and Little, Sir Henry Max -well Lyte, Sir George Warner, and Mr . R . L . Poole . I had the honou r to act as Secretary . The subcommittee met at intervals, but as no fund s were then to be had, its reports had no effective results until 1924 ,
1 . Ceci est le rapport fait le 14 août 1928, ù la
i"
section du Congrès historique d'Oslo, par M . Charles Johnson, secrétaire du second Comité national anglais pou r la refonte du Glossaire de Du Cange . Nous le publions d'autant plus volontier s qu'il renseignera nos lecteurs sur une entreprise dont ils ont souvent entendu par-ler, mais sur laquelle ils étaient insuflisamnnent éclairés .
N . D . L . R . HULL . DU CANGE .1928
126 CIIRONIQUR .
when the committee was reconstituted on a new basis . It was divide d into two sections, one under ther presidency of the late prof. Vinogra-doff to co-operate with the International Committee in the preparatio n of a « New Du Cange » not extending later than the eleventh century , the other, under Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte, to collect material from Bri-tish sources from the eleventh to the sixteenth centuries . The reason fo r this subdivision was that many of those most keenly interested in th e preparation of a new dictionary were principally concerned in the late r portion of the medieval period, and saw no immediate prospect of assis -tance in their studies from the international project . The British Aca-demy therefore determined to do its part in the proposed New D u
Cange, and at the same time to plan an independent dictionary of late r British Latin, the materials for which might subsequently be placed a t the disposal of the international committee if and when it extended it s operations to the whole of the Middle Ages . Since then two sub-com-mittees have worked in close correspondence, but on slightly differen t lines . Committee A . has accumulated excerpts from almost all the lite-rary material comprised in its period, and from a large proportion o f the legal material . These slips are not, however, classed, and will thus not be immediately usefulf orreference . But a very short period, if fund s are at hand to pay sorters, will probably suffice to bring its collection s into a state in which they can be utilised by the International Committee . Committee B ., on the other hand, with a much larger field of work, ha s still a great deal of ground to cover . But its excerpts have been sorte d as received, and it has devoted almost all of the limited fund at its dis-posal to paying an assistant-secretary, whose most important duty is to sort the slips . Its collections are thus, though limited in scope, alread y of definite value to the enquirer.
The distinguishing mark of both committees is that, as in the case o f the Oxford English Dictionary, the contributors, as distinct from th e editorial staff, are entirely unpaid . Also, and perhaps as a corollary , neither committee has found it possible to attempt to excerpt ever y word used in its sources . Contributors have been instructed to confin e their efforts to non-classical words and usages . No other course ha s been found practicable .
In the four years of their activity both committees have suffered b y death . Committee A . has lost both its successive chairmen, Professor Vi-nogradoff and the Rev . Charles Plummer . Professor Stenton is no w chairman . The secretary, since the establishment of the committee, ha s been Professor J . H . Baxter of St . Andrews . Committee B . has los t Mr . R . J . Whitwell, who not only actively promoted the whole scheme
CHRONIQUE .
1.2 7 but was a zealous member of the committee and a generous contributo r of excerpts . lie was engaged on the seventh volume of the « Excheque r Rolls of Scotland » at the time of his death . Among the contributors t o the later portion of the work who have died are Mr . Uvedale Lamber t and Mr . A . G . Ferrers-Howell . On the other hand, auxiliary committee s have been formed in Scotland and the United States, presided over res-pectively by Dr . David Murray, of Glasgow, and Professor J . F . Willar d of the University of Colorado . These have already made valuable con-tributions to the material, and promise more . Their slips are sont to
London for sorting .
