I
.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF
PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
IN TH.
E WEST-INDIES
MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES ETRANGERES
FONDS INTER-CARAIBESGUIDE TO THE USE OF
PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
IN THE WEST-INDIES
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,
Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Authors
Eric Pantaloni
FRGDEC Languedoc / Roussillon
Collaborators:
Jean-Gilbert Theissen, Roland Pierrot
Ministere de !'agriculture - MCP
Christian Chabrier
CIRAD-FLHOR Martinique
MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE ET DE LA PECHE
MISSION DE COOPERATION PHYTOSANITAIREGUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - - IN THE WEST-INDIES - -
-FOREWORD
CONTENTS OF THE MANUAL
The manual describes only part of integrated crop protection
,
that of the use of
phytopharmaceutical products sold by the crop protection industry according to
technical standards
,
regulations and commercial rules which can be verified by
anybody
.
The data concerning active ingredients are limited to a short description of the
substances influencing product characteristics and especially environmental impact.
In the manual, commercial products sold to farmers and gardeners are described
according to their formulations and toxicological data
.
PREPARATION
The manual includes and combines data from three sources - agrochemicals
companies
,
national plant protection services and the Mission de Cooperation
Phytosanitaire (MCP).
Companies were questioned specially for the work and provided all the
non-confidential
i
nformation necessary
.
The names of those that replied to the survey and
which manufacture and sell pesticides for West-Indies are listed on pag
e
6
.
LAYOUT OF THE MANUAL
The manual has been designed logically. General observations on products, toxicity,
regulations and precautions for use are followed by a section on the cho
i
ce of active
ingredients recommended for specific crop health problems and the commercial
products which contain the active ingredient in question, the compan
i
es which
manufacture
,
formulate or distribute them. Finally
,
this procedure can be performed
in the opposite direction using indexes
:
consulting a given trade name gives product
characteristics and the pests or diseases targeted
.
The layout is convenient with rapid access to information by using tables of active
ingredients and product sheets
.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS INTHEWESTINDIES
-READERSHIP
This manual is not intended for farmer end-users who would only use a fraction of
the data but more for "information intermediaries" such as agricultural advisers of all
kinds, co-operative technicians and extension workers, producers' groups,
development and state companies and all those involved in the marketing of
phytopharmaceutical products (importers, state agents, donors, etc
.
)
.
The manual may also be a source of general information for national registration
committees where they exist and for departments responsible for plant protection
regulations elsewhere.
List of the companies mentioned in the manual (see directory page 199)
Within the guide
Abbott Laboratories
American Cyanamid Co
.
BASF A.G.
Bayer A.G.
CFPI Agro
DowElanco
Elf Atochem Agri
Du Pont de Nemours
FMC Corp.
Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH
ISK Biosciences Corp.
Merck AgVet
Monsanto Co.
Novartis Crop Protection A.G.
Rhone-Poulenc Agro
Sumitomo Chemical Company
Zeneca Agrochemicals
Abbott
Cyanamid
BASF
Bayer
CFPI
DowElanco
Elf Atochem
Du Pont
FMC
AgrEvo
ISK
Merck
Monsanto
Novartis
Rhone-Poulenc
Sumitomo
Zeneca
NOTICE TO THE READER
The authors cannot be held to be responsible for any errors or om1ss1ons in
information concerning the agricultural chemicals mentioned in this work and the
companies which market them
. Users should at all times conform to the instructions
on the label or instruction leaflets accompanying the products.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS IN THE WESTINDIES
-TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...
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PART I:
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Using the tables
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PART Ill:
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Insecticides, acaricides, nematicides
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Herbicides ...
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Miscellaneous
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PART IV: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS ...
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INDEXES ...
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Alphabetical index of active ingredients ...
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Alphabetical index of commercial products ....
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Vegetables and fruits harvested in the West-Indies
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Conversion factors (measurements) ...
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Directory ...
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - - IN THE WEST-INDIES - - - --
-LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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species
CIRAD
FIC
FRGDEC
MCP
WHO
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Centre de Cooperation lnternationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Developpement (Centre for
International Cooperation in Agronomic Research for
Development)
Fonds lnter-Cararbes
Federation Regionale des Groupements de Defense contre
les Ennemis des Cultures
Mission de Cooperation Phytosanitaire
World Health Organisation
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - - IN THE WEST-INDIES
-PARTI
GENERALITIES
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - - -- - IN THE WEST-INDIES
-1. TOXICITY
AND RISKS
1.1. Definitions
The toxicity of a substance is defined by its ability to cause damage when ingested by a
living organism.
