الجذور التاريخية و الإيديولوجية للحركة الإسلامية في الجزائر

Texte intégral

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) $ %&# ! !" '

(5) "( ) *%*+ ) , - .

(6) /

(7) "( ' %& @@..........................................................@:0% & :%% & . ....................................................@. " 3 4 5. - !67+ ,

(8) /

(9) " ' - ) 8,9 9: 0 ! ! 7 :?73 = >:<. :;$ 9'<. B7 9! 9.A. 97 @$. :&

(10) >> >> >> $>> %& #>>>>>> >> >> >! !". (>> >> >>> >>> >> >> >>> >%). 6- CD 9.A #. J>> >$7 #G' HI - !". ( ! - !). B7 9! 9.A #. L>> >>> >>> '#4! >>> >>">>> L !". (& ! K').

(11) ' 9 ! 9.A #. #M NL J7 NL !". (& ! K'). *

(12) ! : .9 #. >>>$>> %& #>>>>>> >> >> >! !". (& ! K'). !9

(13) IA .9 #. L>> >> >> > '#4! >>>> >">>> L !". (& ! K'). ) @L O ' .9 #. 2010#2009. :! %.

(14) ‫]‪< <ð]‚âý‬‬ ‫‪" #$‬א! א א א א

(15) א א ‬ ‫א*( אכ&א( "א'&‪%‬‬. ‫‪34 5 #$‬א ‪& 2‬א‪ 1‬א*א‪ 0‬א‪" +-/‬א‪" .‬א‪+,-‬‬ ‫‪ # 6‬א‪4‬א‪" 0‬א< ;‪" 94 :‬א‪" 68 (1&-‬א>‪3‬א=& "‪/B "9‬א‪ #?@ (A‬א‬ ‫א ‬ ‫‪ #$‬א א ‪ #$‬א‪C6D5‬א‬ ‫‪ #$‬א‪ GF‬א א‪ DF‬א א‪/EF‬א ‪

(16) ,‬א א א‪+,-‬‬ ‫‪ HD #$‬א‪-‬א? א‪C‬א‪ 4&1‬א‪

(17) 6,‬‬. ‫<<‬ ‫‪ #$‬אא*‪- @ K‬א‪4 ( * J‬א‪&I‬‬ ‫א‪,6@" L436‬א‪ 0‬א‪L4&6‬‬ ‫<<‬ ‫‪ #$‬כ‪ M 5N +‬א א‪+,-‬‬ ‫א א& ‪ -‬‬ ‫א‪ ,1 6D‬א‪@$ P‬א א& א( ‪ : 4‬א‪&,

(18) 4 07 *F‬‬. ‫‪2009‬‬.

(19) ‫ ‪< <†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó‬‬ ‫"‪+I‬‬ ‫א‪ A" 2U‬אכ‪ +,6‬א‪" T‬א ‪ R

(20) 4 5 QA #?@ S 6‬א‪1 QI 64 2 5$ &,‬א'כ& ‪3@ PV‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫@?‪Q6,-91 Q 4" Q G #‬‬ ‫?כ א‪4 ,‬א ‪" X‬כ א'כ&‪.‬‬ ‫כ‪,‬א ‪ [ ZQI G 2 5$ 9-

(21) 4 5‬א

(22) א‪- #, ]1Z(D‬א‪ D‬א‪4\" &4 6‬א‪ 0‬א'כ& "א‪&-‬א‪2‬‬ ‫‪6 F‬א_‪ M‬אכ&‪ 4‬א‪6 F‬א_ אכ‪/ ? 6‬א‪1 Q?^/G #?@ M‬א<&א‪ #?@ %‬א א‪ +,-‬‬ ‫"@?‪ [3/G" Q->'G #‬אא=‪" ,‬א‪,D" 4‬א ‪4‬כ א א‪ +,-‬כ‪.+,6‬‬ ‫כ‪,‬א ‪ #

(23) D 5‬א א‪ ,‬א‪ QI G :‬א'כ& כ‪ +‬א‪ A 4‬א ‪ 4‬א‪-1 " 4&A 2 -‬‬ ‫<‪>D‬א` א א‪1 9 aB" T‬אכ&‪:‬‬ ‫א‪6 F‬א_ אכ‪,@ 6‬א א א‪6 F‬א_ @ א א‪ c ,* X‬א‪6 F‬א_ אכ‪& 6‬א `@‪,‬‬ ‫א‪ M‬כא‪ c

(24) &A ." 2‬א‪"" J e ,‬א‪ #?@ %&" d‬א א‪ +,-‬א‪6 F‬א_ ‪,I‬א‪.‬‬ ‫א‪ f,- 4‬א‪6 F‬א_ אכ‪

(25) * 6‬כא‪ G‬א‪ M‬א ‪^6‬א‪ 9‬כ‪" Q6‬א‪ D‬אכ‪@ &K‬‬ ‫א‪ J e ,‬א‪6 F‬א_ א ‪" g h&1‬אכ‪&1 #/ C 6‬א‪ ,‬א‪,-9,4 4‬א ‪ -1‬א' (‬ ‫"א‪

(26) ,‬א( ‪ 64 2‬א‪," - ;E‬א א‪" &>,‬אא‪ D‬כ‪&K‬א‪ .‬אכ‪,@ 6‬א

(27) א‪i‬‬ ‫א‪ c

(28) &A M‬א‪I G :A" J"&',‬א‪->'G" QG‬א‪.: 4 ." 9 QG‬‬ ‫‪ 4E" B‬א‪6 F‬א_ @ א&`א‪ `"& -?1 j‬א‪ M‬א ‪ G;* 9‬א‪- '>G" c4-‬‬ ‫"@‪K‬א א

(29) ‪ #$ &/‬א‪-‬א‪& (9 9

(30) A" (,E‬א‪&I< c4@ 0‬א ‪ k-1‬א? אא‪" 0‬א‪ ,‬א‪" 0;1‬‬ ‫‪4‬כ ‪

(31) M]1 ?@ +H4‬א@‪ M]1" c‬כ‪6‬א‪*&G" Q?* [>4 X‬א‪.@ e . * Q‬‬ ‫כ‪ +‬א‪ ;3‬א‪ F‬א‪ ?@

(32) A cG‬א‪,6I5‬א‪>1 J‬א‪ L (-‬א‪D 4‬א‪ 'A‬א ‪ -‬א‪J e ,‬‬ ‫" `""‪,1 D‬א ‪ :/4‬א‪ F‬א‪& D cG‬א‪,I D‬א‪,@ &, .‬א א‪ M 9‬א>‪ -,‬א‪.M 9‬‬ ‫""‪e , M‬א "‪B‬א א‪ -G 4‬א ‪ -‬כ‪&K‬א "א‪6A" 9 - 6A‬א ‪9,l‬א‬ ‫`"‪6I‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ #$ m?IF‬כ‪-1 6‬א @‪.9‬‬. ‫ &‪ G‬אכ&‪ c‬א‪ (*& &o69G 6‬א‪.n4 66‬‬ ‫‪ #$‬כ‪1 . A 5N +‬אכ א‪ P‬כ "‪I‬א`אכ @‪ 9‬כ‪.&B +‬‬ ‫א א& ‪ -‬‬.

