• Aucun résultat trouvé

Vortex ring phantom for investigation of ultrasound vector flow imaging

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Vortex ring phantom for investigation of ultrasound vector flow imaging"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-01894169

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01894169

Submitted on 24 Mar 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of

sci-entific research documents, whether they are

pub-lished or not. The documents may come from

teaching and research institutions in France or

abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents

scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,

émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de

recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires

publics ou privés.

Vortex ring phantom for investigation of ultrasound

vector flow imaging

E. Badescu, S. Ambrogio, J. Fenner, H. Liebgott, D. Friboulet, David Garcia

To cite this version:

(2)

9RUWH[ULQJSKDQWRPIRULQYHVWLJDWLRQRIXOWUDVRXQG

9HFWRU)ORZ,PDJLQJ



(PLOLD%DGHVFX6LPRQH$PEURJLR-RKQ)HQQHU+HUYp/LHEJRWW'HQLV)ULERXOHW'DPLHQ*DUFLD  8QLYHUVLWpGH/\RQ&5($7,6&156805,QVHUP8,16$/\RQ8QLYHUVLWp/\RQ)UDQFH)UDQFH /HHGV7HVW2EMHFWV/WG%RURXJKEULGJH8.8QLWHG.LQJGRP 0DWKHPDWLFDO0RGHOOLQJLQ0HGLFLQH*URXS'HSDUWPHQWRI,QIHFWLRQ,PPXQLW\DQG&DUGLRYDVFXODU'LVHDVH8QLYHUVLW\RI 6KHIILHOG8.8QLWHG.LQJGRP ,QVLJQHR,QVWLWXWHIRU,Q6LOLFR0HGLFLQH8QLYHUVLW\RI6KHIILHOG6KHIILHOG8.8QLWHG.LQJGRP (PDLOHPLOLDEDGHVFX#FUHDWLVLQVDO\RQIU

$EVWUDFW² +LJK IUDPH UDWH XOWUDVRXQG DOORZV DFFXUDWH

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

ZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHURWDWLRQDODQGWKHWUDQVODWLRQDOYHORFLW\ FRPSRQHQWV IRU  HVWLPDWLRQV 2XU SUHOLPLQDU\ ' UHVXOWV VKRZHGWKDW'RSSOHUYHORFLWLHVFDQEHHVWLPDWHGLQERWKVDJLWWDO DQG D[LDO SODQHV DW WKRXVDQGV RI YROXPHV SHU VHFRQG ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ WKH YRUWH[ SKDQWRP FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG DV D JRRG FDQGLGDWHIRUWHVWLQJQRYHOKLJKIUDPHUDWHYHORFLW\HVWLPDWLRQ DSSURDFKHV

.H\ZRUGV²KLJKIUDPHUDWH LPDJLQJ YRUWH[ ULQJ YHFWRU IORZVSHFNOHWUDFNLQJ'RSSOHU



, ,1752'8&7,21

7KH HPHUJHQFH RI KLJKIUDPHUDWH XOWUDVRXQG LPDJLQJ KDVHQDEOHGVLJQLILFDQWSURJUHVVLQEORRGIORZTXDQWLILFDWLRQ DVLWPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRDFTXLUHZLGHILHOGRIYLHZVDWILQH WHPSRUDO VWHSV %HIRUH FRQVLGHULQJ EHQFKWREHGVLGH WUDQVODWLRQWKHUHLVDQHHGLQHYDOXDWLQJWKHPXOWLFRPSRQHQW WLPHUHVROYHG YHORFLW\ ILHOGV SURYLGHG E\ WKH QHZ LPDJLQJ PHWKRGV,QYLWURWHVWREMHFWVFDQEHXVHGWRSHUIRUPVXFKDQ HYDOXDWLRQ VLQFH WKH\ SURYLGH UHDOLVWLF H[SHULPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV

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

,Q WKLV FRQWH[W WKH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SUHOLPLQDU\ VWXG\ ZDV WR HYDOXDWH LI WKH YRUWH[ ULQJ SKDQWRP LV D JRRG FDQGLGDWH IRU TXDQWLI\LQJ FRPSOH[ IORZV XVLQJ KLJKIUDPH UDWHXOWUDVRXQGPHWKRGV7RDFKLHYHWKLVSXUSRVHZHFDUULHG RXW'DQG'H[SHULPHQWV  ,, 0(7+2'6 $ 9RUWH[5LQJ $YRUWH[ULQJLVDWRURLGDOYROXPHRIIOXLGPRYLQJDORQJ WKH D[LV SHUSHQGLFXODU WR WKH WRUXV SODQH [D[LV  7KH YHORFLW\DORQJWKLVD[LV ܸ௧௥௔௡௦ UHSUHVHQWHGLQUHGLQ)LJ

