• Aucun résultat trouvé

A low complexity approach to space-time coding for multipath channels

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "A low complexity approach to space-time coding for multipath channels"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

$ =44>

?A@CBEDGFHI@KJL@CMEN'DG@CO'PRQDTS'MEUWV'V%UYXZ@CDTBEU

[]\_^a`cb`cde`f%ghGfi+j<kml

nonon7p h+qode`cr#serE^<i%tcr`crE^.lvu<wx'wLy poz l

{o|opo{7}Z~ j<x%G[a€€‚ƒ[axj<„[ ~ i,f%…<f‡†!lvˆvt‰7\_Šr

f‹ŒŽ‰7bT,‘EŒŽ‰7tcbTw’oqo“_‰•”W‰o^—–vbTlo˜obd_^—r.™v™CrowŠ.‰7btcr7š7›r.dvtcrEŠqoŒwœt

ž2Ÿ' .¡.¢¤£v¥7¡

¦Yr<Šqo\_^—b§ser.t%‰#q¤¨‹]ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”!^—b\v˜or‹]Š.‰7tctcbr.t^—™_‰oŠr‹

`cbŒZrªŠqeseb\v˜^cŠ–vr.ŒZrAœqot«œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®orRŠ–_‰7\e‹

\vr.§^A“_‰o^—rEs9qo\9`c–vrŠqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`cbqo\9q7œ`ctcr.b§^a‹]ŠqeserEs

ŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\¯°ƒi,k²±¨+b`c–`cbŒZr‹tcr.®or.t^c‰72qot—`c–vqo˜oqo\_‰7

^—™_‰oŠr‹T`cbŒZr‡“vqeŠ’#Šqeseb\v˜!¯°ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi±­w¤ƒ–vr%ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi

`cdvtc\_^9`c–vr³œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®or´Œ!dv`cb‹b\v™vde`µŒ!dv`cb‹

qode`c™vde`ŽŠ–_‰7\v\vr.,b\W`cq¶‰²^a`‰7\_sv‰7ts^—b\v˜or‹b\v™vde`Z^—b\v˜or‹

qode`c™vde`‡Š–_‰7\v\vr.e‰¤·rEŠ­`crEs!“K”#b\W`cr.t—‹]^—”KŒ!“CqoKb\W`cr.t—œr.tcr.\_Šrow

ƒ–vr+serEŠqeser.t¸b§^¸“_‰o^—rEs=qo\!tcrEsed_ŠrEsK‹]^a`‰¤`cr¹aqob\W`'rE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤‹

`cbqo\¶‰7\_s²serEŠqeseb\v˜_lL¨+–vr.tcr‰»ŒZb\vbŒ!dvŒ¼ŒZrE‰7\e‹]^c¬Wd_‰7tcr‹

r.tctcqot+serEŠb§^—bqo\e‹Tœr.rEse“_‰oŠ’ŽrE¬Wd_‰7bº.r.tb§^+ŠqoŒ!“vb\vrEs*¨+b`c–‰

½b`cr.tc“vb+serEŠqeser.tqo™Cr.t‰¤`cb\v˜3qo\`c–vr*ƒi,k¾`ctcr.b§^.l‡‰7\_s

¨+–vr.tcr<`cr.\W`‰¤`cb®or#serEŠb§^—bqo\_^+‰7tcrœqodv\_s*qo\»`c–vr#^—dvtc®Kb®oqot^

¯™Cr.t—‹]^—dvtc®Kb®oqot#™vtcqeŠrE^c^—b\v˜K±­w*[]\¶`c–vb§^!¨‰•”ol`c–vr*serEŠqeser.t

ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”¿b§^*b\_ser.™Cr.\_ser.\W`q7œ=`c–vr¶Š–_‰7\v\vr.ÀŒZr.ŒZqotc”

‰7\_sÁq7œ!`c–vrmŠqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\A^—bº.row‚Gr.®or.t—`c–vr.rE^c^.lÀ^—bŒ!de‹

§‰¤`cbqo\_^Ž^—–vq¤¨Ã`c–_‰¤`Ž`c–vr™vtcqo™CqW^—rEsÄ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr”Kbr.§sv^Ž^—bŒ‹

b§‰7tŤ^—dv™Cr.tcbqotZ™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šr¨+b`c–«tcrE^—™CrEŠ­`Ž`cq¶`c–vr3“CrE^a`

™vtcr.®Kbqod_^—”<™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs=^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^¸‰¤`¸Œ!d_Š–=q¤¨,r.t¸ŠqoŒZ™vr©K‹

b`a”ow ÆCǎÈÉ

¡.¢¤Ê˸̸¥7¡EÍ°Ê

É

ƒ–vrŽserE^—b˜o\Yq7œ^—™_‰oŠr‹T`cbŒZrZŠqeserE^Ž¯

~

ƒi,^±Gœqot=^—b\v˜or

Š.‰7tctcbr.t!`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb§^c^—bqo\q¤®or.t=œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”^—r.rEŠ­`cb®or*Œ!dv`cb‹

b\v™vde`»Œ!dv`cb‹qode`c™vde`Y¯°k[akYjÀ±ZŠ–_‰7\v\vr.§^Z–_‰o^Ž“Cr.r.\«b\e‹

®orE^a`cb˜W‰¤`crEsÎb\¿‰¶\KdvŒ!“Cr.t2q7œ#tcrEŠr.\W`2Šqo\W`ctcb“vde`cbqo\_^3Ïy­Ð

}7Ñ

wYk3‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒ‹]„b’or.b–vqKqes¿¯°k3„¸±=serEŠqeseb\v˜²b\Äk[akYj

œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®orŠ–_‰7\v\vr.§^¸b§^'˜or.\vr.t‰7”<`cqKq#ŠqoŒZ™vr©

œqot™vt‰oŠ­`cb§Š.‰7,Š–_‰7\v\vr.%ŒZr.ŒZqotc”¶‰7\_smŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\Ċqo\e‹

^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\Y^—bº.rowGr.\_ŠroltcrE^—rE‰7tŠ––_‰o^œqeŠd_^—rEs²qo\Y^—dv“e‹

qo™e`cbŒŽ‰7!q¤¨ÒŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”R^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^.w´¦YrȎ‰•”Á˜otcqodv™

`c–vrE^—r¿‰7™v™vtcqW‰oŠ–vrE^3b\W`cqÁ`a¨,qRŠ§‰o^c^—rE^.wƒ–vrÄÓ_t^a`‰7™e‹

™vtcqW‰oŠ–b§^<“_‰o^—rEsqo\²ŒZb`cb˜W‰¤`cb\v˜»b\W`cr.t—‹]^—”KŒ!“CqoÔb\W`cr.t—œr.t—‹

r.\_Šr«¯[ ~ [—±2“K”¿^—qoŒZrYk[akYjrE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\«`crEŠ–v\vb§¬Wdvrol

‰7\_s¿`c–vr.\RserE^—b˜o\vb\v˜«‰Î^—™_‰oŠr‹T`cbŒZr¶Šqeser¤Å¤serEŠqeser.t»œqot

`c–vr»tcrE^—dv`cb\v˜ÕC‰¤`=œ°‰oseb\v˜²Š–_‰7\v\vr.Twˆvqot!r©v‰7ŒZ™vrolÔ`c–vr

d_^—r+q7œ‰Àb\vrE‰7tŒZb\vbŒ!dvŒŒZrE‰7\e‹]^c¬Wd_‰7tcr‹r.tctcqot,¯°k3k ~ f,±

k[akYjrE¬Wd_‰7bº.r.t*ŠqoŒ!“vb\vrEs¿¨+b`c–Á€G§‰7ŒZqode`cbTÖ^*^—™_‰oŠr‹

`cbŒZrZ“vqeŠ’3Šqeseb\v˜¶¯~ ƒ+uGi±–_‰o^<“Cr.r.\Yb\K®orE^a`cb˜W‰¤`crEsb\

Ï}7Ñ wGq¤¨,r.®or.tEl`c–vb§^!^cŠ–vr.ŒZr»seqKrE^=\vq7`‰oŠ–vbr.®orZb\˜or.\e‹

r.t‰7Z`c–vr׌Ž‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒØseb®or.t^—b`a”ªqotser.tmq7·r.tcrEsٓK”ª`c–vr

Š–_‰7\v\vr.Twƒ–vr^—rEŠqo\_s‰7™v™vtcqW‰oŠ–mb§^“_‰o^—rEsmqo\ÎserE^—b˜o\e‹

b\v˜2`c–vr ~ ƒiÁ“K”»`‰7’Kb\v˜2b\W`cq»‰oŠ.Šqodv\W`G`c–vr![ ~ [GŠ–_‰7\v\vr.

‰7\_s`c–vr.\«™Cr.t—œqotcŒZb\v˜*¹aqob\W`ŽrE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\Ή7\_sÎserEŠqesK‹

ŠqeserEsŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\A¯°u,[ci,k²±=¨+b`c–`cdvtc“CqYrE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\

–_‰•®or3“Cr.r.\Á™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs«b\ÚÏz lEÛel |¤ÑwƒbŒZr²tcr.®or.t^c‰7Gqot—‹

`c–vqo˜oqo\_‰7 ~ ƒ+uGi¯°ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi±3Ïy Ñ ¯°^—r.r²‰7§^—qÁÏn•Ñ±ŽŠqo\e‹

®or.t—`^!`c–vrk[akYjܜtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®or»Š–_‰7\v\vr.b\W`cqm‰

^a`‰7\_sv‰7ts^—b\v˜or‹b\v™vde`Ž^—b\v˜or‹qode`c™vde`¯

~ [~

jÀ±Š–_‰7\v\vr.

