Influence of the Topography in the Calculation of Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines

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Influence of the Topography in the Calculation of

Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines

Edison Soto, Ernesto Pérez

To cite this version:

Influence of the Topography in the Calculation of

Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines

Edison A. Soto

Universidad Industrial de Santander. Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Telecomunicaciones.

Bucaramanga, Colombia

Email: easotor@uis.edu.co

Ernesto Pérez

Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Departamento de Energía Eléctrica y Automática.

Medellín, Colombia

Email: eperezg@unal.edu.co

Index Terms

— Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)

Method, Electromagnetic Fields, Lightning Induced

Voltages, Distribution Lines, Mountains.

I. I

Lightning has been an important cause of failure of

electrical facilities. Its effects are counted as outage of

transmission and distribution lines around the world

[1][2]. In the case of transmission lines, the direct strikes

to tower or ground wires cause back flashover on

insulation chains [3][4]. On distribution networks the

main affectation is due to indirect impacts that can induce

voltages higher than the insulation level of this kind of

lines. The high frequency of these impacts compared

with the direct ones and the low insulation level of

distribution lines are the principal reasons of outage

[5][6].

Several papers have devoted your attention to the

modeling [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and

experimentation [18][19][20][21][22] of lightning

induced voltages on overhead distribution lines. The

most important parameters that affects the lightning

induced voltages are the line height, the distance of

impact, the soil conductivity, the front time of the

lightning current wave, among others [24].

Recently, the influence of the geometry of the terrain

where the line is located was considered. The results

show that in the first place, the electric field radiated by

lightning is increased in the presence of non-flat terrains

compared with the case when the terrain is flat [23]. A

measure of the electric field near a tall tower striked by

lightning located at Mount Santïs in Suiza, confirmed the

enhancement of the electric field [25]. In second place,

the lightning induced voltages are increased too due to

the effect of non-flat terrains, especially for higher slopes

of the terrains [26]. Until now, only approximated

terrains have been used to calculate lightning induced

voltages. In this paper, the inclusion of real topographies

found in the Andean region is considered. The voltages

obtained are compared with those obtained for flat

terrain.

II.

The lightning induced voltages were calculated by

means of the finite difference time domain method

(FDTD) in 3D, using a methodology of full-wave

analysis [27][28], which allows computing directly the

voltage along the line without the use of a circuit theory

approximation. The lightning channel was simulated as

an array of currents that represent the propagation of the

return stroke speed along the channel by means of a

MTLE model. The current at the channel base was

chosen as a Heidler wave-shape with an amplitude of 12

and a current derivative of 40 kA/μs [29].

The chosen line is a typical one found in rural zones of

Colombia, with a height of 10 m, located over the real

topographies found in those regions. The topography was

discretized in the FDTD code by means of cubic cells.

The spatial resolution was 5 m, in all directions,

according to the available computational capability. An

infinite conductivity of the terrains was considered

III.

The first simulated configuration is the presented in

Fig. 1.

The distribution line (red) cross a V-shaped Valley and

the lightning (purple) strike the peak of the lowest

mountain. The induced voltage calculated at both line

extremities are seen in Fig. 2. It is possible to see an

enhancement of the voltages, compared with the case of

flat terrain (Fig. 3) in almost five times. It is an

interesting result in terms of the insulation of the line.

Fig. 2. Induced voltage at both line extremities of the line in Fig. 1 considering topography.

Fig. 3. Induced voltage at both line extremities of the line in Fig. 1 for flat terrain.

A

The first author wish to thank to the VIE of

Universidad Industrial de Santander for the economical

support.

R

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