(3)

WKH YRUWH[ DWPRVSKHUH WKH IOXLG FLUFXODWHV DORQJ WKH FORVHG VWUHDPOLQHV VXUURXQGLQJ WKH WRURLGDO FRUH >@7KH WRURLGDO FRUH LV FRQVWLWXWHG E\ FRQFHQWULF FLUFOHV URWDWLQJ DW WKH DQJXODU YHORFLW\ Ȧ 7KH DQJXODU YHORFLW\ WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH UDGLXV RI WKH FRQFHQWULF FLUFOHV JLYH WKH URWDWLRQDO YHORFLW\ ܸ௥௢௧DVUHSUHVHQWHGLQJUHHQLQ)LJ



)LJ6WUHDPOLQHSDWWHUQRIWKHYRUWH[ULQJ



$ YRUWH[ ULQJ FDQ EH JHQHUDWHG E\ XVLQJ D F\OLQGHUSLVWRQ PHFKDQLVP WKDW HMHFWV WKH IOXLG WKURXJK D FLUFXODU RULILFH 6XFKD V\VWHP ZDVSURSRVHGLQ >@7KH SKDQWRPXVHGLQ WKLV VWXG\ ZDV D UHFHQW SURWRW\SH GHYHORSHG E\ WKH VDPH DXWKRUV



% '$FTXLVLWLRQVHWXS

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

8OWUDVRXQG YROXPHV ZHUH DFTXLUHG XVLQJ IRXU 9DQWDJH  VFDQQHUV 9HUDVRQLFV .LUNODQG :$ 86$  V\QFKURQL]HG WR FRQWURO D 0+] PDWUL[DUUD\ WUDQVGXFHU 9HUPRQ 7RXUV )UDQFH  )RU PRUH GHWDLOV DERXW WKH ' V\VWHPWKHUHDGHUFDQUHIHUWR>@



' )ORZYHORFLW\HVWLPDWLRQ

5HJDUGLQJ ' DFTXLVLWLRQV ZH HVWLPDWHG WKH YRUWH[ YHORFLW\ ILHOGV XVLQJ   HFKR3,9 E\ WUDFNLQJ WKH UHDO HQYHORSHVSHFNOHSDWWHUQVXVLQJSKDVHFRUUHODWLRQ>@DQG   D FODVVLFDO 'RSSOHU HVWLPDWRU EDVHG RQ D ' DXWRFRUUHODWRUDSSOLHGRQWKH,4GDWD

(4)

RYHU WKH  SDLUV  7KH UHJUHVVLRQ FXUYH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR YHORFLW\FRPSRQHQWVLVVKRZQLQUHG  )LJ/LQHDUUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHURWDWLRQDODQGWKHWUDQVODWLRQDO YHORFLWLHVIRURULILFHGLDPHWHUV FPDQGFP  % 'SUHOLPLQDU\UHVXOWV )LJVKRZVWKH'RSSOHUPDSVREWDLQHGIURPDYROXPHWULF LQVRQLILFDWLRQ RI WKH YRUWH[ ULQJ %RWK [] DQG \] YHORFLW\ PDSVDUHSURYLGHG



)LJ''RSSOHUYHORFLW\FRPSRQHQWVIRUWKH[]DQG\]SODQHV

 ,9 ',6&866,21

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

G\QDPLFV*URXQGWUXWKYHORFLWLHVFDQDOVREHJLYHQGLUHFWO\ E\ RSWLFDOSDUWLFOHLPDJH YHORFLPHWU\ >@:HDOVRSODQ WR GHVLJQ DQ 05,FRPSDWLEOH SURWRW\SH WR DOORZ FRPSDULVRQ DJDLQVWDQDOWHUQDWLYHLPDJLQJPRGDOLW\DVGRQHIRUYRUWLFLW\ LQ>@

