Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends

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Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three

essential oil blends

Amandine Brochot, Angèle Guilbot, Laïla Haddioui, Christine Roques

To cite this version:

Amandine Brochot, Angèle Guilbot, Laïla Haddioui, Christine Roques. Antibacterial, antifungal,

and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. MicrobiologyOpen, Wiley, 2017, 6 (4), pp.1-6.

�10.1002/mbo3.459�. �hal-01883640�

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This is an author-deposited version published in :

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To link to this article : DOI:10.1002/mbo3.459

URL :

https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.459

To cite this version :

Brochot, Amandine and Guilbot, Angèle and Haddioui, Laïla and Roques,

Christine

Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil

blends. (2017) Microbiology Open, 6 (4). 1-6. ISSN 2045-8827

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O R I G I N A L R E S E A R C H

Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential

oil blends

Amandine Brochot

1

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Abstract

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|_ov;u;vbv|-m||o1omˆ;m|bom-Ѵ-m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ-];m|vĺvv;m|b-ѴobѴvŐvő-u;hmo‰m=ou

|_;bu-m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹ĺ&vbm]|_;0uo|_lb1uo7bѴ†|boml;|_o7ķ‰;v_o‰;7|_-|ŐƐő

|‰o†mbt†;0Ѵ;m7vo=Cinnamomum zeylanicumķDaucus carotaķEucalyptus globulus-m7

Rosmarinus officinalis

vŐƐ-m7Ƒĸ1bmm-lomv=uol|‰o7b==;u;m|v†rrѴb;uvő

‰;u;-1|bˆ;-]-bmv||_;=o†u|;;mu-lŊrovb|bˆ;-m7Ŋm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-v|u-bmv|;v|;7ķ

bm1Ѵ†7bm] vol; -m|b0bo|b1Ŋu;vbv|-m| v|u-bmvĺ bmbl-Ѵ bm_b0b|ou‹ 1om1;m|u-|bomv Ővő

u-m];7=uolƏĺƏƐѷ|oƒѷˆņˆ‰b|_lbmbl-Ѵ0-1|;ub1b7-Ѵ1om1;m|u-|bomv=uolƺƏĺƏƐѷ|o

ѵĺƏƏѷˆņˆĸŐƑő-0Ѵ;m7o=Cinnamomum zeylanicumķDaucus carota, Syzygium aromaticum,

Origanum vulgare

 v ‰-v -m|b=†m]-Ѵ |o |_; vbŠ Candida v|u-bmv |;v|;7ķ ‰b|_ v

u-m]bm]=uolƏĺƏƐѷ|oƏĺƏƔѷˆņˆ‰b|_lbmbl-Ѵ=†m]b1b7-Ѵ1om1;m|u-|bomv=uolƏĺƏƑѷ

|oƏĺƏƔѷˆņˆĺѴ;m7Ɛ‰-v-Ѵvo;==;1|bˆ;-]-bmv|ƐƐ-m7"(Ɛˆbu†v;vĺ)b|_|_bv

7†-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹ķ-]-bmv|ƐƐ-m7-]-bmv|S. aureus-m7S. pneumoniaemo|-0Ѵ‹ķƐl-‹

0; bm|;u;v|bm] |o |u;-| bm=Ѵ†;mŒ- -m7 rov|bm=Ѵ†;mŒ- 0-1|;ub-Ѵ rm;†lomb- bm=;1|bomvĺ

$_;v;0Ѵ;m7v1o†Ѵ70;ˆ;u‹†v;=†Ѵbm1Ѵbmb1-Ѵru-1|b1;|o1ol0-|1ollombm=;1|bomv

bm1Ѵ†7bm]|_ov;1-†v;70‹lb1uoou]-mbvlvu;vbv|-m||o-m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ7u†]vĺ

  + )  ! " -m|blb1uo0b-ѴvķE. coliķ †m]bķbm=;1|bomķˆbu†v;v

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m|blb1uo0b-Ѵu;vbv|-m1;rov;v-v;ubo†v|_u;-||o|_;;==;1|bˆ;|u;-|Ŋ l;m| o= -m ;ˆ;uŊbm1u;-vbm] u-m]; o= bm=;1|bomv 1-†v;7 0‹ 0-1|;ub-ķ =†m]b -m7 ˆbu†v;vĺ )ouѴ7‰b7;ķ -m|b0bo|b1 u;vbv|-m1; bv bm1u;-vbm]ĺ ou ;Š-lrѴ;ķ Escherichia coliķ Klebsiella pneumoniaeķ Streptococcus

pneumoniae _-ˆ; u;rou|;7 u;7†1;7 -m|b0bo|b1 v†v1;r|b0bѴb|‹ķ ‰_b1_

;Š1;;7;7 ƔƏѷ bm lov| 1o†m|ub;v |_-| ruoˆb7;7 7-|- |o |_; ) m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ!;vbv|-m1;Ѵo0-Ѵ!;rou|om"†uˆ;bѴѴ-m1;Ő)ķƑƏƐƓőĺ -m7b7b-vbv_-v-Ѵvo0;1ol;v†0v|-m|b-ѴѴ‹ruo0Ѵ;l-|b1ķ‰b|_Candida

albicansv_o‰bm]bm1u;-v;7u;vbv|-m1;|o1ollom-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-];m|v

Őom1-Ѵˆ;vķ "o†Œ-ķ _o‰7_-u‹ķ ;bvķ ş oѴol0oķ ƑƏƐѵĸ -‰v;u ş o†]Ѵ-vķƐƖƖƔőĺ$_;u;1;m|r-m7;lb1o=-moˆ;ѴƐƐbm=Ѵ†;mŒ-

ˆbu-Ѵ v|u-bm -m7 ;l;u]bm] v|u-bmv u;vbv|-m| |o 1ollomѴ‹ †v;7 -m|bŊ _;ur;vvblrѴ;Š7u†]v-Ѵvo;lr_-vbŒ;v|_;m;;7|ob7;m|b=‹;==;1|bˆ; -rruo-1_;v|oru;ˆ;m|-m7|u;-|ˆbu-Ѵbm=;1|bomvŐobˆbmķƑƏƐƒĸ-l;v şub1_-u7ķƑƏƐƓőĺ

$_bv bm1u;-vbm] u;vbv|-m1; _-v 1u;-|;7 - m;;7 |o 7;ˆ;Ѵor m;‰ -m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ-];m|vĺvv;m|b-ѴobѴvŐvő-u;]oo71-m7b7-|;v-vv|†7Ŋ b;v _-ˆ; v_o‰m |_-| bm7bˆb7†-Ѵ v -m7 |_;bu bvoѴ-|;7 1olro†m7vķ bm1Ѵ†7bm] |;ur;m;v -m7 |;ur;mob7v ŐƐķѶŊ1bm;oѴ;ķ 1-uˆ-1uoѴő -m7 -uoŊ l-|b11olro†m7vŐ1bmm-l-Ѵ7;_‹7;-m7;†];moѴő_-ˆ;-m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ -1|bˆb|‹-]-bmv|-‰b7;u-m];o=r-|_o];mvķ‰b|_ˆ-ubo†vvr;1|u†lv o= -1|bˆb|‹ Ő-vvoѴ; ş†Ѵb-mbķ ƑƏƐƑĸ ub;7l-mķ ;mbh-ķ ş -m7u;ѴѴķ ƑƏƏƑĸ-m|-mķ-ublo_-u-lķ"-m|_-m-lķş-l-ѴķƑƏƏѶőĺ$_;-m|bŊ lb1uo0b-Ѵ;==;1|vo=v-u;Ѵbmh;7|o|_;bu1olrovb|bom-m71‹|o|oŠb1