(33) ’Af«G PAj∏rM 01 ............................................................................................. ....... 08 ..................................................................................... PBÕÃNA pj»Ø -. æB∏qfiAÀ æÀAfÜA pj»Ø -. 10 ............................................................................................................................ ........ “øf¥ø -. œV»ƒùA oŒmDNªA :“mAifªA ™ÃyÃø :æÀfiA Ωv∞ªA 25 .......................................................................................................... .

(34) 1 31 ............................................................................................................. 2 31 .......................................................................................................... 3 32 ............................................................................ 4 33 ....................................................................................................... . ! 5 35 ........................................................................................................... " 6 35 ................................................................................. #$%& '( 1.6 35 ................................................................................... . ) * '( 2.6 36 ........................................................................................................ +, - 7 36 .................................................................................................. . / 8 37 ............................................................................................ 0

(35) , 123 9. j§ƒªA πªBnøÀ iÃvNªA PBßkBƒø :“Œø›m‚A “∑jáA :œ√BRªA Ωv∞ªA 62 ......................................................................................................................... 63 ................................................................................. . :

(36) 1. 65 ............................................................... 7(. 8+9: ;"( 56- 1.1 70 ............................................................ < 7( = 7( =3 >7( 2.1 77 .................................................................................................. ?@ 3.1 78 ....................................................................... AB/ " C+ 1.3.1 79 ........................................................................ AD. 4. "B C+ 2.3.1 84 ............................................................................ 7( E$F > ! # 4.1.

(37) GH/ I& C+ J 7( E$F > ! $-1K L !<$+ 1.4.1 91 ........................................................................... M*F. E$F 92 .. 3 E$F C+ J 7( E$F > ! $-1K L !<$+ 2.4.1 >N ! :N ONK GH/ I& C+ PQK L !<$+ 3.4.1 93 ......................................................................... 7( 96 ................................................................. 96 ................................................... 7(. E$F. ! "#$%& ! '" ( : 2. E$F RD97 <S3!K T 1.2. 97 ......................................... 2Q:. U6 <$H9 P@ T 1.1.2 99 ................................................................. +V : T 2.1.2 102 ....................................................... WX $VX + T 3.1.2 103 .................................... 7( E$F RD97 ([*W) Y$ <S3!K 21 2.2 103 ............................................................................. #1D. H/, 1.2.2 107 .......................................................................... 3 H/, 2.2.2 107 ............................................ 1924 > " 7( _7X" ]1 $" # $+ `* 110 .................................................. 1979 > 9$<: 5D -9 111 ................................................................ 2$+ <+

(38) T

(39) _ 112 .............................................................. a<6 $

(40) P 108 ....................................................... 1967. 113 .....................3. cd # : ;$

(41) ='$1` b 115 ............................................................. U-B3 H/, 3.2.2 116 ..................................................../<, e !<$ fg 5$h 117 ................................................................. IW:. iI 118 .................................. jI +, OIk lW # m 9: R_n 39 125 .................................................................................... 133 ............................................................................... +

(42) , &. ! ) * 3. - #., 4. 135 .......................................................................................... YoE 136 ............................................................... Q/. !/-K 1.4. d p/-K 1.1.4 136 ...................................................................... ! 3 $

(43) , 137 .................................................................... U$6. $

(44) , .

(45) 138 .................................................... T

(46) . q`( ;"( $

(47) . 138 ............................................ U$ !. f7?( r6- $

(48) 139 .......................................................................... Y$ !/-K 2.1.4 140 ......................................................................................... Y$%? !/-K 2.4. 141 ................................................... +!. $st u J p/- 1.2.4 141 ............................................................< 1 H_v w 141 ..................................... $ < , E$F I& 141 ............................................................'

(49) 9 $DE@ I& 141 ............................................................. ]

(50) /. / +K p/- 2.2.4 142 ........................................................... IH/ / +K p/- 3.2.4 143 ......................................................... @ +V +K p/- 4.2.4 145 ...................................................................................................................... ?7. . œëiBM Ωafø :æ›¥Nm‹A ΩJ≥ –j÷AlÜA ©¿N>A :SªBRªA Ωv∞ªA 147 ......................................................................................................................... 148 ........................................................................................................ . 4. /0# 1. 149 ............................................................................ $[*Q . qID+ G F ;xy 1.1 149 .................................. 5W, z$ 3 3t, J ;{1 1.1.1 149 .................................................................. b$ |$K@ $' 2.1.1 149 ........................................ V < 1 * "Py I[1 }~/ GV 2.1 150 ................................................................................. T<2. Uy >H9 ;

(51) 9y 3.1. 151 ..................................................................................... ) *1 &. 23 451 /0# 2. 152 ............................................................................................... @. *9 1.2. 152 ................................................................................... I&. , !K 2.2 153 ................................................................. IW: / !K 1.2.2 153 ..................................................................... #$%` g: 2.2.2 154 .........................................5$Q fg 5$h P$2 V

(52) 9 3.2.2 155 ......................................................................./9@. j9B B$+ S16 3.2 155 ..................................................................... }W F + # c7( 4.2 155 .......................................................... }[${ $_ # 6W( 1.4.2.

(53) 156 ........................................................................ UW(. /Q 2.4.2. 157 ................................................................................................. 6 &. (7 /0# 3. 158 ................................................. B@. 3t, _1D IW: !h ;xy 1.3 159 .................................................................. I + H/, x 1.1.3. 160 ............................................... 7(. +, 5+ E K 2.1.3 160 .................................................... IW: T_ H/ K 3.1.3 161 ................................................................ 7( ;{1 3t iI 2.3 161 ......................................................................... <* . 2( !h 1<y 3.3 164 ....................................................... l2 j<$[*& T 7( < 5$? 4.3 165 ............................................................ /< +W$, J ;{1 1.4.3 166 ...................................................... /< 5F # U$31 T 2.4.3 166 ..................................................................... 2$+. % +y 3.4.3 167 ............................................. >+ OId # B7@ a< sy 4.4.3 167 ..................................................................63, O2V $!2 v }<$%K 5.3 168 ..........................................................................................39$!. S-/ 6.3. 169 .................................................................................... 3/ 1.6.3 170 .................................................................................... , 2.6.3 173 ............................................................................. 319:. g OQ

(54) K 7.3. 174 ..........................................................................U$-/+. T-! 1.7.3 174 ......................................................................... 2$% y 2.7.3 175 ....................................................................... /Q 2 r_ 3.7.3 175 ............................................................... < =>1 &. & (? = :28 9: /; 4. 178 ..................................................................... _@. E$ :F ~/ 1.4 181 ................................................................. _@ E$ :"7?( ~/ 2.4 191 ............................................................................................. /' ~/ 3.4 193 ........................... +@? &. A"& &B C2" D1 E $% / 8 F% DG( & H A"#7 5. 193 .............................................................. }D,. }B/, :<& c{/ 1.5 195 ............................................................................ W<<@ {1 5D 2.5 203 ...................................................................................................................... ?7. .

