Infrastructure required for the establishment of a regional transport database in ECA

Distr: LIMITED

DOC/DBASE/PHASE I/TRANSCOM/946 August 1994

Original: ENGLISH

UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED FOR TEIE ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL

TRANSPORT DATA BASE IN ECA

TABLE C*" CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. PURPOSE OFTH STUDY i

II. OBSERVATIONS ANP FINDINGS i

A. HIGHLIGHT OF TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SITUATION IN ECA i

B. USER NEEDS ■■

C. ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS OF UNECA v

D. TRANSPORT DATA BASE STRUCTURE vi

E. DATA VOLUME, DATA CAPTURE MODES

AND UPDATING FREQUENCY vi

F. DATA PREPARATION ESTIMATES vE5

G. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION vis

III. RECOMMENDATIONS viii

A. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE viii

B. ORGANIZATION & MANPOWER ix

IV. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ix

A. STAGE ONE - PILOT TESTING ix

B. STAGE TWO - REGION WIDE IMPLEMENTATION x

V. COST ESTIMATES x

A PILOT TESTING x

B. REGION-WIDE IMPLEMENTATION xi

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. BRIEF BACKGROUND ON THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT 1 DATA BASE PROJECT

1.2. PRESENT STATUS OF THE PROJECT 1

1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 4

1.4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4

1.5. THE REPORT 5 2. HIGHLIGHT OF TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EGA 6

2.1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6

2.2. PRESENT TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SITUATION IN ECA 7

2.3. ENVISAGED REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA

BASE PROGRAMME 8

3. USER NEEDS 10

3.1, GENERAL REQUIREMENT 10

3.1.1. OPERATIONAL L^VEL MANAGEMENT 10

3.1.2. SECTORAL & SUBSECTORAL MANAGEMENT 11

3.1.3. REQUIREMENT AT THE NATIONAL LEVB 11

3.1.4. DATA NEED AT THE REGIONAL AND

SUBREGIONAL LEVEL 13

3.1.5. DATA NEEDS AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 14

3.2. ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENT OF TRANSPORT DATA 15

3.2.1. GENERAL FRAMEWORK 15

3.2.2. ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENT OF ECA'S REGIONAL

TRANSPORT DAJA BASE 17

4. REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE STRUCTURE 19

4.1. GENERAL 19

4.2. COVERAGE OF THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT

DATA BASE 19

4.3. DEFINITION OF INDICATIONS 21

4.4. DATA BASE STRUCTURE AND RELATED ESTIMATES 22

4.4.1. GENERAL 22

4.4.2. RECORD STRUCTURE 25

4.4.3. DATA VOLUME 27

4.4.4. DATA CAPTURE MODES AND FREQUENCY 31

4.4.5. DATA PREPARATION ESTIMATES 34

5. DATA AND INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION 36

6. RESOURCE REQUIREMENT ; 37

6.1. DATA PROCESSIN'3 EQUIPMENT , 37

6.1.1. ECA'S DATA PROCESSING ENVIRONMENT 37

6.1.2. RECOMMENDED COMPUTER HARDWARE

EQUIPMENT OF REGIONAL TRANSPORT

DATA BASE 38

6.1.3. RECOMMENDED COMPUTER SOFTWARE 40

6.2. MANPOWER & ORGANIZATION 45

6.2.1. REQUIREMENT OVERVIEW 45

6.2.2. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND MANPOWER 49

6.2.3. STAFF TRAINING 50

6.2.4. TECHNICAL AND MANAGERIAL TRAINING 50

6.2.5. TRAINING OF USERS IN MEMBER STATES 50

6.3. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE . it _ 51

6.4. SUPPORT TO FOCAL POINTS 52

7. IMPLEMENTATION \t > 53

7.1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT 53

7.1.1. ROLE OF MEMBER STATES - 55

7.1.2. ROLE OF SUBREGIONAL AND

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 56

7.1.3. ROLE OF SPECIALIZED MODEL ORGANIZATION 56

7.1.4. ROLE OF ECA " 57

7.2. THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN _ 57

7.2.1. STAGE ONE - PILOT TESTING 57

7.2.2. STAGE TWO - REGION WIDE IMPLEMENTATION 58

8. WORK PROGRAMME 59

8.1. PILOT TESTING OF METHODOLOGIES DEVELOPED DURING

PHASE 1 59

8.2. DEVELOPMENT OF DATA DISSEMINATION TOOLS AND

PROCEDURES 67

8.3. EXPANSION OF DATA BASE IMPLEMENTATION TO OTHER

MEMBER STATES 69

8.3.1. ESTABLISHING BASIC GROUND WORK 69

8.3.2. EXPANSION OF IMPLEMENTATION TO 69

OTHER COUNTRIES

8.3.3. EXPANSION OF REGIONAL DATA BASE 70

9. COST ESTIMATE 71

9.1. COST ESTIMATE FOR PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION

APPROACHES 71

9.2. OTHER SCENARIO FOR PILOT TESTING 73

ANNEXES

1. DATA ELEMENTS OF THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE

2. PROCEDURES FOR THE COMPUTATION OF SELECTED TRANSPORT INDICATORS

3. ECA'S TRANSPORT DATA BASE. ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION APPROACH

4. DISSEMINATION ISSUES

5. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

6. PROPOSED ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING FOR THE TRANSPORT DATA BASE UNIT

7. COST ESTIMATES

8. ECA'S TERMS OF REFERENCE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

1. A regional transport data base project (RAFv89/046) with a financial assistance

from (Jtnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is under way. The main

objective of the project is to: ; .,; ,

V develop policies and guidelines for the establishment of auser oriented

and sustainable transport information system;

V establish in ECA a computerised data base for muiti-modal transport

statistics; and ;

V establish an updating procedures within member countries and train staff to use, update and maintain the database system.

2 The overall project is being executed in two phases. The first phase, which is managed by the World Bank, would identify: a set of core data necessary for monitoring and operating the transport sector; reasons why transport data are not

properly collected at the national and subregional levels; make, recorrirnendations on

the set of data to be collected; the best ways to collect, process and disseminate the

data; and on the policy reforms necessary to improve national data base systems. The first phase shall wind up by preparing the necessary ground work for the establishment of .regional transport data base in ECA and statistical manuals for each mode of transport.

3,:. The second phase, which shall be managed by ECA, shall focus on the

implementation of the regional transport data base systems at national, sgbregianai and

regional levels. .-,<-. ■;■'.