The present state of progress of the later section of the dictionary i s as follows : We have approximately 90000 slips (fiches), containing ex-cerpts from 101 separate sources, some being single works, some like , the « Close Rolls » or the « Exchequer Rolls of Scotland » consisting o f many volumes and covering long periods of time . All these are sorted alphabetically, with cross-references from unusual forms to, such as ar e either classical or already adopted
in
Du Cange . Thus any informatio n received can he found at once and used as required . It is estimated that slips exist for about 1.1000 non-classical words and usages, and th e cornittee contemplates publishing, as a guide to readers, a preliminar y word-list, chewing the dates of the first and Iast recorded examples o f each word or usage and the English meaning assigned . Words sufficiently illustrated in he meanings given will be marked with an aste -risk .Contributors will thus be able to limit their work to instances eithe r earlier or later in date or differing in meaning, unless the quotation in question provides a definition or is in any other way worthy of specia l note . It is hoped in this way to secure new readers, of whom we hav e great need, at least in England, and also to attract useful criticism fro m those who have not the leisure to be actively helpful .
The method adopted will probably strike a learned audience such a s this as remarkably haphazard . When a contributor offers to read fo r Committee B ., secretary writes to him enclosing a few slips of the stan -dard size and a copy of the instructions for reading, together with a brief printed list of more fully illustrated words, and asks him wha t British medieval text he has at his disposal and is willing to read . If i t has not already been read, or allotted to another reader, it is assigne d to him, and a sufficient supply of slips is posted to him . When he has completed any book, he is asked to choose another, and soon . The slips , when received are stamped with a number corresponding with a list o f works read . Any classical words or usages are sorted out, as also any
128
CFtnONIQUE .
vernacular words, and the remaining, slips sorted alphabetically int o boxes with rnoveable card divisions . The weakness of this system is tha t the less common books can only be read by those who have the leisur e to work in the great libraries, or can borrow from such an institutio n as the London Library . But, so far, there has been no difficulty in fin -ding work for voluntary readers . When the new wordlist is complete d (it has already reached letter P . in the first draft) it will be necessary t o review the sources read and to endeavour to provide for the reading o f texts of classes which are poorly represented in the list of materials . I t will also advisable to obtain the help of scholars with special technica l knowledge and ask them to revise the vocabularies of the words dealin g with their subjects . It is just here that the advantage of a provisional word-list will be felt .
It is in keeping with the illogical character of this undertaking tha t the dictionary for which materials are thus being accumulated has, a s yet, no editor . For all minor arrangements the secretary is responsible : questions of policy are referred to the committee . Whether a word is o r is not classical is provisionally settled by reference to Lewis and Short's dictionary, but contributors are advised to err on the side of inclusio n rather than omission . Proper names are only admitted when they illus-trate some point, and are not mere Latinisations . The work already don e has produced some interesting results . It has shewn that the most usefu l contributors are not those who may be called experts in medieval histor y or philology, but those whose circumstances provide them with unde-sired leisure, and who have a competent acquaintance with classica l Latin . The professed medievalist has too many fish of his own to fry t o spare the time, and is further hampered by a familiarity with unclassica l usages which dulls his powers of observation .
Again, the preliminary examination of slips received reveals, no t only the inadequacy of the existing glossaries, but the unsatisfactory stat e of medieval texts . A fruitful list of corrigenda to the a Rolls Series u
could be compiled from the a ghost-words n which have been sent in . These have, so far as possible, been exclused from the draft word-list . The slips have, of course been kept, and it ie possible that swine of th e more obscure misreadings may appear in the dictionary . One of th e most amusing occurred in Sir Henry Ellis ' s edition of John of Oxnedes , where the adjective « Caursina n in a reference to the Caorsine usurers ,
was rendered s Causa ursina n, which can only be translated a because
of a bear° n . Other cases are not so simple, and may involve reference
CHRONIQUE .
12 9 to the MSS . at a later stage . There is also a good deal of evidence fo r the use of veanacular terms at earlier periods than the earliest date gi-ven in the Oxford English Dictionary & These will be placed at the dis-posal of the compilers of the inevitable appendix .
The decision of the International Committee in May i last to extend th e scope of the international undertakinh to theRenaissance will have the ef-fect of bringing Committee B . into direct relations with the « New D u Cange » . It has, however been reached too late to modify the plan o f operations already adopted in Britain and America . Without prejudgin g the course of events, it seems likely that an Anglo-Latin Dictionary wil l be produced before any great progress bas been made with the join t venture, and that the results and materials will be handed over togethe r as the British and American contribution to the cemrnon stock . It wil l certainly not be perfect, but the results already reached indicate that i t will, with all its faults, add a good deal to our knowledge of medieva l Latin .