(55) Ω∏rNªA PB≥BŒmÀ ,—DrƒªA PBuB«iG :“Õj÷AlÜA “Œø›m‚A “∑jáA :©IAjªA Ωv∞ªA 205 ......................................................................................................................... 206 ...................................................... 8 9:. 4. %I# & J & K 7L.1 M" K 1. 207 ................................................................. V 3. J $- 51

(56) 1.1. 212 ...................................................................... W<<@. :

(57) 2.1 213 .................................................................. 1963 # 5;$B 1.2.1 214 ........................................................... 1964 $[*& RD # 5;$B 2.2.1 216 ....................... q,. T<g !{ /' Yo X W 3.1 220 ....................................................................... 5<& # >7( OB 4.1. 226 ............................................................ . 0" D N&' ! O P" & ' Q' RB E $. 2. 226 ............................. mQ":. jsK y ]

(58) / / "7?( 1.2 234 ................................................ 7( TI+ 5

(59) 9 <2 7( G1 +w 2.2. 247 ................ H L% ' S ! #%& CTU ! " 1 :Q#' 2" #P E $. 3. 249 ................................................................................W<<@. : 1.3. RD # 5;$B 1.1.3 252 .................................................................. 1976 # 5;$B 2.1.3 254 ........................ (/- 5D * 5D) IW: <-B: : 2.3 250 .................................................................... 1976. (_1D 5D) _1D : 3.3 256 ....................... )< G F H/ # >7( OB )< T + 5<& <$ 4.3 255 ................................................................... 261 ............................................................ V J%. !1 W& XLD ! 0"B : 4. 262 ......................................................... /Q. + : 7( E$F 1.4 262 ............................................................................. _1D 3, 1.1.4 264 .................................. U% $- =<% 3, 271 ................................................................. /< 3, 276 ..................................................................... W<<@. 3, 2.1.4 280 ...........................................................TI+ ]

(60) / :k : 7( E$F 2.4 281 .................................................................................... W3, 1.2.4 286 ............................................. <2$. I + ;{! + & 2.2.4. 289 ........................................................... J &. AYJ% > :8 9: 5.

(61) 293 ...................................................................... "7?(. >7( E ; # 1.5. 295 ......................................................... + &. AV TI+ h A9 2 2.5 299 ...................................... <*E$, + & Q3 K A9 2 1.2.5 302 .......................................... 7( $ ! J $+ J1 GH/K 2.2.5 304 ....................................................... 7(. $+ GH/K 3.2.5 307 . $[*& # IH/ E$F u, 5

(62) 9 <2 =E$F U$ ! >319: O 3.5 312 ......................................................................................................................... ?7. LAJ≥‹A eÀfY ,“ŒnŒ÷jªA PBßB¿ÜA :“Õj÷AlÜA “Œø›m‚A “∑jáA :oøBàA Ωv∞ªA ∂AJØ‹AÀ 314 ............................................................................................................................ . 4. Z Z'= ZY ( 2" [ \ %L &B A"B9: ) ] &B LG = ) ] 1 315 ....................................................................................................... 8 9: ' 305 ............................................................. . . 5

(63) / :U{F ;/ w 1.1. 320 .................................................. 3t,. 5/ [- +2 5$

(64) I3 2.1 326 .... mI/E 2$QE ( =jI 3, (2 B7+ U{F ;/ w 3.1 330 ....................................................... v JV+,2 B7+ U{F ;/ w 4.1 332 .................................................... < 340 .................................. ^#_. 1 - U{F ;/ w 5.1. ^ # & ^#? D ^ # &B C` # a% ! b ! 2. 340 ...................................................... $[*&. M$+ $%,2 ( E$" B7 1.2. 342 .......................................................jI 3, (2 344 ........................................... ^#_. B7+ q7K T{! 2.2. ^ # &B Cc d * ) ] &B C KJ ) ] 3. 345 ................................................... 2{,. <$ 5

(65) / $h # 1.3 349 .................................................. 3t, 5/ [- +2 5$

(66) I3 2.3 351 ............................................................ jI 3, (2. B7+ R$

(67) w 3.3 354 ................................................................. v JV+,2 B7+ R$

(68) w 4.3 355 .............................................................. < 1 - R$

(69) w 5.3 360 ........................................ ^#? D. ^ # &B h %i j#k ) ] &B C(AL ) e# ) ] 4. 361 ............................................................... . 5

(70) / :f/e ! w 1.4 367 .................................................. 3t, 5/ [- +2 5$

(71) I3 2.4.

(72) 369 .................................................. jI 3, (2 373 ....................... v. B7+ "f/e ! w" 3.4. JV+,2 B7+ =< 1 - :"f/e ! w" 4.4. 378 ...................................................................................................................... ?7. . œUÃªÃÕfÕfiA XBN√‚A ≈ø XgBò :“Õj÷AlÜA “Œø›m‚A “∑jáA :peBnªA Ωv∞ªA 380 ............................................................................................................................ . 4. 381 ..................................... $[*&. # 7( E$6 W<<@ m9( c" H"7 1 386 ..................... $[*& # 7( E$6 W<<@ VX # :6 +2 J $st 2 389 ..................................................... $[*&. # 7( E$6 W<<@ m9( m 3 389 ............................................................

(73) }9& : 7( }< k 1.3 389 ..................."Humanisme Musulman" " 7( }< " k E < 2.3 390 ............................................................... I I p? 1.2.3 390 ................................................................................. T 6. _ 390 ........................................................................... T 6 5" 393 ................................. [-"y cW # I .[/ $ m 398 ................................. G1. +w p6? # "$V, , m 2.2.3 406 ............................................ <$ ! lK y +2 # 5;$B :qV pV 3.3 406 ...................................................................... j2

(74) }9& 1.3.3 407 .............................................. j2 # "$V, , m 2.3.3 419 ...................................................................................................................... ?7 420 ..................................................................................................................................... 429 ..................................................................................................... “óBa -. ©UAjùAÀ ieBvùA pj»Ø -. 449 ................................................................................................................... 450 ........................................... . µY›ùA pj»Ø -. j÷AlÜA ü “Œø›m‚A “∑jáA ¬›ßC ejnø µZºø -. 464 ..................................................................... iÃvªAÀ PB¥ØjùAÀ µ÷BQÃªA µZºø -. 477 ................................................................................................................. “mAifªA wbºø -.

(75) @@. @@. >> >@@!>> >!. 11.

(76) !3 ! I + >I: }- ck "3 T%s 3e +2 /< 5$H }32 =< =l( $

(77) 2 L !3 ! _@ <$H/ "$V T

(78) _ +_ =$?+, 86 9E I/2 =939( $[- 5B J 51 " q39( T1+ G + # 1 ls 5$! # "79 =< 1 J /o <$1K E W /3 /3IX # 9, IW: ;{! J )< W EK y gK 2 # <$ # <& 86 /$. .(1)<W u1, 5 J =l E # "$V SD _ qn I , 9, c" E y cD P$2 T+ =U$

