OF CANADA
1975
Issued by the
Associate Committee on the National Building Code
National Research Council of Canada
Ottawa
Price $6.50
NRCC No. 13982
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THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS COMMEND THE USE OF THIS CODE IN CANADA AS A BUILDING BYI..A W Association of Canadian Fire Marshals and Fire Commissioners
Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs Canadian Building Officials Association
Canadian Construction Association Canadian Federation of Mayors and Municipalities
Canadian Home Manufacturers Association Canadian Labour Congress Insurers' Advisory Organization of Canada Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation
Factory Mutual Group
Housing and Urban Development Association of Canada The Association of Consulting Engineers of Canada
The Canadian Chamber of Commerce The Canadian Council of Professional Engineers
The Engineering Institute of Canada The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
Urban Development Institute (Canada)
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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
OF CANADA
1975
Issued
by
the
Associate Committee on the National Building Code
National Research Council of Canada
Ottawa
NRCC No. 13982
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First Edition 1941 Second Edition 1953 Third Edition 1960 Fourth Edition 1965 Fifth Edition 1970 Sixth Edition 1975
© National Research Council of Canada 1975 World Rights Reserved
Printed in Canada
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Preface ...•...•.
vii
Guide to the Use of the Code. . • . . . • . . .
ix
Committee Members.. . .•.... ..•. .•..•...•.. ...•...•.. ....
xiii
Part 1 Scope and Definitions ..•....•...•...•....
1
Part 2 Administration. . . • . . • . . . • . . • • . . . • . . . •
15
Part 3 Use and Occupancy ...•..•...•...•..
29
Part 4 Design. . . • . . . • . . . • . . • . . • • . . . • . .
143
Part 5 Materials... . . • . . . • . . • . . • • . • . . . • . . . • . . .
179
Part 6 Building Services ...•...•.••...•... 183
Part 7 Plumbing Services .•...•...•...•... 195
Part 8 Construction Safety Measures ...•...•..•. 199
Part 9 Housing and Small Buildings ...••...••..•.. 203
Index... ... . ..•...•...•. ... 347
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PREFACE
The National Building Code of Canada is published by the National Research Council through its Associate Committee on the National Building Code. It is writ-ten in legal form so that it can be adopted or enacted by the municipal, provincial and federal governments of Canada. This edition, the sixth, is produced at a time when the National Building Code is receiving increasing attention, not only from local municipal governments for whose use it was originally designed. but also from provincial governments, several of which are using the Code as the basis of uniform building standards within their respective jurisdictions.
Work on this Code, as in previous editions, has been carried out with the volun-tary assistance of the many experts from coast to coast who contribute to the opera-tion of the Associate Committee on the Naopera-tional Building Code, thus ensuring that the Code keeps pace with advances in building technology. The Associate Commit-tee currently consists of 24 members appointed by the National Research Council, who sit as individuals and not as representatives of any organization. They are gen-erally representative of all major phases of building in Canada. The Committee has direct responsibility under the National Research Council for the preparation and publication of the Code, thus ensuring the autonomy of this document.
The staff of the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council provide technical and secretarial support, all of which is carried out at the direction of the Associate Committee. The many technical problems revealed by the use and revision of the Code are referred to the Division of Building Research for study in an attempt to make available to the Associate Committee the most up-to-date information on building technology.
The Associate Committee is assisted in the technical aspects of code writing by a number of Standing Committees, each of which is responsible for one major part of the Code, or for one of the associated documents. Each Standing Committee is made up of experts in the particular field for which it is responsible. Building officials, architects, engineers, contractors and other experts share their experience in the national interest. These Committees and their memberships are listed in the following pages.
The Code has undergone major changes in format since the previous edition of 1970. Parts I and 2 have been interchanged so that Part I now contains the definitions and Part 2 the administration requirements, thus conforming to the arrangements commonly used in legal documents. Part 5 will no longer contain a list of material standards; instead, a new list expanded to include all standards refer-enced by the National Building Code will be issued as a separate document for the convenience of Code users.
The requirements of Part 6 formerly in Section 6.2 have been removed from the Code and are now included in the new Canadian Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Code which is referenced in Part 6. Similarly, the entire technical con-tents of Part 7 and of Part 8 of the National Building Code have been transferred to the Canadian Plumbing Code and the Canadian Construction Safety Code, respec-tively, with reference being made to these Codes in Parts 7 and 8. The only change in format to Part 9 is the removal of the "Span Tables for Wood Joists, Rafters and Beams." These Tables are, however, still available as a separat~ document. Further details on the new arrangement of the Code are given below in HA Guide' to the Use of the Code."
The practice of including in brackets the metric equivalents of dimensions in foot-pound units (except in Part 9 and the Tables), established in the 1970 edition, has
vii
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been continued. These metric equivalents are included as approximations only, and are not intended to have legal significance. The Associate Committee is committed to providing a fully metric edition of the Code as soon as possible consistent with the adoption of metric units by the building industry.
The next edition of the Code, work upon which is already underway, will be prod-uced in 1977. This reflects a recent decision of the Associate Committee to issue a new Code every 2 years instead of every 5 as in the past. thus obviating the need for revision slips in the form of annual Change Series. except in special circumstances.
Comments, criticisms and suggestions for the improvement of the Code and its associate documents are welcomed by the Associate Committee and will be given careful consideration. All communications with regard to the Code and its associ-ated documents should be addressed to: The Secretary, Associate Committee on the National Building Code, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIAOR6.
Le Code national du batiment, ses supplements et les documents qui s'y ratta-chent sont disponibles en franc;ais. On peut se les procurer en s'adressant au Secre-taire, Comite associe du Code national du batiment, Conseil national de recherches du Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OR6.