,Q VSLWH RI WKH FXUUHQW GLIILFXOW\ LQ SURYLGLQJ D TXDQWLWDWLYH PHDVXUH RI DFFXUDF\ RXU SURPLVLQJ ' UHVXOWV LQ UHYHDOLQJ WKH YRUWH[ NLQHPDWLFV PRWLYDWHG XV WR H[WHQG RXU VWXG\ WR ' $V REVHUYHG LQ )LJ  LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WKH D[LDO 'RSSOHU YHORFLW\ FRPSRQHQWV DYDLODEOH ZKHQ XVLQJ D OLQHDU DUUD\ )LJ  %  WKH DFTXLVLWLRQV ZLWK WKH ' DUUD\ DOORZHG XV WR FRPSXWH WKH VDJLWWDO 'RSSOHU FRPSRQHQWV ([WHQGLQJIXUWKHUWKH'RSSOHUDQGWKHHFKR3,9DSSURDFKHV WR ' FRXOG RIIHU D FRPSOHWH WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO WKUHH FRPSRQHQWYHFWRUILHOG

$OWKRXJK WKH ' DQG ' UHVXOWV SUHVHQWHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ DUHSUHOLPLQDU\ZHLOOXVWUDWHGWKHFRPSDWLELOLW\RIWKHYRUWH[ ULQJJHQHUDWRUZLWKWKHXOWUDVRXQGV\VWHP



9 &21&/86,21

+LJKIUDPHUDWH XOWUDVRXQG FDQ  EH XVHG VXFFHVVIXOO\ WR HVWLPDWH FRPSOH[ YHFWRU IORZV VXFK DV WKH RQHV FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ WKH ULQJ YRUWLFHV ' HFKR 3,9 DQG WKH 'RSSOHU HVWLPDWRU DSSHDU WR EH DEOH WR UHFRYHU WKH YRUWH[ YHORFLW\ PDSV 3UHOLPLQDU\ ' 'RSSOHU UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW WKH 'RSSOHU YHORFLWLHV RQ ERWK [] DQG \] SODQHV FDQ EH UHFRYHUHGIURPVHULHVRIYROXPHWULFLQVRQLILFDWLRQV

2YHUDOOWKLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDWWKH YRUWH[ULQJSKDQWRP LV D JRRG FDQGLGDWH IRU RSWLPL]DWLRQ DQG YDOLGDWLRQ RI XOWUDVRXQG IORZ LPDJLQJ PHWKRGV LQ FRQWUROODEOH QRQ VWDWLRQDU\WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOFRPSOH[IORZV



$&.12:/('*0(17

7KLV SURMHFW KDV UHFHLYHG IXQGLQJ IURP WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ¶V +RUL]RQ  UHVHDUFK DQG LQQRYDWLRQ SURJUDPPH XQGHU WKH 0DULH 6NáRGRZVND&XULH JUDQW DJUHHPHQW 1R  93+&D6( ZZZYSKFDVHHX  7KLV ZRUN ZDV SHUIRUPHG ZLWKLQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI WKH /$%(; 35,0(6 $15/$%;  RI 8QLYHUVLWp GH /\RQ ZLWKLQ WKH SURJUDP ,QYHVWLVVHPHQWV G$YHQLU $15,'(;  RSHUDWHG E\ WKH )UHQFK 1DWLRQDO 5HVHDUFK $JHQF\ $15  7KH 9HUDVRQLFV V\VWHP ZDV FRIRXQGHG E\ WKH )('(5 SURJUDP 6DLQW(WLHQQH0HWURSROH 60(  DQG &RQVHLO *HQHUDO GH OD /RLUH &*  ZLWKLQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI WKH 6RQR&DUGLR3URWHFWLRQ3URMHFWOHDGHGE\'U3LHUUH&URLVLOOH



(5)

5()(5(1&(6



>@ < ) /DZ 5 6 &REEROG . : -RKQVWRQ DQG 3 $ %DVFRP ³&RPSXWHUFRQWUROOHG SXOVDWLOH SXPS V\VWHP IRU SK\VLRORJLFDO IORZ VLPXODWLRQ´ 0HG %LRO (QJ &RPSXW YRO  QR  SS ±6HS

>@ 35+RVNLQV7$QGHUVRQDQG:10F'LFNHQ³$FRPSXWHU FRQWUROOHGIORZSKDQWRPIRUJHQHUDWLRQRISK\VLRORJLFDO'RSSOHU ZDYHIRUPV´ 3K\V 0HG %LRO YRO  QR  SS ± 1RY

>@ 5 6WHHO DQG 3 - )LVK ³/XPHQ SUHVVXUH ZLWKLQ REOLTXHO\ LQVRQDWHG DEVRUEHQW VROLG F\OLQGULFDO VKHOOV ZLWK DSSOLFDWLRQ WR 'RSSOHU IORZ SKDQWRPV´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ )HUURHOHFWU )UHT&RQWUROYROQRSS±)HE

