The ECA statistical data base its use for Socio-Economic analysis

UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

;;;corm.IIG

ca.ij.iISSIOI' FGl ilFRICA

Second session of the Joint Conference of io.frican Plarmers, ~tatisticians

and Demographers

f.ddis "baba,

G-17 l.lar-ch 1902

TEE XI' STi,TISTICi>L DATi. :lfoSC:

iLl,D

ITS U::;,,; F-lR

accro-scoauac

^ANALYSLS

ST_IECI~/PSD

.2/5 7

December

19G1

Original: ENGLISH

rv .

:OtrcLLEIOJ:~ " .

I. nITROOxrIOI'I ^\I • • • • • • • • • •l>• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •\II • • • • • • • \II • •

II. THZ 2CJ\: 3Tii.TJ.G,TICiJ.. DATi.. I3iSZ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

III.

Clr-igins ••••••⁰~ I!l"" ..

Developments ••••••••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••

Organization ••••~.~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

USE OF' TIlE ~TflTI.3TIClLL Dj~Tli Di1.SE ^{( l "(I (I ..}

Tabulation"

Aggregative kinds of analysis ••••••••••••0 • • • • • • • • •

3ocio-economic indl.cators •••••••lIo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

S~c.:;.O""€conomicmodels ••^{O • • •}Q~• • • • • • • • • • • •~• • • • • • • • •

3pecialized analysis ••••••••• ~•••••••••••••••••••••

Paragraphs

1

2 15

2 5

6 12

13 15

16 30

24

²⁶

27 30

31 33

34 36

37 40

41 44

nHN'JX I.

ANN:!:~ II.

iJTNZX III.

Basic list of subject" for statistical survey of Africa.

Data required for monitoring and apprai"ing the Lagos Plan of Action.

iwailability of National Accounts in ;d'ri.oa.n COImt"ries showing latest published data for Tables of the ill! :3yster.: of l1ational Account s ,

ST/ECA/PSD.2/5

I. INTRCDOCTION

In the report of the first session of the Joint Conference of African Planners, _§~~!,.~sticiansandDemographer-s

_{;o;/<;;l:l

!}A!!'f;D.I/28

J

the provisional agenda drawn up for its

Second session inciludes the' item., "The ";CA statistical data base and it" use for socio- economic ana.Lysd.s!", This 'paper exainines the structure and."~':mt~nt of the ;o;GA st'atistical .datra base as well as the developmental problems therewith associated. It then' looks into'

the dat a and methods used for socio-economic -analysis: and "considers the usefulness of the st at Lst Ica L data ·base for that purpose and Generally for supporting "frican development effort" •

•

_U. THE EGA ST"TISTICi,L DhTA Bi,s;;;

(a) ,OriGins

2. At its first session in 1959 the ~conomicCommission. for h~rica requested the

E~cutive Secretary to convene a Conference of African Statisticians. Among the 'i1rst tasks of that conference which met later that year was a review of the priorities, content and 'suc<!essive phases of a st at Lst i.oaI survey of A.frica, and, in thic connection, 'a basic list of items, reproduced at annex 1, in ne spcct of l{~lich statistical -data wer-e needed, :was drawn

·up:. On thatbasiG ,countries were to prepare their oun ctatictical programmes and the ^;o;GE.

secretariat was to f oLLov up deve Lopmerrts directly ther-eud.th ,

3';:

Soon

afterwa~ds

the United ;lations Deparrtmerrt of Economic and Social [,ffairs prepared

IIAn ~conomic Survey oi i1frica since 1950", E/CN _14/28, and that was submitted to the Conunissil'"

at::its', second session. The survey attempted to give a co.npr-eheriaave description of the

important aspects of the African economy during a decade, but it also served to highlight the serious gaps obtaining in the, availability of almost all country statistical data.

4•.

At its thoseg~p$, services in .. deV,e lopment

second sc sc.Ion , in·.1961, the Conference of African Statisticians, conscious of revie~ed.the situation in the countries or the region regarding statistical all their aspects and relevant difficulties obtaining, and recognized that the of such services HoU:i.d be its main concer-n for many years t'her-eaf'eer- •

5.