;==;1|vķ ‰_b1_ 1-†v; 1;ѴѴ l;l0u-m; 7-l-];ĺ  1olro†m7v -u; Ѵbror_bѴb1ķ-m7vor-vv|_uo†]_|_;1;ѴѴ‰-ѴѴ-m71‹|orѴ-vlb1l;lŊ 0u-m;ĺ$_;‹7bvu†r||_;v|u†1|†u;o=|_;roѴ‹v-11_-ub7;ķ=-||‹-1b7ķ -m7r_ovr_oѴbrb7Ѵ-‹;uvķl-hbm]|_;l;l0u-m;r;ul;-0Ѵ;Ő-hh-Ѵbķ ˆ;u0;1hķˆ;u0;1hķ ş 7-ol-uķ ƑƏƏѶőĺ &m=ou|†m-|;Ѵ‹ķ v 7o mo| vr;1b=b1-ѴѴ‹|-u];|r-|_o];mvĸ|_;‹1-m-Ѵvo-==;1|;†h-u‹o|b11;ѴѴvbm -u;ˆ;uvb0Ѵ;oubuu;ˆ;uvb0Ѵ;l-mm;uŐ-uvomķ-ll;uķş!bѴ;‹ķƑƏƏѵőĺ m;Š|u;l;1-v;vķ1‹|o|oŠb1b|‹1-mѴ;-7|o-ror|ovbvķm;1uovbvķ-m7 ou]-m=-bѴ†u;Ő$bvv;u-m7ş+o†m]ķƑƏƐƒőĺ$_;u;=ou;ķv_-ˆ;|o0; †v;71-u;=†ѴѴ‹ķ‰b|_bm|_;7-bѴ‹bm|-h;Ѵblb|v7;=bm;70‹|_;u;Ѵ;ˆ-m| -†|_oub|b;v‰_;m-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;Ő-m7ƑƏƐƏķƑƏƐƐĸ -m7 )ƑƏƏƒőĺ $_u;;7b==;u;m|0Ѵ;m7v‰;u;=oul†Ѵ-|;7ķ|-hbm]bm|o-11o†m| |_;vr;1b=b1-1|bˆb|‹o=;-1_ĺ$_;=buv||‰oŐƐ-m7Ƒő1om|-bm;7 v=uolCinnamomum zeylanicumķDaucus carotaķEucalyptus

glob-ulusķ-m7Rosmarinus officinalisķ‰_b1_7b==;u;7omѴ‹bm|_-||_;1bmŊ

m-lom v ‰;u; ruoˆb7;7 0‹ |‰o 7b==;u;m| v†rrѴb;uvĺ $_;v; v ‰;u;v;Ѵ;1|;7=ou|_;bu-m|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ;==;1|v|_-|_-70;;mo0v;uˆ;7ķ ;b|_;u bm7bˆb7†-ѴѴ‹ ou bm r-buvķ bm ru;ˆbo†vѴ‹ r†0Ѵbv_;7 v|†7b;v Ő=ou u;ˆb;‰ v;; -vvoѴ; ş †Ѵb-mbķ ƑƏƐƑőĺ Eucalyptus globulus -m7

Cinnamomum Zeylanicumv-Ѵvo_-ˆ;0;;mu;rou|;7|o_-ˆ;-m|bŊ

ˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹Őv|-mbķ!;b1_Ѵbm]ķş"1_mb|ŒѴ;uķƑƏƐƏĸ;ul;ѴѴbķ -0boķ -0boķş †-]ѴboķƑƏƏѶĸ(bl-Ѵ-m-|_-mş†7vomķƑƏƐƓőĺ$_;|_bu7 0Ѵ;m7 Ő ő 1om|-bm;7 v =uol Cinnamomum zeylanicumķ Daucus

carotaķ Syzygium aromaticumķ Origanum vulgareķ ‰_b1_ -u; hmo‰m

=ou|_;bu-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹Ő_-mş_l-7ķƑƏƐƐĸbm|oķ(-Ѵ;Ŋ"bѴˆ-ķ -ˆ-Ѵ;buoķ ş "-Ѵ]†;buoķ ƑƏƏƖĸ $-ˆ-u;v ;|-Ѵĺķ ƑƏƏѶĸ ,ou;ķ $_-hu;ķ -7_-ˆķş-u†rr-‹bѴķƑƏƐƐőĺ $_;-m|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=Ɛ-m7Ƒ‰-v;ˆ-Ѵ†-|;7bmˆb|uo -]-bmv|-v;Ѵ;1|bomo=u-lŊrovb|bˆ;-m7u-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-ķ‰b|_ ou‰b|_o†|-m|b0bo|b1u;vbv|-m1;ķƐ‰-v;ˆ-Ѵ†-|;7=ou-m|bˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆŊ b|‹-m7 ‰-v-vv;vv;7=ou-1|bˆb|‹-]-bmv|7b==;u;m|Candidav|u-bmvĺ

ƑՊ|Պ$!" $ "

ƑĺƐՊ|Պvv;m|b-ѴobѴ0Ѵ;m7v

Ѵ;m7vƐ-m7Ƒ‰;u;1olrov;7o=;t†-Ѵr-u|vŐƒĺƔƑѷ;-1_őo=

Eucalyptus globulus$1bm;oѴŐѴ;-=ő-m7Cinnamomum zeylanicum$

1bmm-l-Ѵ7;_‹7;Ő0-uhőķƒĺƏƏѷo=Rosmarinus officinalis$1bm;oѴŐѴ;-=őķ ƐĺƏƓѷ o= Daucus carota $ 1-uo|oѴ Őv;;7őķ -m7 ѶѶĺƖƏѷ o= Camelina

sativaobѴŐv;;7őĺ

Ѵ;m7 1om|-bm;7;t†-Ѵr-u|vŐƒĺƔƒѷ;-1_őo=Cinnamomum

zey-lanicum$1bmm-l-Ѵ7;_‹7;Ő0-uhőķSyzygium aromaticum$;†];moѴ

Ő"‹mom‹lo†vĹ Eugenia caryophyllus "ru;m];Ѵķ 1Ѵoˆ;vőķ -m7 Origanum

vulgare$1-uˆ-1oѴŐ-;ub-Ѵr-u|vőķƐĺƏƓѷo=Daucus carota$1-uo|oѴ

Őv;;7őķ-m7ѶѶĺƒƔѷo=Camelina sativaobѴŐv;;7őĺ

ѴѴ v ‰;u; ruoˆb7;7 0‹ oѴ];ll- Ővr࣐u-Œ-ķ u-m1;ő ;Š1;r| =ou C. zeylanicum bmƐ‰_b1_‰-v =uol om|o†Š Ő"-bm|Ŋ†0bmŊv†uŊ ѴĽ†ˆ࣏Œ;ķ u-m1;őĺCamelina sativaobѴ‰-vruoˆb7;70‹oѴ-ubvŐѴ;†ˆ;mķ u-m1;őĺѴ;m7v‰;u;v|ou;7-|ƓŦ†m|bѴ†v;7ĺ

