Structure of vegetation in Northern and Central Tunisia and protective measures Boussaïd M., Ben Fadhel N., Chemli R., Ben M' hamed M. in

in

Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.).

Wild food and non-food plants: Information networking Chania : CIHEAM

Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 38 1999

pages 295-302

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--- Boussaïd M., Ben Fadhel N., Chemli R., Ben M'hamed M. Stru ctu re of vegetation in N orth ern an d Cen tral Tu n isia an d protective measu res. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Wild food and non-food plants: Information networking. Chania : CIHEAM, 1999. p. 295-302 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 38)

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OF

Boussdid N. Ben Fadhel

National des Sciences Appliqutes et de Technologie, BP 676,1080 Tunis

.

Cedex, Tunisia.

Chemli

Ben

de Tunis

Facult6 de Pharmacie de

Vegetation in Tunisia is mainly made up steppe

the of the

The founding of 7 14

the steps taken to the

Tunisia, these situ, should be associated with ex

STEPPES,

A local and its evolution makes up the foundation of any

115 families and 742

kinds which ¿k al.

34 taxa, of

T h e of on ;

of of

a

of of

by

of the

- -

populations (Table 1).

of calls

d a t e and composition of

shall of

native

of is well known in Tunisia

1957;1962). of

of

We shall also mention with the as well

Composition, often a good of the state of the

The main forest species

Querm faginea is in in wet and sub-wet

bioclimatic zones. 1960, it l0 O00 ha and 30 O00 ha when mixed with Queras

saber. m is 800 Ain

Zana, Ain El Fedja it is accompanied by clumps of Querm afares with which it can

,

Alnus

glutinosa,

accompanied by aqu~olium, Hubm ulm$olizizcs, Agrimonia eupatoria,

Brachypodam gZvutimm, Cyclamen etc.

Qzm-cm saber is mainly situated in in

Ain 500 to 600 m on the acidic slopes facing south.

is about 800 mm of T h e existence of

small clumps of is

evidence of is O00 and 130

O00 ha. Arbutas a~~ea’o, arborea, Cistm saluifoìh, Cytkas lentism,

comnzzmk, Chumerops humilk and of

depending on the altitude, make up the

10

O00 ha. soil 800-1500

altitudes less then 600m). scopariia, HaZirnhm

hahn$olium,

stoechm

Quer-m coc$era

400 is found in the semi-humid zone. T h e species

<

10 000 ha. T h e it,

by HaZimium habmfolàum,

Brachypoditm ramomm,

Thymus

of and in

T h e cocoj%ra is associated with halepmis and officimlk.

296

Qwrcza of 80 O00 ha. is

is dominated by

halepmsis

.

(400

(400 m in Zaghouan and 1200 m in ),

T h e species which accompany Q. of of

(AmpdZoa’esma mauritamìcu,

Cktu vi/lo-w,

longiflomm, Jmminum

and

hlepmk of 340

of

at the level of T h e

of 900 m

altitude). Some of t$e populations in

( T h e

of ofl&aik, Globalar& aiypum and Cistta spp..

of haZep& to continentality, altitude,the

of of

b. Present state of vegetation

T h e of of of

Q.

local

of of Ain

of

of fagieea the of have led

of of of

Arbutu medo, conanutzis and

Cktus nzompelfimis

aquibnuvzy A.s$hodeZw

microcarptar Dactykis

of coccifera. Coal-mining, tannin and coal

the of

of is T h e is

of t h e of land

in the El Oued El Abid and

T h e Q.

ihx

into woods, . Ampelodem mauritanìca,

Cktus t%/loszuy

of the is is and substitutes

(Cupressus, have difficulty adapting to t h e soil and climatic conditions.

T h e of is is the benefit of

the Cap and at the level of

Zaghouan

..J.

Ctktu, CaGycotomes and into steppes of Stipa tenacissima of Arthemesh at the level of and south

of the Tunisian of the populations

...)

T h e best plantations of

level. T h e y have been of

all the

of of

all of the species is accompanied by soil

A of (Cyfiw tn$Xom,

Feswu drymqu,

zkrbanlma,

Hed’samm

flexaosum and

H.

t h e is

soil of

led to soil

of to a selective elimination of annual

by of

coal of

Acaciz raddianu, CaZhgontcm

me4

T h e s e less of

of weed vegetation

always by the benefit of

of

O00 ha in of

T h e

by

of Yet,

of has

T h e

Quercus sder (Cytism

t?$?om,

Sylvatimm, ...

glomeratu, pinnata,

Hedysamm

...

Qzlercus ilex and

m%cea, Ducolis

... ).

the techniques of cultivation. T h e y eo and

unploughed lands have little of

298

of

( A v m

Lokiilm

soil of good

(Festwa ehtioq coembem,

tmncata, Hordmm buZbosarn,

glornerata, coronarim). of

by

of soil

of the excess of

Local or mixed, of Feshza, with an’

could help in

the of & al. 1978; Abdelkefi & a1.1992;

1994, & ai. 1995.)

is by

of T h e success of unploughed lands is

good of soil soil A

choice species, type of of t0

and annual local species of well-adapted to the good

in of these unploughed lands.

T h e by or by an

or halophilaus vegewion

to is

all of

is for

T h e

+

of is vital.

T h e by the types of

by of

...)

sinc

T h e of (Fig. 1)

of

of of taxa that have ages. These

good t h e of

.

for account the list of

of

T h e of

T h e of a of

by setting up

the effect of

T h e m e t h o d s of of of

or as those

T h e of of

of

to of

(estimated by of its use in the

T h e of

(e.g. for

These species will the basis for

Table 4: List of

plants

need to be protected

Species Acacia raddiana

Ajuga iva

Asfragalus gombo Asfmgalus fenufolius Calligonum mich Calligonum azel Capparis spinosa Cornulaq monocanfha Festuca dvmeja

Genista saharae Ghbufaria alypum

Quereus afares Hedysarum carnosum

Category and Criteria' a

VU, Cß, c

C2a C2a EN, AI VU, B2 VU, A!

Hedysarum flexuosum EX

Hedysaram humile EX

Hordeurn bul4asum

&glans regia LaUrus nobilis Marrubium deseai Medicago fursefana

Qudneya africana Panicum turgidurn Periploca heviga fa Pisfacia atlantica Prosspis síephaniana Prunus awium

Pyrus syriaca

VU, B2

a

EN,

EN, U1 A l VU, EN

B2 A l a Al a Traganüm nudatum

Abbreviations : E X extinct, CR: critically endangered, En: endangered, LR: low risk, VU: vulnerable.

'

N

T

Al.

1: Tunisian map: Location of national park( ") and reserves ^{( 0 )}

& 1995. Les Heajsumm.

phntes fourrag&es etàgazoH. (J. et F.

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1959. de 14(2), 131 p.

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302