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y, and mitted It with : prod-.ssue a :ed for lces. md its given lssoci-on the Intario ratta- Secre-erches
A GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE CODE
The National Building Code is essentially a set of minimum regulations respect-ing the safety of buildrespect-ings with reference to public health, fire protection and struc-tural sufficiency. It is not intended to be a text book of building design, advice upon which should be sought from professional sources. Its primary purpose is the pro-motion of public safety through the application of appropriate uniform building standards throughout Canada.
The Code is drafted in such a way that it may be adopted or enacted for legal use by any jurisdictional authority in Canada. It is divided into nine Parts, each Part being self-sufficient with a minimum of cross references. A decimal numbering sys-tem has been used throughout the Code. The first number indicates the Part of the Code, the second, the Section in the Part, the third, the Subsection and the fourth, the Article in the Subsection. An Article may be further broken down into Sen-tences (indicated by numbers in brackets), and the Sentence further divided into Clauses and Subclauses. These are illustrated as follows:
3. 3.5 3.5.1. 3.5.1.6. 3.5.1.6.( I) 3.5.1.6.(I)(e) 3.5.1.6.(I)(e)(i) Part Section Subsection Article Sentence Clause Subclause A summary of the contents of the Code follows:
Part 1: Scope and Definitions
Throughout the Code certain words appear in italic type. These are the words which have been defined in Part I. This Part also contains a list of abbreviations used in the Code.
Part 2: Administration
Part 2 contains regulations that pertain to the application of the Code. In this Part are defined the powers, duties and responsibilities of those concerned.
Part 3: Use and Occupancy
This Part contains the requirements with respect to health and fire safety. which depend upon the use to which a building is put and its type of occupancy. The first section contains the interpretative material relating to occupancy classification and the more general features of fire protection. Sections that follow contain specific requirements relating to building size and occupancy and fire safety within floor areas. exit requirements, requirements for service spaces and health requirements. An important feature of Part 3 is the Subsection dealing with fire in tall buildings. In addition new requirements have been added to make public buildings more accessi-ble to the handicapped.
Part 4: Design
This Part is made up of eight Sections. The first (4.1) deals with the loads to be used in design calculations and the methods of design to be followed. Section 4.2 regulates foundation design and construction. The other Sections (4.3 to 4.8) deal
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with design in wood. masonry, concrete. steel and aluminum, and with the materials used to clad a building and protect it from the weather. Sections 4.3 to 4.7 contain only short performance requirements referring to the design methods outlined in detail in other documents such as CSA Standards and in Supplement No.4. Part 5: Materials
This is a short Part but it includes an important Clause which permits the use of materials other than those directly specified in the Code providing equivalency of performance can be shown. The list of material Standards is no longer included; however, a complete listing of all Standards referenced in the Code is provided in a separate document.
Part 6: Building Services
"Part 6 and the Canadian Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Code which it references are concerned with the safe functioning of heating. ventilating. elevator and other service equipment installed in a building. Section 6.2 which formerly con-stituted a large portion of Part 6 has now been transferred to the Canadian Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Code. The requirements deal mainly with installa-tion. Corresponding provisions relating to fire safety as determined by the occu-pancy of the building are to be found in Part 3.
Part 7: Plumbing
Although plumbing is a service that could be classified under Building Services. the prominence and extent of its regulations warrant separate treatment. This Part contains only the basic legal statements with reference to Scope, Application and Administration. All detailed technical requirements are contained in the Canadian Plumbing Code which is published separately. This latter Code contains require-ments for the size and quality of fixtures and related pipes and fittings for plumbing systems, and in its Appendix has explanatory sketches and notes to further clarify these requirements.
Part 8: Construction Safety Measures Public Safety at Construction Sites This Part regulates the precautions that must be taken to protect the safety of the public in the vicinity of construction sites. It is similar to Part 7 in that it is quite short, all detailed technical requirements having been transferred to the Canadian Construction Safety Code, which is issued separately and is referenced in the NBC. The Construction Safety Code also contains a Section dealing with the safety of workmen on construction sites, but these requirements are not referenced in the National Building Code.
Part 9: Housing and Small Buildings
This Part provides detailed requirements for the construction of houses and small buildings up to 6,000 square feet per floor and three storeys in height, and applies to all occupancies except assembly, institutional and high hazard industrial. As it is similar to the former Short Form of the Code, the Short Form will no longer be pub-lished. The residential provisions of Part 9 combined with additional requirements for durability and performance make up the Residential Standards, used by Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation to govern construction under the National Housing Act.
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terials )ntain led in use of lCY of uded; d in a which :;!vator y con~ :ating, stalla~ occu~ rvices. s Part nand lad ian :quire~ mbing clarify of the ; quite ladian NBC. etyof in the I small ,lies to .s it is e pub~ ~ments :entral ltional
-SUPPLEMENTS
The following Supplements are published by the Associate Committee but do not form a legal part of the Code when it is adopted for use.
Supplement No.1: Climatic Information for Building Design in Canada
This Supplement contains information on climatic loads to be expected in all pans of Canada. It is through the use of these climatic factors summarized in this Supplement. with appropriate adjustments for climate variation in different locali-ties, that the Code can be used nationally.
Supplement No.2: Fire Performance Ratings
Supplement No.2 provides a guide to the determination of the fire resistance, flame spread and smoke-developed ratings of materials in construction in relation to the provisions of the Code. It gives a procedure for calculating the fire-resistance rating of construction assemblies based on generic descriptions of the materials used in the assemblies.