4. The present study is part of phas* one programme and is aimed 'at identifying

the necessary, infrastructure required for the establishment of regional transport data

base in ECA and prepare a project document for the second phase. V /

U. OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS

A. HIGHLIGHT OF TRANSPORT INFORMATION SITUATION IN ECA

5, .:-.. Presently transport data collection activities jn ECA are undertaken by various sections, units and modal experts on an ad hoc basis. Major sources and methods of collection include national publications of merrjber States, staff mission to member States though not particularly for collection of data, regular reports frbm regionaland international organizations and publications and regular reports of the various subregional organizations in Africa.

6. Although the regional statistical data base (ECA-RSDB) incorporates the various transport modes it does not seem to satisfy the needs of transport data users in Transport, Communications and Tourism Division (TCTD) for the following basic

reasons.

■ The content of the statistical year book is mostly dominated by estimated values, which undoubtedly affect the reliability of the data.

■ Due to delays in the process of updating the available data, official publications like the statistical year book are not issued in time. At present the latest issue of the statistical yearbook is that of 1990/91.

■ The ECA-RSDB does not cover fully the data needs of TCTD. At present only 16 transport data items are available in the present statistical data base for roads, road transport, railway and ports sub-sector. On the other hand the total number of data items identified for the transport sector performance indicators is over 1000. Therefore, the existing data base comprises less than 2% of the total requirement.

7. Thus, the transport data situation requires complete change so as to make it more sound for use by experts in ECA and elsewhere.

B. USER NEEDS

8. Different user groups require data for various purposes. At the operational management level users require data for monitoring and control of operations as well as preparation of budgets and investment plans. At the sectoral and sub-sectoral level (mainly ministries and commissions) users require data to monitor and control operational entities within the sector as well as make sector specific resource allocation and planning decisions. At the national level (mainly national planning commissions, and central government authorities) users require data for monitoring the performance and needs of the different sectors and sub-sectors of the economy in inter-sectoral resource allocation and policy development. At the international level data is used to undertake: international comparisons which is used as an instrument of experience transfer; an overall assessment of regional requirements and as an input for regional studies and development of regional programmes; market research and planning at international scale; regional planning so as to accommodate the needs for various services specifically for land-locked countries.

9. The focus of this paper shall be to highlight transport data needs for use at national and international level, and undertake the necessary groundwork for establishing regional transport data base for Africa.

Needs at the national level

10. Due to advance in technology specifically in the area of transport, communications, industry and other social and economic sectors countries are coming closer and closer and thus are becoming more inter-dependent on one another for raw materials, markets, technology and technical know-how and in the case of land-locked countries for access to various services. This interdependence is more emphasized

in the transport and communication sector.

11. One of the focal point of establishing transport data base in ECA is to avail regional transport data and indicators to all member countries of ECA. Member States shall particularly require the following data and information on transport sector.

(i) Roads and road traffic

12. Land-locked countries are vitally interested in the condition and road use policies of transit countries. Particularly the land-locked countries, need information relating to the condition of the relevant routes as well as overall road and traffic situation, management and cost (user taxes, weight and axle-load limitations, etc). On the other hand as regional and subregional road networks become more and more integrated, road condition and traffic data of other countries becomes more and more vital for

national planning.

(ii) Railway lines and Railway traffic

13. Where railway lines cross international borders and serve two or more countries

the need for data on railway conditions and railway traffic is similar to that of roads and

road traffic. In addition countries would like data for comparison and transfer of

experience.

(iii) Air transport

14. This sector has already high level of data and information integration through international agencies like ICAO and IATA. However, there remains a lot to be done on availing the stored information to members in a user friendly manner so that it can effectively be used for national planning and economic management. Though air transport accounts for a small part of total transport needs, it has a considerable impact on the national economy. In particular it plays a key role in international passenger transport; import/export of spare parts, high value goods, perishable product; facilitating

religious pilgrimages etc.

15. Air transport industry is one of the most competitive sectors in the world and thus to improve service up-to-date comparative data of other nations and various economic sectors is required.

in

(iv) Ports and shipping

16. Ports and shipping play a key role in international cargo transport. The efficiency at ports and the dependability of ships adversely affect the dynamism of national economies. Port and shipping' data is crucial in any national planning. Specially land locked countries depend on ports which are outside their own territory and, therefore, require data from other nations not only for national plans but for day to day operation.

Need at the regional and subreaional level

17. ECA and other subregional organizations play a key role in facilitating the

economic development of Africa. In particular ECA is mandated to play a crucial role in strengthening the economic relation of countries and territories of Africa, both among themselves and with other countries of the world.

18. In the field of transport ECA, in cooperation with other agencies, is responsible for:

■ conceptualization and promotion of concerted plans for the orderly

development of an integrated Pan-African transport and communications

network;

. ■ drawing up of national plans by integrating subregional ones where they exist and, where they do not, formulating them in cooperation with governments and relevant agencies;

■ coordination of the overall decade activities in order to achieve rational, most cost effective and synchronized development of the transport network;

■ making proposals for concrete actions for the standardization of systems where necessary; and

■ rendering technical assistance to the inter-governmental organizations when they need assistance.

19. The activities outlined above are, among other things, the driving force which require accurate and timely transport information and the establishment of regional transport data base.

IV

Need at the international level

20. International financing institutions, donor agencies and all economic and social

oriented organizations require transport data for: ■ •

■ project evaluation and financing;

■ assessment of impacts of transport on other sectors and development as

a whole;

■ monitoring project performance;

■ evaluation of projects; ~ " '

■ location of projects; V:

■ undertaking research of every kind;

■ planning training programmes; and

■ analysis of development gaps and allocation of resource aimed at

reducing these gaps.

C. ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS OF UNECA

21? Principally the transport data needs of EGA are of highly aggregated nature with appropriate international comparisons. Therefore, in order to satisfy the ever changing analytical requirement the system to be developed shall be highly flexible and provide room for changes and growth. For a start the indicators identified and agreed upon during the launching and closing seminars of the first phase of the regional data base project shall be the basis. The. system shall maintain both the data and indicators separately and shallprovide the necessary tools for moving from one mode to the other

and vice versa.

22. Data and indications shall also be aggregated to show national, subregional,

regional comparisons with similar data with comparable characteristics.