The risk consists of the potential for causing damage, with on the one hand the
probability of damage occurring and on the other the seriousness of such damage.
Exposure of a living organism (animal or plant) to a pesticide, i.e. the risk run by the
organism depends on several factors:
-
the chemical properties of the product (breakdown, type of effect, etc.),
-
product concentration and duration of exposure,
-
the biology of the organism involved
.
Risks for human health and/or the environment are examined for a substantial number
of active substances and/or commercial products. These toxicological studies are aimed
at showing the results of ingestion of crop protection products.
The pictograms used help to show the risks (to human health and the environment)
during handling of the products.
1.2. Toxicological classification of substances according to WHO (World Health
Organization) standards
Acute LDso (rat) (mg/kg)
WHO hazard class
Oral
Dermal
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
la
Extremely hazardous
5 or less
20 or less
10 or less
40 or less
lb
Highly hazardous
5-50
20-200
10-100
40
-
400
II
Moderately hazardous
50-500
200-2000
100-1000 400-4000
Ill
Slightly hazardous
> 500
> 2000
> 1000
>4000
Table 5
Technical products unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use
Table 6
Technical products not included in the classification and believed to be obsolete
or discontinued for use as pesticides
Table 7
List of gaseous o
r
volatile fumigants not classified under the WHO recommended
classification of pesticides by hazard
LDso
is the concentration of a toxic substance in mg per kg live weight that causes the
death of 50
% of the laboratory animals to which it is administered
.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - - -- IN THE WESTINDIES
-1.3. Classification of commercial crop protection preparations according to EC
standards
Since most of the plant protection products marketed in the West-Indies are produced
by European companies
,
hazard information for human health has been given by those
companies according to EC regulations as follows
:
·~ illl
r¥l
VERYTOXIC
~
l:J
Active ingredients
armful if swallowed ritating to eyes and skin
g/1
[!]
~
:Jl
CORROSICountries where available
Criteria for classification, indication of danger and choice of risk phrases
Active ingredients
EC classification
LDso
Oral
Very toxic
25 or less
Toxic
25- 200
Harmful
200- 2000
Precision associated to
if swallowed
the classification
LD
s
o Oral (rat) in mg/kg
LDso Dermal (rat or rabbit) in mg/kg
LC
so
Inhalation (rat) in mg!litre/4hr
Acute toxicity
LCso
Inhalation
LDso
Dermal
aerosols or gases orparticulates vapours
50 or less
0
.
25 or less
0
.
5 or less
50-400
0.25-1
0
.
5
-
2
400- 2000
1-5
2-20
in contact with
byinhalation
skin
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS IN THE WESTINDIES
-Solids
5 or less
5-50
50-500
Commercial products
References
Oral
LDso,
mg/kg of body weight (rat)
Liquids
25 or less
25-200
200-2000
Classification
Very toxic
Toxic
Harmful
Percutaneous
LDso,
mg/kg of body weight (rat or rabbit)
Solids
10 or less
10-100
100-1000
Liquids
50 or less
50-400
400-4000
LCso
(4 hour inhalation), mg/litre air (rat)
Very toxic
Toxic
Harmful
Gases
,
fumigants, aerosols
,
powder (diameter of particles less than 50 microns)
2. LABELS
0
.
5 or less
0.5
-
2
2-20
Very toxic
Toxic
Harmful
Labels are a visual aid and a support for conc
i
se, practical
,
easily-understood
information on the procedure for using a product and for protecting the user and the
environment from risk of accident. A label bears the following features:
-
phrases specifying type of exposure or the special nature of risks,
-
phrases recommending care to be taken during storage and before, during and
after handling and emergency procedure in case of accident,
-
all necessary information concerning product composition, the way it affects
pests
,
doses and recommended application methods
,
-
all useful information for good use
,
e.g. the possibility of combination with other
products, the risk of secondary effects according to weather conditions
,
etc.).
When the pack is small, a leaflet to complete the label should accompany each unit sold
separately.
However, the label will not replace the explanations that the distributor can provide.