Nevertheless, with the objectives of developing a regional framework of statistical

·information and providing a, compre.hensive statistical basis for analysing the i.frican economic and social situations the ECi\ secretariat embar-ked upon the abstr.action of i~frican numerical data from primary' and secondary national and international publications and their arrangement into manual files. At the same time, in collaboration l-lith the United Nations Headquarters and specialized agencies, effortB were devoted to the provision of techn~cal assistance in tq~ region in the development 9f agricultural statistics, labour and related statistics,

education andaheaith, dem~gr,aphic and other social statistics, international trade, industrial, national aCCOWlts· and other economfc statistics as liell as in et a.t Lat Lca I organization and training '50 as to'help not only to develop the various national Gtatistical se~!ices:but al~o to encourage the use of and demand for statistics for public purposes principally for national planning and policy making and to ensure a steady flm' of reliable and timely statistical data into the I!..'Ca f i Les , Such teclmical ae ci.s't ance was provided by mea.na of reeional advisers, country experts, working parties, seminars and expert Horking groups on specific subjects, the creation of regional statiGtical training centres and the provision of fellowship" for tJC study of statistics particularly for middle-level statisticians.

• ST/ECA/PSD.•2/5

Page 2

(b) ~elopment::;

5. The dev e Iopmerrt of the Manual files at 2C/~ continued, and with the acquisition in 1961 of a Iiollerith mechanical tabulating system, some statistics on international trade were m.echanized and published in Forcir;n Trade Stat,i$tics...for hfrica, Series A: Direction of Trade and ·-:;eries J: Trade by Commodity. In 1967 a f:i,rst ztatiotical yearbook, entitled Statistical Bulletin for "'frica Has published and in the folloHing year the first

comprehensive annua L ,Survey of .&onomic Condition!.> in. i\.frica prepared by the EC!l secretariat appeared. beanHhile ;;:C,l'e mechanical t abuIatinr- equi.pmerrt was replaced by an illiii )60/20 system and a punch card archi~e constituting all nwnerical data thUD far co~puted was establiohed and in 1970 a computerized version of the Statistical Yearbook HaD published corrt adrri.ng all ouch data ava.iLab Le for the period 1950 to 1969.

7.

Liainly for technical reasons and oHine; to the staff situation, the majority of punch • card files were not maintained but the manual compilation of data continued. However,

computerized files on statiDtics of industry, international trade and national accounts were ,maintained and, for national accourrt s , they included estimates in respect of countries for

"hich such data "ere not available.

8.

i.ieanwhdLe the demand for more adequat-e data had increased and there "as a need t .. make such dat a more easily available at the r-cg i.onaL Leve L, ConcequentLy , in 1976, arr;angements Here initiated to develop existing facilities in the f'or-m of a data bank operation in full co-operation with the'countries of the region, and in the following year the exiGting

comput-er- configuration '<ae repkced by an HCR Century 151 System "ith punch card, ma[;netic tape and disc facilitieG.

9.

In July 1977, work started on the creation of compr-eherisIve data files on international trade statistics and, in th i.c connection, arrangements Here made to collect such data ac were available on magnetic tape from the United Ilations IIeadc;uarters ac "ell as from the various countries of the region. In cases wher-e the data Here not available in that medium publicationo were solicited and proccs"ed in collaboration with the United Nations Statistical Office. These ar-r-angemerrt s are in force and data as are procesced at the ~A secretariat are copied and sent on tape to the Ceneva cection of that office and copies of such data as are processed in Geneva are received at EC..', for inclusion in -the da-ta base whd.c h now contains data: series at var i.ouc le;;e15 of aggre~ationincluding ~Cii !::ecretariat estimates for

54

African countries~ r~owever detailed comr.1odity trade series are available in respect of only

34

countries of-the region, but every effort i~ being ~ade to encourage. the other countries to iDprove their data and develop information in cufficient detail lJhich will be of great

ser-vLce to them as ue Ll, as to the r eg i.ona L coromund.ty ,

10. In February 1981 the ZC./\ computer- equipment was replaced by the much more power-f'u L EP 3000 System (512 l.byte a of internal I,lefilory) "ith Li.md.ted on-line facilities. Thereafter all computerized statistical data files Here transferred to the new s ys^t era and at the time of Hriting, October 1931, the mater-La L in the statietical data bank comprises almost 22 million records aa £0110110:-