23. Other aggregation and comparison include:

■ intermodal with each country (e.g. no of passengers using various modes of transport, accident situation, financial situation, investment, productivity

etc). :

■ International, subregional and regional basis;

■ Level of dependency on various modes at national, subregional, regional

. J :. and international level;

7.7 ....,■ comparison against internationally accepted norms;

■ growth/decline rates of various modes over a number of years.

24. The system shall be capable of these and other similar needs of today and

for some years to come.

V

D. TRANSPORT DATA BASE STRUCTURE

25. Detailed design of the transport data base including record layout for inputs and files, screen layouts, output layout etc. shall be worked out during the design phase of the project. In this paper the data base structure required to estimate the necessary resources is included in chapter four.

26. Accordingly the data base shall be organized subregion-wise,

country-wise within each subregion, mode-wise in each country, type of data item within each mode. Each record is designed to contain time series data for about 20 years.

E. DATA VOLUME, DATA CAPTURE MODES AND UPDATING FREQUENCY 27. The total estimated data size for the entire transport data base including reference files is 14.5 million bytes. Estimated annual data size is 1.7 MB.

28. This system assumes that the majority of data and information shall be provided by focal points in member States. Therefore, it is difficult to specify the type of data capture mode to be employed without sufficient background on EDP development in each country. Thus, all the following alternatives can be considered applicable for the study at hand.

(i) Data shall be received from member states using formats or completion/amendment of computer printout. Data can also be received in a form of regular printed publications from both the member States, subregional and international organizations. In such cases the data entry shall be carried out by ECA staff.

(ii) Data can also be received through the use of magnetic media (e.g.

diskettes). In such cases the data received must be reformatted (if not in the same format as the regional data base) before being used for updating the data base.

(iii) Data base files residing in international, subregional and more advanced focal points can be accessed online or through a bulletin board system (E- Mail). Both systems provide very efficient access to data. However, online access is not recommended due to high telecommunication costs.

On the other hand E-mail is an efficient and cheap method of data transfer. A similar method outlined in (ii) above is used for updating the regional data base.

29. The regional data base is assumed to contain time series data of annual national

transport statistics. Therefore, data to be collected from both national, subregional and

international organizations shall be on a yearly basis. However, the actual receipt of

vi

data depends on the efficiency and the willingness of each country. Thus, data capture and updating shall be undertaken continuously as and when data is received.

F. DATA PREPARATION ESTIMATES

30. During the pilot testing phase, about 0.5 MB of data shall be checked, coded and entered into the system. Checking and coding of this data requires relatively qualified personnel in the field of transport statistics with strong computer systems background.

The checking of the annual transaction of about 1.7 MB shall be undertaken on a

continuous basis.

31. The pilot testing requires keying-in, verification and editing of about 1.5 MB data.

This task requires about one man month. With proper supervision a qualified secretary with a data encoding, background can undertake this function quite effectively. Similarly about 1^3 MB data shall be received annually in printed form from member States and other sources which requires keying-in, verification and editing. The task is of a

continuous nature and requires permanent staff.

32. Data from countries with advanced data bases and international institutions is planned to be received through magnetic media. Data gathering through electronic means and transcription into the ECA's data base format requires highly qualified personnel with strong systems and programming background.

G. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION

33. Similar to data collection, the distribution of transport data/information to users shall be undertaken through various means as follows.

Experts in TCTD and other selected professionals in EGA shall have direct access to the data base through the local and wide area networks.

These experts shall have the capability to display data on their terminals, get printouts or manipulate data according to their needs.

Advanced national focal points of member States can use a bulletin board system to download data to their computers.

Compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) technology could be employed to distribute data/information to users. End users of CD-ROM should have the necessary equipment so as to enable them use the

system

Periodic statistical publications in a form of books, brochures and printouts shall constitute the major media of information distribution. The advance

VII

in desk-top publishing has created the necessary environment for developing qualitative printouts, and therefore its use shall be maximized both qualitatively and quantitatively.

HI. RECOMMENDATIONS

34. The recommended resources required to run the system include the following.

A. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

35. The overall hardware shall be on a distributed environment where users in TCTD shall be provided with the necessary micro computers and other user friendly tools enabling them to have direct access and manipulation power of the data base. The

micro-computers shall be linked to the division's data base server and the division's

data base server shall be linked to ECA-wide common server.

36. The following list indicates the recommended hardware, software and equipment.

Pilot testing

1 micro-computer of 8 MB RAM and 340 MB Hard disk for systems development

1 laserjet printers

1 dot matrix printer(LQ 1170 or equivalent) 1 UPS

1 Three user UNIX compatible Dbase IV for systems development Region-wide Implementation

37. Additional hardware, software and equipment required for region-wide implementation.

1 Data base Server with CD-R drive

4 Micro-computer of 4 MB RAM and 170 MB Hard disk

1 micro-computer Of 8 MB RAM, 20" monitor, 450 MB Hard disk for desk top publishing

1 LaserJet printer 1 DesignJet plotter 1 Scanner

5 UPS

1 Photocopier with binder

1 32 user Unix operating system 1 32 user Novel netware

VIII

1 32 user ARPA/DOS . 1 C & Cobol compiler

1 25 user SYBASE

1 graphic,software for scanner 1 Publishing software

1 complete set of net work accessories B. ORGANIZATION AND MANPOWER

38. Our proposal include the establishment of a regional transport data base unit with the following posts.

Transport data base unit manager/Systems analyst Data base administrator

Data base maintenance assistant

The unit manager shall report to Chief of Transport, Communications and Tourism

Division. Job descriptions for these posts are included in Annex 6.

39. The proposed unit shall be established at the beginning of region-wide implementation and the Pilot Implementation shall be managed by a project coordinator

"who will be assisted by consultants hired on a temporary bases. Detailed work

programme is included in chapter 8.

IV. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

40. Due to complexity of the project the consultants would like to recommend that the implementation be undertaken in two stages.

A. STAGE ONE - PILOT TESTING 41. This involves:

■ undertaking detailed design of the data base system;

■ selecting pilot countries, establishing focal points in the selected pilot

countries and developing the necessary linkage.

■ identifying and creating the necessary link with International organizations and make arrangement for supply of data;

■ Collecting data from selected member States, subregional and international organizations and undertake full testing of the system;

IX

Disseminating the output data in various forms and means and collecting feed back so as to make the necessary amendments during the final

implementation.

B. STAGE TWO - REGION-WIDE IMPLEMENTATION

42. Region-wide implementation involves the extension of the test run to other

member States involving the following basic activities.

