Distributions of fallout from medium size thermonuclear detonations in model wind fields

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bmn ewoed a people adnation tCs evWy portian Ot tin eartnea ot the ear. 11=h 4isom ton dcbaevast onts 4 thouaht aet am e itae the problems at allot* ad rcioactiv cntenItion tvm Sa* f

ctions. We the

wave

reSObly Well eContfl le in a OCIeaM ittt e(xpea OU the Othaer ha4 the t ng ad delopmat of * ow, .ew btbs cam'! ark s are na-tively poorly controlted e p g rtn ,ts and are tao tt caftainly, a

cause for alwc, Ih*o the any ad extonsiv ptae of veeareh on thn

extnt aid Offect of radioactive fallout that haft been done a"

eatann-ly jeatitted4 404 0""9ssayo

The dtonatiol tmay be eteotLee as r hurnts, inrfc* bWlt*

wideroits, and sea Wrarts. ft this paper, only the st"n

burat w ill be craidfrm mcan ulea na, oofts oaun, a large

ancmt iof eneary to rapi4ly rveal s d Of th a nlasd ainr about SS%

tL heat adc 15% Us ntUcIrO radiatifon. the westar rad0atIon tO 4at SS

initial radiation eonaisti* Mnanly of gan ray ad the tg 10%

rnwidual radiation. thi beat eovad iivtial radiation ame n ifn2atd

at the time of the fttontir, while the residtal radi ti(A L disparsed

s the atao peg the atfcts of resldal radation ay be tlt hours after the detonatmO and at large distens** trn the position ot the biut.

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vatr. 'Ta tin nel the ton"U tuat 41 pw)atteU4 nm priLitt a dttrtbtto ortaLaate At tbon aOU Matr of the v~ will got lead to Sorioa atW 40 1* w~l valtc ea thn

v~mttvtty ditiaUttm as be In m a a p14 at 340000WW

taO n"0e.ad the -49itore tbe10 Ttsad th*Il f MUf we app ela~y 9500 teatt 0O 100,000 tooat, natwtay.

tn*prin,4toQttstu, in $tx0$ a W*IUg l

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ta to tn omlq wos ssipned to the catrl aus, tis protftm was td over al stw to 1et the 0n diotributtmi,

t the sttwor U.S. rob data wids are given for 1000 toot i$tew.

wval in the rage %fws the onet to 10,00* teot; in 200 toot Oaw

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1000

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10,00 tnt, thn at 200* toot Iaterwt, tro 10,000 toot to 20,000

fet in t0 0e o tOf aoe eMlXI 4OW4t W4 tu %MA tbe dets e~ea to 73,000 fet, t e w tale wan we4

at

tir-sixtaee

loels

uri10

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ulg teVt, tos 20,sOM toot to 70000 toot, won aemto ,00*

loot tay4vtlss

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pla borsotsat ge

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aw'

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variatione A

In oder to Us.

a

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htaf*tUk dot

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tin varees

lwfty s

th4 tocgt

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statF

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to be

MattcLAnUy

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that adequddY

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)a tt was weas0ary tom

tin t

S

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gStrVa cseie uttwt or t n nasestt wn fta no

th=401 %waftms a tstua to e esp wasd w -01 1 -W

mad thon

t thusm

ta ial d dat IA this pa S petadm a tiA M I

1Cu-ot WasOMMOMMUNP Lo tbo 006M 0,l-W, Un orer to tocttatat*

the

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oft

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in

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he Impeo aft 0th *tmly to to investtgata M ttwsf nftolS e4

diatethettaa o t lttan 10 W as I & d I MW I e0a ttafs

ain a ad VttAd, and tin ttnats at stone * thin tiErAlaon. lb "wtt* thits, a hate 4d vae ooavatmfta n t aS m of

a coastaut $0) t WifAl For SeVIttty the c-ea4 09 a 600 z 400 OM

arItan

bove tbi $00 b tlowl a viUW distratmtin aZ fZod to V"00004

(S) wa as"do pit"* 3 was t akef t the bovn pubiatt. 0"a Sigg"uwas platt# tor winds of 20, W0, 60, ad ao umat ate thn 3S *

tent, so Sta lt ate veois obtavw by a wee b

adreetonaft

twnztn twae set b t00 300 Wb

-

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10 futlly "o tuntwa.

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te spe4 and direttka of the wie wu

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Us

trittio

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Sthat the win s bel w 3000 ft a tuat its et at tOo

ata

is

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t.

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lu the *otte akdtfl 4tea4tco. aepie the petab

awnuea 4Oft oi tunatcnt. ct ooputatLu ;on$ Ue %ad* 4At Ot1ow M

shaar ta ftrictla lavor La oz'4r to tlM4 Ow 4a t ot the vWa

0014 L4 tdsix layer on the tUlttmst 4"Ulw st e

The 30W0 toot tinde uove nlert so that a sstttcteat ma0hr of

esnttnv Idos covtrtq41-" a typkaltrio "*AlU

tLot* Ext t0#fl'ate Ustitu~es wold be avaUal,

b

the3

toot LaW*i di-strLboiO IAJ mx all, in fte mwinatta Cpf4

to~ the $X0 tb

aud

$4a h.4 M)0( SO oot wuai* A& am- l to tbs $0 ut* viw&. ta4"UW

120 kmts W"an0 sel-at.4 two Via4 49". *.U 1

Pot each wtu4 t.d

C

allot Mustratan

e

bae

r

face, sad for tevts aVen at the amnasvb*.

*a layn

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it Ga*S 540, 104-15, ad 15-20 thaund feet.