$_;  ;Š|u-1|bom l;|_o7 -m7 1olrovb|bom -u; ruoˆb7;7 -v "†rrou|bm]bm=oul-|bomĺ

ƑĺƑՊ|Պ-1|;ub-Ѵ-m7=†m]-Ѵv|u-bmv

o†u|;;m0-1|;ub-Ѵv|u-bmv=uol|_;l;ub1-m$‹r;†Ѵ|†u;oѴѴ;1|bom Ő$ĸ oѴv_;blķ u-m1;őķ |_; -v|;†u mv|b|†|; oѴѴ;1|bom Őĸ -ubvķ u-m1;őķ ou =uol 1Ѵbmb1-Ѵ v-lrѴ;v ŐEscherichia coli &$ѶƖ -m7 ;Š|;m7;7Ŋvr;1|u†l 0;|-ŊѴ-1|-l-v; rovb|bˆ; Œ"œő ‰;u; |;v|;7ĺ $_;u; ‰;u; =o†u u-lŊrovb|bˆ; v|u-bmvĹ Streptococcus pyogenes  ƔѵƓƐ$ķStreptococcus pneumoniaeƐƏƓƓƕƐķListeria monocytogenes ѶƑƐƐƏ$ķ-m7Staphylococcus aureus!"$ƒƒƔƖƐĸ-m7|;m u-lŊm;]-|bˆ;v|u-bmvĹPseudomonas aeruginosaƐƏƒƓѵƕķProteus

mirabilisƐƏƒƐѶƐ$ķEscherichia coli"ķEscherichia coli&$ѶƖķ Klebsiella pneumoniaeѶƑƖƐ$ķSalmonella typhimuriumѵƏѵƑ$ķ Yersinia enterocolitica  ѶƏƑƕ$ķ Bacteriodes fragilis $ ƑƔƑѶƔķ Haemophilus influenza  ƐƏƑƔƐƓķ -m7 Branhamella catarrhalis 

7321T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ƐƏƒƓѵƕķ Staphylococcus aureus !"$ƒƒƔƖķ-m7Escherichia coli"‰;u;v;Ѵ;1|;7=ou|_;bu l-uh;7m-|†u-Ѵou-1t†bu;7u;vbv|-m1;|o-m|b0bo|b1vĺ

$_; =oѴѴo‰bm] vbŠ =†m]-Ѵ v|u-bmv‰;u; |;v|;7 -v =oѴѴo‰vĹ Candida

albicans "ƐƒѶѵķCandida glabatra "ƐƐƑƑѵķCandida tropicalis IP

ƑƐƓѶĺƖƒķCandida albicans ƑѵķCandida albicans ƒƔķ-m7Candida

albi-cans ƕѶĺ$‰o‰;u;=uol ;†|v1_;"-llѴ†m]ˆombhuoo]-mbvl;m †m7,;ѴѴh†Ѵ|†u;mŐ "őķom;=uol|_;-v|;†umv|b|†|;Őőķ-m7|_u;; ‰;u;1Ѵbmb1-ѴbvoѴ-|;vŐ őĺ

ƑĺƒՊ|Պm|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ-m7-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-vv-‹v

"|u-bmv‰;u;ru;v;uˆ;7-|ƴѶƏŦ-m7v†01†Ѵ|†u;7omŐƐő|u‹r1-v;vo‹ -]-uŐbol࣐ub;†Šķu-romm;ķ u-m1;ő†m7;u-;uo0b11om7b|bomv-|ƒѵŦ =ouP. aeruginosaƐƏƒƓѵƕķP. mirabilisƐƏƒƐѶƐ$ķE. coli&$ѶƖķ

S. thyphimurium  ѵƏѵƑ$ķ Y. enterocolitica  ѶƏƑƕ$ķ K. pneumo-niae  ѶƑƖƐ$ķ S. aureus !"$ ƒƒƔƖƐķ -m7 E. coli "ĸ ŐƑő

oѴ†l0b--]-u‰b|_Ɣѷv_;;r;u‹|_uo1‹|;vŐbol࣐ub;†Šő†m7;u2

ou -m-;uo0b1 1om7b|bomv -| ƒѵŦ =ouS. pyogenes  ƔѵƓƐ$ķ S.

pneu-moniae  ƐƏƓƓƕƐķ L. monocytogenes ѶƑƐƐƏ$ķ B. fragilis $

ƑƔƑѶƔķ H. influenza  ƐƏƑƔƐƓ -m7 B. catarrhalis  ƕƒƑƐ$ĸ -m7 Őƒő "-0o†u-†7 -]-u Őbol࣐ub;†Šő †m7;u -;uo0b1 1om7b|bomv -| ƒƏŦ =ou ‹;-v|vĺ"†vr;mvbomv‰;u;ru;r-u;7bmv|;ubѴ;7bv|bѴѴ;7‰-|;u|oo0|-bm- =bm-Ѵbmo1†Ѵ†lo=ƐƏѶ_{ &/lѴ=ou0-1|;ub--m7ƐƏ}7_{ &/lѴ=ou‹;-v|vĺ}

Ѵ;m7vƐ -m7Ƒ‰;u; |;v|;7 =ou |_;bu -m|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ -1|bˆb|‹ -m7 =oub|v-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹-11ou7bm]|o-ru;ˆbo†vѴ‹u;rou|;7 lb1uol;|_o7 Ő0u-_bl ;|-Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐƑőĺ$;v|v‰;u; -Ѵvo r;u=oul;7‰b|_ -loŠb1bѴѴbm=ou0-1|;ub--m7-lr_o|;ub1bm=ou‹;-v|v-v-1om|uoѴ=ou lb1uoou]-mbvlv;mvb|bˆb|‹ĺ

-1_ 0Ѵ;m7‰-v 7bѴ†|;7ķ †vbm] |‰o=oѴ7 v|;rv bm lb1uo|b|;u rѴ-|;v bm 1†Ѵ|†u; l;7b†lĹ ŐƐő †ѴѴ;u bm|om Őő 0uo|_ Őbol࣐ub;†Šő =ou

P. mirabilis  ƐƏƒƐѶƐ$ķ E. coli &$ ѶƖķ S. typhimurium  ѵƏѵƑ$ķ Y. enterocoliticaѶƏƑƕ$ķK. pneumoniaeѶƑƖƐ$ķS. aureus!"

$ƒƒƔƖƐķP. aeruginosaƐƏƒƓѵƕķ-m7E. coli"ĸŐƑő0uo|_ v†rrѴ;l;m|;7‰b|_ƐƏѷ=;|-Ѵ1-Ѵ=v;u†lŐŊ †|v1_;uő†m7;u2

ou -m-;uo0b1 1om7b|bomv -| ƒѵŦ =ouS. pyogenes  ƔѵƓƐ$ķ S.

pneu-moniae  ƐƏƓƓƕƐķ L. monocytogenes  ѶƑƐƐƏ$ķ B. fragilis $

ƑƔƑѶƔķ-m7B. catarrhalisƕƒƑƐ$ĸŐƒő0uo|_v†rrѴ;l;m|;7‰b|_ ƐƏѷ=;|-Ѵ1-Ѵ=v;u†lŐŊ †|v1_;uő-m7ƐѷoѴ‹ˆb|;ŠŐbol࣐ub;†Šő