Supplement No.3: Commentary on Part 3
The main purpose of this Supplement (still in preparation at time of writing) is to explain the provisions of Part 3 and the reasons for the main groups of ments, and to provide background information on the application of these require-ments in practice. It will also contain material in support of the high-rise requirements in Part 3. The latter has, meanwhile, been issued separately under the title "Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings."
Supplement No.4: Commentaries on Part 4
Supplement No.4 consists of explanatory material and related technical informa-tion useful to the designer in the applicainforma-tion of the design requirements in Part 4 of the Code. It also contains the design provisions for plain and reinforced masonry. The design standards for steel, aluminum, concrete and wood that previously were contained in this Supplement are no longer included. since these standards are avail-able from the Canadian Standards Association.
Supplement No.5: Building Standards for the Handicapped
This short but important Supplement is well described by its title. Whenever prov-ision must be made for the use of buildings by handicapped persons, the terms of this Supplement should be applied. Certain requirements in this Supplement are mandatory for "public buildings" under the 1975 edition of the National Building Code. xi
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ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS
The Associate Committee on the National Building Code also publishes the fol-lowing associated documents, the majority of which have been mentioned above, which shows the close interrelationship of all these documents with the Code itself:
Canadian Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Code 1975 Canadian Plumbing Code 1975
Canadian Construction Safety Code 1975
Residential Standards 1975 (formerly Canadian Code for Residential Construction)
Canadian Farm Building Code 1975
Span Tables for Wood Joists, Rafters, Trusses and Beams 1975 List of Standards Referenced in the National Building Code 1975 Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings
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e fol-bove, self:
I I
THE ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF CANADA,
ITS
STANDING COMMITTEES
AND
OTHER SPECIAL CODE COMMITTEES
ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
C. D. Carruthers (Chairman)
H. B. Dickens (DepUly Chairman)
V. S. Baker J. G. Burchill S. D. C. Chutter R. F. DeGrace P. Dobush C. G. E. Downing J. T. Gregg W. B.Guihan R. V. Hebert J. S. Hicks H. T. Jones Retired· J. D. Beaty (Deceased) R. A. Bird W. G. Connelly l. Coop R. M. Dillon J. Longworth A. T. Mann C. J. McConnell R. N. McManus A. T. Muir F. X. Perreault G. B. Pope H. R. Stenson R. A. W. Switzer J. M. Verreault C. J. Ward
D. W. Boyd (Research Advisor-Meteorology)
R. S. Ferguson (Research Advisor)
R. H. Dunn (Secretary) T. R. Durley (Deceased) S. A. Gitterman A. Matthews K. R. Rybka D. H. Waller
J. M. Robertson (Secretary un/if January, 1973)
AD HOC COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATION
R. F. DeGrace (Chairman) G. Adams J. E. Cocks G. H. Fleming A. W. Hopen J. D. McNairnay E. F. Osborne F. X. Perreault G. W. Simonson E. M. Walsh C. J. Ward
R. S. Ferguson (Research Advisor)
J. W. Sawers (Secretary)
*Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
xiii
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STANDING COMMITIEE ON USE AND OCCUPANCY G. B. Pope (Chairman) D. M. Baird G. H. Brundige H. D. Collins I. Coop S.Cumming J. C. Dodd J. P. C. Elson G. H. Fleming R. V. Hebert K. Izumi Retired· B. Kellam G. W. Lawson H. A. Locke J. L. Martin A. W. McIntyre R. L. Montador D. F. McLean C. R. Thomson R. C. Wilson
R. S. Ferguson (Research Advisor) M. Galbreath (Research Advisor) J. W. Sawers (Secretary)
T. R. Durley (Deceased) (Chairman until Dec. 1973) A. J. James J. D. McNairnay G. W. Peck R. V. Hebert (Chairman) R. J. Baer I. Coop J. P. C. Elson G. H. Fleming E. S. Hornby D. L. Lindsay J. J. McCully Retired· T. R. Durley (Deceased) D.Horne J. L. Poulin G. S. Smith
Task Group on High Rise Buildings
N. S. Pearce G. A. Pelletier C. N. W. Shewan G. V. Tatham C. R. Thomson
R. S. Ferguson (Research Advisor) M. Galbreath (Research Advisor) J. W. Sawers (Secretary)
*Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
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STANDING COMMITTEE ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN J. Longworth (Chairman) N. N.Aylon L. H. Bush J. F. Cutler R. F. DeGrace E. L. Fowler P. J. Harris D. J. L. Kennedy C. Marsh D. J. MacMillan Retired
*
R. H.Gunn M. W. Huggins J. H. McNaughton P. T. Mikluchin L. D. Roberts O. Safir A. G. Stermac J. Stonehewer D. L. Tarlton E. Y. U zumeri W. C. Viner D. T. WrightW. R. Schriever (Research Advisor)
R. H. Dunn (Secretary)
R. N. McManus H. T. Work
Subcommittee on Structural Loads and Procedures J. Longworth (Chairman) A. G. Davenport T. A. Eldridge D. J. L. Kennedy A. G. Stermac (Chairman) D. J. Bazett J. W. Gadsby D. Klajnerman V. Milligan L. Samson Retired* B. B. Torchinsky E. Y. Uzumeri D. T. Wright
W. R. Schriever (Research Advisor)
R. H. Dunn (Secretary)
Subcommittee on Foundations F. Tavenas W. A. Trow W. C. Viner
K. N. Burn (Research Advisor)
J. W. Sawers (Secretary)
·Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