ST(EcA/PSD .2/5 Page :=

Subject

~ll economic statistics

~mographicstatictics

(not r.lortality) ••• • ••

Ilealth (including mortality) ••

hll statistical data

80 90

1]6

• 120

65

27

889

======•

Average 1lumber-

of Characters per record

20,000 251,.770

97,129 1: ,57.9 616

117,300 37 ,922

Number"

of Records 22,000,000

30 , 000

??

,4,7.G, 144

~2~5~3~~6

-=---=

.

..

,

. ...

...

... ...

...

... ...

... .

^,."

.. .

••

•

. ..

...

...

Labour •••

External trade •• "

Exchanee rates .~.

National accounts

(includ'ing sectoral deflators)

~ner[;y ::upply ••~ e e^{fl • ; , ' .}

Industrial statistics.. • ••

Prices ••^{0 It e a • •l)} .~.

1 1 . ooon afterwards.t^{h e} system lias u p g r a d e d t o a n i n t e r n a l m e m o r y c a p a c i t y o f biD i.. ^{b y te c} and certain ~oftware packages were acquired inc lucling- a dat a bane management system (n~··.G2

3000), and the Statistics Division is in the process of developing an integrated statistical data base around that syot em ..

12. Consequent upon the publication of the "Plan of nction for the implementation of the uonr-ov aa strategy for the economic development of i.frica recommended by the EGA. Conference of L.inisters r-e sponsab Ie for economic deve Lopmerrt at its sLxth meeting held at ilddis Aba"ua, 9-12 i1pril IS80" (0:/Cn.14/781/1"1dd.l) the basic list at annex I in respect of uhich data Nas

required was found to be inadequate for ~CA requirements. he a result a new list has been prepared and is reproduced at annex II. The list has l>een ar-r-anged as far ao possible accord- ing to the broad headings presented and it iG hoped that eventually series in respect of all subjects therein referred to Nill JC included in the st at Lct LcaL data base. ::owever the availability and flow of such information Hill depend iaa.i.nLy on t:le ~tate .of deveIopmerrt and the capatility of the various national statistical offices to collect such data and their ava'i.Laoi H'ty in the countrrLe s the~-.1Sel'/es. Thus a clear priority for the- ECil Statictics Division is the develop~cnt of these national statistical offices.

13. The statictical data bace is conceived as a facility uhere uacrs may be able to enter ctatistical .i.nfor-mat-Lon whd.ch they may r-etr-Leve ^&t ,·;ill anc; obtain informa-tion in respect of other users' data, sU0ject to wutually agreed constraints. In its final stage it will

contain at the first conceputal level country data arranged according to relevant standard logical record structures but rewaining ~ssential1yunchanged and maintaining the definitions and unite in which they have been pr-ovi.ded , j~t the second Leve I it uill contain the data of

ti~ first level in a form conpletely standardized in uccordance with international

claszifications concepts and definitions. That ICiel will permit tlle aggregation of data

oy

:!:C... aubr-eg Lona L and other gr-oup i.ng s as ue I I as the creation of a third Leve L llhich l'1ill contain certain derived ~ata including economic indicators and country profiles. A country prcfile would provide a snap description of the particulars of that country rrh i.ch would be useful for anyone requir::"ar, an immediate know Ledge of the country including a broad 'View of the socio-econo~icconditione therein.

