An Ontology-based Algorithm for Managing the Evolution of Multi-Level Territorial Partitions

HAL Id: hal-01929649

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929649

Submitted on 21 Nov 2018

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Copyright

An Ontology-based Algorithm for Managing the Evolution of Multi-Level Territorial Partitions

Camille Bernard, Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau, Marlène Villanova-Oliver, Jérôme Gensel, Hy Dao

To cite this version:

Camille Bernard, Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau, Marlène Villanova-Oliver, Jérôme Gensel, Hy Dao.

An Ontology-based Algorithm for Managing the Evolution of Multi-Level Territorial Partitions. 26th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2018), Nov 2018, Seattle, WA, United States. 2018, �10.1145/3274895.3274944�. �hal- 01929649�

An Ontology-based Algorithm for Managing the Evolution of Multi-Level Territorial Partitions

Camille Bernard

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France camille.bernard@imag.fr

Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau

LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés(LIENSs),France christine.plumejeaud-perreau@ univ-lr.fr

Marlène Villanova-Oliver

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France marlene.villanova-oliver@imag.fr

Jérôme Gensel

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France jerome.gensel@imag.fr

Hy Dao

Univ. of Geneva, Switzerland hy.dao@unige.ch

P16

ALGORITHM FOR CHANGE DETECTION

Generic algorithm for automatic matching and changes detection between two TSN’s

versions [Plumejeaud, 2010]

CONTEXT

TSN change over time, for political or

administrative reasons MAUP + TIME

PROPOSITIONS ^{t t+1}

Classic solution:

Access to statistical data in the latest territorial

division version only

Describe changes Who, What, Where,

When, Why, How ? Understand dynamics

version t version t+1

OUR APPROACH

Source maps: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:France_assembly_vote.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:France_22_regions_map.svg

Fusion

Presidency of François

Hollande

Cost Saving

France

Administrative Divisions

Regions Change event

Law Nº 2015-29 of January 16, 2015

2016

Semantic Web

✓ Europe - Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 4 versions, 4 levels, 7619 geographic units

122,000 resources describing European Units

39,306 resources describing matching and changes http://purl.org/steamer/nuts

WHAT’S NEXT?

Source : Visualizing geospatial changes over time. On GItHub https://github.com/blog/1772-diffable-more-customizable-maps

Geo-visualisation of

Territorial Changes Over Time on the basis of

GitHub, Inc. initiatives 5 Districts

5 Blue 0 Red

50 people

60% Blue 40% Red

5 Districts

2 Blue 3 Red

Territorial Statistical Nomenclatures (TSN) are hierarchies of territorial divisions (e.g., district, sub-

district levels) defined with the purpose of collecting and presenting

statistical data.

http://purl.org/net/tsn#

covers isCoveredBy has

Version isVersionOf

Nomenclature Version

LevelVersion

has

Division isDivisionOf

Nomenclature

hasMember isMemberOf

UnitVersion

Territory Version A generic model for

Territorial Statistical Nomenclature in the LOD

Web

TSN ONTOLOGY

1

MULTI-LEVEL CHANGE BRIDGES

A graph structure to navigate through the TSN versions + observe the propagation of a change event through the levels

3

4

ES62’ ES63’

ES62’’

ES63’’

ES64’’

ES62’ ES63’ ES62’’

ES63’’

ES64’’

Iterations of the algorithm BeforeK AfterK

(1) (ES63’)

(2) (ES63’’, ES64’’)

(3) (ES63’)

(1) (2)

(3)

Identifying clusters of changes

Builds through iterations two sets of units BeforeK and AfterK. Adds successively to the sets, units that intersect ones in the other version. Stops when one set (BeforeK or AfterK) remains identical between two iterations.

4.2

Extraction

Appearance ES63’

UnitChange

Contraction Name Change LevelChange

Level 2’

Nomenclature Version 1999

StructureChange

input

Appearance Disappearance

Identifier Change

lowerChange

output

SubUnit Change

LevelChange

isMember Of

isMemberOf hasSuper

Feature

Level 2’’

ES63’’

ES64’’

ES631’ ES630’’

Level 3’ Level 3’’

Nomenclature Version 2003

Uses relations between units in order to link changes through the TSN levels

4.3

Author Steve Nass

ACM SIGSPATIAL 2018 Seattle WA 2018-11-7

Two Spanish enclaves in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla considered as one unit in NUTS 1999 ; split in two in NUTS 2003

Input Two lists V’ and V’’ of units u’ and u’’, all units being at one Level l.

Output A RDF graph describing Matching and Changes on Units

Change example in the EuroStat geographic nomenclature

http://purl.org/net/tsnchange#

TSN-CHANGE ONTOLOGY

A set of tags to describe changes in

TSN over time, in the LOD Web

2

StructureChange

Hierarchy Restructuration Geometry

Restructuration Identification

Restructuration

Merge Split Redistribution Integration Extraction Rectification

Scission Reallocation Derivation

Fusion

Continuation

tsn:

UnitVersion

tsnchange:

upperChange

tsn:

UnitVersion tsnchange:

before tsnchange:

after tsnchange:

Change

tsnchange:

Change

tsnchange:

lowerChange tsnchange:

isCausedBy

owl:Thing rdfs:Literal

tsnchange:

date tsnchange:

Change

RESULTS

Automatize detection & semantic description of TSN changes: feature by feature + cluster of changes + chain of changes + 2 case studies

State

Region

District

Sub-district

NUTS Version 2003 - Level 2

MOROCCO

SPAIN

ES63 - Ceuta & Melilla

NUTS Version 1999 - Level 2

ES63 - Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta

ES64 - Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla

Linking changes through the levels Matchings of territorial units

Which attributes may vary, in which proportion, before the entity loses its identity?

Solution - configurable identity test in 3 steps:

1. An expert defines which attributes hold the identity of the units ID? Name? Geom? Super Unit?

2. For each attribute: a specific Comparison Operator is defined

to measure distance between the two versions:

| u'.attribute - u’’.attribute|

3. Coefficients assigned to attributes = define in which proportion attributes can vary before unit loses its identity. E.g:

Match?

ES62’’ ES63’’

ES64’’

ES62’ ES63’

Version V’’

Version V’

4.1

α _k

1/3 * ( u′ . geom − u′′ . geom ) + 1/6 * ( u′ . name − u′′ . name ) 1/3 * ( u′ . identifier − u′′ . identifier )+

where

F(α ₁ , identifier), (α ₂ , geom), (α ₃ , name) α ₁ = 1/3,α ₂ = 1/3,α ₃ = 1/6

✓Australia - Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2 versions, 4 levels, 5356 geographic units

Influence of the partition on data [Openshaw & Taylor]

MODIFIABLE AREAL UNIT PROBLEM (MAUP)

Modifiable Areal Unit Potential [Grasland and Madelin]

Data are not comparable due to potential changes of the

territorial units over time