=ouH. influenzaƐƏƑƔƐƓĸ-m7ŐƓő"-0o†u-†7Őbol࣐ub;†Šő=ou‹;-v|vķ =uol1oѴ†lmƐ|o1oѴ†lmƐƏĺoѴ†lmvƐƐ-m7ƐƑ‰;u;l-bm|-bm;7 =ouv|;ubѴb|‹1om|uoѴՉb|_o†|ruo7†1|oulb1uoou]-mbvlvő-m7]uo‰|_ 1om|uoѴՉb|_o†|ruo7†1|-m7‰b|_lb1uoou]-mbvlvőĺ$_;|‰o=oѴ77bѴ†Ŋ |bomvѴ;7|o;l†Ѵvbomv-ѴѴo‰bm]|_;1om7†1|o=|;v|vĺmo1†Ѵ-|bom‰-v r;u=oul;7ķ†vbm]-l†Ѵ|brobm|bmo1†Ѵ-|ouŐ ;mѴ;‹ő†m7;u-ˆoѴ†l;o= -rruoŠbl-|;Ѵ‹ƐĺƔμѴ=ou;-1_v†vr;mvbom-m7lb1uorѴ-|;v‰;u;bm1†Ŋ 0-|;7-v7;v1ub0;7-0oˆ;ĺ

bmbl-Ѵ bm_b0b|ou‹ 1om1;m|u-|bom Őő‰-v 7;=bm;7 -v |_; 1omŊ 1;m|u-|bomo=|;v|1olro†m7-|‰_b1_mol-1uov1orb1vb]mo=1;ѴѴ†Ѵ-u ]uo‰|_‰-v7;|;1|;7bm1olr-ubvom|o|_;1om|uoѴ‰b|_o†|1olro†m7ĺ |‰-v7;|;ulbm;7=ou0-1|;ub--=|;ubm1†0-|bom-|ƒѵŦ=ouƑƓ_u-m7 ‹;-v|v-|ƒƏŦ=ouƑƓ_ubm|_;ru;v;m1;o=v;ub-Ѵ7bѴ†|bomvo=|_;|;v| 1olro†m7vĺbmbl-Ѵ];ulb1b7-Ѵ1om1;m|u-|bomv=ou0-1|;ub-Őőou =†m]bŐ ő‰-v7;=bm;7-v|_;1om1;m|u-|bomo=1olro†m7-|‰_b1_ mol-1uov1orb1vb]mo=1;ѴѴ†Ѵ-u]uo‰|_‰-v7;|;1|;71olr-u;7|o|_; 1om|uoѴ †rom v†01†Ѵ|†ubm]ĺ $_;v; 1om1;m|u-|bomv ‰;u; 7;|;ulbm;7 0‹v†01†Ѵ|bˆ-|bm]om1ouu;vrom7bm]-]-urѴ-|;vŐ-]-uouv†rrѴ;Ŋ l;m|;7ou"-0o†u-†7-]-uő-=|;ubm1†0-|bm]0-1|;ub-Ѵ-m7=†m]-Ѵ v|u-bmvĺ ѴѴ;Šr;ubl;m|v‰;u;r;u=oul;7bm7†rѴb1-|;-|;-1_1om1;m|u-Ŋ |bomķ†vbm]-lb1uol;|_o7-m-Ѵ‹vbv0-v;7om|_;Ŋ" ]†b7;Ѵbm;vĺ

ƑĺƓՊ|Պ(bu-Ѵv|u-bmv-m7-m|bˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹

m|bˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=Ɛ‰-v|;v|;7‰b|_bm=Ѵ†;mŒ-ƐƐ$(!Ŋ! ƐƔƑƏ-m7ou-Ѵ_;ur;vvblrѴ;Š"(Ɛ$(!ŊƐƒѶƒĺ$;v|v‰;u;r;uŊ =oul;7-11ou7bm]|o ƐƓƓƕѵŐ !ƑƏƐƔőĺ$_;ƐƐv|u-bm ‰-v -lrѴb=b;7 om   1;ѴѴv ŐŊƒƓķ $ő -m7 "(Ɛ om (! 1;ѴѴvbml;7b†lŐŊ †|v1_;uőĺ(bu†vv†vr;mvbom‰-v-77;7|o |_;|;v|1olro†m7‰b|_bm|;u=;ubm]v†0v|-m1;†m7;u1Ѵ;-m1om7b|bomv ŐƐѷ"ķ"b]l-Ѵ7ub1_őĺ$_bvlbŠ|†u;‰-vl-bm|-bm;7-|ƒƔŦƼƐ=ou ѵƏlbmƼƐƏĺ$_;-1|bˆb|‹‰-vv|orr;70‹|_;loѴ;1†Ѵ-uvb;ˆbm]l;|_o7ķ †vbm]-vb;ˆ;=bѴ|;uŐ";r_-7;ŠƑƏőĺ;†|u-ѴbŒ-|bomo=|_;ruo7†1|‰-v ˆ-Ѵb7-|;70‹r-vvbm]b||_uo†]_";r_-7;Š-|-7bѴ†|bomƐņƐƏĺ (bu†v|b|u-|bomom1;ѴѴvbmv†vr;mvbom‰-vr;u=oul;7bmlb1uorѴ-|;vĺ  7bѴ†|bom v;ub;v ‰b|_ - =-1|ou o= =o†u ‰-v ru;r-u;7 bm -m b1;Ŋ1oѴ7 l;7b†l=ouƒƏlbmbm]Ѵ-vv|†0;vĺ$_;7bѴ†|bom‰-v|_;m|u-mv=;uu;7 bm|o lb1uo|b|;u rѴ-|;v 0;=ou; |_; 1;ѴѴ v†vr;mvbom‰-v -77;7 bm ;-1_ ‰;ѴѴĺ(bu-Ѵ1‹|or-|_b1;==;1|‰-vu;-7†m7;u-mbmˆ;u|;7lb1uov1or; -=|;uƓ7-‹vo=bm1†0-|bom-m77;|;ulbm;70‹|_;"r;-ul-mŋ࢜u0;u l;|_o7Őou;mŒşo];ѴķƐƖƕƒő-11ou7bm]|o|_;=oѴѴo‰bm]=oul†Ѵ-Ĺ ;]-|bˆ;Ѵo]-ub|_lo=ƔƏѷ;m7robm|Ʒm;]-|bˆ;Ѵo]-ub|_lo=|_; _b]_;v|ˆbu†v1om1;m|u-|bom†v;7ŋŐŒ"†lo=ѷ-==;1|;7-|;-1_7bѴ†Ŋ |bomņƐƏƏŊƏĺƔœ*ŒѴo]o=7bѴ†|bomœő !;7†1|bombmˆbu†vbm=;1|bˆb|‹‰-v1-Ѵ1†Ѵ-|;7=uol|_;7b==;u;m1; o=Ѵo]ˆbu†v|b|;uv0;=ou;-m7-=|;u|u;-|l;m|ĺ$_;ruo7†1|‰-v1omvb7Ŋ ;u;7|o0;ˆbu†1b7-Ѵ‰_;mѴo]u;7†1|bom‰-vƾƓĺ

ƒՊ|Պ!"&$"  "&""

ƒĺƐՊ|Պm|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=Ɛ-m7Ƒ

Ѵ;m7v Ɛ -m7 Ƒ ;Š_b0b|;7 0o|_ 0-1|;ubov|-|b1 -m7 0-1|;ub1b7-Ѵ ;==;1|v-]-bmv|-ѴѴu-lŊrovb|bˆ;-m7u-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-|;v|;7ķ ‰b|_vu-m]bm]=uolƏĺƏƐѷ|oƒѷˆņˆ-m7v=uolƺƏĺƏƐѷ|o ѵѷ ˆņˆ Ő$-0Ѵ;Ɛőĺ $_;v; =bm7bm]v -u; 1omvbv|;m| ‰b|_ ru;ˆbo†v v|†7Ŋ b;vķ †vbm] v =uol |_; v-l; rѴ-m|v =uol ‰_b1_ o†u 0Ѵ;m7v ‰;u;

"|u-bmv

  ņu-|bo

AB1 AB2 AB1 AB2 AB1 AB2

u-lŊrovb|bˆ;

Staphylococcus aureus MRSA

$ƒƒƔƖƐ- ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ 0.75 1.00 2.00 Streptococcus pyogenesƔѵƓƐ$ 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.19 2.00 1.00 Streptococcus pneumoniaeƐƏƓƓƕƐ ƏĺƒѶ 0.05 ƏĺƒѶ 0.19 1.00 4.00 Listeria monocytogenesѶƑƐƐƏ$ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ 1.00 1.00 u-lŊm;]-|bˆ; Pseudomonas aeruginosaƐƏƒƓѵƕ- 3.00 3.00 6.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Proteus mirabilisƐƏƒƐѶƐ$ 0.75 ƏĺƒѶ 0.75 ƏĺƒѶ 1.00 1.00