Charles Johnson .
Mb,DIAEVAL LA2'IN DICTIONARY, 1066-160 0
[A titre docunienlaire, nous croyons devoir publier le spécimen ci-joint, — qui nou s a été remis par notre dévoué collaborateur, M . J . lI . Baxter, — du vocabulaire mé-diéval tel qu'entend le présenter le Comité national B de Grande-Bretagne . C e spécimen illustrera les vues exposées au Comité central dans les séances d u 24 junvier 1928 ìx Paris et du 22 mai ù Bruxelles . ]
The following list includes every word at present entered in the mai n index of the dictionary, and gives the date of the earliest and lates t examples, with some indication of the meaning . It does not as a general rule contain any word found in « Lewis and Short a or represented onl y by the Mediaeval Glossaries . Words of which only one example has bee n received are marked by an asterisk, words already sufficiently illustrate d are marked by an obelus . Variant spellings have been largely neglected .
*Abacista . A calculator . C . 1125 . *Abacula . A cupboard-cloth . 1551 . Abau rlo . Totrain dogs . 1237 . 1238 . *Abastardo . To bastardise . 1202 . *Abatatio . Abatement . 1413 .
checking another word . On referring to another copy of the book I failed to fin d it again, The volume 1 had first examined had been cancelled .
1 . Voyez ALMA, t . 1V, p . 90 . BULL . DU CANGE . 1928
130
*Abate, . * Abandio . * Abbatatus . *Abbatialis . Abbatizo . *Abductor . Abetturn . * Abietinus . * Abjector . *Abjudir.atìo . * Abjurator . Abjuro . Ablator . * Abolitans . * Abominabiliter . *Abradico . * Abrenuntiatio . * Abrocagium . * Abrocamentum . * Abrocarius . -1-Abrocator . *Abroctator . *Absconsa . Absconsio . *Abstractivus . * Abstractor. *Abstructio . * Abstruo . *Abstuppo . *Abtltania . -}-Abusus , *Abuttale . * Abuttamentunt . -}-Abutto . * Academia . -`-Acatum . *Accapito, Achevio . *Accensor . * Accentuatus . *Acceptabiliter . CHßONIQUE .To cancel a document . 1513 .
To obey . C . 1125 .
The position of abbot . C . 1125 .
Abbatial .
1349 .
To be abbot . L050-1100 . 1223 .
One who takes away . 1464 .
Abetment . 1305 . 1366 .
Of fir . C . 1200 .
A thrower-away . C . 1190 .
Deprivation by judicial sentence . 1419 .
One who renounces (a place) by oath . 1306 .
To renounce (a place) by oath . 1155 . 1340 .
One who usurps a right . 1199 . 1308-9 .
Ancient . C . 1125..
Abominably . C . 1233 .
To tear out . 1419 .
Renunciation . C . 1125 .
Brokerage . 1419 .
Brokerage . 1306 .
A broker . 1419 .
A broker . 1256 . 1419 .
A broker (temp . Ed . ll) .
A lantern . 1328 .
Concealment . C . 1239, C . 1450 .
Abstract . C . 1363 .
One who removes by force . 1421 .
The blocking-up of access . C . 1320 .
To block-up an entry . C . 1320 .
To stop up . 1293 .
The estate of an abbey, 1358 .
Misuse . C . 1200 . 1562 .
An abuttment or terminal bound . Middle of C . 13 .
A buttress . 1251 .
To abut . C . 1230 . 1443-4 .
A university . 1513 .
A thing bought, acquisition . 1156 . 1408 .
To acknowledge as head .
1220 . 1239-40 . — To abut on. — Late C . 13.
One who rouses . C . 1125 .
Accented or punctuated, After 1327 .
Reasonably . 1419 .