Thus, it is strongly recommended that you should consult your distributor if you have the
slightest hesitation concerning the handling of pesticides.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
- IN THE WESTINDIES
-3. HANDLING AND STORAGE PRECAUTIONS
It is also recommended to take the following precautions when handling any crop
protection product, and even those considered to be non-toxic.
3.1. Storage
~
~
[0
Keep in a locked place out of the reach of children
.
Keep the recipient tightly closed in a cool
, well-ventilated place.
Do not smoke during use.
3.2. Preparation for application
Any decision to spray should be well considered and all use of the product must be
justified:
-
identification of the crop and its stage of growth,
-
identification of the pest to be controlled.
When the decision to spray has been taken
:
-
determine the precise area to be sprayed,
-
choose an effective product for the problem,
-
obtain information from technicians, firms or representatives concerning the
dosage and spraying methods,
-
check that your equipment is in good working order.
Before handling the product:
-
read the label carefully,
-
find out and use the dosage specified,
-
respect application periods, pre-harvest intervals and precautions for use.
Respecting a number of basic principles which apply to most cases should enable
better results and reduce risk for the user,
those around him, consumers and the
environment.
Take the fullest possible precautions during the preparation phase. The risk is very high
during preparation of a mix or a solution because the product handled is highly
concentrated. Protect yourself effectively from accidental splashing
, dust or fumes (refer
on labels)
.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS IN THE WESTINDIES
-3.3. Spraying
Do not spray on windy days to avoid all drift
.
Check that the preparation (mix, powder, etc.) does not touch the operator of the
neighbouring area.
Wear appropriate protection (refer on labels).
3.4. After spraying
Clean the apparatus carefully and replace all worn parts - especially nozzles
.
Store
used containers before returning them to the distributor who will then return them to the
manufacturer. In order to protect the environment, packaging should not be rinsed or
discarded at the site of spraying. Risk-free disposal is obligatory.
• Combustible packaging:
-
paper bags, cloth, plastics, empty cardboard boxes and crates,
-
empty, well-rinsed plastic containers (except for PVC)
.
Burn in a strong fire and at distance from dwellings or frequented routes, taking wind
direction into account. Do not breathe in the smoke.
• Non-combustible packaging
:
. empty, well-rinsed metal containers
:
-
50 and 200 I drums: return to the supplier, sell to a firm dealing
i
n used containers
or take to sanitary landfill dump. Do not re-use for any purpose,
-
small containers (up to 20 I): after rinsing, dispose of at a public dump or bury at
least 50 cm deep at a private disposal site
.
Do not re-use for any purpose.
3.5. Special precautions
• In case of accidental splashing of skin or eyes
:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water. Rinse eyes
immediately with water and consult a doctor or a dispensary
.
• In case of intoxication:
If the victim is hardly conscious or unconscious
,
place him with his head on the side.
Alert a doctor or dispensary, showing them the package and the label of the product.
Never give the patient anything to drink and especially not milk or alcoholic drinks.
Do not make the patient vomit, unless this is advised on the label of the product and, in
this case, only if he is conscious.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
- IN THE WESTINDIES
-PART II
CHOICE OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - -- - - IN THE WEST-INDIES - - - -
-USING THE TABLES
The tables below show a choice of active ingredients according to the pests,
diseases and weeds previously identified
.
They are sometimes designed for more
specific treatments (soil treatment, seed treatment, treatment of stored products),
enabling effective control by application of the recommended amounts of active
ingredients.
Each pest is associated with active ingredients and crop categories (vegetables,
fruits, ornamentals, plus potatoes and bananas). Each active ingredient refers to a
sheet in the list (Part Ill) covering the properties of the active ingredient in question
and information on the corresponding commercial products (Part IV).
The amounts of active ingredients for open field treatments are generally given in
g/ha or kg/ha but sometimes in g/plant (especially for orchard crops)
.
It should be
noted that we did not mention amounts in g/hl although it is the correct unit for
water-based sprays which must wet all the foliage in orchard crops. When necessary,
divide by ten the amounts in g/ha to obtain the amount in g/hl. In this case, the
amount of spray preparation depends on the amount of foliage and may exceed 10
hi/ha
.
Amounts are also given in g/100 kg for stored products, in g/m
2and g/m
3for
premises and g/kg for baits.
You can easily convert metric measurements in imperial or US measurements by
using the table page 195
.