■ Establishing regional transport data base unit

■ Embarking on full region-wide implementation

■ Institutionalizing of continuous data collection at national, subregional

levels;

■ Establishing strong and reliable data and information exchange network with national, subregional and international institutions engaged in similar

activities;

■ Updating of manuals and working documents which will facilitate data

interchange function at a minimum possible cost.

V. COST ESTIMATES A. PILOT TESTING

43. The total cost estimate for pilot testing is US$435500. The breakdown is as

follows:

- Hardware & software -for ECA 10,300

- Hardware & software - Pilot countries 42,000

- Staff cost 164,000

- Mission costs 41,100

- Steering Committee Meeting cost 35,000 - Launching and closing seminar 75,600

- Donors meeting 17,500

- Administrative support 10,000 - Report production and related costs 30,000

- Sundries 10.000

435.500

B. REGION-WIDE IMPLEMENTATION

44. Region-wide implementation assumes the initial expansion of data base to 10 additional countries. The cost for region-wide implementation falls under three distinct

category as follows:

One-Time Cost

- Hardware & software 115,900

- training specialist 30,000

- User training pilot countries 88,200

- Mission Cost for basic preparation 24.000

SUB-TOTAL 258,100

DATA BASE EXPANSION COST HO COUNTRIES)

- Mission costs 69,000

- Users training 126,000

- Micro-computers for member states 60,000

- Launching seminar 54,000

- Administrative support 10,000 - Report production & related costs 40,000

- Sundries 10,000

SUB-TOTAL 369,000

TOTAL PROJECT COST 627,100 FIXED ANNUAL COST FOR THE DATA BASE UNIT

- Staff cost 120,000

- Administrative support 5,000 - Report production and related costs 30,000

- Sundries 5,000

TOTAL 160,000

XI

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BRIEF BACKGROUND ON THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE

PROJECT

1. A regional transport data base project (RAF/89/046) with a financial assistance from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is under way. The main

objective of the project is to:

V develop policies and guidelines for the establishment of a user oriented and sustainable transport information system;

V develop a computerised data base for multi-modal transport statistics;

V establish an updating procedures within member countries and train staff

to use, update and maintain the database system.

2. The overall project is being executed in two phases. The first phase, which is managed by the World Bank, would identify: a set of core data necessary for monitoring and operating the transport sector; reasons why transport data are not

properly collected at the national and subregionat levels; make recommendations on

the set of data to be collected; the best ways to collect, process and disseminate the data; and on the policy reforms necessary to improve national data base systems. The

first phase shall wind up by preparing the necessary ground work for the establishment

of regional transport data base in ECA and statistical manuals for each mode of

transport.

3. The second phase, which shall be managed by ECA, shall focus on the

implementation of the regional transport data base systems at national, subregional and

regional levels.

4. The present study is part of phase I programme arid is aimed at identifying the necessary infrastructure required for the establishment of regional transport data base in ECA and prepare a project document for the second phase.

1.2 PRESENT STATUS OF THE PROJECT

5. The first phase of the regional data base project was conceived to be undertaken in two stages with the following objectives.

STAGE I

Assesment of the existing transport information systems at national and regional level.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 2

Identification of the best approach to be adopted for the implementation of national and regional transport bases.

STAGE II

Identification of user needs.

Conceiving and monitoring of regional network for data and experience exchange.

Designing of harmonized data collection methodologies and preparation of manuals.

Preparation of regional transport statistics yearbook.

Designing a regional transport statistics year book and data base format which should be implemented at ECA.

At the end of the first stage a launching seminar of the project was held at ECA headquarters, Addis Ababa in June 1993. This seminar has:

- analysed the existing transport transport information systems of 8 pilot countries;

defined the users needs by selecting performance indicators for each main transport subsectors;

conceived a regional network, and selected some countries to conduct pilot exercises in various subsectors;

provided guidlines for the monitoring of the above network, and the implementation of the second stage.

At the end of the second stage, a closing seminar was held at ECA, Addis-Abeba from 3 to 7 July 1994. The aim of the closing seminar was to thoroughly assess the achievements of the phase I and deliberate on measures to be taken with a view to implementing phase II of the project.

The progress made so fare in implementing the first phase of the project and the key achievements in various transport sector are outlined as follows.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 3 a) Data needs are defined for all transports subsectors, with harmonized

definitions.

b) Performance indicators for monitoring UNTACDA It progress have been selected.

c) Data collection methodologies have been developed by some pilot countries for railways and ports subsector and experiences were gained by some pilot countries in roads and road transport subsectors.

d) Measures to harmonize road and road transport data collection methodologies have been carried out by the project unit.

e) A regional network has been implemented and a first edition number of technical newsletter was prepared and disseminated.

f) Data collection has been started in pilot countries, in particular values of selected performance indicators have been calculated by railways authorities of these pilot countries.

On the basis of the above results, the closing seminar of phase I has recommended

the following.

a) Harmonized methodologies for data collection on road, road transport, ports, railways and air transport subsectors, should be tested by pilot countries.

b) A list of performance indicators for urban transport and actions to be undertaken by some pilot countries to calculate their values

3) a launching seminar during the first quarter of 1995 in order to:

identify difficulties encountered in the testing of data collection

methodologies

launch the second phase of the regional data base project

On the basis of the results of the launching seminar of phase II and basic information of the present study a project document should be prepared and presented to donors for the financing of regional data implementation at ECA.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 4

1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY

6. The present study deals with following key aspects which are necessary for the establishment of regional transport data base at ECA.

(a) Undertake system analysis to determine resources (manpower, hardware, software, etc.) needed for the development, administration and maintenance of the proposed regional transport data base.

(b) Determination of user needs including processing types, frequency, analytical requirement of ECA and preparing proposals regarding an appropriate infrastructure relating to transport data base at ECA.

(c) Identification of software and hardware including recommendations for additional computing resources required for the transport data base.

(d) Determination of computing resources and proposals on categories of the necessary manpower for the development, maintenance and administration for the proposed transport data base.

(e) Preparing the necessary elements for a costed project proposal for the establishment of a regional transport data base at ECA.

7. The terms of reference of this study is included as annex 8.

1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

8. The study has been carried out by W.M.Gebremariam, Systems Analysis Specialist from Vision Consultancy/Pvt Ltd Col,. The method use in this study was:

V To undertake an extensive desk study of relevant documents and

information available in ECA, and, in particular various outputs of the regional transport data base project unit;

V to conduct interviews with key personnel in various divisions of ECA

involved in this project (Regional transport data base project unit, SD, TCTD, ISS, PADIS and TACOO).