¨+b`c–[ ~ [­lE`cq<¨+–vb§Š–Šqo\K®or.\W`cbqo\_‰7o`crEŠ–v\vb§¬WdvrE^'ser.®or.qo™CrEs

œqot#[ ~ [ÀŠ–_‰7\v\vr.§^#Š.‰7\Y“Cr»‰7™v™vbrEsLw2ƒ–vrZ™vtcqo“vr.Œ¨+b`c–

`c–vrE^—r^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^b§^Ô`c–_‰¤`Ô`cdvtc“Cq7‹rE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\#\vr.rEsv^¸‰^—q7œÝ`—‹

b\3^—q7œÝ`—‹qode`<k3€x¿serEŠqeser.tGœqot+`c–vr=[~ [+Š–_‰7\v\vr.Tl_¨+–vqW^—r

ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”*b§^Gr©e™Cqo\vr.\W`cb§‰7b\`c–vrŠ–_‰7\v\vr.r.\v˜7`c–3‰7\_s

b\Z`c–vrGŠqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\Z^—bº.row'ˆvqotr©v‰7ŒZ™vrolWk3€xm^—”KŒ!“Cqo‹

“K”W‹]^—”KŒ!“Cqo%ser`crEŠ­`cbqo\mbŒZ™vr.ŒZr.\W`crEsm“K”²`c–vr»uGi,ÞWh‰7‹

˜oqotcb`c–vŒ´tcdv\_^=qo\ĉ`ctcr.b§^!¨+b`c–ÎßRàáâŽ^a`‰¤`crE^.l¨+–vr.tcr

ßser.\vq7`crE^G`c–vrŽŠqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\²^—bº.r‰7\_s²ãÁser.\vq7`crE^`c–vr

Š–_‰7\v\vr.Lr.\v˜7`c–r©e™vtcrE^c^—rEs2b\^—”KŒ!“CqoTw

[]\`c–vb§^¨,qotc’Ù¨,rÁŠqo\_^—b§ser.tm`c–vrAŠqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`cbqo\q7œ

ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi¨+b`c–R‰7\Aqode`cr.t*`ctcr.b§^ŠqeserEsÁŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\

¯°ƒi,k²±^cŠ–vr.ŒZr=Ïä Ñw¸¦YrG^—–_‰7v™vtcq¤®Kb§ser+‰7\Zb\eœqotcŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\e‹

`c–vr.qotcr`cb§Š3¹ad_^a`cbÓCŠ.‰¤`cbqo\ªœqotY`c–vr«™vtcqo™CqW^—rEsª^cŠ–vr.ŒZrÎb\

`cr.tcŒŽ^2q7œ=‰oŠ–vbr.®¤‰7“vrt‰¤`cr²‰7\_s«seb®or.t^—b`a”owR€,`2`c–vr3tcr‹

Šr.b®or.tEl»¨,rA‰7™v™v”‰tcrEsed_ŠrEsK‹]^a`‰¤`crÁ^—rE¬Wdvr.\_ŠrÁser`crEŠ­‹

`cbqo\å“_‰o^—rEsÃqo\åk3k ~ fæserEŠb§^—bqo\e‹Tœr.rEse“_‰oŠ’ÚrE¬Wd_‰7bº.r.t

¯°k3k ~ f‹]…<ˆ'f,±3‰7\_sA™Cr.t—‹]^—dvtc®Kb®oqot™vtcqeŠrE^c^—b\v˜¯°x ~ x,±­w

~ b\_Šr»`c–vr*x ~ xªser`crEŠ­`cqotŤserEŠqeser.t!¨,qotc’e^#qo\m`c–vr»`ctcr.‹

b§^q7œ`c–vr*dv\_ser.tc”Kb\v˜¶ƒi,kŠqeserol‡`c–vr*tcrEŠr.b®or.tZŠqoŒ‹

™vr©eb`a”²b§^Àb\_ser.™Cr.\_ser.\W`!q7œ%`c–vr2Š–_‰7\v\vr.r.\v˜7`c–m‰7\_s²q7œ

`c–vr3Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\Î^—bº.row«ƒ–vb§^ŽŒŽ‰7’orE^qodvtŽ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr‰7™e‹

™vb§Š.‰7“vr»b\™vt‰oŠ­`cb§Šrol'¨+–vbr2`c–vr*^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^=™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs¶b\

Ïn l z l |¤Ñ ‰7tcr3\vq7`Ew€G\vq7`c–vr.t‰ose®¤‰7\W`‰7˜orb§^»`c–_‰¤`ƒi,k

Š.‰7\»rE‰o^—b”ŽbŒZ™vr.ŒZr.\W`G‰osv‰7™e`cb®or<ŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\Y¯b`Gb§^^—deœÝ‹

ÓCŠbr.\W`%`cq=r©e™_‰7\_s`c–vrŠqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\lW‰osvsZdv\_ŠqeserEsŽ“vb`^

‰7\_s!b\_ŠtcrE‰o^—r%`c–vr\KdvŒ!“Cr.tq7œC™_‰7t‰7r.o`ct‰7\_^—b`cbqo\_^¸b\`c–vr

ƒi,k`ctcr.b§^.lKœqoq¤¨+b\v˜Ïä ѱ­w

ç Ê_¡E£e¡EÍ°Ê

É

 oè bݱé´êæë*ì¯é%ícî*±ŒZrE‰7\_^`c–_‰¤`3`c–vr

t‰7\_seqoŒ¾®orEŠ­`cqot*éb§^ŠqoŒZ™vr©AïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\Á¨+b`c–RŠbtŠde‹

§‰7t!^—”KŒZŒZr`ctc”ol'¨+b`c–mŒZrE‰7\ð2Ïé

ÑGñ

é׉7\_smŠq¤®¤‰7tcb§‰7\_Šr

ð2ÏéLéÔò Ñ+ó é é ò ñ î3w/bbݱ

Èô

ser.\vq7`crE^²`c–vr«õªö¿õ

b§ser.\W`cb`a”¶ŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©Lwbbbݱ ~ dv™Cr.t^cŠtcb™e`^!÷Á‰7\_smòÃb\_seb§Š.‰¤`cr

`ct‰7\_^—™CqW^—r‰7\_s2Gr.tcŒZb`cb§‰7\Z`ct‰7\_^—™CqW^—rolWtcrE^—™CrEŠ­`cb®or.”ow¸b®v±

ø•ù

ñ

¯úLû

ü

áâ í—úLû

ü

áý í.þ.þ.þ.í—úLû

ÿ

±a÷«b\_seb§Š.‰¤`crE^<`cbŒZrŽtcr.®or.t^c‰7

ŠqoŒZ™vr©*Šqo\¤¹adv˜W‰¤`crÀq7œ‰®orEŠ­`cqot

ù w

Ç

£

ɸÉ

ÊË

¦YrҊqo\_^—b§ser.t‰³œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®or¼Œ!dv`cb‹b\v™vde`

(2)

\vr.b§^À^a`ct‰7b˜o–W`—œqotc¨‰7tsLwÀƒ–vrŒ!dv`cb™_‰¤`c–¶Š–_‰7\v\vr.ÔœtcqoŒ

`c–vrT‹T`c–`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`%‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰<`cqÀ`c–vrGtcrEŠr.b®Kb\v˜#‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰Àb§^

‰o^c^—dvŒZrEs`cq!“Crt‰7\_seqoŒÙ“vde`,`cbŒZr‹b\K®¤‰7tcb§‰7\W`œqot,‰=^—dZ‹

Šbr.\W`c”*§‰7tc˜or#\KdvŒ!“Cr.tGq7œ‡^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^=¯°¬Wd_‰o^—b‹]^a`‰¤`cb§Š<œ°‰oseb\v˜

‰o^c^—dvŒZ™e`cbqo\C±­wÁƒ–vrq¤®or.t‰7T‹T`c–¿Š–_‰7\v\vr.GbŒZ™vdv§^—rtcr‹

^—™Cqo\_^—r3b§^2˜ob®or.\«“K”Ä`c–vr²Šqo\K®oqode`cbqo\«q7œÀ`c–vr3™v–K”e^—b§Š.‰7

Š–_‰7\v\vr.¨+b`c–*`c–vr<`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`+^—–_‰7™vb\v˜!Ó_`cr.tEw‡€+œÝ`cr.tG^c‰7Œ‹

™vb\v˜m‰¤`Ž`c–vr^—”KŒ!“Cqo+t‰¤`crYy .l,¨,rqo“e`‰7b\«seb§^cŠtcr`cr‹

`cbŒZr#q¤®or.t‰7bŒZ™vdv§^—r#tcrE^—™Cqo\_^—r'q7œ'r.\v˜7`c–

ã ñ ¯ay•±

¨+–vr.tcr Gtcr.™vtcrE^—r.\W`^‰Z^—”KŒ!“Cqosedvt‰¤`cbqo\l b§^,`c–vr=ser‹

§‰•”Y^—™vtcrE‰os¶‰7\_s¶b§^#`c–vr2r.\v˜7`c–mq7œ`c–vr»^—–_‰7™vb\v˜Ó_`cr.t

bŒZ™vdv§^—r!tcrE^—™Cqo\_^—r=r©e™vtcrE^c^—rEs*b\²^—”KŒ!“CqoÔb\W`cr.tc®¤‰7§^.w+¦Yr

‰o^c^—dvŒZr`c–_‰¤`,‰#“vqeŠ’

 

Lq7œ 9^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^b§^%^—r.\W`œtcqoŒÙ`c–vr

T‹T`c–2‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰vl7œqoq¤¨,rEs“K”ã ó y+º.r.tcqW^+¯º.r.tcq7‹™_‰osvseb\v˜K±­l

b\Zqotser.t¸`cqÀr.bŒZb\_‰¤`cr+b\W`cr.t—‹“vqeŠ’#b\W`cr.t—œr.tcr.\_Šrow'„r`

ser.\vq7`cr`c–vr=¯ ó y2ã,±Cö `‰7vƒÔqKr.™vbº+ŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©!¨+–vqW^—r

‹T`c–ŠqodvŒZ\b§^˜ob®or.\*“K”

¯{ í.þ.þ.þí {

! "

#

í$

÷ í { í.þ.þ.þí {

! "

ü

áâá

# ± ÷

ƒ–vr.\l'`c–vr»seb§^cŠtcr`cr‹T`cbŒZr2tcrEŠr.b®orEsm^—b˜o\_‰7œqot‰`ct‰7\_^a‹

ŒZb`—`crEs“vqeŠ’2q7œ¸r.\v˜7`c– µb§^˜ob®or.\*“K”

¢ ñ ü&%

'( â

  *) ¯n ±

¨+–vr.tcr)åêmë*ì3¯,+í ÿ È ü

áâ-à

±,b§^G€Ô¦¿ïÀ‚=w

. Ç Ê É

¥o£e¡

£e¡

Ë0/ / î2143 /65

.