(79) T13, b? O/? # )< JV+, {" Y$@ PoK _$

(80) : .(2) *" )< + l_ T%

(81) < U {F >? c" q%// f$V J SD K T2 = G3 9$- OVK L *, G b B < e g y +2 2$% +Id {" # 3!9 5$?+, 5{F G" < - $H. Q A* A3#) 6< <SD OI39 /6? £" =39¢ <, $H9 # 5S@ ¡ b .(*)Q ^5 &B h& ^5 ^# l ^( 2 $< =(Religiosité) Q & (Religion). <x / " c1< }E / TE TW ¡97 5SD ! 2 (< W3e) [/ o B <x # =z" 5-2 < ¤ l712 $!h l9E < 3 *" 9D ,+ $F #i n(& o[ pb#. q T Q ^ ...j3[$ ¡ $</ $- !7_ o ,' V, =0 ? Q 7 1 F$ 1&...OId GH/ G IE +< l9 a¥ O r &B 8 D A8 >H9 < j2 - 9E..._1D }3¥ / @ _ /K S%K...: s ¦...>+ J6/, 5SD x j!1D, T , T ;I + E 5-2 >-!9 y J$K j3 / ' K /<, / E $ !9 ¡o+K 9E ;": ..W 3/ 3t, <+ _ = 1 =uD /; Q ="$n" $ B :# ="!1s Ct ? C+ ; :6 - *1 S)" = $ B (1) .30 =(2000 =2$+ 5" *E$ :S2) =2 ] " c" )' J1 , ="939y 5${E {F " ¨ ©..c 72 +s ={F >? =§< <x" =+ $V (2) .2/~, W2 + W =R1F E =3 > + G3B =2005 U 16/17 {F. ªNF $N1 # <@ 2 c1 y 971+ !3 ! J Et_ <@ T13 + pB S< 39$_ W T1/< (*). ;{N19 NI« t/ y B G $¬ + } I/2 =, / ;s@ ! ® <. _ <12 $k c"@ 3" # % ,+ Y3, J $+, V2 + ¯ @ Peter Berger U S@ # T1/< =9I + 971+ 5 }32 <@ iI "$1 # + *I U O2V /I + *9" : y l_ U <@ IW G # ® (conclut que la théorie de sécularisation s’est trompée et annonce rien moins que la désécularisation du monde ». :7' <*, $H9. Jean-François Mayer. <Religions, spiritualités et sociétés au XXIe siècle: perspectives pour la sécurité à l’horizon 2025 [17-10-2002] >, disponible sur: <http ://www.religioscope.com/info/article/014_2025_1.htm>.. 12.

(82) $h +B B ...D<F OId GB J :1 p K # W ...9I + y 2° =x`y ...l 2 } 1/< 2 U J+3, ... 7( + # T2 =(93Ko) °( + # ± y y =<9 G1 O p y < : <W )< V < 2 1_ =1975 > " # ...² +2: y

(83) _ *+< E s_ " P y < ...B OId GH/K ;Vy ! " [> y7DL. (z C F A"#D? y{& .# D' (*)% AJ) av w% AP $ pwP !wx. .(1)" P#} T# Q L 7 (7 FOB |x. 9I{ :+ J 11" L 2$% +Id # ; 'B <$

(84) B )< {6_ lK$' ;+ < ?9 L +Id +? J £" T2 =! ~, +Id +? J > =IW:. .(**)A 1 1: IW: 5F ck g 2$ (K! W2 ) < J cB( I 9 M$% + +? J +_ |7 : m9( OIk # M$% 39( ´$_ b L <F( !3 ! + <W <, .! lK{" l l11" S_ =& y 5+ e g "$ H1 K $ h 1_ 7( + +? J 3 I 9 ` L IW: $H P$2 "E 7( ;"( 56- 5$H2 $+< r? $[+

(85) I& <$! I, # =< y u/ + V1 5S 5+ # +B 9 GE =5 c-K: =/< *E$, W3, 5<P # =/< r? =l[ >7( <{1 $?/ j!1D, + <$ > U Tµ

(86) K ..., V, )< .(2) 7( +Id OB # I 62 }V<. 5F # {" < l %

(87) < ± Gb$ J l9 ¡97 _7 :y # {" ..3 IW: §< b? # {" =-~

(88) ;/2 Y3 # l +9 L 2$+ :y =Q ~) ) *1 tG A3 9 Q {< Gb$ J =OB T

(89) K. . 30 $DE 5$H / -!< l9_ e = pK / U. (*). =8¥@ $

(90) / '$B :oB) 1 ] =5$ S-9 w$K =7 ! . AO D? #O, ! Cc E# =TE TW (1) .109 =(1992 qD 2 /"< 2 ~s # D± I pE /2

(91) ]1 +2 ly n J T9 ` (**) /< E$F +2 P$2 }32 5SE } $+K x_

(92) j- =*_ i 512

(93) >H/ +, $I E$" .Falun Gong E$" TD )- OId + ! 0V1 + =${X mF + W 7( > + IW: > + E =;"( k :/K2 ="28 9: /; Q /5 &" =+ $V (2). .437 =(2004) = D 13.

(94) M$% ¡SH/2 M$+ D6 OB 9B y .(*) B M$+ RV/ # G , D6 cd 0 C+K + 2$% 5F s/ # < SK "3 Gb$ J +_ = V, Y3, /9 Q/ I , 2$% I + 2 GQ" :y 2$+ 5F s/ # ¡SK "3 y B 2$+ /K+Ik # 5$H J c%s: y I Y+< T2 =G SE +Ik # ,2 . 7(.

(95) K c? # (**) # --¦ 2$b D"2

(96) 9 1_ /< E$F2 +< I_ $ H4 +2 # (...<$ _ E$" > =_? E$" > =< < W E$" 9E ;) BD9 V

(97) 9

(98) 9 {< +K .3 >7( E$F G E = 13, :¶ # =+B q¬. Yo D6 I +W -® *E$ 3K = 86 *E$ Ik ?@ E$F2 2@ K # > l r V-< ?« =/< E$F J c%s: .< 7( S !K <W !6? È D"2 c" * 1 7D 1< /I_ 86 :1, SE _$+ ·P .9 =" 7( ?@ 5$h" JI3< S !K 5y % 2 5- 2 "lE 9" 9,@ D" Y"y ? 1_ 116 5D >B +2 1979 / / oE@ G31 ? / 604 _ 1990 1967 j2 9,@ j2 5

(99) /, <* °( % 2 ? L -I Y$ I[B ? x y _y =$<y # 7( .(1)¸9/ 1246 I{_ 1994 1988 +K 3 >7( E$¥ !, E P1 D' N' 7( M$+ RV/ # E$F ¡ +2 l s }32 G F $[ TB +Id ¡ # '

(100) 9 {" GQF = _ --¦ < j+ & j!1D, +2 TB 3 $17 >+ ¹ < $V. 8¥@ T[$ + & $

(101) / E$F O, /< 5$H2 G , M$+ I + m9( lD<" $+ # $+ jD" " $E (*) NIW: GN +2 -N

(102) N/,2 I[B IW: G + U/3 $

(103) 9 1983 > !_ =- # 59 "7< + & :7N' N<*, $H9..)< IW: G # 1_ }E 7 /2 E 9/ 725 ª" I c-K: !/ G W2$D9@ BN =uD /; Q =E I ="< IW G # H"7 /< 5$H IW: @" = G$2y " .49 =(2000 =2$+ 5" *E$ :S2) 9D +V =$n $ 9$2 = l! =b2 39$_ =TE TW = < T < =$ $E K =<P W =QIE $<$

(104) < =< 9$2 TD (**) .SDE GSb ...l<E l! =Ky :OB, J $_ .[2002 oI_9 27 ;+2@] =!< |2 mo E .I ( & |%D ' #O, :$H9. (1). .http://www.aljaseera.net 14.