Escherichia coli ESBLѴbmb1-Ѵ- 0.75 ƏĺƒѶ 1.50 0.75 2.00 2.00

Escherichia coli uropathogen&$ѶƖ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ 1.50 1.50 4.00 4.00

Klebsiella pneumoniaeѶƑƖƐ$ ƏĺƒѶ ƏĺƒѶ 0.75 0.75 2.00 2.00 Salmonella typhimuriumѵƏѵƑ$ 0.75 0.75 3.00 0.75 4.00 1.00 Yersinia enterocoliticaѶƏƑƕ$ 0.09 0.02 ƏĺƒѶ 0.05 4.00 2.50 Bacteriodes fragilis$ƑƔƑѶƔ 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.09 1.00 4.50 Haemophilus influenza IP 102514 ŋ 0.09 ŋ 0.09 ŋ 1.00 Branhamella catarrhalisƕƒƑƐ$ ŋ ƺƏĺƏƐ ŋ ƺƏĺƏƐ ŋ 1.00 -_{"|u-bm‰b|_u;vbv|-m1;|o-m|b0bo|b1vĺ} $      Ɛ Պ bmbl-Ѵbm_b0b|ou‹ 1om1;m|u-|bomvŐvőķlbmbl-Ѵ0-1|;ub1b7-Ѵ 1om1;m|u-|bomvŐvőķ-m7ņ u-|bo=ou0Ѵ;m7vƐ-m7ƑŐѷˆņˆő

7;ubˆ;7-m7|;v|;7-]-bmv||_;v-l;vr;1b;vo=0-1|;ub-ķ0†|7b==;uŊ ;m|v|u-bmv|o|_ov;|;v|;7bmo†uv|†7‹Ő!oh0;mb;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƒĸ"-Ѵ-ubķ lbm;ķ "_bu-Œbķ -=;Œbķ ş o_-ll-7‹ro†uķ ƑƏƏѵĸ &mѴ†ķ u];m;ķ &mѴ†ķ,;‹|bmo]Ѵ†ķş(†u-ѴķƑƏƐƏĸ)-m]ķbķ†oķ,†ķş==;u|_ķƑƏƐƑőĺ Ѵ;m7vƐ-m7Ƒ‰;u;;==;1|bˆ;-]-bmv|-m|b0bo|b1Ŋu;vbv|-m|v|u-bmv

Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ƐƏƒƓѵƕķ Staphylococcus aureus !"

$ƒƒƔƖķ-m7Escherichia coli"Ő$-0Ѵ;Ɛőĺo‰;ˆ;uķP.

aerugi-nosaƐƏƒƓѵƕ‰-v|_;Ѵ;-v|v;mvb|bˆ;|o|_;0Ѵ;m7v|;v|;7ŐĹ

ƒѷˆņˆ=ouƑ-m7ѵѷˆņˆ=ouƐőĺ$_bvu;v†Ѵ|‰-vmo|v†urubvbm]-v |_;m-|†u-Ѵu;vbv|-m1;o=P. aeruginosa_-v0;;mru;ˆbo†vѴ‹u;rou|;7 Őom]0o||olķ -uvomķ -ll;uķ ;;ķ ş !bѴ;‹ķ ƑƏƏƓĸ -r-7oro†Ѵovķ -uvomķ_-m]ķş!bѴ;‹ķƑƏƏѶőĺ1ol0bm-|bomo=l;1_-mbvlvruo|;1|v |_bv0-1|;ub-ĺ$_;;Š|;um-Ѵl;l0u-m;bvr-u|b1†Ѵ-uѴ‹blr;ul;-0Ѵ;|o 7u†]v -m7 _-v roubm;Ŋ7;r;m7;m| bm_b0b|bom -m7 ;==Ѵ†Š l;1_-mbvlv Ő-r-7oro†Ѵov;|-ѴĺķƑƏƏѶőĺP. aeruginosa;lrѴo‹v-l†Ѵ|b7u†];==Ѵ†Š v‹v|;l|_-|;Š|u†7;v1olro†m7vv†1_-vƐķѶŊ1bm;oѴ;ķ-lomo|;ur;m; =o†m7bm_b]_Ѵ;ˆ;Ѵvbmo†u0Ѵ;m7vŐƻƓƏѷ=ouR. officinalis-m7ƻѶƏѷ in E. globulusĸv;;"†rrou|bm]bm=oul-|bomőĺ

lom] |_; u-lŊrovb|bˆ; 0-1|;ub-ķ Ɛ -m7 Ƒ 0o|_ v_o‰;7 |_; Ѵo‰;v|  -]-bmv|S. pyogenes ŐƏĺƐƖѷ =ouƐ -m7 ƏĺƏƑѷˆņˆ =ouƑőĺ ouu-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-ķƐv_o‰;7|_;Ѵo‰;v| -]-bmv| B. fragilis ŐĹ ƏĺƏƐѷ ˆņˆő -m7 Ƒ -]-bmv| B. catarrhalis ŐĹƺƏĺƏƐѷˆņˆĸ$-0Ѵ;Ɛőĺ);o0v;uˆ;7mol-uh;77b==;u;m1;vbm |;ulvo=v;mvb|bˆb|‹0;|‰;;mu-lŊrovb|bˆ;-m7u-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1Ŋ |;ub-ķ u;v†Ѵ|v |_-| 1o†Ѵ7 0; -||ub0†|-0Ѵ; |o - 1ol0bm;7 ;==;1| o= |_; vouo=vol;o=|_;bu1olrom;m|vĺ!;v†Ѵ|v=uol|_;Ѵb|;u-|†u;-u; 1om=Ѵb1|bm]ĺu-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-‰;u;u;rou|;7|o0;lou;v;mvbŊ |bˆ;|obm7bˆb7†-ѴvŐblķ-uv_-ѴѴķş);bķƐƖƖƔőĺo‰;ˆ;uķo|_;u v|†7b;v=o†m7v‰;u;lou;;==;1|bˆ;-]-bmv|u-lŊrovb|bˆ;0-1|;ub- ou-Ѵ-1ho=v;Ѵ;1|bˆb|‹=ou1;u|-bmvŐ-ll;uķ-uvomķş!bѴ;‹ķƐƖƖƖĸ u-0†v;;mbˆ-v-mķ-‹-h†l-uķş]m-1bl†|_†ķƑƏƏѵőĺ m|_;0-vbvo=ņu-|bovķ|_;0-1|;ub1b7-Ѵ;==;1|‰-v1omŊ =bul;7 =ou Ɛ -m7 Ƒ =ou lov| v|u-bmv |;v|;7 Őu-|bovƽƑő ;Š1;r| =ou E. coli &$ѶƖ -m7 Y. enterocolitica =ou |_; |‰o 0Ѵ;m7vķ S.

thyph-imurium =ouƐ -m7 S. pneumoniae -m7 B. fragilis =ouƑ Ő$-0Ѵ;Ɛőĺ

bv1u;r-m1b;v 0;|‰;;m 0Ѵ;m7v l-‹ 0; ;ŠrѴ-bm;7 0‹ |_; 7b==;u;m| 1_;lb1-Ѵ1olrovb|bomo=|_;|‰o7b==;u;m|1bmm-lomvĺѴ|_o†]_ 1_;lo|‹r;vo=|_;|‰o1bmm-lomv‰;u;|_;v-l;Ő$1bmm-l-Ŋ 7;_‹7;őķ|_;1bmm-l-Ѵ7;_‹7;1om1;m|u-|bombm|_;1bmm-lom‰-v -Ѵlov||‰o=oѴ7_b]_;ubmƑ|_-mbmƐ-m7|_;;†];moѴ1om1;m|u-Ŋ |bom‰-vƻƒƏѷbmƐ1olr-u;7|oŜƑѷbmƑĺ