Ç°ÆCÇ

/=Í7

î é

¢¤ E£

3

/65

ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGiåÏy Ñ b§^#`c–vr»\_‰¤`cdvt‰7‡r©K`cr.\_^—bqo\mq7œGqot—`c–vqo˜7‹

qo\_‰7 ~ ƒ+uGi/“_‰o^—rEsÜqo\˜or.\vr.t‰7bº.rEsåqot—`c–vqo˜oqo\_‰7ser‹

^—b˜o\_^Z¯Tï=j<…À±G`cq*`c–vrœtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®orŠ–_‰7\v\vr.§^.lLb\

`c–vr¿^—r.\_^—rÄ`c–_‰¤`¶`c–vr«qo™e`cbŒŽ‰7ZtcrEŠr.b®or.tYb§^²œqotcŒZrEsª“K”

ŒŽ‰¤`Š–vrEsÚÓ_`cr.tcb\v˜ª‰7\_sŠqoŒ!“vb\vb\v˜ª‰7\_sÚ`c–_‰¤`Îser`crEŠ­‹

`cbqo\ªq7œZ`c–vrÎsv‰¤`‰×^a`ctcrE‰7ŒŽ^3^—r.\W`²“K”Á`c–vrΉ7\W`cr.\v\_‰o^b§^

™Cr.t—œrEŠ­`c”serEŠqodv™vrEsLwÒGq¤¨,r.®or.tElÀ¨+–vbrœqot3qot—`c–vqo˜oq7‹

\_‰7

~

ƒ+uGiÂb\AœtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹TÕC‰¤`*œ°‰oseb\v˜«™CqW^a`—‹]ŠqoŒ!“vb\vb\v˜

^—”KŒ!“Cqo‹“K”W‹]^—”KŒ!“Cqomser`crEŠ­`cbqo\´b§^qo™e`cbŒŽ‰7Tl̝qotªƒ+h‹

~ ƒ+uGi¾b\œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”W‹]^—r.rEŠ­`cb®orÁœ°‰oseb\v˜`c–vrªtcrE^—dv`cb\v˜

Š–_‰7\v\vr.‰¤œÝ`cr.tGŠqoŒ!“vb\vb\v˜Zb§^+‰7\*[ ~ [,Š–_‰7\v\vr.TlKœqot+¨+–vb§Š–

^—rE¬Wdvr.\_Šr#ser`crEŠ­`cbqo\qot+rE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\»b§^+tcrE¬WdvbtcrEsLw

€µÏGící98 Ñ ï=j<…åb§^serÓ_\vrEs“K”¶‰:ö ÀŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©

3‡¯

ù

±¨+–vqW^—r*r.\W`ctcbrE^‰7tcr*r.r.ŒZr.\W`^q7œ

ù

qot!`c–vr.bt2Šqo\e‹

¹adv˜W‰¤`crE^.l¨+–vr.tcr

ù

b§^‰Ä®orEŠ­`cqot*q7œ;8×^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^»œtcqoŒ/‰

ŠqoŒZ™vr©¶Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\l'‰7\_s¶^—d_Š–¶`c–_‰¤`;3‡¯

ù

±aò63‡¯

ù ± ñ

<ù <ý È>=

Ï? Ñ

wÁï<b®or.\¿‰«ÏGí í98

Ñ

ï=j<…¼¨+b`c–Î`c–vr™vtcqo™e‹

r.t—`a”¶`c–_‰¤`Ž‰7\K”¶tcq¤¨ÃŠqo\W`‰7b\_^!r.b`c–vr.tZr.r.ŒZr.\W`^q7œ

ù

qot

r.r.ŒZr.\W`^+q7œ

ù

û7lv¨,r=Šqo\_^a`ctcd_Š­`+`c–vr=ŠqotctcrE^—™Cqo\_seb\v˜Zƒ+h‹

~ ƒ+uGi«“K”Žtcr.™v§‰oŠb\v˜!rE‰oŠ–*^—”KŒ!“Cqoú¸“K”»‰!®orEŠ­`cqot,q7œ

^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^ œqoq¤¨,rEsZ“K”Žã ó yGº.r.tcqW^.lW‰7\_sZrE‰oŠ–»^—”KŒ!“Cqo

ø•ù

ã ó yÀº.r.tcqW^.w

ƒ–vrtcrEŠr.b®orEsÄ^—b˜o\_‰7+b§^Z™_‰o^c^—rEs`c–vtcqodv˜o–«‰Y“_‰7\v’q7œ

Ó_`cr.t^¸ŒŽ‰¤`Š–vrEs=`cq

â

í.þ.þ.þ.í$

ü&%

w'ƒ–vrŒŽ‰¤`Š–vrEs#Ó_`cr.t

qode`c™vde`^#‰7tcrŠqoŒ!“vb\vrEsb\²qotser.t`cq*qo“e`‰7b\@83^—r.™_‰7t‰¤`cr

~ [ ~ jªŠ–_‰7\v\vr.§^¨+b`c–[ ~ [%b\*`c–vrÀœqotcŒ

A

CB ô ñ

àáâ

'

D(

áFEàáâG>H

D

úCB ô á D

ICB

ô ¯z ±

¨+–vr.tcr

H D ñKJ

ü&%

(

âL6M

—¯CN—±

M û

¯CN óO ­±PQNÀb§^#`c–vr»^—dvŒµq7œ

`c–vr*Š–_‰7\v\vr.,‰7de`cqeŠqotctcr.§‰¤`cbqo\_^<q7œG‰7 <`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`‰7\e‹

`cr.\v\_‰o^.l7‰7\_s=¨+–vr.tcrG‘ICB

ô

š,b§^'‰ŠqoŒZ™vr©ïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\=\vqob§^—r

^—rE¬Wdvr.\_ŠrÀ¨+b`c–‰7de`cqeŠqotctcr.§‰¤`cbqo\2œdv\_Š­`cbqo\ ÿ H Dw

. Ç Ç Ê É

¥o£e¡

£e¡EÍ°Ê

É

− 1 L

N D

) 1 ( N + LT

3 2 1 x x x

x 1 − x 2x 3

x 1

x 2

x 3 x 1x 3

x 2

− 1 L

!

!

y z j

RTSUVWYX[Z\>]_^`Sa9U!b_a9c\9de\!fbg,]_hicijd\!b&kmlnpo

‚Gr©K`Ele¨,rÀŠqo\_^—b§ser.t,`c–vr#Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`cbqo\2q7œ¸ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi

¨+b`c–m‰7\Yqode`cr.t#ƒi,kæ^cŠ–vr.ŒZrowZ‚‰7ŒZr.”olL`c–vrŽ“vqeŠ’e^<q7œ

^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^

ù

,‰7tcr#™vtcqesed_ŠrEs“K”*b\W`cr.tcrE‰•®Kb\v˜Z`c–vr!qode`c™vde`

q7œC‰ƒi,kÃr.\_Šqeser.tEw¸ˆ¸b˜_wyW¯°‰W±Ô^—–vq¤¨G^L`c–vr,“vqeŠ’=seb§‰7˜ot‰7Œ

q7œ#`c–vr²™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs¿Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEs¿^cŠ–vr.ŒZrœqot

ñÒz

l

“_‰o^—rEs=qo\=`c–vrt‰¤`cr‹z Å }<~ ƒ+uGiY¨+b`c–“vqeŠ’#r.\v˜7`c–q ñ¿}

‰7\_s»`c–vrÀœqoq¤¨+b\v˜!`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`‰7tct‰•”

3‡¯ú

â

í—ú

ý

í—úr•± ñ sttu ú â ú ý úr

ó ú û

ý ú ûâ {

ó úLû

r { úLû

â

{ ó úrú

ý vww

x

ƒ–vr¼^—rE¬Wdvr.\_Šr9˜or.\vr.t‰¤`crEs “K”Ò`c–vrƒi,k r.\_Šqeser.tEl

œqotcŒZrEs3q7œ%^—”KŒ!“Cqo§^œtcqoŒ9‰7\YßÁ‹]‰7tc”ŠqoŒZ™vr©²Šqo\_^a`cr.‹

§‰¤`cbqo\ܯrow˜_wlŽx

~y

qotz<€k²±­l#b§^¶‰7tct‰7\v˜orEs“K”tcq¤¨G^

b\W`cqm‰ 0ö{ tcq¤¨‹]ŠqodvŒZ\b\W`cr.tcrE‰•®or.tEwƒ–vrtcrE^—dv`—‹

b\v˜|{)®orEŠ­`cqot^3q7œ»r.\v˜7`c– ‰7tcrȎ‰7™v™CrEsªqo\W`cq×`c–vr

!¯}¿ã ó y•±ö ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGiR`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`=‰7tct‰•”¯Ý`c–vb§^

b§^+^—–vq¤¨+\Ž`ct‰7\_^—™CqW^—rEs2b\ˆ¸b˜_wyW¯°‰W±‡¨+–vr.tcr`c–vr#^—–_‰oseq¤¨,rEs

‰7tcrE‰o^ŠqotctcrE^—™Cqo\_sY`cqYº.r.tcqW^±­wmƒ–vr^—™CrEŠ­`ct‰7,r42Šbr.\_Š”

q7œ»`c–vr«tcrE^—dv`cb\v˜Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEsÙ^cŠ–vr.ŒZrÎb§^¶˜ob®or.\ٓK”