DOC/DBASE/PHASEl/TRANSCOM/946 Page 5 1.5 THE REPORT

>■ ■ ■

9. The report as the following 9 parts.

V Executive Summary

, V Introduction in chaptec one ;. ..■

V Highlight of transport information system for ECA in chapter two V User needs in chapter three

V Regional transport data base structure in chapter four ■■ ■-- :■.

V Data/information distribution in chapter five

V Resource requirements in chapter, six .. :

V Implementation in chapter seven

;, V Work programme in chapter eight . ■ ...

V Cost estimation in chapter nine

--I

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 6

2. HIGHLIGHT OF TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ECA 2.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM OVERVIEW

10. Transport is one of the basic economic sector which provides the necessary means for the movement of goods, passengers and mail. In today's world transport is

one of the basic sectors which can play a leading role in economic and social integration of nations.

11. In terms of investment transport requires huge resource outlay for:

■ the construction of roads, railways, airports, harbours, terminals,

■ the purchase of equipment such as vehicles of various kinds, aircraft, ship, railway locomotives and wagons;

■ the transfer of technology in terms of know how, improved machines and methodologies, etc.

12. In developing countries, mostly Africa, transport can be categorized as the biggest element of foreign debt. It also plays a key role in both the formation and degradation of national wealth. Increase in transport infrastructure and equipment can be assumed national wealth formation while on the other hand foreign exchange outlays in the form of interest and loan repayment constitutes the degradation of national wealth.

13. Transport service plays a key role in the implementation of national development plans. Large scale agricultural development, industry, mining and any socio-economic projects can be implemented only if there exists a properly functioning transport infrastructure. Equipment and machinery should be transported to agricultural, mining or industrial sites; finished products should be transported to market centres; fertilizer should be distributed to farmers; exportable commodities should be transported to ports and other exit centres; people should be able to travel through convenient and short cut

means.

14. Transport as a system is classified by modes which include roads and road transport, rail and rail transport, air transport (airports, airlines) inland water transport, maritime transport (ports and shipping) and pipelines etc. Each mode of transport has a distinct characteristics in terms of facilities, physical inputs and outputs. Thus, development planning of transport sector entails a wide variety of components in terms of physical inputs, physical outputs, financial performance and transport safety. Studies

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 7 indicate that lack of reliable data has been one of the greatest bottlenecks for a consistent and coordinated planning as well for properly monitoring the performance of the transport sector. This problem is more emphasized in Sub-Saharan Africa due to low level economic and technological development as well as low level appreciation for data.

2.2 PRESENT TRANSPORT INFORMATION SITUATION IN ECA

15. Presently transport data collection activities in ECA are undertaken by various sections, units and modal experts in an ad hoc basis. Major sources and methods of collection include national publication of member States, staff mission to member States though not particularly for collection of data, regular publication by regional and international organizations and, publication and ad hoc reports of the various subregional organization in Africa.

16. Although the regional statistical data base (ECA-RSDB) incorporates data on various transport modes it does not seem to satisfy the needs of transport data users in Transport, Communications and Tourism Division (TCTD) for the following basic

reasons.

V The content of the statistical year book is mostly dominated by estimated values, which undoubtedly affect the reliability of the

data.

V Due to delays in the process of updating the available data, official publications like the statistical year book are not issued in time. At present the latest issue of the statistical year book is that of 1990/91.

V The ECA-RSDB does not fully cover the data needs of TCTD.

At present only 16 transport data items are incorporated in the statistical data base for roads, road transport, railway, ports and air transport subsector. On the other hand the total number of data items identified for the transport sector performance indicators are well over 1000. Therefore, less than 2 per cent of the requirement is satisfied by the existing data base.

V Survey of the present data base indicate that for the years from 1988-1992 only 3 per cent of total transport data represent official figures obtained from member States. On the other hand 65 per cent is estimated figures and 25 per

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 8

cent of the data is not available in the aforementioned data base.

17. The basic reasons cited by the experts as causing data collection problems are:

V communication problems in the process of data transmission

due to technological set backs;

V unwillingness of some countries to collaborate in supply of

information required;

V the consideration of some type of information or data as

confidential by most of the member nations;

V the weight given to data/information being very low in most of

the countries;

V data transmitting agencies of member States are not well

staffed with skilled manpower.

18. Thus, present problems encountered in data collection require the development of strategy that would address the situation at the source and bring about a sustainable change so as to make it more sound for users at national, subregional, regional and international level.

2.3 ENVISAGED REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE PROGRAMME 19. It has been well established in various studies that the adequacy of regional transport statistics depend on the level usage at the national level. Review of the present transport data base situation in member states indicate that there exists a considerable gap in the capacity of national systems to produce adequate data. These gaps are manifested in a form of resource inadequacies relating to personnel salaries and equipment, organization and above all the level of data utilization in member states.

20. One cannot think of subregional, regional or international statistics without adequate national transport statistics and thus, the projects main objective shall be to support the upgrading of transport statistics and its utilization at the national level.

21. A lot of money and effort has already been spent by ECA, UNDP, World Bank and other organizations in: undertaking the survey of transport information situation in selected African countries; developing a harmonized methodology for data collection

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/tto\NSCOM/946,/

Page 6

for roads, road transport, railways and port subsector; selection of performance indicators for roads, road transport, railway, ports, air and urban subsectors;

undertaking studies to determine technical, financial and human resources required to establish apfi manage the regional transport data base.

22. However, in order to attain the overall objectives a lot of work remains to be

done in the area of harmonization of methodologies and monitoring of transport data

network, and region-wide implementation* of the transport data base.

23. The major programmes essential to achieve these objectives faji under the following broad categories.

(a) Provision of assistance to national transport information system

programmes.

(b) Upgrading of professional capability of experts in ECA, an# target groups

in subregional and regional organization through well targeted and well

prepared workshops and short Jerm training.

(c) Development of harmonized manuals on data and indicator definitions, data collection and aggregation methodology beginning from the grassroots level.

(d) : Design, development, implementation and maintenance of regional

transport data base at ECA. , :

24. Detailed activities required to implement the above listed programme is fully covered in Chapters 7 & 8 below.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946

f*age 10

3. USER NEEDS

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

25. Four potential user groups have already been identified during the previous studies!/ These needs are summarized in the following lines.