>@ '0.LQJ&00RUDQ-'0F1DPDUD$-)DJDQDQG- ( %URZQH ³'HYHORSPHQW RI D 9HVVHO0LPLFNLQJ 0DWHULDO IRU XVH LQ $QDWRPLFDOO\ 5HDOLVWLF 'RSSOHU )ORZ 3KDQWRPV´ 8OWUDVRXQG0HG%LROYROQRSS±0D\ >@ ; =KRX ' $ .HQZULJKW 6 :DQJ - $ +RVVDFN DQG 3 5

+RVNLQV ³)DEULFDWLRQ RI 7ZR )ORZ 3KDQWRPV IRU 'RSSOHU 8OWUDVRXQG ,PDJLQJ´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ )HUURHOHFWU )UHT &RQWUROYROQRSS±-DQ

>@ 7/3RHSSLQJ+11LNRORY515DQNLQ0/HHDQG': +ROGVZRUWK ³$Q LQ YLWUR V\VWHP IRU 'RSSOHU XOWUDVRXQG IORZ VWXGLHV LQ WKH VWHQRVHG FDURWLG DUWHU\ ELIXUFDWLRQ´ 8OWUDVRXQG 0HG%LROYROQRSS±$SU

>@ 60HDJKHU7/3RHSSLQJ.95DPQDULQH5$%ODFNDQG 3 5 +RVNLQV ³$QDWRPLFDO IORZ SKDQWRPV RI WKH QRQSODQDU FDURWLGELIXUFDWLRQ3DUW,,([SHULPHQWDOYDOLGDWLRQZLWK'RSSOHU XOWUDVRXQG´8OWUDVRXQG0HG%LROYROQRSS± )HE >@ 93HUURW60HLHU$%HO%UXQRQ+:DOWHU/H%HUUH%%RX 6DwG3&KDXGHW9'HWWL'9UD\DQG+/LHEJRWW³%LRILGHOLF $EGRPLQDO$RUWD3KDQWRP&URVV2YHU3UHOLPLQDU\6WXG\8VLQJ 8OWUD6RXQG DQG 'LJLWDO ,PDJH 6WHUHR&RUUHODWLRQ´ ,5%0 YRO QRSS±$XJ

>@ 2 ' .ULSIJDQV - 0 5XELQ $ / +DOO DQG - % )RZONHV ³9HFWRU'RSSOHULPDJLQJRIDVSLQQLQJGLVFXOWUDVRXQG'RSSOHU SKDQWRP´8OWUDVRXQG0HG%LROYROQRSS± -XO

>@ % < 6 <LX DQG $ & + <X ³6SLUDO )ORZ 3KDQWRP IRU 8OWUDVRXQG )ORZ ,PDJLQJ ([SHULPHQWDWLRQ´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ)HUURHOHFWU)UHT&RQWUROYROQRSS± 'HF

>@ * 3HGUL]]HWWL * /D &DQQD 2 $OILHUL DQG * 7RQWL ³7KH YRUWH[²DQ HDUO\ SUHGLFWRU RI FDUGLRYDVFXODU RXWFRPH"´ 1DW 5HY&DUGLROYROQRSS±6HS

>@ ' 7DQQp ( %HUWUDQG / .DGHP 3 3LEDURW DQG 5 5LHX

³$VVHVVPHQW RI OHIW KHDUW DQG SXOPRQDU\ FLUFXODWLRQ IORZ G\QDPLFV E\ D QHZ SXOVHG PRFN FLUFXODWRU\ V\VWHP´ ([S )OXLGVYROQRSS±0D\

>@ ' *DUFLD - & GHO ÈODPR ' 7DQQp 5 <RWWL & &RUWLQD e %HUWUDQG-&$QWRUDQ](3pUH]'DYLG55LHX))HUQiQGH] $YLOpVDQG-%HUPHMR³7ZR'LPHQVLRQDO,QWUDYHQWULFXODU)ORZ 0DSSLQJ E\ 'LJLWDO 3URFHVVLQJ &RQYHQWLRQDO &RORU'RSSOHU (FKRFDUGLRJUDSK\,PDJHV´,(((7UDQV0HG,PDJLQJYRO QRSS±2FW