~ ñ ü

ü

-àá⁀ƒ‚„…9‚…‡†

l_¨+–vr.tcr

€ƒ‚„…

b§^+`c–vr=t‰¤`cr2Ï^—”KŒ‹

“CqoÅ¤Š–_‰7\v\vr.Ld_^—r Ñ q7œ¸`c–vr#dv\_ser.tc”Kb\v˜ ~ ƒ+uGil_‰7\_s

‚…‡†

b§^`c–vr#t‰¤`crŽÏ“vb`Ť^—”KŒ!“CqoÑ q7œÔ`c–vr#qode`cr.tGƒi,k´Šqeserow

(3)

ÊCÍ ¡ ̸£ Ío£e¡EÍ°Ê £ Ë¿Ë ¥oÊ˸Í

k3„»ser`crEŠ­`cbqo\=q7œe`c–vr%q¤®or.t‰7oŠqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEs#^cŠ–vr.ŒZr‡b§^

`cqKq#ŠqoŒZ™vr©Ll7^—b\_Šrb`¨,qodv§s=tcrE¬Wdvbtcr%tcdv\v\vb\v˜#‰½b`cr.tc“vb

€G˜oqotcb`c–vŒ¯½'€<±Zqo\«‰7\Îr©e™_‰7\_serEs`ctcr.b§^.l,¨+–vr.tcr*`c–vr

\KdvŒ!“Cr.tq7œ‡^a`‰¤`crE^Gser.™Cr.\_sv^qo\*`c–vrŠ–_‰7\v\vr.r.\v˜7`c–l_qo\

`c–vr¶Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\Á^—bº.rY‰7\_s¿qo\¿`c–vr¶‰osvseb`cbqo\_‰7<ŒZr.Œ‹

qotc”»b\W`ctcqesed_ŠrEs“K”»`c–vr=b\W`cr.tcrE‰•®or.tEw,ƒÔq2q¤®or.tŠqoŒZr<`c–vb§^

™vtcqo“vr.Œl¨,r!™vtcqo™CqW^—r!‰2tcrEsed_ŠrEsK‹]^a`‰¤`crG¹aqob\W`<rE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤‹

`cbqo\Y‰7\_s²serEŠqeseb\v˜*‰7™v™vtcqW‰oŠ–®Kb§‰*x ~ x'wƒ–vr“vqeŠ’seb‹

‰7˜ot‰7Œ q7œÀ`c–vr²tcrEŠr.b®or.t2b§^»^—–vq¤¨+\¿b\׈¸b˜_wyW¯“C±­w ~ b\_Šr

`c–vrx ~ x×serE‰7§^¨+b`c–`c–vrŠ.‰7d_^c‰7Ô[~ [+“K”*d_^—b\v˜2`c–vr^—dvt—‹

®Kb®oqot^!q7œ`c–vr*`ctcr.b§^Zq7œ<½'€=l‡‰²™vtcr‹TÓ_`cr.tZb§^Z\vrEŠrE^c^c‰7tc”

`cqr.bŒZb\_‰¤`cr`c–vr²‰7\W`cb‹]Š.‰7d_^c‰7[

~

[Zb\ª¯

z

±­wRƒ–vr.tcrœqotcrol

¨,r*b\W`ctcqesed_Šr2`c–vr»œqotc¨‰7ts¶Ó_`cr.tq7œG`c–vrk3k ~ f‹]…<ˆ'f

™vtcbqot#`cq3½'€=w‡j\_ŠrŽ`c–vr2[ ~ [=Š–_‰7\v\vr.‡“CrEŠqoŒZrE^!Š.‰7d_^c‰7Tl

serEŠqeseb\v˜q7œ%`c–vr2ƒi,kæŠqeserŽb§^#seqo\vr<¹aqob\W`c”3¨+b`c–Y`c–vr

œr.rEse“_‰oŠ’»Ó_`cr.tq7œ'`c–vr!k3k

~

f‹]…<ˆ'f¿“K”*d_^—b\v˜Ž`c–vr#`cr.\e‹

`‰¤`cb®orÀserEŠb§^—bqo\_^œqodv\_s2qo\2`c–vrÀ^—dvtc®Kb®oqot^q7œ`c–vr<½'€=wK[]\

`c–vb§^G¨‰•”olW`c–vr=½'€Rqo™Cr.t‰¤`crE^qo\*`c–vrÀ`ctcr.b§^+q7œ¸`c–vr=ƒi,k

^cŠ–vr.ŒZrolbtctcrE^—™CrEŠ­`cb®or.”²q7œ+`c–vr*Š–_‰7\v\vr.,r.\v˜7`c–‰7\_smq7œ

`c–vr=Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\^—bº.row

Ç°ÆCÇ

31 Ê_¢

)

£e¢¤Ë ¡ ¢

[]\=qotser.tL`cq<ŠqoŒZ™vde`cr‡`c–vr,k3k ~ f‹]…<ˆ'fœqotc¨‰7tsÓ_`cr.t

¨+b`c–¶b\vrE‰7t#ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”b\²`c–vrŽŠ–_‰7\v\vr.r.\v˜7`c–¶ãA‰7\_s

b\²`c–vr2ƒ+h‹

~

ƒ+uGiA“vqeŠ’²^—bº.r ml¨,rZde`cbbº.r`c–vrŽ“vqeŠ’

œqotcŒ!dv§‰¤`cbqo\ē_‰o^—rEsqo\¿i%–vqorE^—’K”Yœ°‰oŠ­`cqotcbºE‰¤`cbqo\q7œÏp¤Ñ w

ˆvqotZ‰7\K”¶q7œG`c–vrT‹T`c–Ä“vqeŠ’e^.l¨,r»tcr.¨+tcb`crY¯z ±=b\ēvqeŠ’

œqotcŒÜ‰o^

ñ

ù

¯} ±

¨+–vr.tcr

ù ñ ¯ú

ü

áâ í.þ.þ.þ.í—ú

ÿ

±a÷%l

ñ ¯A ü

áâ í.þ.þ.þ.í

A ÿ

±a÷%l

êÄë

ì

¯,+í ÿ ±+‰7\_s b§^‰ ´ö ´^c¬Wd_‰7tcr=ƒÔqKr.™vb`cº

ŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©¨+–vr.tcr»Ï

Ñ

# B# - D ñ H D

wGƒ–vrŽi%–vqorE^—’K”2œ°‰oŠ­`cqotcbºE‰¤‹

`cbqo\˜ob®orE^

ÿ È Äñ 5

ò

5 ¯TÛo±

¨+–vr.tcr 5 b§^‰7\dv™v™Cr.t`ctcb§‰7\v˜odv§‰7t=¨+b`c–Ädv\vb`Žseb§‰7˜oqo\_‰7

¯°Š.‰7d_^c‰7C‰7\_sŽŒZqo\vb§ŠE±‡‰7\_s

ñ seb§‰7˜C¯

ü

áâ í.þ.þ.þ.í

ÿ

±‡b§^,‰

seb§‰7˜oqo\_‰7WŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©=¨+b`c–™CqW^—b`cb®or,tcrE‰7Kseb§‰7˜oqo\_‰7Wr.r.ŒZr.\W`^.w

ƒ–vrGœr.rEse“_‰oŠ’=Ó_`cr.t,ŒŽ‰¤`ctcb©b§^%rE¬Wd_‰7e`cq 5 ó È

lW¨+–vb§Š–Žb§^

^a`ctcb§Š­`c”¶Š.‰7d_^c‰7Tw

~

Š–Kdvt!‰7˜oqotcb`c–vŒµŠqoŒZ™vde`crE^#`c–vb§^=œ°‰oŠ­‹

`cqotcbºE‰¤`cbqo\¨+b`c–Zb\vrE‰7t‡ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”=b\Žã¶‰7\_s å“K”Šqo\e‹

^—b§ser.tcb\v˜¶`c–vr3“_‰7\_serEs«ƒÔqKr.™vb`cº²^a`ctcd_Š­`cdvtcrq7œ ¨+–vr.tcr

rE‰oŠ–Îtcq¤¨q7œÀŠqo\W`‰7b\_^Ž‰¤`ZŒZqW^a` n ã ó y\vqo\e‹º.r.tcq²r.r‹

ŒZr.\W`^.w‡ƒ–vr=k3k

~

f‹]…<ˆ'fĜqotc¨‰7tsŽÓ_`cr.tGb§^˜ob®or.\*“K”

ñ áâ

5

áò

¯| ±

ƒ–vrŽqode`c™vde`=q7œ%`c–vb§^ÀÓ_`cr.t!Š.‰7\Y“CrŽqo“e`‰7b\vrEs²r42Šbr.\W`c”

“K”ĉ7™v™v”Kb\v˜¶“_‰oŠ’W‹]^—dv“_^a`cb`cde`cbqo\Ä`cq

l”Kbr.§seb\v˜¶b\vrE‰7t

ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”2b\㫉7\_smw

Ç Ç ¢ 143 ÌÔ¢ é Íé Ê_¢

¢¤Ê¥

 E EÍ É

„r`

#

“CrG`c–vrÀ^—rE¬Wdvr.\_Šrq7œÔ^—”KŒ!“Cqo‹t‰¤`cr^c‰7ŒZ™vrE^%qo“e‹

`‰7b\vrEs#‰¤œÝ`cr.tLœqotc¨‰7tsGÓ_`cr.tcb\v˜‰7\_sÀser.b\W`cr.tcrE‰•®Kb\v˜_wԅdvr

`c–vr#serEŠb§^—bqo\e‹Tœr.rEse“_‰oŠ’Ž^—rEŠ­`cbqo\*q7œ`c–vrÀrE¬Wd_‰7bº.r.tŠ.‰7\*“Cr

