STUDY OF ISLAMIC POTTERY BY MÖSSBAUER EFFECT

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STUDY OF ISLAMIC POTTERY BY MÖSSBAUER

EFFECT

N. Eissa, H. Sallam, S. Negm

To cite this version:

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE CoUoque C6, suppliment au no 12, Tome 37, Dtcembre 1976, page C6-873

STUDY OF ISLAMIC POTTERY BY MBSSBAUER EFFECT

N. A. EISSA, H. A. SALLAM and S. M. NEGM

Mossbauer Laboratory Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.

Resum&

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La technique de 1'Effet Mossbauer a et6 appliquee pour l'etude de potterie Islamique du Caire et Bagdad en differentes periodes 900-1 300 A.C. (Amayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid et SaljuQ).

Abstract. - The Mossbauer Effect (ME) technique was applied for studying Islamic pottery from Cairo and Bagdad in different periods 900-1 300 A.C. (Amayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid and Saljuq).

1. Introduction. - Extending our M E previous studies [l-51 on Ancient Egyptian pottery from different archaeological periods (3 200 B.C.-640 A.C.) and clays, it was decided in the present work to apply Mossbauer spectroscopy for studying pottery samples from the Islamic periods : Amayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid and SaIjuq (900-1 300 A.C.), since for this more recent pottery production there are no Mossbauer data.

2. Experimental procedure.

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Some pottery sherds which represent the previously mentioned Islamic periods were supplied by the Islamic Museum in Cairo and were classified into three groups. In the first group seven representative samples from the different periods were choosen and are labeled according to table I.

The museum numbers of the Islamic pottery samples froni different periods

Serial Museum No. Period

-- U

-

1

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Amayyad 2 Abbasid 3 K-15-11 M Fatimid 4 39 Unknown 5 14 Saljuq 6 K-14-15 - 7 23

Nearly all sherds were from the eating plates (Dishes), so that the comparison of the processes of manufacturing can be precise. In the second group two Abbasid sherds are choosen, one sherd was found in Cairo and the other was found in Bagdad. The third group contains seven samples which represent some different usage of pottery like eating plates, pots for drinking, etc. pottery used for illumination purposes and that for war purposes.

V e l o c i t y ( m m Is )

FIG. 1.

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The ME spectra of the Islamic samples from diffe-

rent periods. Spectrum (1) of Amayyad sample, (2) Abassid,

(3) Fatimid, (4) Unknown (S), Saljuq no 14, (6) Saljuq no K-14-

15 and (7) Saljuq 23.

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EISSA N. A., SALLAM H. A. AND NEGM S. M.

TABLE IIa

ME parameters of Islamic pottery sherds from dzferent periods

Sample No. Period -

-

1 Amayyd in Cairo 2 Abbsid in Cairo 3 Fatimid 4 Saljuq 5 Unknown 6 Saljuq 7 Saljuq

Non magnetic component Fe3 I. S. Line width mm/s mm/s - 0.70 0.24 0.88 0.54 0.44 0.72 0.21 0.40 0.891 0.50 0.40 0.810 0.70 0.42 0.740 0.42 0.32 0.93 0.72 0.32 0.800 Magnetic Q. S. mmls component I.S. L . W . mm/s mm/s 0.40 1.17 0.37 0.675 0.49 0.570 0.50 0.690 0.43 0.570 0.20 0.720

Error in velocity scale = 5 0.08 mm/% Error in H = l0 kOe.

I. S. relative to Fe metal.

xro3 The ME absorbers were prepared from

200 mgl4.5 cm2 of poly powder of the pottery samples.

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The ME spectra of all samples were measured at room

temperature using a constant acceleration driving system coupled to a 256 multichannel analyser. The source used was 50 mC.CoS7 in Cr matrix.

bB4-

4 9 2 . 3. Results and discussion. - Figure 1 shows the ME

490, spectra of the samples of the first group. All samples

488.

2

except that for Abbasid period showed a magnetic

component whose magnetic field lies in the range between 490 and 525 kOe as presented in table IIa. This field may be due to the presence of one of the

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iron oxides a-Fe203, y-Fe203 or Fe,O, in the initial clay from which the pottery was manufactured 141.