Pre-harvest
intervals are not given in this manual. As a matter of fact,
they greatly
depend on both the target crop and the climate conditions. Moreover, there is very
few datas concerning pre-harvest intervals in tropical countries
.
Therefore,
when
choosing a plant protection product, users should at all times conform to the
use specified
by
law (registration) and/or the use recommended
by
manufacturers
.
GUIDE TO THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS - - -- - - -- INTHEWEST-INDIES - - - -
-PESTS
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SOIL INSECTS
.
...
....
....
....
...
..
.
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...
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31
All pests .
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31
Cutworms ..
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. 31
Maggots
...
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. 31
Weevils
.
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31
White grubs ...
...
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31
Wireworms
...
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32
NEMATODES
...
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.
32
OTHER PESTS
...
...
...
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...
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...
.
..
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.
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...
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.
..
..
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....
33
STORAGE INSECTS
.
.
...
..
...
...
...
....
.
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...
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...
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. 33
MOLLUSCS
...
..
...
...
.
...
....
..
...
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....
...
...
.
... .
33
RODENTS ..
..
...
...
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...
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..
..
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...
....
...
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...
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..
... 33
21AERIAL
PESTS
Pests
Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
G"l C i5 m --t 0 --t I62
I
,~
_u, zm --tO I"T1 m-o"'Cl
~>
I\JI
r
--,
·
~
rn;imF>n
-;;:i
,
;---,
--=~n
+
1~n
-~/h;i -~ ,~
-,
m I\J en u,z --t --t--t en ' "Oz::o
c:,O ---t mm (/)() ::j 0z
"O ;:o65
I
18
C ()·""
·
~
-1
I
ciJ
66+{8
67
~
1
~--
68
69
N (;)
Pests
MITES
(cont'd)
INSECTS
Aphids
~,,
Active
ingredients
fenbutatin
oxide
+
flufenoxuron
fenpr9p
j
th.~n
hexythiazox
Crops
Doses
Pages
59
60
'
N .i,.
Pests
INSl:GTS
1&i
nt'd)
;,r,.,' •• ,"1Wlll ... ,..-.('O ~ ;·~,Aphids
(cont'd)
~"1Pfl'~.:S{~
~-,
~ h'fa;,,,, • .-,Jt'l~i '.{~-Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
G)70
I
1£
0 m --l70
I
I~
::c m C _(/) zm --lO ::C"T'I m-c "II m~~
(/) rnz -i --l--l (/) .!.. "II z;:o oO ---l mm (/)() ::! 0 z "II ;:o 0 0 C () --l (/)Pests
Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
'
INSECTS
{con]J!l.
.
Aphids
(cont'd)
~ar~thion
vegetables
200-225
g/ha
76
·%.-~-;'t)',,,~ --,.1
.
~-250
"~~~!fruits
g/ha
.
".
ornamentals
200-250
g/ha
,,
_
permetfirin
vegetables'
,,;,:,.:·,
so
"
-7§
Q/ha
~77
ornamentals
50
g/ha
G) Cphosalone
vegetables
600
g/ha
77
5 mfruits
600
g/ha
--j 0ornamentals
600
g/ha
--j ::cpirimicarb
vegetables
375
g/ha
77
m Cpotatoes
250
g/ha
_(J) zm --jQfruits
375
g/ha
::c-ri m-c ;.ornamentals
375
g/ha
"U~s;:
I\) m 01tau-fluvalinate
vegetables
48-72
g/ha
79
(/) CJlz --j --j--j (/)48
T
72
' "Ufruits
g/ha
z;o...
c:,Otralomethrin
fruits
17.3
g/ha
81
---j mmtriazamate
vegetables
·
10
:
g/ha
(J)C')81
--j 6potatoes
105
g/ha
z
vamidothion
"1lfruits
500
g/ha
81
;o ~ 0ornamentals
500
g/ha
0 Calpha-9rp~rm~thrin
potatoes
12
.
5
g/ha
60
C') --j (J)cyfluthrin
potatoes
15
g/ha
65
cyeermethrin
;
'
vegetables
25
g/ha
66
potatoes
20
g/ha
deltamethrin
,.
vegetables
~<'
"
q-"
7.5
g/ha
66
.... ~ " . ,_'O(><, ·-""'potatoes
7
.