~~/ ~./p~'-'

'>/"

.JJ. ...:...l ,jU_0:- J

Pace

4

14. hn on-vl Lne ar-r-an--encrrt in envi saged vrher-c count r i.ec l'.rill be able to access comput er-c at the ECi~ uu Lt Lnat Lona I pr-ogrammi.ng and operational centres (;.JUL,PCCs) a c Hell as at ~~Ch headquar-t-er-s and v Lce-ver-oa but t her-e ar-e certain practical pr-ob Lems trh i.ch cannof be o',:+er- looked such ao financial conctr-airrts and the limited staffing arrangements of the ;,.:JLPCCs ae Hell as thc coopetence and rcsponcibilities of "/ariout:: Lrrt cr-na't i.ona L specialized aGencies for the dcve Iopracnt anc collection of ::.tati.stics i l l .specific subject fields. For cxarap Ie _F,'~O iG the competent authority in matrt er-c of agr-i.cu It ur-a I st at i.ct Lcs , :n-:O .is responsible for hca Itl . .statictics and rJilJZSCO for cduc at Lon ct at Lst i.c s , anr: c.:u.ta in the cc various cub ject fields would have to be obtained from the respective agencies concerned. Lotrever- some t eIepr-oceae mg ic also env Lsagcd trhi.ch uouId per-mi.r some inter-com;cctio.z:. Hit:1 the Jnited Nations :Ieadc:uarterc and tri.th some of the cpec i.a Li.zcd agenc fe a , 'I'huc it uou Ld '0(: pos c ib Ie to include not only id'rican statistics in the ~~Ci·. statictical data base Jut ~t2..tistic.s in r-ecpect of the rest of the: uorId as treLl ,

IS. For obv Louu r-e aconc ::::uch a netnror-k cannot be ectabliohec Lmmedd.at eLy , On-line facilities are already in uoe at the secretariat but aata f~om a~roa~ Hill continue to be transnitted by na LL f01" SODle tir.lc yet^<> i,lso ac has been indicated above a'Ll. computerized sell statistical dat a arc ava.i Lab Ie in sequorrt La I files and an ':=Ci. ctatictical data case has not yet ".Jeen conct-ructed , iIever-t he Ieas , coue deve Iopmerrt a L wor-k i13 in progrec:::; ac the existing files are updated Rn~ the computerization of other uU0ject matter files continues. ~ventuallyall subject matter files Hill be comput er-Lzec. and organized into an integrated statist~caldata bace uhach uill Lnc Luc'c the f'o-Lkov i.ngr

Demor;raphic and social statictics

Population, v Lt a I ctaticticc, r,1i0~ation;

.Iousi.ng !

~mploym.ent and condit i.onc of iror-k;

:~ealt:1;

Education:

Leisure ill1d culture~

30cial security and welfare;

Public cre8r and safety.

2cono@ic ctatistics

i:..griculture~ f'or-e srtr-y and. f Lcher-y .statistics;

Incustrial and construction ctQticticB; includinc energy;

Transport and comnua.i.cet Lonc : Distr ibut ion;

Irrter-na't LonaI. Trade

Finance^I including ;,loney, bariki.ng , ::>alancc of paymerrt c and puo Li,c ^fi.nance]

Prices;

iloucehoIc statistics;

Hational accounts.

other ctatistics Cli:.latic condition"

i..e anuhi Le it hac been dcc i.dcd to Launch a first ctage of the statistical dat-e. base i".llediately to include the following thrce levels:

ST/F£A/PSD.2/5 Page 5 Level I: Country profiles;

Level II: Detailed country statietical ';'n:':o""lC,"t:,c,'\ in ctandar-d units;

Level 1111 Statistical series.

III. l & OF TIlE STATlBTIChL Di"T" 3iW;'; POR SOClo--ECOllQ.aC i.Ni.LY:;lB

16. I t has been shown that the statistical data base in its initial stages Hill comprise macro data with indivi~ualcountries or regions within countries as the statistical units to which the data relate. I t is necessary at this point to distinguish clearly between macro and micro data. The'former, as already indicated, are of an aggregative'nature. They include the set of files on external trade, which is the largest compilation of data available at F£i.

and considerably disaggregated to show cOl1l/llodity detail, however all data relate to countries and there is no identification of individual transactors. The same consideration applies to all the other .f'LeIde already mentioned.