(105) L 2@ ¸V32 ;*W :y + Y$< IE+< : l9 :y #$+, GE$ Gb .(*)" E ., } K P : E E$F2 +< I_ $ @ _ = I # 7( 5$H2 +< I_ E $ @ E y .GI+ +W$ y 9< $[*& # 7( PK , /K W<<@ <$ ! x _ 2 7( E$F T%s 1 11" I (...<n R$s /W 7y E$" =V R$s E$" =2% E$") #$%& }E B y <$[*& 7( E$F }E :y --~, *E$, jD" < /+ ' " # 9-K # +< K$EWQ/' J 5I, E$F Y$ 7y E$". ¡ SDE @ / ! +- J -X2 =(**) ¼ $ Sb 2E l <$ _ 3" W<< ! « 5$H $1K 5& +2 //D y2 =/" [1F # !6? $ 7y $<-K "@ +2 # K +K : =13 > " . 11" J p1< 5$H T # }-< 7 B =$n /" V+, +2 c < 3 P@ U$[*& OId o /+_ <$ ! , l

(106) < y c 2 ¡ +2 y $ H H =(***)}3 TW 2 y + Y , c 1992 / +2 / @ . lK$ H4 # 8F 5k TB@ J = 7( E$F t

(107) 2 5oX 8"@ J O V, .....S2* u$ =UPV I = $ B I =

(108)

(109) , G"$ =G$2y < + =!/" 3" :G /2 (*) cn *N<*+ N , 3t 2003 / I? (Catalogues bibliographiques) j_$b 2 j_

(110) E J - # 9$D (**) N # 7N( NE$F" :/< "_$b 2" 3 I $%,;{ 2 939( > + 7( + N # 7( +W$, 3 E$F pB 7 + j1[ j$ ! < 5IE S ."2%, c" j2$b $ j<$[*W 9( <* °( 39$! % 2 ? L 2 TE +&, J OI .3IX 2%, & L (..9 =:1 }E) -I c@ v - .2003 / y 1970 / / M$+ $%, c # 7( E$F N,2 -N $+

(111) Y$@ v -- I/2 =+Ik IX c # 7( E$F N 764 jN2 ...c1 E j2

(112) / 7I 481 $[*& # 7( E$F c" 5*Q/, _ = 2 TE }3¥ N }-N9 E

(113) / TI 350 J TIs 2$+ % 2 5- 2 -~_ ` 7 J .

(114) " :7' <*, $H9 .TI 143 $[*& # 7( E$F2 ?X Les Mouvements Islamistes au Maghreb (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Mauritanie, Libye) BIBLIOGRAPHIES –1.[ Consulté le: 14/03/2008]. disponible sur:. <http://bibmed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/synthese_biblio/latin/mouvement_lat.pdf>;. :{N< . :. <http://bibmed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/synthese_biblio/arabe/mouvement_ar.pdf>.. Id E J /+ ' 1 =PQ +2 J /_B /D¥ _$b /+w -2 e / Q L B!, . (***). N _ =$<N<y <n $1 =u$ 2 5$P 7D =8 9: A Y? : # :/+2 / 2 39$! w$ ? j<$[*& Nxy / c1< TB % 2 }E =(2002 =M! :S2) 1 ] =V UPb w$K ==<* w $2* 2 IF A) Q ¡N .z 8 9: % D 0#? A) 39$! % 2 ? l3!9 }<$% . 7( E$F J 6 L'islamisme. :$H9¨ ?@ }K }"? I_ =¨¨$

(115) # :y Y$@ 7D ;z@ $K <* w $2* 2 IF G2 5$, 15.

(116) -#0# 3 , E P1 -« #$+, -1

(117) B/ y /W y K G% E#D & " & - *1 S) Q3 ( )7> L &9)& C8 9: B+, w - # 869 ` /9_ =l_ 2 a6 ...28 9: : / =l_ -~ , # È@ I + a6 c P : " $E( O2' E$" '

(118) 9 J } b y

(119) 9 / $[*& # 7( E$F o L $H 1 $[*& # V 3 > P )' $<$6 W K / 1 % E 3 cd }32 =U$3 c{/ / S+2 l"z > =GEF >H/ <<F {1 }32 =2*F <"¬ I3" G" TE .< 2 U T"$ [$ G " 5$_ c7 -X2 =#1D IH/ 3 }+-< =c{/ TI+ # (<$3 U) 3, TD s/ 7( E$6 @ <9@ J .#D? #P& \

(120) SPB q ( ., l_ X J ,2 >I: <$< TE J K p ~ IH/ <$ ! P <$[*& 7( E$F <B >I > <$!K 2 >– lW2 GE$" §<K 2 # => lW2 U$ !

(121) # 2 2 WK [-_ =<$[*& 5$E ;*W T

(122) K 2 44? 2B ' HL A3 S 3 F

(123) & S ' ^# TQ3K 2 u3"( > " G / 3, /3< U$[*& OIQI $?+, §< ;*W 7 $ @ =9 I_ :y 5 s c1 E U J $D+9 9 : .§< <K 8"@ OW$, [_ 7( + M$+ R$

(124) , # 7( E$F a<6 ¤9 / 2 V, I + ! 2 , &+ jD" J T 3K L 5$D 2 5$_ 2

(125) :(*)y <$! OW$< , # -X2 = , U!

(126) $F S+ ck 3e a" "$, ?- UKE O2V $H9 = W<<@ VX @ X /1 +K L P $ O <$ 7I ... <3< 7y +, TI+ +W L c71: +2 IH9@ ªI

(127) ./ @ B F '

(128) / E$F / l V< N N<+ 2E - # ? IE =Algérien De la genèse au terrorisme, (Algérie: Chihab Edition, 2002). $KN_ 3 =(1992 =I F :$[*&) = O & G ' ^#8 9: ^# =s 5¾ : / $E9 j<$[*& j!6- Aissa. .(2000 =NI F :N/) =19991988 E P&B& o8 (> ^ ' K#z Q 8 9: = K I . ¾ :$sy =!6? .2 Sb Khelladi, Les islamistes Algériens face au pouvoir, (Algérie: editions Alfa, 1992).. N~, N2 NI :$H9 =3 # 7( E$FE 7( E$F +2 O }9& # $[*& # 7( E$F O'1K (*) ¡ +2 /1 B =(2002 =I F :/) 1 ] =$% & = 1 P z q C^ 3# =V1/

(129) =<$ +' =8 9: 2" [ \ %L ) ] ' ~) \ #0B =8b$2 }V :E E OW$< =52 6!- l/ _@ .169 . 16.