ƒĺƑՊ|Պm|b=†m]-Ѵ;==;1|o=

Ѵ;m7 _-7=†m]bv|-|b1-m7=†m]b1b7-Ѵ-1|bˆb|b;v-]-bmv|-ѴѴCandida v|u-bmv |;v|;7 ‰b|_ v u-m]bm] =uol ƏĺƏƐѷ |o ƏĺƏƔѷ ˆņˆ -m7 lbmbl-Ѵ=†m]b1b7-Ѵ1om1;m|u-|bomvŐ vő=uolƏĺƏƑѷ|oƏĺƏƔѷˆņˆ Ő$-0Ѵ;Ƒőĺ$_; ņu-|bo‰-vƽƑ=ou-ѴѴv|u-bmv|;v|;7Չb|_o†| vr;1b=b1 u;vbv|-m1; |o 1ollom -m|b=†m]-Ѵ 7u†]vőĺ $_;v; u;v†Ѵ|v -u; 1omvbv|;m| ‰b|_ o|_;u v|†7b;v v_o‰bm] |_-| v =uol C. zeylanicumķ

E. caryophyllusķ-m7O. vulgare-m7|_;bul-bm1olro†m7vŐ1bmm-l-Ѵ7;Ŋ

_‹7;ķ;†];moѴķ-m71-uˆ-1uoѴő‰;u;=†m]b1b7-Ѵ-]-bmv|C. albicans-m7 other Candidavr;1b;v‰_;|_;uoumo||_;‹‰;u;u;vbv|-m||o1ollom

-m|b=†m]-Ѵ7u†]vŐ=Ѵ†1om-ŒoѴ;ou-lr_o|;ub1bmĸ$-lrb;ub;|-ѴĺķƑƏƏƔĸ bm|o;|-ѴĺķƑƏƏѵĸ_ovu-ˆb;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƐĸ"_u;-Œ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƐőĺ

ƒĺƒՊ|Պm|bˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=Ɛ

Ѵ;m7Ɛvb]mb=b1-m|Ѵ‹u;7†1;7ˆbu-Ѵ†mb|v=ouƐƐ-m7"(Ɛĺ ou ƐƐķ-u;7†1|bom]u;-|;u|_-mƖƖѷŐƻƑѴo]ő‰-vo0v;uˆ;7‰b|_Ɛѷ Ɛ‰b|_-ѵƏŊlbm1om|-1||bl;-m7-u;7†1|bom]u;-|;u|_-mƖƖĺƖƖѷ ŐƻƓѴo]ő‰b|_ѶƏѷ-m7ƓƏѷƐ-=|;uѵƏlbmĺ ou"(Ɛķ-u;7†1|bom ]u;-|;u|_-mƖƖѷ‰-vo0|-bm;7‰b|_Ɛѷ-m7ƓƏѷƐ-=|;uѵƏŊlbm 1om|-1||bl;-m7-ƖƖĺƖƖѷu;7†1|bom-|ѶƏѷƐ=ouѵƏlbmĺ$_;v; u;v†Ѵ|v-u;1omvbv|;m|‰b|_ru;ˆbo†v‰ouhķ‰_b1_v_o‰;7|_-|E. globu-lus-m7C. zeylanicumv_-7-m|bˆbu-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹omƐƐ-m7"(Ɛ Őv|-mb ;|-Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐƏĸ (bl-Ѵ-m-|_-m ş †7vomķ ƑƏƐƓőĺ ou ;Š-lrѴ;ķ ;†1-Ѵ‹r|†v  -m7 b|v 1olro†m7v ƐķѶ 1bm;oѴ; -m7 βŊ1-u‹or_‹ѴѴ;m; ;Š_b0b|-m-m|bŊ"(Ɛ-1|bˆb|‹0‹7bu;1|Ѵ‹bm-1|bˆ-|bm]=u;;Ŋˆbu†vr-u|bŊ 1Ѵ;v-m7lb]_|bm|;u=;u;‰b|_ˆbubom;mˆ;Ѵor;v|u†1|†u;vu;t†bu;7=ou ;m|u‹bm|o_ov|1;ѴѴvŐv|-mbķ!;b1_Ѵbm]ķş"1_mb|ŒѴ;uķƑƏƐƐĸv|-mb;|-Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐƏőĺollomѴ‹†v;7-m|bˆbu-Ѵl;7b1-|bomŐ;ĺ]ĺķ-1‹1Ѵoˆbu-m7]-m1bŊ 1Ѵoˆbuőbm_b0b| roѴ‹l;u-v;vĺ7;m|b=‹bm]v†0v|-m1;v‰b|_ˆbu-Ѵ|-uŊ ];|vo|_;u|_-m roѴ‹l;u-v;v-u;o=r-u|b1†Ѵ-ubm|;u;v||o-ˆob7 u;vbv|-m1;ĺ m-ru;ˆbo†vr†0Ѵbv_;7v|†7‹r;u=oul;7‰b|_-ruorub;|-u‹0Ѵ;m7 o=uov;l-u‹ķou-m];ķ1Ѵoˆ;ķ1bmm-lomķ-m7;†1-Ѵ‹r|†vvŐm]†-u7 )bѴ7™_{őķ;==b1-1‹‰-vv_o‰m-]-bmv|ƐƐķ0†|‰-vmo||;v|;7-]-bmv|} 0-1|;ub-Ő)†;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƏőĺmo†uv|†7‹ķƐ‰-vruoˆ;m|o0;;==;1|bˆ; -]-bmv|0o|_ˆbu†v;v-m70-1|;ub-bmr-u|b1†Ѵ-uķƐƐˆbu†vķS. aureus -m7S. pneumoniaeķ|‰o0-1|;ub-u;vromvb0Ѵ;=ourov|bm=Ѵ†;mŒ-rm;†Ŋ lomb-Ő_†m]ş†_ķƑƏƐƔőĺ$_bv7†-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹1o†Ѵ70;o=r-u|b1†Ѵ-u bm|;u;v||o|u;-|bm=Ѵ†;mŒ--m7-Ѵvorov|bm=Ѵ†;mŒ-0-1|;ub-Ѵrm;†lomb- bm=;1|bomvķ-Ѵ;-7bm]1-†v;o=bm=Ѵ†;mŒ-Ŋ-vvo1b-|;77;-|_ĺ $_bvbmˆb|uov|†7‹v_o‰v|_-|0Ѵ;m7vƐ-m7Ƒo=C.

zeylani-cumķD. carotaķE. globulusķ-m7R. officinalisvrovv;vv-_b]_Ѵ‹-m|bŊ

lb1uo0b-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹-]-bmv|u-lŊrovb|bˆ;-m7u-lŊm;]-|bˆ;0-1|;ub-ĺ Ѵ;m7 Ɛ bv -Ѵvo ;==;1|bˆ; -]-bmv| ˆbu†v;vĺ Ѵ;m7  Ŋ1om|-bmbm] C.

zeylanicumķD. carotaķS. aromaticumķ-m7O. vulgarev_-7-_b]_Ѵ‹

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v|-mbķ ĺķ !;b1_Ѵbm]ķ ĺķ ş "1_mb|ŒѴ;uķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƐőĺ "1u;;mbm] =ou -m|bˆbu-Ѵ -1|bˆb|b;v o= bvoѴ-|;7 1olro†m7v =uol ;vv;m|b-Ѵ obѴvĺ Evidence- Based