17. l,;icro data, on the other hand, relate to the establishments, households, resources or other units responSible for particular activities or having specific characteristics. 'These data are obtained from censuses,surveys and adr.linistrative records and are of a confidential nature which is legally protected in "~st African countries. Some miCro data

can

however be made available on an internationalbasLs , For example ESCiJ' is undertaking research on small samples of' the popuIatLon,.ceneus records of some Asian countries' and at 'l<3astone African country is l'~apning:to

make

ite houeehold survey results available in suitably edited f'r-om , i'l't'ang~men:ts'along these lines are of course fully consistent with the normal confidentiality r-eguLatLone •

18. It is probable that F£A will need to work on micro data when enough material can be made availal>le,1?Y African.couner-Les , The purpolleS, of such work would be to assist in the development of me:t~Od9logyfor data procescing and ffilalyeis and to provide for estimated disaggregation of some of th~',material in the regular data base. lIowever it must be emphasized that micro data, even subject to full confidentiality restrictions, cannot be envisaged as a formal part of the statistical data base in the immediate future.A nain consideration in this connection is the enormous amount- of information that "auld have to be handled.

19.

In the light of the above conment s it is clear that the main statistical units in the data base will be countries or parte of countries. Data compiled for these units will relate to the normal economdc and social topics which have been identified as useful and \,ill be disaggregated by variables relevant to these topics.

20. Regarding general policy for the use of the data base it has to be assumed that its pricary function will be to provide basic information through reeular publications or on apecial request. However this alone iG not a caticfactory concept for construct in[; and usiI?-g' a data base.

21, l, 'more fundamental requirement in that, the information in the data base should be used in an integrated manner to explain the outcome of the economic and social policies of individual countries and of the region as a "hole. This means that the i.nformation on the various subject.., of the data base has to be inter-related.

The cOWltries but, in a

most obv Lous f'r-ame for thin purpoce is t:li1t provided on a geographical basis by the tb e n c e I v e s or their urban areas ^{a n d} regions. .3uch a frame is ^a L a r - m i . n gLy aggregative region with so many countries as l~frica, it semns a sensible starting point.

ST/ZCA/PSD.2/5 Page 6

23. In the context of the situation de scr-dbed above it is possible to examine prospects for the analytical applications of the SCi, statistical data base in relation to the

technical arrangements already available⁰ Some of these ar-r angemerrt s are discussed in the following notes~

?..4.

Tabu::''lt ions. The prov ision of basic data without any kind of explanatory

classification is likely to be a continuing function of the data base but is obviously not analytical. However- when the data are tabulatedI with classifications by one or more

characteristics or variables, they are intended

to

provide some explanation'of the situation to which they relate~ The tables in yearboo!<n and other statistical publications are one example.

25. Clearly the preparation of regular atat Lst Ica I publications will be one of the main functions of the data base in the foreseeable futureo It will be a considerable tim~ before the same mater-La I can be made available to enough Users t hr-ough comput-er- terminals and

related devices.

26. Another example is the t abu IatIons prepared in r-esponse to specific inquiries. These almost always have some analytical content in the sense that they are intended to support particular investigationso

25.

Aggregative kinds of analysis. One of the. most common and useful forms of analysis is the consolidation of data to provide a reasonably comprehensive picture of a given situation. Perhaps the main example is the national accounts. which attempt to provide

Lntegr-ated information on a national economy through the use of currency as a standard unit.

27. The ECi, statistical data baee already includes up-to-<late estimates of GDP by industrial origin and kind of expenditure for all member countries. These are official national figures where available and gaps are filled by secretariat estimates. Some of the data for the national accounts are of course available from the subject matter files in the data base but nome~ns of automatic compilation i~ envisaged because an element of judgement is involved'. lJuch the same vionsdder-at Lcn applies at national LeveL,

28" In ^v i ^{e w} of the importance of national accounts -Ln analysing the A f ' r - L oa n economic situation a brief r-ev i.eu of their current status is given in annex III. It will be seen that a considerable amount of further work will be needed before satisfactory accounts.are achieved, particularly in least developed countries.

29. An Impor-tant; component of riation~l ^{aCcoWlts is} the .input--...autput 'tab Le , needed i,:p analysing industrial structure and performance~ ^{So far} o~ly ^six Af~ican co~tries ^have' compiled these tables, which presumably rcflects the generally weak state of industrial statistics ..