xv
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Subcommittee on Plain and Reinforced Masonry P. T. Mikluchin (Chairman) H. Morstead
N. N. Aylon R. Primeau J. F. Cutler L. D. Roberts D. J. MacMillan (Chairman) J. F. Cutler R. V. Hebert Retired'" J. R. Beale R. Des Roches
W. G. Plewes (Research Advisor)
T. Ritchie (Research Advisor)
R. H. Dunn (Secretary)
Subcommittee on Cladding J. Stonehewer D. L. Tarleton
D. A. Lutes (Research Advisor)
R. H. Dunn (Secretary)
H. Koschitzky
CSA/NBC JOINT COMMITIEE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN R. N. McManus (Chairman) L. H. Bush L. Cazaly T. A. Crossier D. M. Curzon T. De Vroom A. B. Dove E. J. Grant Retired'" R. H. Dunn C. M. Allen W.R.Ball J. Barbacki B. DeV. Batchelor L. C. Bohlman S. Borgford J. Bradstock A. J. Burgess W. N. Hesegawa H. W. Hopkins M. W. Huggins J. G. MacGregor P. Roberge J. W. Strzelecki D. Temple
W. G. Plewes (Research Advisor and Secretary) B. A. Hesketh (Deceased) Subcommittees L. H. Bush L. Cazaly P. T. Christoffersen M. P. Collins T. A. Crosier B. F. Cummings D. M. Curzon T. De Vroom
·Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
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!GN R. Dorton A. B. Dove J. Dudra R. F. Dunn V. C. Fenton R. M. Francis G. Gascon E. J. Grant P. J. Harris W. N. Hasegawa B. A. Hesketh (Deceased) H. W. Hopkins M. W. Huggins B.Hull J. Jablonsky L. Jaeger P. La Marre T. Laviolette J. G. MacGregor J. H. McCalla R. H. B. McLaughlin Subcommittees (Cont'd) R. N. McManus R. Morden D. R. Morris G. D. Morrison (Deceased) W. E. Pery M. Pigeon W.G. PI ewes H. S. Ragan P. Roberge J. Royer A. Shakoor S. H. Simmonds W. M. Slater J. Springfield J. W. Strzelecki S. M. Uzumeri J. Warwaruk C. E. Welsh A. Williams W. Wright D. Zavitzianos
CSA/NBC JOINT LIAISON COMMITTEE ON LIMIT STATES DESIGN
D. J. L. Kennedy (Chairman) L. H. Bush A. G. Davenport P. J. Harris N. C. Lind J. Longworth C. Marsh P. T. Mikluchin C. R. Wilson J. L. De Stein
D. E. Allen (Research Advisor
and Secretary)
STANDING COMMITTEE ON BUILDING SERVICES H. T. Jones (Chairman) G. F. Anderson F. Beairsto W. Clark G. P. Cote G. W. Goodkey G. H. Green H. E. Jordon J. O. Kentner H. W. Klassen D. B. Leaney H. A. Locke Retired* J. P. C. Elson C. J. McConnell A. W. McIntyre T. G. McManus F. L. Nicholson E. J. Papik F. M. Powell A. G. Reed P. Thibault H. Wank
A. D. Kent (Research Advisor) J. F. K. Summers (Secretary)
J. Leeming
·Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
xvii
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STANDING COMMITIEE ON PLUMBING SERVICES V. S. Baker (Chairman) E. H. Anaka G. D. Anderson B. M. Bolduc D. C. Champion W. DeLaMare T. Dixon K. C. Ford L. Hardy R. J. Hunt B. Kellam A. A. Knapp V. J. Mann R. A. McCurdy A. W. McIntyre Retired* H. Hudon J. Leeming W. A. Milligan D. H. Minty P. G. Spenst L. F. Stanbrook J. E. Stott G. L. Swain A. D. Thompson D. H. Waller C. J. Ward
R. K. Beach (Research Advisor)
J. F. K. Summers (Secretary)
T. Pellow H. J. Taylor
STANDING COMMITIEE ON CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MEASURES
J. T. Gregg (Chairman) M. E. Campbell R. K. Cleverdon R. A. Dahl L. A. Deschamps R. W.Law J. C. Lavoie R. Litster B. MacNeill T. C. Morgan J. D. Paton H. C. Phillips J. Quail Retired
*
J. M. C. Clarke G. J. Lapointe J. Sangster J. L. Richards N. C. Robinson G. J. Samson G. V. Smyth D. S. Walker R. W. A. YeatesD. A. Lutes (Research Advisor)
J. F. K. Summers (Secretary)
J. L. Sisk P. Sorokan G. B. Williams
*Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
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~ES
STANDING COMMITTEE ON HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGS P. Dobush (Chairman) G.Adams G. N. Bilous R. F. Buckingham M. G. Dixon N. Gauthier W. G. Griffiths P. Jones A. W. Kempthorne D. E. Kennedy J. Kerr E. C. MacNearney Retired* R. Davidson A. E. Diamond M. A. Donolo P. Gaboury S. A. Gitterman M. C. Langlois J. McAvoy W. M. McCance A. W. Mcintyre T. C. Morgan A. T. Muir E. F. Osborne W. Ritchie A. Thorim bert B. Trempe H. T. Work
A. T. Hansen (Research Advisor) J. W. Sawers (Secretary) R. MacDonald C. J. McConnell R. H. Milne H. M. Nijssen B. E. Nixon L. S. Walker
STANDING COMMITTEE ON BUILDING STANDARDS FOR THE HANDICAPPED A. T. Mann (Chairman) M. G. P. Cameron E. J. Desjardins M.G. Dixon J. Dottridge (Mrs) J. Fortin C. K. Hall J. L. Martin Retired* D. R. Brown L. Lander (Miss) D. McClelland (Mrs) J. M. Phillips M. Pine W. B. Race M. E. Whitridge (Mrs) D. Henning (Research Advisor) J. W. Sawers (Secretary)
G. W. Peck G. J. Wagner
*Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
xix
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STANDING COMMITTEE ON FARM BUILDING STANDARDS C. G. E. Downing (Chairman) J. R. Beale J. E. Brubaker L. A. Donoghue W. Hewitson J. J. Hogan H. L. Isabelle D. E. Kennedy W. Mitchell Retired· J. A. Roberts A. G. Wilson (Chairman) J. R. Bateman J. E. Breeze S. A. Marks P. Mercier-Gouin N. S. Pearce Retired· W. J. MacNeill E. B. Moysey L. M. Staley F. H. Theakston A. Thorimbert J. E. Turnbull J. W. White R. G. Winfield
D. A. Lutes (Research Advisor)
J. F. K. Summers (Secretary)
FIRE TEST BOARD
G. B. Pope G. W. Simonson R. C. Wilson
M. Galbreath (Research Advisor)
J. J. Shaver (Secretary)
.Committee term completed during preparation of 1975 Code
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-PART!