(130) .2 59+ J c{/ TI+ T{!K 2 12 G ¿K # $ s < j<$[*& +' # / I >+2 # 1 G+ /I T2 =j SDE s( ¡ o B j$ Sb I[ 9E j<$[*& J Et =§< ¬ [2 2 2 }<$1 + , !_ =j2¹ Q G ¿K G !B E j<$[*& J $n Et< .[ J H_v2 H G "! 3[$ T"$, J cK 2E < : _: |/ : 7D -1 " GI?. _1 =I +z $[*& ;I +2 l2 O4 3, J

(131) < .(1) c$/& S

(132) §

(133) E < 2 7 TB 9E Gx :y =B

(134) , G [$H/2 9B y = - # <2 2 IF §

(135) $Àµ T+ SDE GSb ...3 2 5¾ I$2(. . S3! +2 ="} pK cW$ p2 / %s" lB # I + G / SDE e y G /< K +' U$[*& 7( TI+ $ <$ ! c?@ 9 < +2 )1 I + G /< K G --¦ +' G ¥ ;:t J!¿ : =(2)/1 .G --¦ Sb # 9E y -X2 =0 c%s: 2 , =2 c" # =? '& )#? & \ ( & Fz J? ~) %L? A#) ' >I: E$F p1D IH/ ;/ W @ ;:t " < =T K *E$K 5 l VK .2 J 3< Á < U & |$K } < @ =TI+ E$F J x@ #J z (7 [ & d# ? & ^&? Q #r j2 B [/& 21+ J-B2 91 l >$ U U$3 TI+ $h #l J

(136) ~Â< .< 2 *+ # T + _ =>-X / @ 5* W@ U< E$F a<F_ =$[*& # 7( TI+ + FG & P9 g a<F + GQ" .";<$" # B /H TE =!/ = a<F )+< 2 <$" I "3 $_K =$H S%K Gb > y <SD T+W 3, T+ =2 SDE ly V!K I D G$E G s Ã1K TB@ J =GE$F §< IQÄ S+ # +B2 ${X [$ l +_ I D $E, 2E E$" 5 / V

(137) 9 a" $<$6 $" Uk I =I$2( }' ¾ =*9 =#E $E =5 cb J s lK$E .GSb ...M$" =(1985 =$

(138) N/ V a+ :$[*&) ;*W =1] =1830 L5 ? D FLP& & 8 9: 4

(139) =G1 2 <9 GB (1) .362 =2m :# J3 2 s 5 s :$H9 (2). François BURGAT, L'islamisme au Maghreb, La voix du Sud, Edition revue et augmentée, (France: Editions Payot et Rivages, 1995), p154.. 17.

(140) ¾ E$" ={ / E$") 7( E$F 7

(141) K + 3/2 O9, K +2 ;!9 Gb l $_K (99B I ! *" y B) 7

(142) ¡ G +9 /9_ (7D ª{/ ¿2 $+K V E - # *° B ...2E <$" $

(143) 9 9 y w # ¡S3!K +2 < .l_ z$ $H9 W o+K " *F >< X TE 5$s 3 K : £" ¿K ;s $

(144) 9 E$F ¡ O/4 L : K ª2 =(... "$, K # ? pB )K =/+ 3 K) O[B 8" l_ $< >-X ¡SD< ` ± =l I # }b$K : ± T 6 rK IE =: 5/I + "3, .3_/, O V $[*& lK s U U p/+ U$ 3+ 3 >V?: ; $DE + T+W 3 =j 7( 8F 5$H +9? SDE 639 ;! 5$Q 5_ =, $1 /+3 =<$[*& 7( E$F §<K p/ < p/E U I% 5<P # s G ` E T[ ¿K 8S }32 I+ (IH/ U$ !) ¿K SE }9W ;12 .(*)V HF 5

(145) / $h # D" l2 j+3< 8$K y c6<. ¡ # 7( E$6 §< 2 T+ G <$2 lW $n } (**)+ 86< 4 E a<" 7( E$F §<K a<F_ =$<v I¯ 2

(146) "$, T?!K P$2y _ ª2 ...+2 K l/K ¿K 8" ~s :W 327 J ;:t 3 J lK +9 K B =¬ l/ +_< $_¹ ` "$, ¡ # G0 1 + L E$F ;z@ +2 = I A+

(147) z$ <+- J 7( E$F T13 L {12 * S !K $' /B Sb B 7( E$6 @ T"$, # E I t3, | , # WK Y$ ;z IE =12 / P 5$_ # W@ 9 ¡ T13 5? J lB tK : §< 2 / a<F_ =OId 3t <$+K !

(148) E @ OB, ¡ j K =l<

(149) 5S@ <$

(150) + # 1F +2 ? E$F . 7( E$F $ H. NI6I_ =N<$[*& 7N( E$F K p ~, <1 $?/+ <+2 } $[*& # U $- _ J cDIE (*) =+3 I U{F ;/ K U1 T-" l3!9 ;

(151) =6 3, I& U< J Tb q( # SE U1E qI 2 =}63N9 JN! $W , 3/2 <' I[1 =- # 2 s |$< l9 :y +' 1<$V2 #K l9 Gb$_ f/e ! ${ Ä E Gx OI39 (...q =² W ² =~ W2 qQ I) 5F B J *< : < j<1 +2 £" .{1 ¡ c" 2 . 7( { / E$" J B " IP $ l+ 21 # / ¡P$2 I D 18. (**).

(152) }3N2 x@ /?$ I + 2 +2 /+Ik # 5SDE $h <{B 7

(153) |/ y 5 QZ + 9Z 1 8 9: 7HL ? D U& =U$[*& OId o L $H 3 Z ! -#0# D& = _ ] %/< : L $<v =(Les. Tabous). ! P#' G. N+ & y N / Y$@ IW: > + +2 l+ IW: G 1_ = F% > & ^ b VK$ 9 _ =z$ " L ? ¡ # <$[*& . / m$¦ 7 B =(1)(...87D D =I/) V 3 ¡ J1 < : <$[*& 7( E$F # a6 +W SbT + K TE r

(154) 2 < _$+< l_ a62 $ b < jD" +2 T+W =Y-1 l Gb >I: j2 " c*< : U$[*& 7( y c1< 7D b2 39$!_ = + l" $_ +, B q+9 c*9 : /92 M$" I }E l3!9 ¡: # =(2)"SD / G +9 : L .(3)$[*& # 7( E$F -« 5Et, c" 5*Q/, 2 <' I[B J D+ y /D¥ y -2 e }1/ 9B 1 "< =( 1, ¡ 2 i # ly 9$s ) $[*& # 7( E$F ° : #$b 2 - 624 j2 =, # a6 <$< l_ O1 E B$b 2 @ J%' I/2 =*##, & & J +#OB HL ' yP 5 )#W T# >I: ª IE C "'& LO ^&3 z IB& -#0#

(155) # >I: B J +2 U). 1990. / +2 *° B 2 ¡ %95 $DE ° <$b y qn . / =() + 3 IW: TI+ y <$3 "$ [x 7( E$F W$ TI+ ='$1` pB, :TB <{B # a6 J %s B ° $+39 y *E$ T19 M~9: 3, ;%y +2 "$ OId T / .Åy ...2~9: =3 S% %' © ...V 3 J $- =6 3, I& =< Pd =( =p/+ : . I#' 2 K TW J O 6, & U-B: 3 O S3< ` <$[*& 7( E$F # a6 , -~ K / S

(156) 9 %/< l9y :# a69 I_ =+2@ 7 ) P C6/ o l/ $B: ` y 3, Ik o .

(157) K E$F RD9 c? /Z5 # Z8 9: - *1 S)" c" c@ )' J1 , ="T13 r 7 OB..$[*& # IW: > +" =+ $V :$H9 (1) .TQW + W =R1F E =_$%` IW: G G3B =2006 u 7/6/5 >< ="K z &. (2 ). François BURGAT, Op.Cit., p 143.. (3 ). Mohammed HARBI, L'islamisme dans tous ses états, (Paris: Arcantère, 1991), p 133.. 19.

