Emerging Business Models for Scholarly Journals: The Library Perspective

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Emerging Business Models for Scholarly Journals: The Library Perspective

Lisa Goddard

Memorial University Libraries

June 2^nd, 2013 • Victoria, BC

Canadian Association of Learned Journals

Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2013 http://research.library.mun.ca/1746/

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Terms: Green vs. Gold

OA Journals

• Immediate global access to content

• May have APCs OA Repositories

• Subscription journals

• Author self-archiving

• May have embargo

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Legislative Environment

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Government Policy - US

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Government Policy - UK

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International Policy

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Canadian OA Mandates

• Canadian Institutes of Health Research

• National Research Council

• International Development Research Centre

• Ontario Institute of Cancer Research

• Fonds de recherche du Québec

• Canadian Health Services Research Foundation

• Heart and Stroke Foundation

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SSHRC

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Tri-Council Policies

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Green OA Models

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Research Repository

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Download Stats

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Alt-Metrics

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Green OA Growth

62% of 1250 publishers in Sherpa/Romeo

allow the archiving of post-prints or publisher

PDFs.

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Licensing

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Self-Archiving Post-Prints

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MLA Self-Archiving Policy

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Self-Archiving Publisher PDF

…

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Self-Archiving Policies

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Why Green OA?

• Keep current business model

• Comply with funding agency mandates

• Increase visibility of articles

• Increase number of citations

• Make authors happy

• Long term preservation

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Gold “Hybrid” Models

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Hybrid OA

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Transparent Pricing

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OA Vouchers

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Free OA for Subscribers

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Delayed OA

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Why Hybrid?

• Collect subscriptions and APCs

• Provide an author pays option for funded researchers

• Add value for subscribers

• OA transition strategy

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Serials Expenditures

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Bundled Pricing

• Pricing at bundle level

• Difficult for libraries to control pricing

• Unbundled journals are vulnerable

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Scholarly Societies

For scholarly

societies, the status quo is not a good

alternative. Doing nothing is a failing strategy.

- Shieber, 2013

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Gold OA Models

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Gold OA Journal Growth

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Number of OA Journals 2000-2011

Approximately 10 - 12% of

academic

journals are

Gold OA.

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OA Growth by Publisher Type

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Gold OA w/ APC

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Author Processing Charges

• Avg APC in 2010 = $905

• Range = $8 - $3900

Higher = commercial publisher, high impact factor, biomedicine

Lower = scholarly societies, developing countries, SSH

- Solomon & Bjork, 2012

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Author Processing Charges

OA Journals with APC OA Journals without APC 0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

OA Journals 2011

OA Articles with APC OA Articles without APC 0

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000

OA Articles 2011

- Laakso and Björk (2012)

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OA Mega Journals

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All You Can Publish

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Low Fee SSH Journal

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Library Support for Gold OA

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OA Funds in Canada

• U Toronto

• Queen’s

• U Calgary

• SFU

• Concordia

• Brock

• U Manitoba

• Ottawa U

• Ryerson

• U Victoria

• York

• Memorial

• U Sask

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OA Fund @ Memorial

• $55 000 spent in FY 2013/14.

• Faculty and graduate students ($3000/yr).

• Max $3000 per article.

• Gold OA only (no hybrid).

• Publisher invoices library directly.

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APCs

• Avoids problem of bundles

• One time cost

• Broader access = higher value

• Costs linked to institutional

output

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OA Memberships

$3000/yr unlimited publishing No discount, but direct

quarterly invoicing.

10%

discount and direct

invoicing. $5000 pre-pay

10 article pre-pay @

$99 ea

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SCOAP

³

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OA Journal Hosting

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Digitization of Paper Run

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What Can You Do?

• Delayed OA

• Free OA for subscribers

• Gold OA

• Library hosting

& digitization

• Develop a self- archiving policy

• Submit your policy to

Sherpa/Romeo

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