œqodv\_sZqo\`c–vr^—dvtc®Kb®oqot^¸q7œL‰À½'€×‰oŠ­`cb\v˜#qo\`c–vrGqotcb˜ob\_‰7

ƒi,k´`ctcr.b§^¯bTwrowlC¨+b`c–vqode`#^a`‰¤`cr=r©e™_‰7\_^—bqo\±­wGr.\_Šrol

`c–vrŽ“vt‰7\_Š–²ŒZr`ctcb§ŠZ‰¤`À`c–vr ‹T`c–²`ctcr.b§^#^a`cr.™Yr©K`cr.\_seb\v˜

œtcqoŒÜ^a`‰¤`cr #b§^˜ob®or.\*b\*`c–vrÀœqotcŒ

! #

¯"oí—ú± ñ ###### #

ó$ y ó y

ô&%

ú ó à('

') (

â+*

ô B ),

ú # á ).-

¯"•±

######ý

¯ä7±

¨+–vr.tcrGõ ñ {;olKã0/ ñ ŒZb\Ô¯°ãGí—õÔ±­lWú»b§^`c–vr<Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤‹

`cbqo\»^—”KŒ!“Cqo_§‰7“Cr.b\v˜=`c–vrG`ctcr.b§^%“vt‰7\_Š–l

,

ú ô á ).-

¯"•±‡‰7tcr

`c–vrZ`cr.\W`‰¤`cb®orŽserEŠb§^—bqo\_^<œqodv\_sYqo\²`c–vr2^—dvtc®Kb®Kb\v˜*™_‰¤`c–

`cr.tcŒZb\_‰¤`cb\v˜mb\¿^a`‰¤`cr1ol+‰7\_sR¯

* ô Bâ í.þ.þ.þí

* ô Bà

±Ž‰7tcr*`c–vr

ŠqKr42Šbr.\W`^q7œÔ`c–vr=k3k ~ f‹]…<ˆ'fĜr.rEse“_‰oŠ’ZÓ_`cr.tG¨+–vr.tcr

* ô B) ñ Ï5 Ñü áâá

ô Bü

áâá ô - D w

ƒ–vr%™vtcqo™CqW^—rEsÀ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr%b§^ŒZq7`cb®¤‰¤`crEs#“K”`c–vr‡œqoq¤¨+b\v˜

tcrE^—dv`E

¢¤Ê32%ÊC E͝¡EÍ°Ê É²ÆCÇ

gG\_ser.t'ïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\<t‰7\_seqoŒAŠqeseb\v˜G‰7\_s

b\2`c–vr<bŒZb`œqot{5476¯b\eÓ_\vb`crÀb\W`cr.tcrE‰•®Kb\v˜!ser.™e`c–C±­l

œqot‰˜ob®or.\׊–_‰7\v\vr.<tcrE‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\A‘

H )

šWl+`c–vr²™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs

¹aqob\W`GrE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\‰7\_sserEŠqeseb\v˜2^cŠ–vr.ŒZr#‰oŠ–vbr.®orE^,`c–vr

b\eœqotcŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\*t‰¤`cr

8 ñ:9 â<;cý

áâ<;cý

qo˜

ý $ y>=

ÿ@?

¯"AL±

%

P.A ¯?W±

¨+–vr.tcr

?

¯"AL±CBñ J ) H )D

á # ýE

)GF

w H

ƒ–vr%b\eœqotcŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\#t‰¤`cr08b\»¯?W±Lb§^`c–vr%ŒŽ‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒR‰oŠ–vbr.®W‹

‰7“vr+t‰¤`crœqot`c–vrG[

~

[Š–_‰7\v\vr.¯

z

±'dv\_ser.t`c–vrŠqo\_^a`ct‰7b\W`

`c–_‰¤``c–vrmb\v™vde`3^—b˜o\_‰7À–_‰o^Šqo\_^a`‰7\W`™Cq¤¨,r.t^—™CrEŠ­`ct‰7

ser.\_^—b`a”»rE¬Wd_‰7`cq

= w

€^,œ°‰7t‰o^%`c–vrÀ‰oŠ–vbr.®¤‰7“vrÀseb®or.t^—b`a”Zb§^Šqo\_Šr.tc\vrEsLlW¨,r

–_‰•®or<`c–vrÀœqoq¤¨+b\v˜tcrE^—dv`E

¢¤Ê32%ÊC E͝¡EÍ°Ê

É Ç

gG\_ser.t'ïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\<t‰7\_seqoŒAŠqeseb\v˜G‰7\_s

b\Ž`c–vrGbŒZb`%œqot {54I6¿l7`c–vr<Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEsZƒi,k9ƒ+h‹

~ ƒ+uGi´^cŠ–vr.ŒZr«‰oŠ–vbr.®orE^²ŒŽ‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒ&seb®or.t^—b`a” ]ãKJel

¨+–vr.tcr²ãKJ¶b§^Z`c–vr²\KdvŒ!“Cr.t»q7œ#^—r.™_‰7t‰7“vr™_‰¤`c–_^2q7œÀ`c–vr

dv\_ser.tc”Kb\v˜Z™v–K”e^—b§Š.‰7Š–_‰7\v\vr.Tw H

¦Yr–_‰o^a`cr.\Ä`cqm^c‰•”m`c–_‰¤`2x‡tcqo™CqW^—b`cbqo\

n

seqKrE^Z\vq7`ŽbŒ‹

™v”Áb\R˜or.\vr.t‰7<`c–_‰¤``c–vrm™vtcqo™CqW^—rEsA^cŠ–vr.ŒZrYœqot3‰ÄÓv‹

\vb`cr2™vt‰oŠ­`cb§Š.‰7'®¤‰7dvrŽq7œ{´‰7\_sY‰˜ob®or.\¶ƒi,k0^cŠ–vr.ŒZr

q¤®or.t^—qoŒZrseb§^cŠtcr`cr*‰7™v–_‰7“Cr`Ž‰oŠ–vbr.®orE^=ŒŽ‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒ³seb‹

®or.t^—b`a”ow»gG\eœqot—`cdv\_‰¤`cr.”olÔ`c–vr2‰7\_‰7”e^—b§^Àq7œ,`c–vr»x

~

xRser‹

Šqeseb\v˜!`crEŠ–v\vb§¬Wdvrœqot,Ó_\vb`cr {Ãb§^,®or.tc”Z–_‰7tsLlKbœ¸\vq7`bŒ‹

™CqW^c^—b“vrow'‚Gr.®or.t—`c–vr.rE^c^.loqodvt‡\KdvŒZr.tcb§Š.‰7etcrE^—dv`^‡ser.ŒZqo\e‹

^a`ct‰¤`cr=`c–_‰¤`El^—qoŒZr.¨+–_‰¤`À^—dvtc™vtcb§^—b\v˜o”olCb\Y‰7'Š.‰o^—rE^<Šqo\e‹

^—b§ser.tcrEs²b`=b§^=^—d2Šbr.\W`À`cq3Š–vqKqW^—r;{µrE¬Wd_‰7'`cq‰^—ŒŽ‰7

b\W`cr.˜or.t<b\Yqotser.t`cq»qo“e`‰7b\Y‰2œt‰7ŒZr‹r.tctcqotGt‰¤`cr¯°ˆ'f%h±

Šdvtc®or3¨+b`c–×–vb˜o–e‹~ ‚h“Cr.–_‰•®KbqotLZ¯ ~ ‚h

á

ü&%

àM

±­lGbTwrowl

¨+b`c–ŒŽ‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒÜseb®or.t^—b`a”ow

N Ç ¢¤£T7

¢•¢¤Ê_¢ î £e¡

ž É £

 EÍ° 

[]\`c–vb§^^—rEŠ­`cbqo\lv¨,r#™vtcq¤®Kb§ser<`a¨,q2‰7™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\_^%`cq

ˆ'f%hÙq7œ‡`c–vrŽ™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs3ƒ+h‹~ ƒ+uGiƒi,k ^cŠ–vr.ŒZrZ¨+b`c–

(4)

–vr.™_^Ô`c–vrx ~ x3serEŠqeser.t¸“K”Àtcr.ŒZq¤®Kb\v˜^—qoŒZr%[ ~ [­w¤„r`¸`c–vr

serEŠqeser.tGb\v™vde`‰¤œÝ`cr.tG˜or.\vbr‹]‰7b§serEs»b\W`cr.t—œr.tcr.\_ŠrÀtcr.ŒZq¤®¤‰7

“Cr#ŒZqeser.rEs*“K”

#

ñ ú #

# ¯p ±

¨+–vr.tcr*ð2Ï

< # <ý Ñ<ñ yol‡ð2Ï

<ú # <ý Ñ<ñ

=

‰7\_sm¨+–vr.tcr = b§^

`c–vr+^—b˜o\_‰7o`cq<b\W`cr.t—œr.tcr.\_Šr,™vd_^¸\vqob§^—r,t‰¤`cbq¯~ [a‚h±­w7¦Yr

ŒŽ‰7’or,‰<ïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\=‰7™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\#q7œe`c–vr,tcrE^—b§sed_‰7Wb\W`cr.t—‹

œr.tcr.\_Šr™vd_^%\vqob§^—r

#

‰7\_sŽ¨,rd_^—r+`c–vr<dv\vbqo\2“Cqodv\_sZ`cq

`c–vr=ˆ'f%hAq7œÔ`c–vr=ƒi,k´^cŠ–vr.ŒZrow'¦YrÀÓ_\_s¶Ïy {¤Ñ

«fŒZb\yoí

'

= P ý

n

¯ay { ±

¨+–vr.tcr!Üser.\vq7`crE^Ô`c–vr,œt‰7ŒZr,r.\v˜7`c–b\!`ctcr.b§^'^a`cr.™_^'‰7\_s

b§^À`c–vr»‰•®or.t‰7˜or\KdvŒ!“Cr.t=q7œ#"%$'&)(+*,=r.tctcqotÀr.®or.\W`^=‰¤`

^c¬Wd_‰7tcrEs*f‡d_Šb§serE‰7\seb§^a`‰7\_Šr P_w

£e¡E¥

Ë Í¡ ¢ 5ÊCÌ

É

Ë- 5.