(158) .9¬ $ H4 +B # a69 ` IE . 13, B_n # {< a69 ` I D =$" =¿K) VK ¿

(159) 9 # 5$H OK y a6 $-/< ` y H/ U <$ ! "$' OK y {< $-/< ` IE =($% " lI39 ` .(2 " lI39 ` ) & L Yo s( _ . <$[*& 7( E$F OB # a6 J (*)12 y

(160) , 2 %s , 2*F W2 IW: 3 TI+ ck =(1988 $2E +2) f!9: 5$_ +2 +w =...f7?( E$" ={ / E$" =G 3 OIk E$" =19¢ 7( &) 5+, <+I& e 9$n =

(161) , $F +2 # E$F ¡ J ;{ (..s( f7?( +w ={ / J = F5 7L. & F J +#OB& O P" HL ' =¿K3 +2 # 5$H J c%s: =IW E$" GH/K TE $I # T2 = 7( E$F $I # I HF H6 ¡ u _ 12 L F _$+ +2 ` R7V9: /Ç À È

(162) , _@ ¬ }39 12 l9@ S% 9 GQ" =S%K $' Y _$+ =3Àt, _ H/ 3I E$F ¡ .Åy ... 1 V/ 5$F WK B7 =T-" y o <$[*& 7( E$F / I L <$ ! ¿ ! X J B y. #P& =:¶ /$ WK ± SDE G _ / r ... '

(163) 9 R$' $I W ¡ p K I% }9W SDE |/ c*K : y HL Q UD? L4%' E# q .Y' (D. J *!Ä ( & $% & 2 " ) <$[*& 7( E$F §<K "$, . _ a6 = K <$[*& 7( E$F _

(164) K L ¿ $H 5;$B _ u@ J .5$H ¡ + G !2 T!E / 1 V9 L W<<@ <$ ! @ J 7': E 3< $ j<* jK +K / $B: I _ <$[*& 7( E$F J *E$ T+ .u </+ TE s 72 $[*& # 7( E$6 W<<@ ¿ Q / ¤K <$ ¡ B7V9 m y R I + c{! 9*!" 1_ =È@ 5;$1 I + "V,2 $<W IE. =3 TI+ # ]$: 5$_ J +2 *E$< © §< J D A$. ;12 ! < 2 K Dz ) %DI GH+ (*) Y3N, J "$V, <{1 !B 7( *"@ ¡ ...Ä$-K WK . $2 19 $ e Q TI+ TE r-_ ..r 3, TI+ 5$_ J +2 *E$ G< © =ª v 20.

(165) ! '#D4 S" =ª OB v +Id /+B # 5$t, $H P$2 5$HE 7( E$F ., TD # a6 y /$+K L =F%? & )#0#? :K¬ Q /, lI _ -12l+K l/ $B: # / B N c-_ = y / ?K L .[/ G J Is 4 =c-_ = 1 y /D¥ /I3B :¤¬E _ = b3 9$1 /D¥ sy l_ 9" Q / /, ¡/-- :c@ T-! È@ É1/ I + "V, a6 <$[*& 7( E$F f$' 2 5$'t " +2 /2 © = + # /2 I+ _$+, @ w 1 y c? V/9 : £" .$[*& J 9 19821962 5$! J 5$-1 / P _ =/ * _$%& $__ =l9W + 0

(166) , c" 12 ( B a6 /" #$+ ´$_ > + IW: G !3 ! j2 =/ _$+ ?- c1" J P / Ik / =¿ . /, j2 /K 1_ / # ¡/+K U . /, .V3, B / 9! 3 .<19 63 9 W jI+V Yv T . / T-_ "$H/ 3 - P/ : 7( E$F"N2 ¡9/ 1_ :qD T-! jD" j2 7( E$F 5$h c" #$+, U$ ! F l_ 9P$2 /, 5, T + © =p<$+ I3 s2 ;2 9W +2 p ~ 5$H2 jI , j-~, 7( E$F T

(167) K T =ë 2° $DE@ ! =US3!K T TE ¡/< }3¥ 5$H c" < +< T-_ l9y ...¨TI+ - a" R$!K x > ¨" 7E a"2 TE l 3< ="- P/ " ¡/z 0 jI , j2 U$ _ *9 7 L _$+, $?/+ J!¿ : ."$H/ 3 " ¡/z 5$H < # <$ _ 3 . 7( E$F ,

(168) B/ U # R7V9: u T

(169) K T-! Y" S%N OK /" "¿K T :c71: TB U$[*& OId"N2 >, :aD T-! # UI+N: $

(170) , l" =39$! I+: / 130 o U$[*& OId RV9 # $' L lN cN< NI D T

(171) < =_1D <-B: IW: U$[*& OId /2 p ® J n N<$[*W 7y E$" 869 /< # ` : y j1"7 j -! 3t 7-_ /+ N_1D <-NB: IW: $H *E$ ¿K T $ 3< 1962 +2 LN IW: E$6 S% !3 _ J +9 Y =UI+: + , 3 UI+: W 5$_ T-! # / ¸y ./' 53 W$ +2 ;/

(172) K c71N:

(173) N @ ¡ +' © =3 _1D <-B: IW: U$[*& OId. 21.

(174) 5NF f$3N JN 7( 5$H P$2 J *!" L $t, O_ J $+ TE .U$[*& IW: N?y :<$[*& 7( E$F"N2 ª J : X O2$ 7-! ="R$N_: $B: " =3[$ I& :<$[*& 7( E$F" ="T

(175) B =5

(176) / < OK /* & ! 3 F

(177) & o8 & Q % B I _ /" # <*E$, 7-! I _ <2 y 1962 /

(178) K T"$ E I T[ R$' '

(179) 9 :k 7( E$6 @ 3N[$ NI& X T-! # /+K I/2 =O2$ T-! # a6 '/ E =/9ID N( R$

(180) w =U{F ;/ w =$[*& # 7( E$F G3&

(181) , 87D G I& ¡ @ < OK {<V3, B /" B =j,+ ( w =j v u3 T-! . /2 R$_: |$s: ]19 +2 P$2y /" IE = 1 K - _ 7N( NE$6 W<N<@ U$ ! ;/ }9W T ( Bl_ /" 1_ S@ N <ÇN W<<@ U$ ! ./, <$H/ 5, $_ ± l /!B 1 $H9 .<$[*& # N"$V, <{1 +2 c" $[*& # 7( E$F y +2 P$2( c%s: I, .5N, N K N / $_K 9+: y 9& 1_ 19821962 5$! c7 <$[*& 7( "3 §

(182) y +2 # 5;$B J = 7( }< k Y T J -X2 *E$K .5$! K # E$F ¡ >7 "E qV pV $E( +2 [' B $` a6 9y y l/9 %/< S@ # : /2 $E9 2+- [+ c-NF [N /D¥ # /$ L [+ oE :'# (o8 &) "3 4 ~) +#4 o8 ) # $[*& # 7( E$F D4 L Yo _@ y $+ y W$2 ` 2 - J ¡ W<< +2 p

(183) ª2 = IH/K p ~ 19821962 j2 5$! N$ :2 , -,2 -19 . ck ¿ "$,2 - 7

(184) , <{1 +2 " -B9 E l 9$D £" T2 =9 :y l $D+9 ...T[$ V, E$F N GNb TE J T-69 G1 +w -K 9E L 7( }< QI_ .¡W N , N+2 =)'N ps@ $[*& Y3 J ; =¡: # W ¡/2 l / - B =A' I @ l{+2 / GÈ B E l / - =Y$@ + & qN+K !Nt W + # 5s¢– 5S@ @ 9E B =B$ U9 $1 l/ '2 .c(. 22.

