Modes d'habiter sous contraintes. Migrantes boliviennes dans les métropoles (Espagne - Etats-Unis)

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Submitted on 4 Feb 2013

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Modes d’habiter sous contraintes. Migrantes boliviennes dans les métropoles (Espagne - Etats-Unis)

Virginie Baby-Collin

To cite this version:

Virginie Baby-Collin. Modes d’habiter sous contraintes. Migrantes boliviennes dans les métropoles

(Espagne - Etats-Unis). Historiens et géographes, Association des professeurs d’histoire et de géogra-

phie, 2012, pp.139-143. �halshs-00784431�

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Le cas des migrations féminines Philippines est le plus connu (PARREÑAS, 2005). En Espagne, la migration

latino-américaine est majoritairement féminine (53%) ; la migration bolivienne plus encore (56%) – BABY-COLLIN ET AL., 2009, OSO CASAS, 2008.

!

2 Recherche menée dans le cadre d’un programme PICS franco-argentin « Itinéraires de migrations et trajectoires de mobilité des migrants andins (Colombiens, Equatoriens, Boliviens, Péruviens) dans les métropoles, une comparaison Madrid / Barcelone / Buenos Aires », dirigé par G. CORTES et S. SASSONE (2007-2011) ; puis dans le cadre d’une délégation CNRS aux Etats-Unis (2010-2012).

3 Environ 75 entretiens ont été réalisés en Espagne, en 2009 et 2010 (hommes et femmes migrants, majoritairement Boliviens) ; une quinzaine en Bolivie et dans la mégalopolis états-unienne, en 2011.

4 Nous avons exclu les individus trop récemment arrivés, dont l’instabilité de l’habitat est spécifique.

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5 En Espagne, employée à demeure vivant au domicile de l’employeur. !

6 Situations que l’on retrouve aussi classiquement dans les migrations de travail masculines, aux Etats-Unis ou ailleurs, que le logement soit pourvu par l’employeur (lits superposés dans des maisons de chantier, chambres partagées dans les fermes agricoles) ou à l’initiative des migrants (maisons ou appartements partagés).

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

;

!

C’est bien là toute l’hypocrisie des politiques de contrôle migratoire. Les clandestins sont des ressources nécessaires aux fonctionnements économiques locaux (ils ont des emplois, sont recherchés pour la docilité induite par la vulnérabilité de leur statut, et leurs faibles salaires), mais sont exclus des droits sociaux des citadins ordinaires.

d

!

Cette situation évolue rapidement avec la mise en place de nouvelles mesures législatives de contrôle à l’échelle des territoires des Etats et des juridictions locales états-uniennes. Cf. CAPPS et al. (2011).

! ;!

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