SCOPE AND
DEFINITIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1.1
Short Title ...
3
Section 1.2
Scope. . . • . . . • . . • . . .
3
Section 1.3
Definitions of Words and Phrases ...
3
Section 1.4
Abbreviations. . . • . . • . • . . . • . . . .
12
1
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PART 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 SHORT TITLE
SUBSECTION 1.1.1. This Bylaw may be cited as "The Building Bylaw."
SECTION ].2 SCOPE
SUBSECTION 1.2.1. This Bylaw applies to the design, construction and
occupancy of new buildings, and the alteration, reconstruction, demolition, removal,
relocation and occupancy of existing buildings.
SECTION 1.3 DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND
PHRASES
SUBSECTION 1.3.1. For definition of words used in this Bylaw that are not included in this Part, reference should be made to a standard dictionary.
SUBSECTION 1.3.2. The words and terms in italics in this Bylaw have the fol-lowing meanings:
Access to exit (see exit, access to).
Adfreezing means the adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the
freezing of soil water. (Also referred to as "frost grip.")
Air-supported structure means a structure consisting of a pliable membrane
which achieves and maintains its shape and support by internal air pressure.
Alarm signal means a signal indicating an emergency requiring immediate
action such as an alarm for fire from a manual box, a water flow alarm, an alarm from an automatic fire alarm system or other emergency signal.
Allowable bearing pressure (see bearing pressure, allowable).
Allowable load (see load, allowable).
Alloyed zinc means an alloy of zinc having the corrosion resistance and physical
properties of an alloy containing 0.15 per cent titanium, 0.74 per cent copper and 99.1 I per cent zinc and so tempered as to be capable of being formed into the shape required for a watertight joint.
Alteration means a change or extension to any matter or thing or to any
occupancy regulated by this Bylaw.
Appliance means a device to convert fuel into energy, and includes all
compo-nents, controls, wiring and piping required to be part of the device by the applicable standard referred to in this Bylaw.
Appropriate authority havingjurisdiciion means the departments of the provincial
governments and agents thereof that have authority over the subject that is regulated.
Approved means approved by the authority having jurisdiction or the appropriate
authority having jurisdiction.
Artesian groundwater (see groundwater, artesian).
Assembly occupancy means the occupancy or the use of a building, or part
thereof, by a gathering of persons for civic, political, travel, religious, social, educational, recreational or like purposes, or for the consumption of food or drink.
Attic or roof space means the space between the roof and the ceiling of the top
storey or between a dwarf wall and a sloping roof.
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Authority havingjurisdiction means
(a) with respect to the proclamation and amendment of this Bylaw, and the creation of a Board of Appeal, the adopting governmental body, or (b) with respect to the administration of this Bylaw, the person (desig-nated official) appointed by the adopting governmental body and any person authorized by him to administer this Bylaw.
Bachelor dwelling unit means a dwelling unit for I or 2 adults with or without I
bedroom.
Bearing pressure, allowable (as applying to foundations) means the maximum
pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit
considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions.
Bearing pressure, design (as applying to foundations) means the pressure applied
by a foundation unit to a soil or rock and which is not greater than the
allowable bearing pressure.
Bearing surface means the contact surface between a foundation unit and the
soil or rock upon which it bears.
Boiler means an appliance intended to supply hot water or steam for space
heat-ing, processing or power purposes.
Breeching means a flue pipe or chamber for receiving flue gases from I or more
flue connections and for discharging these gases through a single flue
connection.
Building means any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any
use or occupancy.
Building area means the greatest horizontal area of a building above grade
within the outside surface of exterior walls or within the outside surface of exterior walls and the cen tre line of jirewalls.
Buildingface, exposing (see exposing buildingface).
Building height (in storeys) means the number of storeys contained between the
roof and the floor of the jirst storey.
Business and personal services occupancy means the occupancy or use of a
building or part thereof for the transaction of business or the rendering or
receiving of professional or personal services.
Caisson (see pile).
Chimney means a primarily vertical shaft enclosing at least I flue for conducting
flue gases to the outdoors.
Chimney, factory-built means a chimney consisting entirely of factory-made
parts, each designed to be assembled with the other without requiring fabrication on site.
Chimney liner means a conduit containing a chimney flue used as a lining of a
masonry or concrete chimney.
Chimney, masonry or concrete means a chimney of brick. stone, concrete or
approved masonry units constructed on site.
Chimney, metal means a single-wall chimney of metal constructed on site.
Cladding, exterior means those components of a building which are exposed to
the outdoor environment and are intended to provide protection against wind, water or vapour.
Closure means a device for shutting off an opening through a construction
assembly, such as a door or a shutter, and includes all components such as hardware. closing devices, frames and anchors.