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: ECAMķ2011ķƑƔƒѵƓƒĺ

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;ul;ѴѴbķĺķ -0boķĺķ -0boķĺķş †-]ѴboķĺŐƑƏƏѶőĺ==;1|o=;†1-Ѵ‹r|†v ;vv;m|b-ѴobѴomu;vrbu-|ou‹0-1|;ub--m7ˆbu†v;vĺCurrent Microbiologyķ

56ķѶƖŋƖƑĺ

_†m]ķ ĺ!ĺķş†_ķĺŐƑƏƐƔőĺoˆ;Ѵr-m7;lb1bm=Ѵ†;mŒ-ŐƐƐő-m7 1oll†mb|‹Ŋ-vvo1b-|;7 l;|_b1bѴѴbmŊu;vbv|-m| Staphylococcus aureus

pneumonia. Expert Review of Anti- Infective Therapyķ13ķƐƖƕŋƑƏƕĺ

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oo7 -m7 ]ub1†Ѵ|†u; u]-mbŒ-|bom o= |_; &mb|;7 -|bomv Ő ő -m7 )ouѴ7 ;-Ѵ|_ u]-mbŒ-|bom Ő)ő ŐƑƏƏƒőĺ obm| ņ) Šr;u| ollb||;; om oo7 77b|bˆ;v Ő őĺ _||rĹņņ‰‰‰ĺ=-oĺou]ņ=oo7ņ =oo7Ŋv-=;|‹Ŋt†-Ѵb|‹ņv1b;m|b=b1Ŋ-7ˆb1;ņf;1=-ņ;mņĺ -v| -11;vv;7Ĺ Ƒƒ December 2016.

ub;7l-mķĺķ;mbh-ķĺ!ĺķş-m7u;ѴѴķ!ĺĺŐƑƏƏƑőĺ-1|;ub1b7-Ѵ-1|bˆb|b;v o=rѴ-m|;vv;m|b-ѴobѴv-m7vol;o=|_;bubvoѴ-|;71omv|b|†;m|v-]-bmv|

Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesķ -m7 Salmonella enterica. Journal of Food Protectionķ65ķƐƔƓƔŋƐƔѵƏĺ

om1-Ѵˆ;vķ"ĺ"ĺķ"o†Œ-ķĺĺķ_o‰7_-u‹ķĺķ;bvķĺ ĺķşoѴol0oķĺĺ ŐƑƏƐѵőĺ rb7;lboѴo]‹ -m7 loѴ;1†Ѵ-u l;1_-mbvlv o= -m|b=†m]-Ѵ u;vbvŊ |-m1;bmCandida-m7Aspergillus. Mycosesķ59ķƐƖѶŋƑƐƖĺ

-ll;uķĺĺķ-uvomķĺ ĺķş!bѴ;‹ķ$ĺ(ĺŐƐƖƖƖőĺm|blb1uo0b-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o= ;vv;m|b-ѴobѴv-m7o|_;urѴ-m|;Š|u-1|vĺJournal of Applied Microbiologyķ

86ķƖѶƔŋƖƖƏĺ

-‰v;uķ"ĺĺķş o†]Ѵ-vķĺĺŐƐƖƖƔőĺ!;vbv|-m1;o=Candida albicans0bo=bѴlv |o -m|b=†m]-Ѵ -];m|v bmˆb|uoĺ Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapyķ

39ķƑƐƑѶŋƑƐƒƐĺ

0u-_blķĺķ †ub]-ķĺķ-f-_bķĺķb]-vv;ķĺĺķ-ѴѴ;|ķĺĺķ!ot†;vķĺķĻ ;rˆ;†ķ ĺŐƑƏƐƑőĺm|b0-1|;ub-Ѵķ-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-m7-m|bѴ;bv_l-mb-Ѵ-1|bˆŊ b|b;v o= bm7oѴom;ŊŊoŠb7; 7;ubˆ-|bˆ;vĺ The Journal of Antibioticsķ 65ķ ƓƖƖŋƔƏƓĺ

-l;vķ"ĺĺķşub1_-u7ķĺĺŐƑƏƐƓőĺ†uu;m|-m7=†|†u;|_;u-rb;v=ou_;uŊ r;vvblrѴ;Šˆbu†vbm=;1|bomvĹ;1_-mbvlo=-1|bom-m77u†]u;vbv|-m1;ĺ

Current Opinion in Virologyķ8ķƔƓŋѵƐĺ

-m|-mķĺ0ĺķ-ublo_-u-lķĺĺķ"-m|_-m-lķĺķş-l-ѴķĺĺŐƑƏƏѶőĺ ouu;Ѵ-|bom0;|‰;;m1_;lb1-Ѵ1olrovb|bom-m7-m|b=†m]-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o= |_;;vv;m|b-ѴobѴvo=;b]_|cinnamomumĺ"r;1b;vĺPharmaceutical Biologyķ

46ķƓƏѵŋƓƐƑĺ

_-mķĺ"ĺķş_l-7ķĺŐƑƏƐƐőĺm|b=†m]-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=;vv;m|b-ѴobѴv-m7 |_;bu v‹m;u]‹ ‰b|_ =Ѵ†1om-ŒoѴ; -]-bmv| 7u†]Ŋu;vbv|-m| v|u-bmv o=

Aspergillus fumigatus-m7Trichophyton rubrum. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnologyķ90ķƐƏѶƒŋƐƏƖƓĺ

_ovu-ˆbķĺ!ĺķ"_ohubķĺķ;ul-mbķ"ĺķ -h_bѴbķĺķ-7-mbķĺķş-uv-ķ"ĺ ŐƑƏƐƐőĺm|b=†m]-Ѵruor;u|b;vo=Artemisia sieberi-m7Origanum vulgare ;vv;m|b-ѴobѴv-]-bmv|Candida glabratabvoѴ-|;vo0|-bm;7=uolr-|b;m|v ‰b|_ ˆ†Ѵˆoˆ-]bm-Ѵ 1-m7b7b-vbvĺ Journal de Mycologie Médicaleķ 21ķ ƖƒŋƖƖĺ

blķĺķ -uv_-ѴѴķ ĺ !ĺķ ş);bķ ĺ ŐƐƖƖƔőĺm|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ -1|bˆb|‹ o= vol; ;vv;m|b-ѴobѴ1olrom;m|v-]-bmv|=bˆ;=oo70oum;r-|_o];mvĺJournal of

Agricultural and Food Chemistryķ43ķƑѶƒƖŋƑѶƓƔĺ

om]0o||olķĺĺķ-uvomķĺ ĺķ-ll;uķĺĺķ;;ķĺĺķş!bѴ;‹ķ$ĺ(ĺ ŐƑƏƏƓőĺ $oѴ;u-m1; o= Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Melaleuca

alternifo-lia Ő|;- |u;;ő obѴ bv -vvo1b-|;7‰b|_ |_; o†|;u l;l0u-m; -m7 ;m;u]‹Ŋ

7;r;m7;m| 1;ѴѴ†Ѵ-u ruo1;vv;vĺ Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapyķ

54ķƒѶѵŋƒƖƑĺ

ou;mŒķ!ĺĺķşo];ѴķĺŐƐƖƕƒőĺ-0ou-|ou‹|;1_mbt†;vbmu-0b;vĹ;|_o7vo= 1-Ѵ1†Ѵ-|bomĺMonograph Series. World Health Organizationķ23ķƒƑƐŋƒƒƔĺ -r-7oro†Ѵovķĺĺķ-uvomķĺ ĺķ_-m]ķĺĺķş!bѴ;‹ķ$ĺ(ĺŐƑƏƏѶőĺ!oѴ; o=|_;;ŠŊru;==Ѵ†Šr†lro=Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tolerŊ -m1;|o|;-|u;;ŐMelaleuca alternifoliaőobѴ-m7b|vlomo|;ur;m;1olŊ rom;m|v |;urbm;mŊƓŊoѴķ ƐķѶŊ1bm;oѴ;ķ -m7 -Ѵr_-Ŋ|;urbm;oѴĺ Applied and

Environment Microbiologyķ74ķƐƖƒƑŋƐƖƒƔĺ

bm|oķ ĺķ bm-Ŋ(-Œķ ĺķ "-Ѵ]†;buoķ ĺķ om1-Ѵˆ;vķ ĺĺķ ov|-Ŋ7;ŊѴbˆ;bu-ķ "ĺķ-ˆ-Ѵ;buoķĺķĻ-u|bm;ŒŊ7;ŊѴbˆ;bu-ķĺŐƑƏƏѵőĺm|b=†m]-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹ o=|_;;vv;m|b-ѴobѴo=Thymus pulegioides on CandidaķAspergillus-m7 7;ul-|or_‹|;vr;1b;vĺJournal of Medical Microbiologyķ55ķƐƒѵƕŋƐƒƕƒĺ bm|oķ ĺķ (-Ѵ;Ŋ"bѴˆ-ķ ĺķ -ˆ-Ѵ;buoķ ĺķ ş "-Ѵ]†;buoķ ĺ ŐƑƏƏƖőĺ m|b=†m]-Ѵ -1|bˆb|‹o=|_;1Ѵoˆ;;vv;m|b-ѴobѴ=uolSyzygium aromaticum on Candidaķ

Aspergillus-m77;ul-|or_‹|;vr;1b;vĺJournal of Medical Microbiologyķ 58ķƐƓƔƓŋƐƓѵƑĺ

u-0†v;;mbˆ-v-mķ"ĺķ-‹-h†l-uķĺķş]m-1bl†|_†ķ"ĺŐƑƏƏѵőĺmˆb|uo-m|bŊ 0-1|;ub-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹o=vol;rѴ-m|;vv;m|b-ѴobѴvĺBMC Complementary and

Alternative Medicineķ6ķƒƖĺ

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r-|_o];mb10-1|;ub-bvoѴ-|;7=uolvr;1bl;mvo=r-|b;m|v‰b|_u;vrbu-Ŋ |ou‹|u-1|7bvou7;uvĺClinical Microbiology & Infectionķ12ķƐƖƓŋƐƖѵĺ "_u;-Œķ"ĺķ_-|b-ķ!ĺķ_-mķĺķ†u-Ѵb7_-uķ"ĺķ-vbuķ"ĺ ĺķ-mŒoouķĺķş

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82ķƐƏƐƑŋƐƏƑƏĺ

$-lrb;ubķĺĺķ-Ѵ†rrbķ!ĺķ-11_bombķ ĺķ-u;ѴѴ;ķĺ"ĺķ -Ѵ1bombķĺķbombķ ĺĺķşou;ѴѴbķĺŐƑƏƏƔőĺ$_;bm_b0b|bomo=Candida albicans by selected ;vv;m|b-Ѵ obѴv -m7 |_;bu l-fou 1olrom;m|vĺ Mycopathologiaķ 159ķ ƒƒƖŋƒƓƔĺ

$-ˆ-u;vķĺ ĺķ om1-Ѵˆ;vķ ĺĺķ -ˆ-Ѵ;buoķ ĺķ u†Œķ ĺ$ĺķ or;vķ ĺ ĺķ -m_o|oķ ĺķ ş "-Ѵ]†;buoķ ĺ !ĺ ŐƑƏƏѶőĺ vv;m|b-Ѵ obѴ o= Daucus carota

subsp. halophilusĹ olrovb|bomķ -m|b=†m]-Ѵ -1|bˆb|‹ -m7 1‹|o|oŠb1b|‹ĺ Journal of Ethnopharmacologyķ119ķƐƑƖŋƐƒƓĺ

$bvv;u-m7ķ!ĺķş+o†m]ķ!ĺŐƑƏƐƒőĺEssential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care

ProfessionalsrrĺƑƒŋƒѶĺ&ĹѴv;ˆb;u;-Ѵ|_"1b;m1;vĺ

&mѴ†ķ ĺķ u];m;ķ ĺķ &mѴ†ķ ĺ (ĺķ ,;‹|bmo]Ѵ†ķ ĺ "ĺķ ş (†u-Ѵķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƏőĺ olrovb|bomķ-m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹-m7bmˆb|uo1‹|o|oŠb1b|‹o=;vv;m|b-Ѵ obѴ=uolCinnamomum zeylanicum BlumeŐLauraceaeőĺFood and Chemical

Toxicologyķ48ķƒƑƕƓŋƒƑѶƏĺ

(bl-Ѵ-m-|_-mķ "ĺķ ş †7vomķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƓőĺ m|bŊbm=Ѵ†;mŒ- ˆbu†v -1|bˆb|‹ o= ;vv;m|b-ѴobѴv-m7ˆ-rouvĺAmerican Journal of Essential Oil and Natural

Productsķ2ķƓƕŋƔƒĺ

)-m]ķ)ĺķbķĺķ†oķĺķ,†ķ+ĺķş==;u|_ķ$ĺŐƑƏƐƑőĺm|b0-1|;ub-Ѵ-1|bˆb|‹ -m7 -m|b1-m1;u -1|bˆb|‹ o= Rosmarinus officinalis Lĺ ;vv;m|b-Ѵ obѴ 1olŊ r-u;7|o|_-|o=b|vl-bm1olrom;m|vĺMoleculesķ17ķƑƕƏƓŋƑƕƐƒĺ

) Ő)ouѴ7 ;-Ѵ|_ u]-mbv-|bomőĺ ŐƑƏƐƓőĺ m|blb1uo0b-Ѵ u;vbvŊ |-m1;Ĺ ]Ѵo0-Ѵ u;rou| om v†uˆ;bѴѴ-m1;ĺ _||rĹņņ-rrvĺ‰_oĺbm|ņbubvņ0b|Ŋ v|u;-lņƐƏѵѵƔņƐƐƑѵƓƑņƐņƖƕѶƖƑƓƐƔѵƓƕƓѶō;m]ĺr7=ĵ†-ƷƐĺ -v| -11;vv;7Ƒƒ ;1;l0;uƑƏƐѵĺ

)†ķ"ĺķ-|;Ѵķĺĺķoo|_ķĺĺķ;|1-Ѵ=ķĺĺķbmķĺĺķş)†ķ)ĺŐƑƏƐƏőĺ uo|;1|bˆ;;vv;m|b-ѴobѴ-||;m†-|;vbm=Ѵ†;mŒ-ˆbu†vbm=;1|bomĹmbmˆb|uo v|†7‹bm 1;ѴѴvĺBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicineķ10ķ 69.

,ou;ķĺĺķ$_-hu;ķĺ ĺķ-7_-ˆķ"ĺķş-u†rr-‹bѴķ"ĺĺŐƑƏƐƐőĺ$;ur;mob7v inhibit Candida albicans ]uo‰|_ 0‹ -==;1|bm] l;l0u-m; bm|;]ub|‹ -m7 -uu;v|o=1;ѴѴ1‹1Ѵ;ĺPhytomedicineķ18ķƐƐѶƐŋƐƐƖƏĺ