[œ¨,r+‰o^c^—dvŒZr%`c–_‰¤``c–vr˜or.\vbrtcr.ŒZq¤®orE^¸‰7e[~ [­l•`c–vr.\ ²ñ

H ÿ

l‰7\_s»`c–vrïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\‰7™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\*qo\/

#

b§^Gr©v‰oŠ­`Ew

ƒ–vb§^b§^G`c–vr^—q7‹]Š.‰7rEs*ŒŽ‰¤`Š–vrEsK‹TÓ_`cr.t“Cqodv\_sLw[`<b§^\vq7`

‰7\*r©v‰oŠ­`+q¤¨,r.t,“Cqodv\_s^—b\_ŠrÀb\¶¯ay

{

±%¨,rÀd_^—r<`c–vrÀdv\vbqo\

“Cqodv\_sY¯°‰7\»dv™v™Cr.t“Cqodv\_s2q7œ¸‰!q¤¨,r.t%“Cqodv\_s»”Kbr.§sv^Ô¹ad_^a`

‰7\¿‰7™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\C±­w¿Gq¤¨,r.®or.tEl‡r©K`cr.\_^—b®or3^—bŒ!dv§‰¤`cbqo\

tcrE^—dv`^Gb\_seb§Š.‰¤`cr=`c–_‰¤`G`c–vrk3ˆ'uA”Kbr.§sv^‰7¨‰•”e^G‰Žq¤¨,r.t

“Cqodv\_s»`cqZ`c–vr=ˆ'f%h#w

Í 1 ž»Í°Ë

Ë 31 5ÊCÌ

É

Ë- ž 5.

[œ'¨,r#‰o^c^—dvŒZr`c–_‰¤``c–vr#˜or.\vbrÀ™vtcq¤®Kb§serE^%r©v‰oŠ­`GserEŠb§^—bqo\_^

qo\rE‰oŠ–^—dvtc®Kb®oqot#¯bTwrowl_`c–vr=k3k ~ f‹]…<ˆ'f«¨,qotc’e^dv\_ser.t

`c–vr#b§serE‰7Lœr.rEse“_‰oŠ’»‰o^c^—dvŒZ™e`cbqo\C±­lK`c–vr.\

²ñ r©e™0 9

â<;cý

áâ<;cý

\ $ y>=

ÿ@?

¯"AL±

%

P.A

ó yoþ ¯ayoy•±

¨+–vr.tcr

?

¯"AL±¨‰o^¸serÓ_\vrEs=“CrœqotcrowÔ[]\=`c–vb§^Š.‰o^—rol¤^—b\_Šr%`c–vr

`cr.tcŒ1

# b\Á¯p ±=Šqo\W`‰7b\_^=“Cq7`c–\vqob§^—r»‰7\_s‰7\W`cb‹]Š.‰7d_^c‰7

[ ~ [­l7`c–vr<ïÀ‰7d_^c^—b§‰7\Z€G™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\b§^‡\vq7`‡r©v‰oŠ­`EwYzdvb`cr

^—dvtc™vtcb§^—b\v˜o”olÔ^—bŒ!dv§‰¤`cbqo\_^#^—–vq¤¨ª`c–_‰¤`#`c–vb§^=‰7™v™vtcq•©ebŒŽ‰¤‹

`cbqo\«b§^Z®or.tc”m`cb˜o–W`2‰7\_sΙvtcrEseb§Š­`^Z®or.tc”ĉoŠ.Šdvt‰¤`cr.”¶`c–vr

ˆ'f%h¼™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šr3q7œ!qodvt^cŠ–vr.ŒZr²¨+b`c–A‰oŠ­`cd_‰7Àx ~ x

¯bTwrowlv¨+b`c–vqode`Gb§serE‰7ÔserEŠb§^—bqo\»œr.rEse“_‰oŠ’v±­w

2 Ç ç Ì&7

¢¤Í°¥o£

î

 EÌ

¡E 

[]\qotser.t#`cq3r.®¤‰7d_‰¤`cr2`c–vr2™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šr2q7œ`c–vr»™vtcq7‹

™CqW^—rEsŽ^—”e^a`cr.ŒlW^—bŒ!dv§‰¤`cbqo\_^‡¨,r.tcr+™Cr.t—œqotcŒZrEsb\Z`c–vr+œqo‹

q¤¨+b\v˜2Šqo\_seb`cbqo\_^.w%ƒ¨,qŽ[~ [Š–_‰7\v\vr.ŒZqeser.§^G‰7tcr=Šqo\e‹

^—b§ser.tcrEsL*‰Y^—”KŒ!“Cqo‹]^—™_‰oŠrEs<‹™_‰¤`c–Ί–_‰7\v\vr.¨+b`c–Ä`c–vr

rE¬Wd_‰7,^a`ctcr.\v˜7`c–m™_‰¤`c–_^!‰7\_sY`c–vr»™CrEserE^a`ctcb§‰7\mŠ–_‰7\v\vr.,u

Ïyoy Ñ œqot²`c–vr¿ƒ+…G‹ ~ i,…<k3€ z ï¾^a`‰7\_sv‰7tsÃÏy n•Ñw0ƒ–vr

gG\v˜or.tc“CqKrEŠ’ƒi,k ŠqeserE^‰7tcr=d_^—rEsœqotÀseb·r.tcr.\W`<ŒZqesK‹

dv§‰¤`cbqo\»^—q!‰o^'`cq!bŒZ™vr.ŒZr.\W`‰osv‰7™e`cb®orGŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\ŽrE‰o^a‹

b”ow<u,”*b˜o\vqotcb\v˜Ž`c–vr!qW^c^sedvr=`cq2º.r.tcq7‹™_‰osvseb\v˜_l+3 

b§^serÓ_\vrEs3‰o^43  Bñ

ü&%65

ü7 ñ 

68:9<;>=

ü7

¨+–vr.tcr=¨,r=d_^—rEs

ð8

~ ñ



68:9

=

w!ˆ¸b˜_wn ŠqoŒZ™_‰7tcrE^qodvt<™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs3^—”e^a‹

`cr.Œ³¨+b`c–Äq7`c–vr.tZ^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^=œqot ñ9n ϓvb`ŤŠ–wd_^—r Ñw¶¦Yr

^—™Cqo\_seb\v˜«qode`‰7˜orY™vtcqo“_‰7“vbb`a”¿b§^^—–vq¤¨+\לqot3ŠqoŒZ™_‰7t—‹

b§^—qo\w ~ bŒZb§‰7t»™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šrb§^»qo“e`‰7b\vrEs«“K”Ä`c–vr ~ ƒ,‹

u,[ci,k¾^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^Àq7œ#Ïn l |¤Ñ ‰7\_s²`c–vrŽ`ctcr.b§^ ~ ƒiÙ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr

q7œZÏÛ Ñ ¨+b`c–Ζvb˜o–vr.tŽŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”owÎu,q7`c–`c–vrE^—r^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^

d_^—r*‰7\mb`cr.t‰¤`cb®or»^—™_‰oŠr‹T`cbŒZrŽ`cdvtc“Cq3rE¬Wd_‰7bº.r.tŠqo\_^—b§^a`—‹

b\v˜Gq7œK`a¨,qG^—q7œÝ`—‹b\v™vde`¸^—q7œÝ`—‹qode`c™vde`¸k3€x3serEŠqeser.t^.w'j\vr

œqot=`c–vr»[ ~ [#Š–_‰7\v\vr.%¨+b`c–?¤‹ly | ‹<^a`‰¤`crE^Àœqot*Ïn•Ñl,ÏÛel |¤Ñ

‰7\_s¿‰7\vq7`c–vr.tZœqotŽ`c–vr`ctcr.b§^»Šqeser¯ay | ‹l zWn ‹]^a`‰¤`crE^œqot

Ïn l—Û

Ñ

lÔÏ

|¤Ñ

tcrE^—™CrEŠ­`cb®or.”v±­w+ƒ–vr!ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”»q7œ‡uGi,ÞWh‰7‹

˜oqotcb`c–vŒªb§^tcqodv˜o–v”À`a¨+b§Šr+‰o^'–vb˜o–Ž‰o^‰<½b`cr.tc“vb_serEŠqeser.t

‰7\_sŽÛ`cdvtc“Cq#b`cr.t‰¤`cbqo\_^‡‰7tcr™Cr.t—œqotcŒZrEsLw'ƒ–vr.tcrœqotcrol7qodvt

^cŠ–vr.ŒZrG¨+b`c–Z`c–vr |7} ‹]^a`‰¤`cr+ƒi,kÂqode`c™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ^'`c–vrb`cr.t—‹

‰¤`cb®or#^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^¨+b`c–*œ°‰7t+rE^c^+ŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”ow

ˆ¸b˜_wz ^—–vq¤¨G^#`c–vr*™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šr2q7œGqodvtx ~ xÙ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr

ŠqoŒZ™_‰7tcrEs`cqÚ`c–vrqode`‰7˜orA™vtcqo“_‰7“vbb`a”œqot×seb·r.tcr.\W`

ŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\!^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^q¤®or.t } ‹™_‰¤`c–#[~ [Š–_‰7\v\vr.7œqot ñ

n w }

‹]^a`‰¤`crZgG\v˜or.tc“CqKrEŠ’ƒi,k b§^Àd_^—rEsLwƒ¨,q‰7™v™vtcq•©eb‹

ŒŽ‰¤`cr+“Cqodv\_sv^‡‰o^'¨,r.v‰o^'`c–vrG^—bŒ!dv§‰¤`cbqo\tcrE^—dv`^'q7œLx ~ x

‰7\_sטor.\vbr‹]‰7b§serEsK‹]ser`crEŠ­`cqot2¨+b`c–Á™Cr.t—œrEŠ­`*œr.rEse“_‰oŠ’¿‰o^a‹