5
g/ha
endosulfan
potatoes
"'
350
_
9
,ha
68
fenvalerate
potatoes
50
g/ha
70
Pests
Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
-- --- --~--~--- •r··-··-·--
---INSECTS
(cont'd)
Beetles
(cont'd)
I
lambda-cyhalothrin
I
vegetables
5
-7
.
5
g/ha
I
74
-····--~
·
-potatoes
'>j>, _____·---~-%
--·7,5
g/ha
methidathion
potatoes
300
g/ha
75
-~-
---
----parathion
vegetables
-· .·><,. ··---·-~-225
g/ha
76
· --·-phosalone
potatoes
600
g/ha
77
G> Ctau
:
~uvalinate
-~-
--
·-a
potato~s
48
g/ha
79
""--···---· -mthiocyclam
vegetables
150
-500
g/ha
80
-I 0----·-~
--Ipotatoes
150
-500
g/ha
:x: ~ -U!JSI
cypermethrin
+
profenofos
vegetables
40
+
400
g/ha
66
+78
m C..····~.
-_en
endosulfan
fruits
61Q
g/ha
68
zm _,, -"' __ ,, ... -\'8, --10lambda-cyhalothrin
fruits
7.5
g/ha
74
:z:,i---
-~--. ---,,,. -m-o N,
.
-_____
,,,.__
I
permethrin
vegetables
50-75
g/ha
77
-~
~>
-
---.
-O>Caterpillars
acephate
vegetables
500
-750
g/ha
59
VI enz~-·-
--.--cil
-;i~alpha-cypermethrin
vegetables
10
g/ha
60
z::u · - -·---"'---. -~ -oOBacillus
thuringiensis
all
crops
61
---1 mm-
~
----~-..._-
-- ·-enobifenthrin
vegetables
20
g/ha
62
-I----
---· -0fru
i
ts
30
g/ha
z
--0carbaryl
I
fru
i
ts
··
1500
g/ha
63
::u -~~~---
·-·-
·
-0cyfluthrin
vegetables
15
g/ha
65
0 C-
---·-· ----·· .. -()fruits
15
g/ha
-I--
---
-
-en
ornamentals
15
g/ha
···
-..,.,.~....--
---cypermethrin
I
vegetables
30
g/h
~
a
I
66
-
----
-¥--
---fruits
30
g/ha
cypermethrin
+
profenofos
I
vegetables
"'"'""''·-···""'· i:il,l10
+
400
g/ha
I
66
;!-78
deltamethrin
vegetables
7.5
-12.5
g/ha
66
fruits
7]
""..
_
17.5
g/ha
ornamentals
7.5
g/ha
Pests
Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
INSEfTS
(
g
o
11
t
'
g)
..
Caterpillars
(cont'd)
~..;· ~, 'i'.24
.
8
g/ha
Pests
I
Active
ingredients
I
Crops
I
Doses
I
Pages
lNSEg'T~
(gont'd),
-T> ----'~(.;,:Flies
I
acephate
vegetables
500
g/ha
59
~12.[f~nvinphos
---·-,-veg~tables
--
---
·---?-~
~·--~-~-
----600
g/ha
61
diazinon
vegetables
300
g/ha
67
-.,:,,---fruits
'"
,..,,.--t:: ~~·300
g/ha
---' ~ ~~---~~ ... ....=.-__ ....,;:,,...,_ ...dimethoate
vegetables
300
g/ha
68
G>-·--·-·---~-.,,..-·----,-.--~·
--'=
Ifruits
a ~ ~ -~---Y300
g/ha
0 " £;.'.;---·
~. _,__. ,.,,, mfenthion
fruits
550
g/ha
70
-4 0formothion
-~·--··-~----..vegetables
,,.-.--·----~--:-..1405
-505
g/ha
-4 •;72
~-'-~~-···--:c-
--mfruits
338
-505
g/ha
C " --d0~
Y,a,ml29!bi
0'2
..."""-
----fnJits'
---·--~
_en50Q.