CHRONIQUE .
13 1
Acceptance, 1294 . 1321 .
Sting (P) Before 1349 .
Accessory, 1511 .
As an accessory . 1252 .
That which is accessory . 1231 .
Accessible to . 1159 — accessory . 1389 .
Relating to accidents (logic) . C . 1363 .
The quality of being accidental (logic) . C . 1363 .
Accidentally . C . 1414 — with reference t o
accidents (logic) . 1380 or 1381 .
Readiness . C . 1070 .
To proclaim . C . 1070 .
A loan . 1204. 1419 .
A lender . 1260 .
To lend . 1199 . 1419 .
A receipt . 1333 .
To lend . 1100-1135 .
To lend . 1166 . C . 1202 .
CORRESPONDANCE
1 . Nous avons reçu de M . le Professeur Dittmann la lettre suivante, qu e nous nous faisons un plaisir de porter à la connaissance de nos lecteurs , afin d ' attester encore une fois les bons rapports que nous entretenon s avec la direction du Thesaurus Linguae Latinae .
München, 14 mai 1928 . Sehr geehrter Herr Professor 1
Indem ich Ihnen ein Exemplar des Jahresberichts des Thesaurus
lin-guae
Latinae übersende, spreche ich Ihnen für das freundliche Schrei -ben des ComitéCentral
du Dictionnaire duLatin
médiéval vo m 24 janvier 1928 und Ihre liebenswürdigen Worte im Archivuni lat . med . aevi fast . 4, das Sie mir zu übersenden die Gute hatten, meinen ver-bindlichsten Dank aus .Mit den besten Wünschen lur Ihre jetzt in Brussel bevorstehende Ta-gung in ausgezeichneter Hochachtung . Ihr Sehr ergebener .
G . DITTMANN . * Acceptatio . * Accerrus . *Accessarizts . * Accessorie . * Accessorium . *Accessorius . * Accidentalis . *Accidentalitas . Accidentaliter . *Accinctus . *Accito . tAccommodatio . *Accomnzodanter . -1-Accommode . *Accopa . *Accredito . Accredo .
132
CHRONIQUI3 .II . Nous avons reçu du Comité qui se propose d ' honorer la mémoire d e feu le Professeur Henry Alfred Todd (de l ' Université Colombia) la com-munication suivante, à laquelle nous donnons bien volontiers la publi-cité de notre Bulletin :
November 15, 1928 . To the Editor of Bulletin du Cange ,
The Committee in Charge of the publication of the Todd Memorial Vo-lumes kindly requests that you insert the following announcement in th e next issue of your review . In this way it is hoped these Volumes, appea-ring in honor of a well-know scholar, and coveappea-ring a wide field of in-vestigation, will be brought to the attention of the scholarly world .
« The Todd Memorial Volumes', to appear in 1929, will contain som e forty articles and tributes by friends, colleagues and students of the lat e Professor Henry Alfred Todd of Columbia University . These contributions by R . MenéndezPidal, Pio Rajna, J . Anglade, G . Cirot, C .FI . G rand -gent, F . Boas, F . M . Warren, L . H . Gray, H . C . Lancaster, F . de
Onis,
etc . , cover not only the field of Romance, but also of General, Linguistics an d Literatures . The two Volumes will cost $10 .00 . A list of subscribers ' names wili appear in the Volumes, the final date for including suc h names in the list being April 15, 1929 . Please send all orders to Dr . P . Taylor, 400 West 119 St ., New York City, U . S . A .We are enclosing a list of contributors ' naines with titles of articles . To make this work available to the greatest number of students pos-sible, could we ask that you mention this announcement to your Univer-sity Librarian .
Committee in Charge of the Todd Memorial Volumes : D . S . Blondheim , J . D . Fitz-Gerald , J . L . Gerig , H . F . Muller , G . L . van Roosbroeck , C . Ruutz-Rees , P . Taylor .
Articles to appear in the Todd Memorial Volumes :
Adams (N, B .) . —7'he a Grotesques in the Spanish Romantic Theatre .