Combustible (as applying to an elementary building material) means that such
material fails to conform to eSA B54.1-1972, "Determination of Non-combustibility in Building Materials."
Combustible construction means that type of construction that does not meet the
requirements for noncombustible construction.
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v, and , or :desig-d any hout 1 dmum ?n unit Ions. pplied an the nd the e heat-r moheat-re ;le flue ngany : grade face of ~en the e of a :ring or :lucting y-made quiring ng of a 'rete or osed to against .ruction Its such at such ,f Non-!leet the
Constructor means a person who contracts with an owner or his authorized
agent to undertake a project, and includes an owner who contracts with more than I person for the work on a project or undertakes the work on a project or any part thereof.
Covered walkway (see walkway, covered).
Dead load means the weight of all permanent structural and nonconstructural
components of a building.
Deep foundation means a foundation unit that provides support for a building by
transferring loads either by end-bearing to a soil or rock at considerable depth below the building, or by adhesion or friction, or both, in the soil or
rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type of deep
foundation.
Design bearing pressure (see bearing pressure, design).
Designer means the person responsible for the design.
Design load (see load, design).
Dwelling unit means a room or suite of rooms operated as a housekeeping unit,
used or intended to be used as a domicile by I or more persons and usu-ally containing cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities.
Enclosed walkway (see walkway, enclosed).
Excavation means the space created by the removal of soil, rock or fill for the
purposes of construction.
Exhaust duct means a duct through which air is conveyed from a room or space
to the outdoors.
Exit means that part of a means of egress that leads from the floor area it serves,
including any doorway leading directly from a floor area, to a public thoroughfare or to an approved open space.
Exit, access to means that part of a means of egress within a floor area that
pro-vides access to an exit serving the floor area.
Exit, horizontal means that type of exit connecting 2 floor areas at substantially
the same level by means of a doorway, vestibule, bridge or balcony, such
floor areas being located either in different buildings or located in the
same building and fully separated from each other by a firewall.
Exit level (as applying to Subsection 3.2.6.) means the lowest level in an
enclosed exit stairway from which an exterior door provides access to a public thoroughfare or to an approved open space with access to a public thoroughfare at approximately the same level either directly or through a vestibule or exit corridor.
Exit storey (as applying to Subsection 3.2.6.) means a storey from which an
exte-rior door provides direct access at approximately the same level to a pub-lic thoroughfare or to an approved open space with access to a pubpub-lic thoroughfare.
Exposing building face means that part of the exterior wall of a building which
faces one direction and is located between ground level and the ceiling of its top storey, or where a building is divided into fire compartments, the exterior wall of a fire compartment which faces one direction.
Exterior cladding (see cladding, exterior).
Factory-built chimney (see chimney,factory-built).
Fill means soil, rock, rubble, industrial waste such as slag, organic material or a
combination of these that is transported and placed on the natural sur-face of a soil or rock or organic terrain. It mayor may not be compacted.
Fire compartment means an enclosed space in a building that is separated from
all other parts of the building by enclosing construction providing a fire
separation having a required fire-resistance rating.
Fire damper means a closure which consists of a normally held open damper
installed in an air distribution system or in a wall or floor assembly, and designed to close automatically in the event of a fire in order to maintain the integrity of the fire separation.
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Fire load (as applying to an occupancy) means the combustible contents of a
room or floor area expressed in terms of the average weight of combustible
materials per square foot, from which the potential heat liberation may be calculated based on the calorific value of the materials. and includes the furnishings, finished floor, wall and ceiling finishes, trim and temporary and movable partitions.
Fire-protection rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a closure,
window assembly or glass block assembly will withstand the passage of flame when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and per-formance criteria, or as otherwise prescribed in this Bylaw.
Fire resistance means the property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or
give protection from it; as applied to elements of buildings, it is character-ized by the ability to confine a fire or to continue to perform a given structural function, or both.
Fire-resistance rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a material
or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpre-tation of information derived therefrom as prescribed in this Bylaw.
Fire-retardant treated wood means wood or a wood product that has had its
sur-face-burning characteristics such as flame spread, rate of fuel contribution and density of smoke developed, reduced by impregnation with fire-retardant chemicals.
Fire separation means a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the
spread of fire and may not be required to have a fire-reSistance rating or a
fire-prOiection rating.
Fire stop means a draft-tight barrier within or between construction assemblies
tha t acts to retard the passage of smoke and flame.
Fire stop flap means a device intended for use in horizontal assemblies required
to have a fire-resistance rating and incorporating protective ceiling mem-branes, which operates to close off a duct opening through the membrane in the event of a fire.
Firewall means a type of fire separation of noncombustible construction which
subdivides a building or separates adjoining buildings to resist the spread of fire and which has a fire-resistance rating as prescribed in this Bylaw and has structural stability to remain intact under fire conditions for the required fire-rated time.
First storey (see storey, first).
Flame-spread rating means an index or classification indicating the extent of
spread-of-flame on the surface of a material or an assembly of materials as determined in a standard fire test as prescribed in this Bylaw.
Floor area means the space on any storey of a building between exterior walls
and required firewalls, including the space occupied by interior walls and
partitions, but not including exits and vertical service spaces that pierce the
storey.
Flue means an enclosed passageway for conveying flue gases.
Flue collar means the portion of a fuel-fired appliance designed for the
attach-ment of the flue pipe or breeching.
Flue pipe means the pipe connecting the flue collar of an appliance to a chimney.
Forced-air furnace (see furnace, forced-air).
Foundation means a system or arrangement of foundation units through which
the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rock.
Foundation, deep (see deep foundation).
Foundation, shallow (see shallow foundation).
Foundation unit means one of the structural members of the foundation of a
building such as a footing, raft or pile.
