NRC-IRC Full-scale Facilities for Hygrothermal and Whole House Performance Assessment

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Maref, W.; Armstrong, M. M.; Saber, H. H.; Swinton, M. C.; Ganapathy, G.; Nichols, M.; Abdulghani, K.; Rousseau, M.; Entchev, E.; Szadkowski, F.; Ruest, K.

NRC-IRC Full-scale Facilities for

Hygrothermal and Whole House

Performance Assessment

National Research Council Canada

FEWF Team: Wahid Maref, Hamed Saber, Marianne Armstrong,

Gnanamurugan Ganapathy, Mike Nicholls

March 30, 2011

Presenter: Mike Swinton

CCHT Team: Mike Swinton, Marianne Armstrong, Evgueniy Entchev*,

Frank Szadkowski*, Ken Ruest**

*Natural Resources Canada

Content

Field Exposure of Walls Facility

• Background

• Features

• Example Projects & Analysis

Twin Houses at the Canadian Centre for

Housing Technology

• Background & Facility Description

• Envelope Applications

IRC Field Exposure of Wall Facility

(FEWF)

Lab-EEEF

Conditioning Chamber on

the Room Side

Wall specimen EXT. INT. Conditioning chamber Moisture-laden air exfiltration

Example Schedule of Indoor

Conditions

Condition Pressure RH Opening Week

A 0 Pa 70% None 7 B 5 Pa 50% 6 mm 3 days in week 8 (22 to 24 Feb) C 5 Pa ~30% 3 mm 2 days in week 11 (16 to 17 Mar) D 0 Pa 50% 3 mm 15

DETEC_9 DETEC_11 T_10 T_8 16.0 T_9 RHT_7 DETEC_14 DETEC_13 DETEC_12 MP_1 2.0 DETEC_10 T_7 _{RHT_6} 15.0 2.0 20.0 17.0 3.0

LAYER 4 - Interior Face of OSB

HF_1 (W2 only) JW_3 DETEC Thermistor Heat Flux Moisture Pin Wireless Relative Humidity

LAYER 7 - Interior Face of Drywall 17.0 15.0 T_18 T_17 RHT_10 (air) T_16 T_15 7.0 T_19 (W2 and W3 only) Thermocouple

W3

W2

IRC Field Exposure of

Wall Facility (FEWF)

Roadmap

• Year 1 (2006-2007) Commission the facility by monitoring three identical test specimens of traditional construction through Fall, Winter and Spring.

• Year 2 (2007-2008) Investigated the effects of two energy retrofit strategies on the wetting and drying potential of wall assemblies.

• Year 3 (2008-2009) Investigated the effects of the interior air/vapour barrier polyethylene membrane on the wetting and drying potential of wall assemblies and extending the project with CMHC & NRCan for one retrofit strategy.

• Year 4 (2009-2010) Investigate the dynamic heat transmission characteristics through Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) wall assemblies over a full year cycle of weather exposure.

• Year 5 (2010-2011) Assess the thermal performance of Next Generation Envelope Systems (I.e. Vacuum Insulated Panel insulated systems)

• Year 6 and beyond Investigate the performance of wall specimens of different innovative designs based on industrial collaboration/partnership.

Exterior

Interior

R20 2X6 typical Addition of a Low Air and Addition of a High Air and Vapour

Interior

Detail B Detail A

Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3

Wall 1 –No

exterior insulation

Wall 2 – LowerAir and Vapour Permeance Wall 3 –HigherAir and Vapour Permeance

•Vinyl Siding

•Sheathing Membrane (Tyvek) •OSB

•2x6 Stud Cavity with Fiberglass Insulation •Plastic Air/Vapour Barrier

•Drywall

•Vinyl Siding

•2 in. XPS Rigid Foam Insulation, 24 in. wide sections installed horizontally, butt joints taped