Zn

as

to

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t

tee,

tin

*"*-steWOUtest

ftematLons

"nn obtaa f

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24 4, ad 6

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nm4ete AU4 ret boE

as

A CoMlatSO at tb dtariatoU at aelov at a giva layw 1A

the

*

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rely banV the a Otral Shape as th 2 bOl

patton

expedby

Lactor o

* c$

r

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e

coeiarattes of the

uterl *"at

e 40*o

elo

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an *wotieOS

fl0octty

-04

se4 meompe oo"te*1 S)v

Is molts of te tit

toW

wdel wi*$ flades od that

a l

e radioattvity we distributed An

a0t4apt

1

a* a tow

stt deviatins in the 04000 toot

layer end

the

aWW 'en never greater them

tn

oil$*

anw

the

activity kwaved

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at

thee

dtstwibvSttms

ntG

41 b4

asume to be La a statt

1em 1%U puvwages of raoetIty

vePS planed agast Aacea for the 2 bow 4tertRioa toA

r

laears. m 4or pA reslts. or the 4 awl 6 bow ditrbuto

Ptte O

as

$

- 12 *

paraltl tea Te 4 and 6 trw aurv es wre thn nlttplit by a neaOL ing

fetor ttet was the ratto at the total pewee at radtoattvtty ix

the layW at feh ot te t" tatio of the tias .0aene (OW owa

how oetrn

wae

ta at 2 %our# div"Ma IPO "ae pnvw*n fn t"e lowe 4 4 bwns 406 sut,

pia by 4/2)v the rstefting aun wac tod to pdfat sach odwa

In

sehb

(flSgjn

"do "a"t

Lmte that wita

tb

wattplytja ta 2 hrar Camn ftr the ans s4 dtrbutbt*

by

41momloW "scale tostor, Whe location W t* pttewn *SW be OtAg

by

fth

vat

Lt statAo 1tsa elb alrWs saltE of oe tril seo, the maits

in 0als S stes wVta a natedr to the 1O *ad vIM ant

O-*a, *a9i

e valw t atiton pl*ated vs 41e

-

ta

he 4eUt.t

Inktas akj apposia~ peakette .r!Isr~~

Se 15,40 thoutaSd COOt lmr as f trt 0, 41

Wps.

,sot

WW Lavnifltoa. A a tcmp was nWtt* ot te% Sona t

t*1)

14t c4

A

wtndtt(g

7)nw e

tso

weapute prg

A

opsen

etwvS awar tb pantes having Lath velocitica Ian then 040 tI/n.,

~be a'g tiSens w h "44 in falls 4h"nut Pe l3-Z 1 th10 act

layer in 2 hours. Figure 8 clearly shows the results of this computa-tion: the skewness was artificially introduced by the computational

scheme used in the model (the stepwise continuomse wind field). Tae curves

-abn&4 tve b* pcolaU4am

to each aot, tha anaVes uswa attape at best flU teaWg the 44A

pWots, Sma sit (ipfgts 4) aWO bettewA Ao OOOM p9WtaniY be

4~se Of thsag

a

tzd flal*4 up1oy4 ad the

awing

of pawtios at pattoulr at

41

nAtt

at

lOatm

A*

ptt.

fa.1E of oai% thi typ of *mo4e. inat#na th oanlluAttoWe An

asso~etat the finl rests,

a* swum tadovtt distreabtiwn sysaonts tbe anu at

*alolt

that

IMdd Oter aS

af

t0a M ad Us centtn.

theken, 0t

aoe eava"is wt anl temble at the orwf.

An asrt t w m to alk Utab ttcaO .pnnswA" tor all

1aav tmap ue ttacos lO sptawltr the p dfor 1t0d1t

ahe

prnetcnw, tin y

awe taken at te o-ofa

te hero es of au-ty rs 4ta m i 4t ao

w

ksv

fby

41Am"

at tem

tas tar

*A

d

tins at time.

than t

bis

attn

m

b

tncldtug tho poittoa c will he atLpta by /2 sst io th tin. yv aus will bo wItplt*e4 WY twn faWcts

As

-to

a

,teullt 4

to.pattcl4la*#at

t-ltUtott

tie pawt4

amct0

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more rmodels. Apparently when winds are light, dispersion factors other than wind shear and differences in fall velocities become,;- important

Mst bn* ta A 3 bor

inn TAUtmn

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n

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in the vta below

2009W ft. btterplattm be~w the two stew bW IWtOnt.

4etw~i

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-

KCZZI

Geometry of initial cloud.

Grid Square

Wafer Size

Actual and assumed shape of 1 Mr wafers.

- 35

-Figure 1.

Figure 2.

hei t (10 ft) 56 40 36 32 28 24 20 181 I I I r I I Ir L

Figure 3. Mean wind speed vs height above 500 ab (Reference)(5))

-111

3

-2

1-. 10 20 30 miles

Figure 4. 'iypical curves of distribution of radioactivity

vs distance in a 5000 ft layer for a 10 Kr detonation.

Ordinates are % radioactivity in a 5x5 mile square,

2 hours

4 hours

6 hours

S0 20 30 miles

Figure 5, Normalized curves of radioactivity vs distanct

Typical curves for the distribution of radioactivity in the

15-20l03d ft layer for a 10 KT detonation.

38 -percent

radio-activity

height (10 ft) 20- 10-I I speeds 0 20 40 (knota) 0 20 40

Figure 7. Linearly continuous and stepwise continuous wind distributions. percent radioactivity 1.0 -Stepwise continuous 0.5 -0Linearly 0 I I I I _ 20 40 60 80

Figure 8. Distribution of radioactivity vs distance in the layer for stepwise and linearly continuous wind fields.

ft

-percent,

radio-50 100 150 miles

Fiure 9. Surface distribution of % radioactivity vs downwind distance

for 10 KT detonatLons for model wind f£elds 1-4. Units are percent of