3.1.1 Operational level management

26. Broad categories of users at operational level include construction companies,

manufacturing industries and major agricultural and transportation service enterprises,

mineral oil industries, donor agencies, banks, research institutes, universities and

training centres. Data needs of these groups vary depending on the type of trade they are in.

27. The most common use identified is for the preparation of budget and investment plans and monitoring and control of operations. In addition:

V construction companies require data on construction costs and

technologies and materials used in other countries of the region so as to acquire know how and experience and participate in the work if permissible;

V manufacturing industries and major agricultural projects

require transport data for selection of industrial plants location and agricultural project sites;

V transportation service industries require data for setting of

tariffs, analysis of present performance in relation to other related industries;

V donor agencies require data for undertaking decisions about

project financing, assessment of impacts on other sectors and development as a whole, monitoring and evaluation of projects and selection of sites for projects;

V banks and other financial institutions require data for project

evaluation and financing decisions;

1/ A transport data base for sub-Saharan Africa by K.W.Studnicks ■ Gilbert and John Heads, June 1992

DOC/DBASE/PHASB/TRANSCpiyi/946 Page 1.1 V research institutions, universities and training centres require

., data .far every kind of research work, development of curriculum and analysis of performance and definition of educational gaps;

V consultants require data for preparation of studies related to transport infrastructure, policy consultancy, development of planning models and assist public and private institutions in data collection planning and forecasting.

3.1.2 Sectoral and Subsectoral management

28. These.are mainly ministries and commissions entrusted with the responsibility of monitoring the activities of operational entities within the sector. These groups of management require data for:

. : V defining national transport policy as regards long term objectives; ;

V preparation of national transport plans, allocation of budgef, definition of norms, standards and specifications, preparation

■..-,. of construction and maintenance handbooks, provision of :;_: : , material surveys, traffic and transport forecasts;

V operational management in relation to construction progress,

<■„,,. equipment and maintenance management, and store handling, projects evaluation works planning, definitions of standards ...-..:..,-. and condition of contractors;

V monitoring and evaluation for physical, financial, qualitative results of operations including maintenance of the necessary

records and statistics; :i

V development of personnel policies regarding recruitment, training and establishment of training facilities.

3.1.3 Requirement at the national level

29. These are mainly planning commissions and all agencies closely related to the highest executive and legislature organs^of government (e.g. Prime Minister Office, Presidents Office, National Assembly, etc.).

30. These groups of users require data for:

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 12

V setting out long term objectives in the transport sector in line

with anticipated development plans in other sectors such as agriculture, industry, mining, tourism etc.

V defining policies and measures to achieve the long term

objectives;

V preparation of national plans and a long term transport sector

development strategy;

V budget allocation;

V setting of the legal framework and administrative rules;

V outlining of tax legislation and administrative rules;

V coordination of transport policy with other countries in the

areas of customs and transit regulation.

31. The advance in technology has created a situation whereby countries are becoming more inter-dependent on one another for raw materials, markets, know how and, in the case of land-locked countries for access to various services provided by organization which are outside their territories. This interdependence is more emphasized in the transport and communications sector.

32. Roads and road traffic crossing international boundaries, railway and railway traffic operations between two and more countries, ports, shipping lines, international airports and air traffic are all international in nature and, thus, create significant impact on the development and social well being of the nations involved.

33. Member States particularly require the following data and information on transport sector.

(a) Roads and road traffic

34. Land-locked countries are vitally interested in the condition and road use policies of transit countries. Particularly they need information relating to the condition of the relevant routes as well as overall road traffic situation, management and cost (user taxes, weight and axle-load limitation, etc.). On the other hand as regional and subregional road networks become more and more integrated, road conditions and traffic data of other countries becomes more and more vital for national planning.

(b) Railways and railway traffic

DOC/DBASE/PHASEirTRANSeOM/946 "

Pagejt3 35. Where railway lines cross international borders and serve two and more countries the need for data on railway conditions and railway traffic is similar to that of roads and road traffic. In addition, member countries would like international data for comparisons and transfer of experience.

(c) Airports and air transport

36. This sector has already achieved high level of data and information integration

through international agencies like ICAO. However, previous studies in this area indicate that there remains a lot to be done particularly in the area of availing the stored

information to member States in a user friendly manner so that it can be used effectively for national planning and economic development. On the other hand though air transport accounts for small part of total transport needs it has a considerable impact in the development of national economy. In particular it plays a key role in:

international passenger transport; import/export of spare parts, high value goods, perishable products; facilitating religions pilgrims etc. ■"<

37. Air transport industry is one of the most competitive sectors in the world and, thus to improve service and productivity nations require up to date comparative data of other nations and various economic sectors.

(d) Ports and shipping ^ i«

38. : Ports and shipping play a key role in international cargo transport. The efficiency at ports and the dependability of ships adversely affect the dynamism of national economies. Port operation and shipping data is crucial in any national planning.

Specially land locked countries require port and shipping data not only for national

plans but for day to day operations. \

3.114 Data need at the regional and subreqional level

39. ECA and other subregional organizations play a key role in facilitating the economic development of Africa. In particular EGA is mandated to play a crucial role in strengthening the economic relation of countries and territories of Africa, both among themselves and with other countries of the world.

46. In the field of transport, ECA, in cooperation with other agencies, is responsible

for:

V conceptualization and promotion of concerted plans for the orderly development of an integrated Pan-African transport and communications network.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 14

V drawing up of national plans by integrating subregional ones

where they exist and, where they do not, formulating them in cooperation with governments and relevant agencies;

V coordination of the overall decade activities in order to achieve

rational, the most cost effective and synchronized development of the transport network;

V making proposals for concrete actions for the standardization

of systems where necessary; and

V rendering technical assistance to the inter-governmental

organizations when they need assistance.

41. The activities outlined above are, among other things, the driving force which require accurate and timely transport data and information and hence the establishment of regional transport data base in ECA.

3.1.5 Data needs at the international level

42. International financing institutions, donor agencies and all economic and social oriented organizations require transport data for:

V international comparisons which is used as instrument of

experience transfer;

V an overall assessment of regional requirements and as input

for regional studies and development of regional programmes;

V market research and planning at international scale;

V regional planning so as to accommodate the needs for various services specifically for land-locked countries;

V project evaluation and financing;

V assessment of impacts of transport on other economic sectors

and development as a whole;

V undertaking research of every kind;

V planning training programmes; and

DOC/DBASE/PHASEIATRANSCOM/946 Page 15 V analysis of development gaps and allocation of resource

aimed at reducing these gaps.