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ts of a "ustible maybe des the lporary closure, sage of ld per-1 fire or lracter-a given naterial md the lions of lterpre-{. its sur-)f fuel gnation .inst the ing or a ;emblies 'equired g mem-:mbrane '1 which ~ spread s Bylaw ; for the xtent of .:taterials or walls -aIls and ierce the : attach-~imney. :h which 'ion of a
Frost action means the phenomenon that occurs when water in soil is subjected
to freezing which, because of the water ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions or both, and the subsequent thawing that leads to loss of soil strength and increased compressibility.
Furnace means a space-heating appliance using warm air as the heating medium
and usually having provision for the attachment of ducts.
Furnace, forced-air means a furnace equipped with a fan that provides the
pri-mary means for circulation of air.
Garage, repair means a building or part thereof where facilities are provided for
the repair or servicing of motor vehicles.
Garage, storage means a building or part thereof intended for the storage or
parking of motor vehicles and which contains no provision for the repair or servicing of such vehicles.
Gas vent (as applying to heating or cooling systems) means that portion of a
venting system designed to convey vent gases vertically to the outside air from the vent connector of a gas-fired appliance, or directly from the
appliance when a vent connector is not used, and includes any offsets.
Grade (as applying to the determination of building height) means the average
level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls, as deter-mined by the authority having jurisdiction (see storey,first).
Groundwater means a free standing body of water in the ground.
Groundwater, artesian means a confined body of water under pressure in the
ground.
Groundwater level (groundwater table) means the top surface of a free standing
body of water in the ground.
Groundwater, perched means a free standing body of water in the ground
extending to a limited depth.
Guard means a protective barrier around openings in floors or at the open sides
of stairs, landings, balconies, mezzanines, galleries, raised walkways or other locations to prevent accidental falls from one level to another. Such barrier mayor may not have openings through it.
Heat detector means a device for sensing an abnormally high air temperature or
an abnormal rate of heat rise and automatically initiating a signal indicat-ing this condition.
Heavy timber construction means that type of combustible construction in which a
degree of fire safety is attained by placing limitations on the sizes of wood structural members and on thickness and composition of wood floors and roofs. by avoidance of concealed spaces under floors and roofs and by use of approved fastenings, construction details and adhesives for struc-tural members.
High hazard industrial occupancy (see industrial occupancy, high hazard).
High occupant load means an occupant load where the number of persons in a
room or floor area is such that the area of floor per person is not more than 12 sq ft (1.1 m2).
Horizontal exit (see exit, horizontal).
Horizontal service space means a space such as an attic, duct, ceiling, roof or
crawl space oriented essentially in a horizontal plane, concealed and gen-erally inaccessible, through which building service facilities such as pipes, ducts and wiring may pass.
Independent central station means a continually supervised station under the
control of a company independen t of the owners of the building to be pro-tected, that conforms with NFPA 71-1972, "Installation, Maintenance and Use of Central Station Protective Signaling Systems for Guard. Fire Alarm and Supervisory Service."
Indirect service water heater (see service water heater, indirect).
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Industrial occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for
assembling, fabricating, manufacturing, processing, repairing or storing of goods and materials.
Industrial occupancy, high hazard (Group F, Division 1) means an industrial
occupancy containing sufficient quantities of highly combustible and
flammable or explosive materials which, because of their inherent charac-teristics, constitute a special fire hazard.
Industrial occupancy, medium hazard (Group F, Division 2) means an industrial
occupancy in which the combustible content is more than
to
Ib (4.5 kg) or100,000 Btu/sq ft (I 135600 kJ/m2) of floor area and not classified as high hazard industrial occupancy.
Industrial occupancy, low hazard (Group F, Division 3) means an industrial
occupancy in which the combustible content is not more than
to
lb (4.5 kg)or 100,000 Btu/sq ft (I 135600 kJ/m2) of floor area.
Infirm persons means all institutionalized persons whose age or health is such
that they require institutional care or treatment.
Institutional occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof
by persons harboured or detained to receive medical care or treatment; or by persons involuntarily detained.
Limiting distance means the distance from an exposing building face towards a
property line, the centre line of a street, lane, public thoroughfare or an imaginary line between 2 buildings on the same property, measured at right angles to the exposing buildingface.
Live load means the load other than dead load to be assumed in the design of the
structural members of a building. It includes loads resulting from snow, rain, wind, earthquake and those due to occupancy, including movable
partitions.
Load, allowable (as applying to foundations) means the maximum load that may
be safely applied to a foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions.
Loadbearing (as applying to a building element) means subjected to or designed
to carry loads in addition to its own dead load, excepting a wall element subjected only to wind or earthquake loads in addition to its own dead load.
Load, design (as applying to foundations) means the load applied to afoundation
unit and which is not greater than the allowable load.
Load, fire (see fire load).
Load, high occupant (see high occupant load).
Load, occupant (see occupant load).
Low hazard industrial occupancy (see industrial occupancy, low hazard).
Masonry or concrete chimney (see chimney, masonry or concrete).
Means of egress means a continuous path of travel provided by a doorway,
hall-way, corridor, exterior passagehall-way, balcony, lobby, stair, ramp or other egress facility or combination thereof, for the escape of persons from any point in a building, floor area, room or contained open space to a public thoroughfare or other approved open space. (Means of egress includes exits
and access to exits.)
Medium hazard industrial occupancy (see industrial occupancy, medium hazard).
Mercantile occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof
for the displaying or selling of retail goods, wares or merchandise.
Metal chimney (see chimney, metal).
Mezzanine means an intermediate floor between the floor and ceiling of any
room or storey.