Anglade (Joseph) . — La Doctrine grammaticale et poétique du Gai Sa -voir.
CHRONIQUE .
133
:Beardsley (Wilfred A .) . — Priesthood and Religion in the Novels of Ar
-mando Palacio Valdds .
Blondheirn (David S .) . — Livro de conzo se fazeh as Cores . Boas (Franz) . — Spanish Elements in Modern Nahuatl.
Cirot (Georges) . — Nouvelles observations sur « Ser n et « Estar n .
Dodge (Daniel Kilham) . — Ingemann and Longfellow ,
Farnham (C . Evangeline) . — American Travellers in Spain (1777-1867) . Feraru (Leon) . — The First Rumanian Lyric Poet, lenache Vdcdrescu . Fletcher (Jefferson B .) . — Dante, Aeneas and Paul .
Grandgent (Charles II .) . — Lo Bello Stilo .
Gray (Louis H .) . — 1ndo-European Linguistics as an Aid to Romanc e
Etymology .
Beaton (Harry C .) . — On the Text of Lope de Vega's a El Medico de s u
honra D .
Holmes (Henry A .) . — Julio Jiménez Rueda : Mexican Dramatist . Kurz (Harry) . — Manon Lescaut .
Lancaster (fI . Carrington) . — Alexandre Hardy and Shakespeare . Luria (Max A) .
Judeo-Spanish Dialects of New York City .
Manning (Clarence A .) . — The Songs of Ivan the Terrible and His Sons . Menéndez Pidal (R .) . —
Menut (Albert D .) . — Velazquez's a Infanta in Red D .
Mou (Lewis F .) . — A Political Allusion in Shakespeare 's a Richard IIID .
Muller (Henri F .) . — Concerning the Origin of Some Dialectal Feature s ofthe Romance Languages .
De Ohis (Federico) . — Notas sobre el dialecto de San Martin de Trevejo . Phelps (Ruth Shepard) . — Forms of Address in Petrarch 's a Canzoniere n
and the « fila benedetta s .
Phipps (Helen) . — Notes on Medina Rico' s a Visita de Hacienda >, to th e
134
CHRONIQUE .
Pio Rajna . — Ricciardetto E Fiordispina .
Rice (John P .) . —An Italian Bestiaire d'Amour .
Van Roosbroeck (G . L) . — Two Unicnow Deistic Poems by Voltaire .
Rudwin (Maximilian) . — Gérard's Germanic Fantasies .
Russell (G . 0 .) . — Universal Symbols of Speech Research .
Ruutz-Rees (C .) . — A Glance at Some Renaissance Latin Literature .
Segall (Jacob S .) . — Sovereign and Vassal in Corneille's Tragedies .
Shepard (William P .) . — Two Songs by Aimeric de Peguilhan .
Sylvania (L . E . V) . — Realism in the Novele of Eca de Queiroz .
Taylor (Pauline) . — The Vocabulary and Style of the « Liber Historiae Francorum u .
Turville (Dorothy) . —Italian Feminine Singular Nouns Derived From La -tin Neuter Plurals .
Van Horne (John) . — The Urrea Translation of the « Orlando
Fu-rioso n .
Vexier (Felix) . — Diderot and the « Leçons de clavecin s .
Warren (Frederick M .) . — Cabanis, The Medical School and Frenc h Realism .
CHRONIQUE .
135
AVI S
Pour nous permettre de donner à nos lecteurs une information biblio-graphique complète, nous prions instamment les auteurs et les éditeurs d'ouvrages, dissertations, publications de textes, collections, périodiques , etc ., touchant par quelque point aux études de philologie latine médiévale , d'adresser à M . Henri Goelzer, 32, rue Guillaume Tell, Paris, XVII°, o u à la librairie Champion, 5, quai Malaquais, Paris, Vi e , UNouDEUX
exenzplaires de leurs publications . Nous prions aussi nos lecteurs et nos col -lègues universitaires de tous pays de signaler autour d'eux l'intérêt d e notre demande .