>@ 6 )HUUDUL 6 $PEURJLR $ :DONHU $ - 1DUUDFRWW DQG - : )HQQHU ³7KH 5LQJ 9RUWH[ $ &DQGLGDWH IRU D /LTXLG%DVHG &RPSOH[)ORZ3KDQWRPIRU0HGLFDO,PDJLQJ´6SULQJHU&KDP SS±

>@ - $ -HQVHQ 6 , 1LNRORY $ & + <X DQG ' *DUFLD ³8OWUDVRXQG 9HFWRU )ORZ ,PDJLQJ²3DUW ,, 3DUDOOHO 6\VWHPV´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ )HUURHOHFWU )UHT &RQWURO YRO  QR SS±1RY

>@ ' * $NKPHWRY ³7KHRUHWLFDO 0RGHOV RI 9RUWH[ 5LQJV´ LQ 9RUWH[ 5LQJV %HUOLQ +HLGHOEHUJ 6SULQJHU %HUOLQ +HLGHOEHUJ SS±

>@ /3HWUXVFD)9DUUD\56RXFKRQ$%HUQDUG-<&KDSHORQ + /LHEJRWW : 1¶'MLQ DQG 0 9LDOORQ ³)DVW 9ROXPHWULF 8OWUDVRXQG %0RGH DQG 'RSSOHU ,PDJLQJ ZLWK D 1HZ +LJK &KDQQHOV 'HQVLW\ 3ODWIRUP IRU $GYDQFHG ' &DUGLDF ,PDJLQJ7KHUDS\´$SSO6FLYROQRS-DQ >@ 3-RRV-3RUHH+/LHEJRWW'9UD\0%DXGHW-)DXULH)

7RXUQRX[*&ORXWLHU%1LFRODVDQG'*DUFLD³+LJK)UDPH 5DWH 6SHFNOH7UDFNLQJ (FKRFDUGLRJUDSK\´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ)HUURHOHFWU)UHT&RQWUROYROQRSS± 0D\

>@ $ 7LQDLNDU 6 $GYDLWKDQG 6 %DVX ³8QGHUVWDQGLQJ HYROXWLRQ RI YRUWH[ ULQJV LQ YLVFRXV IOXLGV´ - )OXLG 0HFK YRO  SS ±)HE

>@ $ .KHUDGYDU++RXOH*3HGUL]]HWWL*7RQWL7%HOFLN0 $VKUDI - 5 /LQGQHU 0 *KDULE DQG ' 6DKQ ³(FKRFDUGLRJUDSKLF 3DUWLFOH ,PDJH 9HORFLPHWU\ $ 1RYHO 7HFKQLTXHIRU4XDQWLILFDWLRQRI/HIW9HQWULFXODU%ORRG9RUWLFLW\ 3DWWHUQ´ - $P 6RF (FKRFDUGLRJU YRO  QR  SS ± -DQ

>@ - )DXULH 0 %DXGHW . & $VVL ' $XJHU * *LOEHUW ) 7RXUQRX[ DQG ' *DUFLD ³,QWUDFDUGLDF 9RUWH[ '\QDPLFV E\ +LJK)UDPH5DWH 'RSSOHU 9RUWRJUDSK\²,Q 9LYR &RPSDULVRQ :LWK 9HFWRU )ORZ 0DSSLQJ DQG ' )ORZ 05,´ ,((( 7UDQV 8OWUDVRQ)HUURHOHFWU)UHT&RQWUROYROQRSS± )HE





Références

Documents relatifs

C’est donc dire que le poignet était à ce point détendu (sans doute aussi venant du coude) que tout le bras pouvait plus aisément effectuer une manœuvre de l’avant

Acte 3, Scène 5 GORA BINOY LOLITA Binoy entre dans le salon de Paresh Babou.. Lolita est

SPEECH AND HEAD GESTURE SEGMENTATION The mapping between speech and head gestures is done by using the Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs), which could be seen as a collection of

Despite this, trade shows are incredibly relevant in highlighting organizational and inter- organizational dynamics: they gather the main actors of an industry or a

Nous proposons dans ette partie d'expérien es de omparer et d'évaluer les résultats d'un ltre de Kalman étendu et d'un réseau bayésien dé riv ant la inématique d'un véhi ule

We make the hypothesis that the shortest Wikipedia path query that maximally containment Q(W) is the best navigational path to represent in Wikipedia the predicate.. p of the

This RTOS called Synchronous Parameterized and Interfaced Dataflow Embedded Runtime (SPIDER) exploits the Parameterized and Interfaced Synchronous Dataflow (PiSDF) MoC and its