The spectra of all samples showed also a main non-

'

magnetic ferric component which constituted a high percentage of the total iron present. It should be noted also that there is no ferrous components in any of the

477. samples.

47 5

5

The ME spectrum for a sample from the Abbasid

period from Bagdad showed nearly the same spectrum as that obtained for the sample of the same period from Cairo (Fig. 3). Each spectrum contains only a para-

15 4-

6

magnetic ferric component (Table 111). 452.

It can be also suggested that the samples which

450. _{represent Abbasid period could have been made for a}

special purpose rather than eating plates and that the manufacturing process was correlated with the purpose

418- _{for which the pots were made. To decide this, samples}

416- _{of Islamic pottery which was made for different usuage}

11b-

7

were studied.

412. 41 @ 408-

406- FIG. 2. -The ME spectra of pottery samples manufactured

604- _I _. _. _I _. _. for different purposes. (1) for eating plate (dish), (2) oil storage

for buring bombs, (3) eating plate, (4) part of a pot vessel,

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Sample No.

1

Quantitative analysis of the data of Islamic pottery sherds from difSerent period

Period - Amayyad in Cairo Abbasid in Cairo Fatimid Unknown Saljuq Saljuq Saljuq Fe3

'

Re1 intensity - 0.076 0.120 0.860 0.810 0.070 0.074 0.740 Re1 area - 0.059 0.864 0.760 0.610 0.050 0.044 0.592 Magnetic component Re1 Re1 intensity area

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0.210 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.360 0.486 0.362 0.485 0.050 0.076 0.070 0.080 0.288 0.414 Magnetic total - 0.37 0.00 0.38 0.44 0.832 0.650 0.410 Estimated eror

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5 %.

Figure 2 shows the ME spectra of the third group of samples manufactured for different purposes. The ME parameters (Table IV) showed that there are many differences in the state and nature of the iron in the

pottery samples used for different purposes. For

i

-lo -8 - 6 - L - 2 0 2 L 6 8 10

example the pottery used for eating plates contains V e l o c ~ t y ( m m l s )

magnetic component characteristic of a-Fe203 beside _FIG._3._-The _{ME spectra of two Abassid samples. A from}

the normal paramagnetic ferric component in silicates. Cairo and B from Bagdad.

TABLE 111 The values of the ME parameters indicate that this pottery was made from Nile clay [2,4].

ME parameters of two samples

The ME parameters of Islamic pottery sherds used for dzfferent purposes of the Abbasid period

Non magnetic component

Sample Q. S. I. S. Line width

No. Period mm/s mm/s mm/s - - - - I 1 Abbasid in Cairo 0.54 0.44 0.72 U 2 Abbasid in Bagdad 0.80 0.48 0.88 C 7 0 Sample Q. S. No. Purpose mm/s -

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- 1 Palte (dish) 0.64

2 Oil storge for burning 0.64

bombs

3 Plate (dish) 0.648

4 Part of a pot vessel 0.72

5 Oil container for ligh- 0.68

ting

6 Oil container for ligh- 0.60

ting

7 Filters from necks of 0.64

juge

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EISSA N. A., SALLAM H. A. AND NEGM S. M.

References [l] EISSA, N. A., SALLAM, H. A. and KESZTHELYI, L., Acta

Phys. Hung. 34 (1973) 337.

[2] EISSA, N. A., SALLAM, H. A. and KESZTHELYI, L., PYOC. of Con$ on the Application of Mossbauer Effect, Bra- tislava, 1973.

[3] EISSA, N. A., SALLAM, H. A. SALEH, S. A., TAIEL, F. M. and KESZTHELYI, L., Recent Advances in Science and Tech- nology of Material, (Plenum Press. New York and London) 1974, vol. 3, p. 85).

[4] SALLAM, H. A., Ph. D. Thesis, Science departments, Isla- mic College for Women, Al. Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt (1974).

[5] Erss~, N. A., SALLAM, H. A. and KESZTHELYI, L., J. Phy- sique Colloq. 35 (1974). 6-569.

[6] DE COSTER, M., POLLAK, H. and AMELINCK, S., Phys. Stat. Sol. 3 (1963) 283.