3.2 ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENT OF TRANSPORT DATA AT VAfclOlfe USER

LEVELS

3.2.1 General framework

43. Transport data needs of the four user groups outlined in section 3.1 vary considerably. At the lowest level data is required by management for enterprise specific activities such as:

V strategic planning; for definition of goals, policies and general guidelines and for charting out future course for an organization;

V management control and tactical planning: for acquisition of resources and know-how, plant location, new products development and the establishment and monitoring of budgets.

V operational planning and control: for effective and efficient use of existing facilities and resources in order to cafry out the envisaged activities within planned limits.

44. At the highest level data is required by subregional, regional and international organisations for:

V international comparisons to be used as an instrument of experience transfer;

V an overall assessment of regional requirements to be used as an input for regional studies and development of regional

programmes;

V development of the necessary strategy in connection with the provision of transport service to land-locked countries.

,,,' . V undertake market research and planning on an international

scale.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 16

45. The overall data requirement of different uses and users can be represented as a pyramid with a wide base of detailed operational uses and an increasing level of aggregation at the highest level (see figure 1) below:

Figure 1: Level of aggregation in relation to data uses and users

Increasing level

of aggregation

Subregional, Regional and

International Organizations

National Authorities

Sector and subsector management

Operational management at the enterprise level

46. At the lowest level of the pyramid data generated through the normal daily functions such as sales and marketing, production, logistics, personnel administration, finance and accounting, maintenance and oprations is compiled in a format that fits the requirement of operational management for operational control, management control and strategic planning. In the case of organizations engaged in public service such road authorities and urban transport authorities data generated through normal daily operation is supplemented by special survey's. The cases in point that require special

d6c/dbase/phasei/tfmnscom/9^;:|

PageiV

surveys are road conditions, traffic patterns and operating characteristics of certain

: types of fleet. ;

47. At sectoral and subsectoral level of the pyramid aggregated annual data is received from public and private enterprises in a form of annual reports. For public enterprises and institutions the reports include, along with actual performance, annual budgets and short and long term plans.

48. National authorities receive data from sectoral ministries, statistical offices and specialized agencjes. In most countries the statistical.offices undertake speciaJ^surveys

so. as to supplement data obtained from line ministries, The information received by"

jthe national authorities is in most cases in a form of highly aggregated data and

indicators.

49. Subregional, regional and international organizations usually require data and

indicators availed to national authorities and the sources of these data and indicators

are in most cases national statistics offices and specialized agencies. On the other hand specialized international agencies like ICAO, IRF, UNCTAD and IMO etc, receive data from the national agencies involved in the operation and management of the

transport sector. ICAO receives data from airport authorities and airlines while UNCTAD

receives data from port authorities and shipping. Thus, it is not possible to indicate the level of data aggregation exercised by these international organizations.

3.2.2 Analytical requirement of ECA's regional transport data base 50. Principally the transport data needs of ECA are highly aggregated in nature with appropriate international comparisons. In order to satisfy these needs the system to be developed shall basically be highly flexible and provide room for changes and growth. For the start the indicators identified and agreed upon during the launching and closing seminars of the regional data base project shall be used. The system shall maintain both the data and indicators separately and shall provide the necessary tools for moving from one mode to the other and vice versa.

51. Data and indicators shall be aggregated to show national, subregional, regional and international comparisons with similar data of comparable characteristics.

52. Other aggregations and comparisons shall include:

V Intermodal within each country (e.g. no of passengers using

various modes of transport, accident situation, investment, productivity, etc.);

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 18

V Intermodal on subregional and regional basis;

V Level of dependency on various modes of transport at

national, subregional and regional level;

V Comparisons against internationally accepted norms;

V Growth/decline rates of various modes over a number of

years.

53. Central to the regional transport data base design and implementation shall the goals and targets defined for each sub-sector and the key indicators necessary to monitor the UNTACDA II programme.

54. In addition socio-economic and macro-economic data shall be made available in the system side by side with transport data base so as to facilitate transport based socio-economic analysis.

55. Data and indicators to be included in the regional transport data base are fully covered in chapter 4.

Page 19

4. REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE STRUCTURE

s 4.1 GENERAL

56. In its final form the regional transport data base shall contain both the statistical and non-statistical data and information on the transport sector, socio-economic data

and macro-economic data.

57. The transport sector shall be the most extensive and shall include data on:

traffic; physical facilities;'transport expenditure and revenues; development of transport

related technologies; transport related institutions, transport related policies,

procedures, rules regulations; etc.

58. Socio-economic data to be incorporated1'^ the data base shall be designed to provide the basis required for the analysis of alternative plans, policies and the formulation and calculation of several indicators. In general national and regional plans and policies have an impact on transportation services or are dependent on transport sector activities for their successful implementation. Thus, economic and socio- economic goals and policies that create impact on the transport sector shall be

included.

59. The non-statistical data shall include information on current and emerging transport related projects in the region, transport related research and training institutions, referral data base on transport related experts, data bases, and bibliographic data base on transport related fields, transport related rules and

regulations, etc.

4.2 COVERAGE OF THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BASE

60. The regional transport data base shall be designed to contain data on all modes

of transport including roads and road trasport, rail, inland and costal water ways, maritime, air, urban transport.

61. Data to be collected shall include the following basic areas for each mode of

transport as applicable.

Infrastructure and installation

V physical characteristics (dimensions, classification, present condition, age, equipment etc.).

DOC/DBASE/PHASEiyTRANSCOM/946 Page 20

V operating characteristics (capacity, travel time, reliability,

losses and damages, accidents etc.)

V cost characteristics (construction, operating and maintenance

cost, administration).

Fleet

V Fleet size, location and ownership, vehicle size;

V Technical characteristics (performance, age, capacity,

condition)

V operating characteristics (routing, types of goods transported,

loading condition);

V Cost characteristics (investments, operating and maintenance

costs).

Traffic patterns

V Traffic volumes (average daily traffic, tons and ton-km,

passenger-km, trips).

V Origin-destination flow data for passengers and freight

Public revenues and expenditures

V Revenues (imports, sales and fuel tax, registration and license

fees, tolls, etc.)

V Expenditure (construction, operating and maintenance cost,

subsidies, regulations)

V Foreign exchange requirements.