Noncombustible (as applying to an elementary building material) means that
such material conforms to eSA B54.1-1972, "Determination of Noncom-bustibility in Building Materials."
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'eoffor storing iustrial Ie and ;harac-dustrial ; kg) or as high dustrial (4.5 kg) is such thereof nent; or Nards a 'e or an ured at n of the n snow, novable !tat may xpected Ie signed element N'n dead mdation ay, hall-or other ~om any a public :les exits zard}. thereof ; of any ms that
[oncom-Noncombustible construction means that type of construction in which a degree
of fire safety is attained by the use of noncombustible materials for struc-tural members and other building assemblies.
Occupancy means the use or intended use of a building or part thereof for the
shelter or support of persons, animals or property.
Occupancy, major means the principal occupancy for which a building or part
thereof is used or intended to be used, and shall be deemed to include the subsidiary occupancies which are an integral part of the principal
occupancy.
Occupant load means the number of persons for which a building or part thereof
is designed.
Owner means any person, firm or corporation controlling the property under
consideration.
Partition means an interior wall I storey or part-storey in height that is not
loadbearing.
Party wall (see wall, party).
Peat means a highly organic soil consisting chiefly of more or less fragmented
remains of vegetable matter sequentially deposited.
Perched groundwater (see groundwater, perched).
Permit means permission or authorization in writing by the authority having
jurisdiction to perform work regulated by this Bylaw and, in the case of an
occupancy permit, to occupy any building or part thereof.
Pile means a slender deep foundation unit, made of materials such as wood, steel
or concrete or combination thereof, which is either pre manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting or screwing, or cast-in-place in a hole formed by driving, excavating or boring. (Cast-in-place bored piles are often referred to as caissons in Canada.)
Plenum means a chamber forming part of an air duct system.
Plumbing system means a drainage system, a venting system and a water system
or parts thereof.
Post-disaster building means a building essential to provide services in the event
of a disaster, and includes hospitals, fire stations, police stations, radio stations, telephone exchanges, power stations, electrical substations, pumping stations (water and sewage) and fuel depot buildings.
Private sewage disposal system means a privately owned plant for the treatment
and disposal of sewage (such as a septic tank with an absorption field).
Products of combustion detector means a type of smoke detector for the detection
of fire by sensing the presence of I or more of the products of combustion based on the ionization principle, resistance bridge method or cloud chamber effect, and automatically initiating a signal indicating this condition.
Proprietary control centre means a continually supervised station under the
con-trol of the owner or others interested in the building or buildings to be pro-tected that conforms with Class A proprietary signalling systems in NFPA 72D-1973, "Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary Pro-tective Signaling Systems for Guard, Fire Alarm and Supervisory Service."
Public building (as applying to requirements for the design of buildings for
phys-ically handicapped persons) means a building to which the public is admitted, but does not include apartment buildings, houses, boarding houses or buildings of Group F major occupancy or buildings of Group D
major occupancy of a single tenancy.
Public corridor means a corridor that provides access to exit from individually
rented rooms, suites of rooms or dwelling units.
Range means a cooking appliance equipped with a cooking surface and I or
more ovens.
Repair garage (see garage, repair).
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Residential occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof
by persons for whom sleeping accommodation is provided but who are not harboured or detained to receive medical care or treatment or are not involuntarily detained.
Restaurant means any building or portion thereof where food is offered for sale
for immediate consumption therein, but does not include any building or portion thereof where drink or prepackaged food requiring no further preparation before consumption is offered for sale.
Return duct means a duct for conveying air from a space being heated,
venti-lated or conditioned back to the heating, ventilating or air-conditioning appliance.
Rock means that portion of the earth's crust which is consolidated, coherent
and relatively hard and is a naturally formed, solidly bonded, mass of mineral matter which cannot readily be broken by hand.
Sanitary drainage system means a drainage system that conducts sewage.
Separation, fire (see fire separation).
Service room means a room or space provided in a building to accommodate
building service equipment such as air-conditioning or heating appliances,
electrical services, pumps, compressors and incinerators.
Service space means space provided in a building to facilitate or conceal the
installation of building service facilities such as chutes, ducts, pipes, shafts or wires.
Service space, horizontal (see horizontal service space).
Service space, vertical (see vertical service space).
Service water heater means a device for heating water for plumbing services.
Service water heater, indirect means a service water heater that derives its heat
from a heating medium such as warm air, steam or hot water.
Service water heater, storage type means a service water heater with an integral
hot water storage tank.
Shallow foundation means a foundation unit which derives its support from soil
or rock located close to the lowest part of the building which it supports.
Smoke detector means a device for sensing the presence of visible or invisible
particles produced by combustion, and automatically initiating a signal indicating this condition.
Soil means that portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentary, or such that
some individual particles of a dried sample may be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay and organic matter.
Space heater means a space-heating appliance for heating the room or space
within which it is located, without the use of ducts.
Space-heating appliance means an appliance intended for the supplying of heat
to a room or space directly, such as a space heater, fireplace or unit heater,
or to rooms or spaces of a building through a heating system such as a central furnace or boiler.
Sprinklered (as applying to a building or part thereof) means that the building or
part thereof is equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers.
Stage means a space designed primarily for theatrical performances with
provi-sion for quick change scenery and overhead lighting, including environ-mental control for a wide range of lighting and sound effects and which is traditionally, but not necessarily, separated from the audience by a pros-cenium wall and curtain opening.
Storage garage (see garage, storage).
Storage-type service water heater
(see service water heater, storage type).
Storey means that portion of a building which is situated between the top of any
floor and the top of the floor next above it, and if there is no floor above it, that portion between the top of such floor and the ceiling above it.