_
glha
81
zm ~~.-'f.,"<,_,.,__ ~-,:~Tu, ____ ,,,.,,.,_,T __ . __ ,..a ~ -40Leafhoppers
cyfluthrin
fruits
35
g/ha
65
:c.,,-~--
---·--veget1:1bles
---· -·-('.~;;:;.':I ;:m_...,,.,.-
-m,:, NI
~ ... N<i'< ... """--deltamethrin
!AA<""""12.5
~
g/ha
66
~
~>
---.,._,_ _______ , __________~·'
-
--~ CDfruits
12.5
g/ha
en cnzlambda-cyhalothf!p
--vegetables
>ti'~~---~.---,·----··c -t;>-·-·-
,,,.,-12.~
g/ha
--·
cil
-;-i~74
z::o
----·-"'·--
-
--oOfruits
12.5
g/ha
--4 mmLea!,miners
~
----__
tl:l~<!mectin
---~--r----
·-9
-21
-g/ha
':'<' ~';."' cno_veg~tab~s
59
-4 ~---,·-·---····----'---~
-6
bifenthrin
fruits
30
g/ha
62
z
" 1'
cytiuthrin
IruTts
•i[t ~...
ff
'"
g7ha
65
--,:, ::0 --0fruits
30
g/ha
66
0 Cv
egetables
,..--- --~~..--n40(
f
iji~a
-~66
~--() -4 ---- >'11<-.>-y .. y-~ ··-··· -(/)ornamentals
400
g/ha
deltamethrin
~-~~ • nI
_fruits
?_
~_·:
=--
~---"":
7.5
-1
].
5
°
g{ha
_
6§
100
g/ha
70
.:'-,-·
--~
.--·
.
-1
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nv
aierate
-~~-:;~
...
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:-..
7'
~
75
,:S
fl:la
~
_
JO.:
~ ·----·-0--"'" ---... ~ ~ ~~fenvalerate
+
fenitrothion
fruits
37.5
-187
.
5
g/ha
70
+69
!JTl!S
la
~
o
JID.S
-~ 'JIU': NIM_,fruits
.,
---
~-?O
giha
>N-~-73
-. ..;£.. "'-
~-_,.,...;;i.. •• ~ -·""·'·
-lambda-cyhalothri
n
fruits
7.5
-17.5
g/ha
74
Pests
I\J (0Active
ingredients
alpha-cypermethrin
-·""'*"'"'""""
1:
bltenthrm
0it;;;,;;;;:1M
.-,." .~ '\(!;.~~ · ,-,:· · i: ~ :) /&''*-" Mcypermethrin
+
profenofos
Crops
Doses
Pages
G) C i5 m79
-i 079
-i :r80
m C59
·
_(JJ zm -iO :r "T1 m-a -a ~!j;; m (/) (JJZ -i -i -i (/) '-az:ll
oO65
--i mm (JJ(') 'ff' -i 0z
-a :lJ 0 0 C (') -i (JJ66
+78
Pests
Active
ingredients
Crops
Doses
Pages
INSECTS
.·
(cont'c/J
ttr.:
-~-T
....
_;g.,;:~Thrips
(cont'd)
---,.,..,.. , .I
~
el1!1m;t~
!"!
n
-~~
1
.
Ye
~
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c1bles
ws.,,,,.._,.,,._-,~----.;-·-1
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.
5
,
i
(
ha
,
1
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::
. ,~
1
I
~
. ';:° ,'.f:W1 cnrln~• ilf'on X<O' ,<, • "· fnu+~ ~ {t ,.,..,.;:.. /.·..," ··_ ;~_ ,:><; A1n ' n/h~-
~-72
0 --i :i:74
I
,~
_en zm75
--iO J:"T179
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,,
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wr
.
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.
.
JJl:;i•
fn.l1ts
<
•
68
.
,,
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.... ~:,f'%j.'k~; ; ~ ,,;,,-"" ~· --,,,v<'.,j . ~ -· --... ~-·
oO74
--1 mm62
-enn I :::! 0z
63
-,
I
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0 0 C66
() --i 00+78
en 11~,
j
cye;r
!:!!
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l
e~otos
I
~~;~:i~
-~>:~zir
l
nNTu1
~~
~~
;
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w§6
'
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~~meth
_
•:m
.
.
-~
-
-~--llo-~-..;;...-
)'~~g-~--
"""'-~permethrin
veaetables
50
-75
a/ha
77
Pests
SOIL
IN~§C!S
All
pests
C!JtwO~n,lJ
White
SOIL
BORNE
PESTS
Active
ingredients
Crops
all
crops
Doses
Pages
74
74
81
"
-~<,) N