^—dvŒZ™e`cbqo\Á‰7tcr3™vtcq¤®Kb§serEsLwƒ–vrYx ~ x™vq7`^»‰7tcrœqodv\_s

“Cr`a¨,r.r.\¶`c–vr*k3ˆ'uډ7\_sY`c–vrïÀ€uډ7\_sY`c–vr.”¶Šqob\_Šb§ser

¨+b`c–`c–vr˜or.\vbr‹]‰7b§serEsK‹]ser`crEŠ­`cqot¸™vq7`^.w'ƒ–vb§^¸ŒZrE‰7\_^¸`c–_‰¤`

¨+b`c–ĉ7\mb\W`cr.tcrE‰•®or.t=ser.™e`c–{ ñÃ} `c–vr*serEŠb§^—bqo\YœtcqoŒ

^—dvtc®Kb®oqot^Zb§^*^—d2Šbr.\W`c”Îtcr.b§‰7“vr²^—qm`c–_‰¤`x ~ xŠqodv§s

r.bŒZb\_‰¤`cr™Cr.t—œrEŠ­`c”`c–vr[~ [­wW¦Yr<Š.‰7\Žqo“_^—r.tc®orG‰7§^—q#`c–_‰¤`

œqot'‰7\K”<ŒZqesedv§‰¤`cbqo\#`c–vr,˜W‰7™#“Cr`a¨,r.r.\#`c–vr,qode`‰7˜or‡™vtcqo“e‹

‰7“vbb`a”‰7\_s¶`c–vrx ~ xª™vq7`^!tcr.ŒŽ‰7b\_^Šqo\_^a`‰7\W`El¨+–vb§Š–

^—–vq¤¨G^`c–vr<qo™e`cbŒŽ‰7b`a”Zq7œqodvt,ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi΃i,k^cŠ–vr.ŒZr

¨+b`c–Z`a¨,qÀ`ct‰7\_^—ŒZb`%‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰o^'b\Z`c–vr^—r.\_^—rq7œ‰<`ct‰oser.q7·

“Cr`a¨,r.r.\seb®or.t^—b`a”2‰7\_s*Œ!dv`cb™vr©eb\v˜Ïy

z¤Ñ

w

ˆ¸b\_‰7”olKˆ¸b˜_w} ^—–vq¤¨G^‰ ñ¿} ‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰#^—”e^a`cr.ŒÙq¤®or.t

`c–vr#™CrEserE^a`ctcb§‰7\Š–_‰7\v\vr.u<w_ƒÔqŽŠqo\_^a`ctcd_Š­`G‰Zƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi

‰7tct‰•”ol+¨,r²Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEsy

|

‹]^a`‰¤`cr²gG\v˜or.tc“CqKrEŠ’«ƒi,k

‰7\_sm`c–vr*t‰¤`cr‹z Å } ï=j<…´Ï?ví } í |¤Ñ Ïy }7Ñ w¶f‡®or.\qo\Ή3tcr‹

‰7b§^a`cb§Š*Š–_‰7\v\vr.ŒZqeser.+¨+–vr.tcr»`c–vr\KdvŒ!“Cr.tZq7œ<^—r.™_‰7t‰¤‹

“vrŽ™_‰¤`c–mãKJ»b§^=^—ŒŽ‰7r.t<`c–_‰7\Y`c–vrŽ\KdvŒ!“Cr.t#q7œ™v–K”e^—b§Š.‰7

™_‰¤`c–_^.l¤`c–vr+x ~ x²–_‰o^'‰7ŒZqW^a`Ô`c–vr+^c‰7ŒZr^—qo™Cr+‰o^`c–vrqode`—‹

‰7˜or=™vtcqo“_‰7“vbb`a”*‰¤`–vb˜o–?3 

lC¨+–vb§Š–3^—–vq¤¨G^`c–_‰¤``c–vr

ŒŽ‰¤©ebŒ!dvŒ seb®or.t^—b`a”¶q7œ ãKJ²b§^Z‰oŠ–vbr.®orEsLwÄGq¤¨,r.®or.tEl

dv\vb’or!`c–vrtcrE^—dv`<b\Yˆ¸b˜_wz lC`c–vrZ˜W‰7™3“Cr`a¨,r.r.\`c–vrqode`—‹

‰7˜or<™vtcqo“_‰7“vbb`a”2‰7\_s»x ~ xÄb\_ŠtcrE‰o^—rE^‰o^‰Šqo\_^a`cr.§‰¤`cbqo\

“CrEŠqoŒZrE^§‰7tc˜or.tEw¸ƒ–vb§^œ°‰oŠ­`‡b§^‡¨,r.‹’K\vq¤¨+\Z‰7\_sb`%b§^%sedvr

`cqZ`c–vr#\vqo\e‹qo™e`cbŒŽ‰7b`a”Žq7œ‡ï=j<…<^œqot NA@

n Ïy z¤Ñ

w

B Ç Ê É ¥ ̸ EÍ°Ê

É

[]\¿`c–vb§^»™_‰7™Cr.tElG¨,r3™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs¿‰Šqo\_Š.‰¤`cr.\_‰¤`crEs¿ƒ+h‹

~ ƒ+uGiªƒi,k¾^cŠ–vr.ŒZrZœqot=^—b\v˜or‹]Š.‰7tctcbr.t<œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”Y^—r‹

rEŠ­`cb®orœ°‰oseb\v˜Š–_‰7\v\vr.Tw¸ƒ–_‰7\v’e^L`cq‰'¹aqob\W`ÔrE¬Wd_‰7bºE‰¤`cbqo\

‰7\_sÄserEŠqeseb\v˜¶‰7™v™vtcqW‰oŠ–l'qodvtZ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr‰oŠ–vbr.®orE^=Œ!d_Š–

q¤¨,r.tŠqoŒZ™vr©eb`a”»¨+b`c–²^—bŒZb§‰7tŤ^—dv™Cr.tcbqot™Cr.t—œqotcŒŽ‰7\_Šr

`c–_‰7\»q7`c–vr.t%™vtcqo™CqW^—rEs2^cŠ–vr.ŒZrE^‡¨+b`c–2`c–vrÀ^c‰7ŒZr<^—™CrEŠ­`ct‰7

r42Šbr.\_Š”ow‡€^G‰7\‰7™v™vb§Š.‰¤`cbqo\*q7œ'qodvtGƒ+h‹~ ƒ+uGi¿ƒi,k

^cŠ–vr.ŒZrole¨,rÀŠ.‰7\»r.\K®Kb§^c‰7˜or<‰k[~ jseq¤¨+\»b\v’»^cŠr.\_‰7tcbq

^—d_Š–¶‰o^#ƒ+…G‹~ i,…<k3€=w¸ƒ–vb§^#^—”e^a`cr.Œ¼b§^#“_‰o^—rEs²qo\¶^—q7`—‹

`crEs׬Wd_‰o^—b‹]^—”K\_Š–vtcqo\vqod_^2i,…<k3€‰¤`²yown ?mk3Š–vb™Å¤^3¯ê

(5)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 −4

10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0

SNR[dB]

FER

Outage probability TR−STBC with 16−state TCM

2[bit/Hz/sec]

Zhou−Giannakis, Liu−Fitz−Takeshita

TR−STBC with 64−state TCM

block size = 256[info.bits]

2Tx antenna systems over 2−path ISI channel

16 state, # iter = 5

RTSUV[\!ca9b,Sg,\FS,h c\!b,ij]\!cZi g,]_hicig

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

10 −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0

FER

SNR[dB]

128[symbol/block]

2Tx antenna TR−STBC over 4−path ISI channel

Macthed Filter Bound Genie−aided−detector PSP(D=4)

QPSK 8PSK

analysis

simulation 32cross

Outage Probablity

16QAM

4state−Ungerboeck TCM

Genie−Aided Bound

RTSUVo[\!ca9b,Sg,\FS,h \!f_a9U!ib,\aSZS

n k3Gº“_‰7\_se¨+b§sK`c–C±­w!€Ú^—q7`#^a`ctcd_Š­`cdvtcr¯| ä7Û^±b§^Gœqo‹

q¤¨+b\v˜_Ô`a¨,q=“vqeŠ’e^‡q7œ z Û n Š–vb™_^,‰7tcr^—r.™_‰7t‰¤`crEsZ“K”*y }o}

Š–vb™_^ÀŒZb§sv‰7Œ!“vrœqot#Š–_‰7\v\vr.rE^a`cbŒŽ‰¤`cbqo\w€,`#`c–vrZr.\_s

q7œ‡`c–vrŽ^—rEŠqo\_s“vqeŠ’l'y

|

Š–vb™_^<q7œ%˜od_‰7tsb\W`cr.tc®¤‰7¯Tï<[—±

‰7tcr‰osvserEs=œqot^—q7`‡^—r.™_‰7t‰¤`cbqo\w¦¿b`c–y n ?Š–vb™_^'™vd_^y |

Š–vb™_^<q7œ,ï<[!¯Ý`cq7`‰7y }o} Š–vb™_^±+¨,rZŠ.‰7\3rE^a`cbŒŽ‰¤`crrE‰o^—b”

} Š–_‰7\v\vr.§^q7œ<r.\v˜7`c–Ay | Š–vb™_^b\Î`c–vr*œtcrE¬Wdvr.\_Š”Äseq7‹

ŒŽ‰7b\l_d_^—b\v˜Ž‰7\ˆ'ˆ'ƒAq7œ'r.\v˜7`c–¶y n ?vw‡ˆvqotGr©v‰7ŒZ™vrole¨,r

Š.‰7\׉7™v™v”Ät‰¤`cr‹z Å } ƒ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGiœqot } ‰7\W`cr.\v\_‰o^Ž¨+b`c–

‰ ?¤‹]x ~y ƒi,kŠqeserowg^—b\v˜ ñ ä | l%ã ó y ñ y | l

‰7\_s



69 ñ³n l,`c–vr²tcrE^—dv`cb\v˜^—™CrEŠ­`ct‰7r42Šbr.\_Š”Îb§^.