(185) TN PN°y N9 /E L<*E$, + &2 V Q3 5- >7( $ k 3N· $1< Ik < / " J :y $D+9 /9 :y pD , /D¥ Gb$_ v GN0 / -K .$[*& + W ° @ 6 Ê / TB IE / +_ = $

(186) D¥ QK$ # S ! S@ # / G" .} 32 92W / J $_< ` ± .<$[*& 7( E$F W<<2 +, a6 qD

(187) V% 5<W >~N y N9& NV, I Y3 J TQ3, 1/ V% :' (? \ *' +#L( o8 ) # N B JN 72N1, ¡ ;$Wy < +' . 21, 5 o I3, I $n ¡oN N+2 ? =OI& }"$ J1 < U T 3 ,2 86, ,_ =c/, 3N6 12 = _ t3, +2 7( E$6 E ,t 2$ , /3 # /+Ik N/ y G/2Q +2 / £" / Q B .I[B , y -2 ` TE ¡ N N P7 OI3K =+2 Ä cP : B y c1< l2 - <{1 +2

(188) B/ c .t, c1< IE / 50 $` +2 :y uK : ¿ 8"@ :$ K # 9$VN N1_ =u$, T < G {+2 :y =;:t +2 SE 9+K / Q /E y R!K: Y$W , 9${" GE =;1 21 $!H TW@ [ >~ y $, <+ |N/ IE .| o, }32 HF $n # J% K / 1 TW@ T1/9 3 >2 13 8NÄ s =+2 9 (2 92W $, <+ G0 / -K j6, GxN+K >N / _ B .Q9 5$ TE # G$ÈE9 =G + T?9 /12 /9 Gb w # $DE I+K B a6 / $_K L 5$D 9 +, SDE _$+9 : @ .l/</ lD" N+2 2W( IQÄ y 721, G + 9*° +2 C+ :#D? 5O& 53 o8 ) NB Ä l9 $< $h 327 +K x =G y 3/2 3F $H9 W9 L @ N SDE a" j 7( j ! +2 ;z $E2 / +K ?« = -!K = / a<6 +2 N@ N< NIE .lz2 / f$? y " # =a6 # ~

(189) G $E > / } ' ON N _ N1 9 N 21 TN 7-! 7 9 /9 Gb 2W( G< - # 1, N,( N/" L <{1 +2 > !: 7 TH '/ SDE 12 a¥ j2Q3, 5tNE 87D E$F2 / +K I_ ? =a6 }9W # l B ` =I[B y . . 23.

(190) 5oN+ / P 5$_ $ 8"@ $H/_ = +, B? [ $n [ |/ y _y $N¬ }3 86, OW$< 9" @ j6, +2 / 5$E J I: .| : $E >Q"(2 5K =0 ª< L +, r<$- ¡EK > Y2 5K ¡PN°( ON NE / =oE E a6 P°y -2 e /"I' TQ39 S@ # c" B ¡$E cd O3< : ± Sb 123 $E( =5- ¡ J ¬ l ± T{_2 $N[*& # 7( E$F # a6 cI y 1": # rIV9 /9 J . $

(191) N .713 l11 y rIV9 oE $

(192) R # TK 9*° L ¡ @ =1982 +2 cN" lKN # ² + G1 2 Ët, TB l +_ I D E$F ¡ 5? T

(193) K G +< Y3N # 5$tN, T! T_ $[*& # 7( E$F_ .1954 TB <$[*& /' E$F lNe N =a6 >I:2 T! Sb TD JH %/< =$?+, U$[*& §< .ly 9. 24.

(194) @@. :P3 0QB

(195) S7T :7 /R!. 25.

(196) : " J 1 I 5$h 1 7 <*< / 7( +Id ¡Sb TD U$[*& OId s SK =IW: lK_ OId r[$s p ® j2 o+ T% %K T_ {" E 1+ 5<s .3 <-B: _1D IW: l9W < # r 3 & z (& ) * AP $ 5S@ ¡ P$2 1_ 7( E$F 5$h xy !D , 5+ # /< $[+

(197) I& <$! + I, # :- <+ # $H 5+ /< *E$, -, W3, GE 5<P # < y u/ {<$ _ O[$

(198) Sb y B x -< SD E )< | 3 ] -K P G1 h6 , 2: ., s 6? l2 - <{1 < G < $1 Ç,À =+W IE .§< s r- 0 B / 1D/, 5<& 5F ] =W/ G + 5$_H ! < 1 r[$

(199) Y _ K | 3 5<W ] # {<5S@ ¡ P$2 c2 QF ;K) <W ¼ < µ Gx2 + j!'+, y jI/, > y G {+2 Y" ± =/3, ("$: 3 W =c3 c2 1) 57- ;/ u & B # <: Sb 1<$V =<F .( "$, ¡ TB $[*& # u/ +< L Y$@ /< I, +2 M*F TI+ ck W +2 6 , SK ( 7( E$F) 5S@ ¡ {" P <+ 3 f!9: "$ $[*& +2 -X2 =A V, M1/ TI+ ck 3 W$ <2 7( E$F _$ a" 1988 $2E # A+

(200) mQ": %{ $ L 2*F H TI+ T1" PQ '

(201) 9 RV9 O3K .) + USI& TI+ 5$[ y U$3 TI+ 5$[ #1D IW: U+I& TI+ W

(202) 9_ =z$ 3 TI+ T1" y A+

(203) U =u¾ E$" =19¢ 7( &) M*F 3 TI+ W (...{ / =f7?( s() .(... 7( { / E$" 5$h / =$[*& # 7( 5$H j jB$, <+ ¡97 SD, :y 2*F z$ $'@ ¡ "7 U$!' P$2 G W 5' _$-9 7( E$F +2 "$ 5 E 5$H ¡ $F +2 >I: y = 7( +

(204) +_$ <+I& ;Ì 2 $[*& 3 L , <-B: P@ T! % $Q!, A+

(205) mQ": 5 =1988 Sb "$, ¡ J D6 G W *ÈE$< j SD f ./9ID p-/ =WQ" S3 "3

(206) 63 512 $ h L IW: E$F ¡ y j!. b2 H" / S © /, <+ # I~ <Sw T E$ $+ cI 3 "3 J lK$V 1992

(207) i& TK : U$[*& 3

(208) , S%K E 2~9. 26.

(209) <+ (1992 y 1988 ) B / # "3E 7( E$6 $_H H > .j" y .^# \1P ^# Q +#> !1s ) DL hI =3t, :d U$[*& 7( m@ cD, ct3 } l %s B + E y TI+ o T/< =U+I& M1/ TI+ # |