Private sector activities

V Manufacturing industries (vehicles and transportation

facilities);

V Import and export of vehicles by type;

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 .

V Private transport services enterprise;

V Fare and rate structures;

V Operating costs;

V Labour requirement;

V Value added and turnover of the transport sector.

Public sector organizations

V Management and planning capabilities, resources and deficits;

V Present activities and responsibilities;

V Personnel (number, qualification, availability, training etc.)

Environmental Impact and Energy use

V Energy consumption;

^ V Cost and regional availability of energy.

Future expansion

Once the statistical system is fully implemented the data base shall be expanded to include additional features required to followup trasnspbrforiented plans ah_d projects; environmental pollution caused by transport sector operation?;,

bibliographic and referral databases related to the regional transport operations.

62. Maximum effort shall be exerted to collect data for each mode of transport as desegregated as possible on a time series basis. For starting the regional transport data base data for; items Indicated in Annex 1 shall be collected and stored.

4.3 DEFINITION OF INDICATORS

63. A lot of progress has been made by the project team and the pilot countries in defining data collection methodologies for the indicators selected during the launching seminar. So far:

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 22

V indicators required for monitoring the progress of UNTACDA

II have been selected;

V harmonized methodology has been carried out for railways data collection and the values for performance indicators for

this subsector have been calculated by ail concerned pilot countries;

V ICAO methodology for air transport data collection has been

analyzed and adopted, and the selection of performance indicators for this subsector has been carried out;

V indicators for aviation has been selected by ICAO;

V limited number of indicators have been selected for urban

transport and actions to be undertaken to calculate their values have been identified;

V manual on the road and road transport subsector has been

prepared;

V various actions have been undertaken to monitor the regional

network, and the guidelines for the calculation of values for selected indicators have been disseminated throughout the network.

64. The indicators selected during the launching and the additional indicators identified by the projects unit and those agreed upon during the closing seminar shall be used as the base to start the regional transport data base, (for list of indicators and their definition refer Annex 2).

65. It is well established that the reliability of the indicators depend upon the reliability of the employed raw data. Hence, the main strategy shall be to collect raw data as desegregated, complete, updated and reliable as possible. The collection of raw data shall allow consistency in calculating indicators and provision of similar definitions at all levels.

4.4 DATA BASE STRUCTURE AND RELATED ESTIMATES 4.4.1 General

66. Detailed design of the transport data base including record layout design for inputs and files, screen layouts, output layouts etc. shall be worked out during system

DOC/DBASE/PHASE1/TRANSCOM/946 Page 23

design phase of the data base project. This chapter provides the necessary framework for estimating resources requirement. Figure 2 shows an outline of the database

organization.

67. With regard to the data collection, and updating procedures the data shall be

organized subregion-wise, country-wise within each subregion, mode-wise within each

country and data type-wise within each node.

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946 Page 24

FIGURE 2

PROPOSAL FOR THE DATA ORGANIZATION IN THE REGIONAL

TRANSPORT DATA BANK

SUBREGION ONE

COUNTRY ONE

REGIONAL TRANSPORT DATA BANK

SUBREGION TWO

COUNTRY TWO COUNTRY THREE

SUBREGION THREE

COUNTRY FOUR

MODE ONE

MODE TWO

MODE THREE

MODE FOUR

INFRASTRUCTURE TRAFFIC

PATTERN

FINANCIAL OPERATION

OTHERS

DATA ITEMS

1

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCGM/946 Page 25 4.4.2 Record structure

(a) Basic data file . ,,.

68. There are a Tot of options available for structuring data file record! For purpose of data collection, and estimating data volume the following record structure shall be used.

Sub- Region

Country Code

Mode Code

Classification Code

Data Item Code

Unit of Observation

, Starting

Year! ■ Date j Foot

Years j Note j Years j 1

Data Year 20

Foot Note Year 20

69. The relative size of the record and its elements shall be as indicated in Table 1 Table 1: Size of data elements in data file record

Description Subregion code Country code Mode

Classification ' Data item code ,:

Unit of observation Starting year Data year-1 Footnote Year-1

Data year-20 Footnote year-20 Total record size

Size and characteristics

1 "|:

3 1 1 6 2 4 10

." 3

-

10 3 278

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric.

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Numeric Numeric Alphanumeric

.

■ ■ ■

■ ■■

-Numeric Alphanumeric Bytes

70. It should be noted that the structure indicated on the table is used only for determining the data volume and other relevant estimates. However, in order to satisfy the user needs, the archiving of dataand indictors shall be undertaken in a number

DOC/DBASE/PHASEl/TRANSCOM/946 Page 26

of ways including: by country, by mode, by type, by data item etc. Issues related to

organizing data shall be dealt partly in data distribution section of this report and

extensively during the system design phase of the regional transport data base project.

71.

(b) Reference files

The following basic reference files shall be maintained.

Subredion description Code

Name - English Name - French Total

Country Code Name Currency Total

Mode of transport Code

Description -English Description -French Total

Type of data description Code

Description -English Description -French Total

Data series description Code

Name of series -English Name of series-French Total

1 40 40

§1

3 40 20 63

3 40 40 81

3 40 40 83

6 40 40 86

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric

Unit of observation

Code Alphanumeric

DOC/DBASE/PHASEI/TRANSCOM/946

Page 27

Description 20 Alphanumeric

Total 22

Footnotes

Code 3 Alphanumeric

Description -English 40 Alphanumeric Description -French 40 Alphanumeric

Total 83

4.4.3 Data volume

(a) General assumption

72. The following assumption have been used in estimating data volume.

- Number of data items in each transport subsector.

■ Road sub-sector 200 items

■ Road transport sub-sector 180 items

■ railways sub-sector 100 items

■ Ports sub-sector 120 items

■ Shipping sub-sector 20 items

■ Airlines sub-sector 54 items

■ inland Water sub-sector 30 items

■ Airports sub-sector 50 items

■ Urban transport sub-sector 50 items

■ Socio-economic and macro-economic data 200 items

- Number of countries 53

- Number of ports 60

- Number of major cities 51

(urban population > 500,000 only)

- Annual working days 240

- Effective working hours per day 5 - Average production rate per operator per hour

for keying-in/verification 5000 byts - Average of one minute per record for checking

and coding

- About ten per cent of the work requires further editing

- Twenty percent increase assumed on currently identified data items.

(b) Total data volume