~ ñ r



69 ñ yoþ{ Û | ϓvb`ŤŠ–vb™ Ñw<ƒ–vb§^”Kbr.§sv^!yoþn ?

k“Ť^Gqo\3‰2^—b\v˜or!Š.‰7tctcbr.tEw+j\`c–vtcr.r!Š.‰7tctcbr.t^#¯rE¬Wdvb®¤‰¤‹

r.\W`%`cq=`c–vr#Û#k3GºÀf‡dvtcqo™CrE‰7\Žgk3ƒ ~ ±­lK¨,rqo“e`‰7b\ z þ? }

k“Ť^.l7¨,r.v“Cr.”oqo\_s=`c–vr`‰7tc˜or`'q7œ n k“Ť^.wÔ¦YrGŠ.‰7\ZŠqo\e‹

Šd_ser‡`c–_‰¤`¸qodvtԃ+h‹ ~ ƒ+uGi²ƒi,kÃ^cŠ–vr.ŒZr%Š.‰7\#“Cr,‰+˜oqKqes

0 4 8 12 16 20

10 −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0

FER

SNR[dB]

114 [symbol/block]

4Tx antennaTR−STBC over Pedestrian channel

PSP(D=6)

QPSK 8PSK

32cross

Outage Probability

16QAM

16state−Ungerboeck TCM

3.8dB 4.2dB 5dB 5.4dB

RTSUV,b_ag,cSFa,i !ag" g",ic \$#4ib&%Ti`ig",b,Sa ]_ha!iZ

î ¢ KÉ

¥  

'

W(*)FV+ V,a9b,g,g,\.-/%TV0,\!S] a-1)FV, S`g,^!\!U!-ma`32V, S4-6507a9]i8

,Sci9Z\>]_^ ]\>`SUmd\!bTdb,i :>fi ]78ƒg,iZi],S#4iF]_ha!iZg$-;=<?>@ A

BDCE4EFGEHI"JKJKJMLN"OPQ RSHPUTVCN"F$WF$QQXYHBDBDP

>

PZR -Z[F\$#4ic8

ib&\\ V

'

(]0 V^ h\!fpa`3+ VX&V+&Sa!a9^>Sg$-_50>SU!Zi8ƒ] a9b,b,Sibg`a9]i84,Sci

Z\>]_^]\>`i`a,b_ag,cSg,g,S\g\$#4ibFdb,i :>fi ]78ƒg,Zi],S#4iYda9`SU

]_ha!iZg$-;

I"JKJKJbLN"OPQ RYHPaIPcHNBR/LedFHNf

-#4\!ZV!g-! V

W$hi Wjg-Z24a>fa9b"V\\!o V

'

o(lkYV)Zm+ja9ca9Z4-on VpmVk&a9cc\g$-UqV, Sf.-orqV%TVRTS`s- a`

t VqVuFa9^!ig,hS_a-&5 t v,him`ig,SU\9dg`a9]i84,Scija`g`a9]i8

db,i :>fi ]d\!b[cSc\&db,i :>fi ]g,iZi],S#4i&da9`SUY]_ha!iZg$-;

<?>@

BDCE4EFGEHI"JKJKJMLN"OPQ ReIPcH7R&LedFHNf

-n/b,SZ.\\ W!V

'

(xw V[h\!S&a`y2VrqV[S\za-{5rfZ,SZi S!f|$cfZ,SZi\!f"8

f$}cSc\7~Ti :>fa9ZSs a,S\ d\!b g`a9]i84,Sci/Z\>]_^]\>`SU!-; CP



N"H$€RI"JKJKJ



O€$C‚K€ƒ„CB…XYHPc R†XYHBDB

>

PZR‡ˆXYHB/‰

>

EF$NQ

OP?G

< CŠ7R



N"H$€R

-! V oWi o!-W$ggg V

(xqV, Sf.-rqV%TVRTS`s- a`

t VqVuFa9^!ig,hS_a-507a9]i84,SciY]\>`ig

ibd\!b,ca]i ]b,S,ib,Sa a``ig,SU d\!bdb,i :>fi ] g,iZi],S#4i

da9`SUm]_ha!iZg$-;

IX„X1ŒŽŽ



N"H$€FFGCPŠ

-#4\!ZV7g-! V\\$i

\!-?\\ W!V

'

h(*n Vt VX[ib",hi$-†pmV‘jSg,\s-a`b2V2VX[\!f,b,\!g$-’507a9]i84,Sci

X”“"9r]#4ib,g,fg6g`a9]i84,Sci•,b,iZZSg ]\>`i;d\!b–ra“—r t Z\>]_^

da9`SU cfZ,Sa,h˜newy+[]_ha!iZ4-;™

N"H$€R„CP˜IL/TVŽŽš

-

r a9b,]_hV\\!o V

'

j$(]+ VS›&U!ib` \>i]_^?-y5`ub,iZZSg"8ƒ]\>`i`qc\>`fZa,S\•FS,hqb,i`f!8

`aYg,SUa9ZTg,i,g V.“œ“,b,\>`f],S\.-;

I"JKJKJXYHBDB

>

PZRž–OŠ7R

-

#4\!ZV

‹

-\V-! V ‹i W!W- W$gj>V

'

(x‘VuTa9b,\!^>h.-!kYV24a$da9b,^>haS4-a`†n VpmV a9Z`ib`a^?-/507a9]i8

,Sci9Z\>]_^]\>`ig[db,\!c@\!b",h\!U!\a9Z `ig,SUg$-;

I"JKJKJŸLN"OPQ R

HPIPcHNBRDLedFHNf -S#4\!ZV

‹

-Y\V

‹

-Y! V[W

‹

h$i W hj7-92!fZ

W$ggg V

'

g(]+ V V ma9Zih.-5[ha!iZi :>fa9ZSs a,S\ d\!bSZ\>]_^1,b_ag,cSg,g,S\

g" g",icg$-;

I"JKJKJo¡!R

<

F$WF€$E—R¢/N"FOQVXYHBDB

>

PZR

-?#4\!ZVTW o-Z\V

W-!! V W!W$\$i W$ W-.24a>fa9b"6W$gg

‹ V

'

W$\(=+ V a9Sb,i a`£+ V[\!Za #4\!Z i-¤5 t g`a9]i84,Sci6]\>`SU d\!b

:>fa9g,S8ƒg"_a,S][cfZ,SZi8Ca,i !a&]_ha!iZg$-;

I"JKJKJ£LN"OPQ RZHP

IPcHNBRKLedFHNf

-#4\!ZVg-\Vh-! VW \\$i W W$h-!2!f!i„\\!o V

'

W!W(V“u&›-35pi]!V“u&›„8—p&r}W$

‹

-&+&fS`iZSigd\!bi#!a9Zfa,S\ \9d

b_a9`S\,b_ag,cSg,g,S\,i]_h!\!Z\!U!SigFd\!b„“—rau98—\\\-; W$ggj>V

'

W$(=Kwyu/0?-M5`%h g,S] a9Zj]_ha!iZg a`ca!SUq\9d1,b_ag` \!b"

]_ha!iZgj\,\vh g,S] a9Z]_ha!iZg$-;¥#4\!ZVu/0a&W$\‘mo V\ V\ V-

W$ggg V

'W o(V,V^ hi U2a`U¦ V[YV&Vug,i-§5¦&S#4ib,g,S a`cfZ,SZi SU!œ

n df!`a9ci _a9Z/,b_a9`i\¨ S cfZ,SZi8Ca,i !aq]_ha!iZg$-;

I"JKJKJ£LN"OPQ RZHPIPcHNBRKLedFHNf

-#4\!ZVg-\V

‹

-! V W$\j9o$i

W$\gh-?r a V\\!o V

'

W (V©&fi8CX[S§, SaU!-ª5 t b",h\!U!\a9Z `ig,SUgyFS,h ca Sca9Z

b_a,ig$-; Q

>@

BDCE4EFGvEHI"JKJKJbLN"OPQ RYHPaIPcHNBR/LedFHNf

V

Références

Documents relatifs

To conclude, both the mobile device component and the gateway component of H OOP can run efficiently: the processing capabilities of the devices and the gateways are sufficient to

This section addresses practical block and convolutional codes which attain maximum code diversity ( d FH ) for a given number of uncorrelated blocks and information rate.. If

In this paper, we propose a new encoding scheme, based on the generalisation of Gabidulin codes to innite elds, which enables a polynomial time decoding.. This construction gives

Again, we can start with a principal fiber bundle with structure group the inhomogeneous Galilei group or its central extension and derive the space-time structure

Secondly, we consider a specific modulation based on the sparse Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) that fulfills the EGC and considerably reduces the complexity of the symplectic

Dans le chapitre 4, nous étudions le taux réalisable des codes g-group decodable pour un type spécifique de ma- trices de code qui inclut la majorité des STBC proposés dans

Because full rate and full diversity O-STBC only exist for 2 transmit antenna schemes, channel coded NO-STBC associated with the proposed receiver seems to be suitable for

Index Terms— DVB-T2, Rotated and Cyclic Q Delayed (RCQD) Modulations, Signal Space Diversity (SSD), Fading Channel, Quadrature Amplitude Modulations (QAM), Max-Log,