•Sheathing Membrane (Tyvek) •OSB

•2x6 Stud Cavity with Fiberglass Insulation •Plastic Air/Vapour Barrier

•Drywall

•Vinyl Siding

•Sheathing Membrane (Tyvek)

•¾ in. x 1½ in. Vertical Strapping @ 16 in. (400 mm) o.c. mounted on blocks, with 2.5 in. Mineral Fibre Insulation Batts installed horizontally

•Sheathing Membrane (Tyvek) •OSB

•2x6 Stud Cavity with Fiberglass Insulation •Plastic Air/Vapour Barrier

•Drywall

Plan View of the Test Specimens in Test Bay

Exterior

Interior

Installation of Semi-rigid Mineral Fibre

and XPS Insulation

Pressure, Wind speed and direction -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

8-Apr-07 9-Apr-07 10-Apr-07 11-Apr-07 12-Apr-07 13-Apr-07 14-Apr-07 15-Apr-07

Date and Time

P re s s ure (Pa ) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 W ind s pe e d (km /h) P1 - Pressure at Exterior P2 - Pressure Behind Cladding P3 - Pressure in Stud Cavity Chamber Pressure N wind E wind S wind W wind

Condition D: 0 Pa, 50% RH, 3mm opening

East winds cause the exterior pressure to be below the interior pressure, resulting in exfiltration conditions

Interior / Intérieur Exterior / Extérieur 6 7 1 5 2 3 4 Layer

Plastic Air/Vapour Barrier Drywall

Vinyl Siding Sheathing Membrane

Stud Cavity with Fiberglass Insulation OSB

Material

Wall 2 Horizontal Cross Section

-5.1 70 65 -4.3 67 -2.9 100 -0.9 29 20.8 27 23.0 -3.1 -3.0 1.5 0.3 18.8 19.3 21.2 21.4 6.91 8 6.20 9 6.72 8 Week 11 16-Mar-07

Condition C: 5 Pa, 30% RH, 3mm opening

• The interior of the room is at 27% RH, the humidity behind the air/vapour barrier is 29% RH – indicating that moisture is being introduced through the opening

• The location with the highest RH is the interior of the OSB, at 100% - condensation would be expected

Interior Exterior

T RH

Insulating Concrete Form Walls – In Situ

Mass Effect

Background

Built in 1998

Collaborative Effort:

• National Research Council Canada (NRC) • Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)

(Contributions from 37 companies)

Mission

Accelerate the development of new technologies and their acceptance in the marketplace.

Showcase the Canadian Construction System to national and international audiences.

Twin-House Research Facility

To assess the whole-house

performance of energy

efficient technologies

One technology at a time

Side-by-side comparisons

Reference and Test Houses

Identical construction

Typical R-2000 houses (Higher Efficiency Standard in Canada)

Wall insulation RSI 3.5, Attic RSI 8.6

Low-emissivity argon-filled windows

Airtightness now 1.5 ach @ 50 Pa

High efficiency gas heating (91%)

Simulated Occupancy

 Sensible heat loads of a family of four  Appliances and lighting

Data Acquisition

 300+ temperature sensors  RH Sensors on each floor  Electric, gas, water meters

Technology Assessment

Over 40 technologies assessed:

• Space and Water Heating Systems

• Energy Savings Devices

• Micro Combined Heat and Power

• Alternative Energy

• Envelopes:

o

Basements

o

Windows & Shading

o

Attics & Roofing

Envelope Technologies – Windows

& Shading

Shading studies:

• Exterior shades

• Reflective interior shades

High and low solar heat gain

windows

Window Transmission

High Solar Gain on Surface 3 Low Solar Gain on Surface 2

Linear (High Solar Gain on Surface 3) Linear (Low Solar Gain on Surface 2)

Surface Temperature Studies

Surface Temperature (°C) - Bin Size: 5°C

Experiment - South On Shingles

Experimental House Control House

Mock-up of Breathable Interior Insulation System

Discussion