30.

i. fell Af'r-Lcan countries are sh01fingincre'asing interest in the coc La L accourrt Lng matrix, which may be regarded as an eA~ension of the national accounts because it covers much the same ground but pays more attention to labour force and other social conditions.

f.t the moment it is not possilJle to gue so uhet hor- this. lUrd of analysis win bewi.dely

adopted and t her-e are some doubts abou; thc ability.of countries to compile social accountinp matrices often enough to be usef~l.

31. Socio-economic indicators. A great deal has been written'and said about indicators but there are so far no firm international_{• ,} r-ecoumendat Lons and. there has been no systematic_{. ' • - ' -< "}

wor-k at national level. The I!:Ch. Confer-erice of iliniGters hac expressed an interest in indicators and. papers :have been presented to b~th,the first'and second sessions of the Joint Conference. On the other hand the United' tl~tion..; Statistical ComDu.ssion took the view some years aco that it is better to Lmpr-cve basic statistics instead of relying too much on Lnd Icat or-s,

::iT /ECA/PSD .2/5 Page 7

32.·

;rt can be said that indicators are a useful shortoo<:ut analytical tool for comparing economic and social conditione between countries and between communities. They can also serve to show the changes in a country or community over time. One- of the advantages of indicators is that they can often be estimated in situations uher-c basic data are poor and

~SC)I:le< interest;ing results have been achieved covering Lar-ge number-s of countries. ^Ilowever- it cannot be said that indicators are a good basis for the formulation of development policies. For this _pui~ose more detailed _analyci~ is required.

33.

The ECA statintical data bane .Iill therefore concentrate on developing interrelated basic ntatiatics, including those of an aggregative nature such an national accounts. ·If

"this. .~s clone, most of the usua.L indicators Hill be available anyway without incurring a shor-t f'a Lk. .Ln _-th~ p.ompilation of mor-e comprehensive data.

34.

$oci~conomicmodels.

Thic

includes econometric models, planning models and social accounting models. L,ost of the data Hhichcontribute to national accounts and other kinds of aggregative ^{f ' r}a m e w o rks ^{c a n '} also ^{b e u s e d} in establishing ^{m o d eL s} of an econometric nature.

Such models are analytical models becaune they help to make an analysis of the past

and

present. structure :ofthe economy. They look more closely at the interrel';ti;nships.bet>!een variables and can be 'used i'n making long- and shor-t-ster-m p,rojectioits,' as _well as -oomparisons between countr-Les , ECi1 hac already constructed econorretr-Lc models and these ^TVere-presented to the Joint Conference of Af r-Lcan Planners, Statisticians and Demographers at its first

sess,ion in 1930~ ^{!" ! .}

35.

;;;xar"ples of p Iannangvrnode Ls are input-output models and mor-e generally multi-DeCtoral models whic:l are useful as planning tools. ECI. has also undertaken .1Ork in thi" .field and some of the results are reported under the agenda item dealing with sectoral projections.

Social accounting models are also useful for short-term forecasting as well as for making economic adjustments, and the ECA secretariat is planning to undertake a study in that field shortLy ,

36. These three types of models are all LikeLy to be ver-y useful under African conditions.

r:owever it is most important that each be adapted to the particular conditions of a given country and ^DO uor-k is in progress to evolve appropriate models for African countries.

37. Specialized analysis. Very often it is necessary to undertake in-depth studies of structure and activities in particular subject areas. One case already mentioned in the context of national accounts is input-output analy:ds needed for the formulation of effective industrial development policies.

33.

i1nother specific example is demographic analysis, concerned with the explanation of population dynamics Hhich r.lust a Lso be' regarded as an eencrrti.aI instrument for policy

formulation~ Thic involves the ~aldng of population projections, studies on the inter- relationships between population and various social and economic variables, as well as estimating basic population needs such as housing, food and health nervices, and the statistical data bane would provide the necessary material for such an undertaking.

39. Other main areas likely to need continuing analytical examination are tr-ade and balance of payments inter a Li.a , Such operations would require ana Lyccs into the inter- relationships between trade, transport, external transactions and other economic and social activities and that could be provided by the statistical data base. The data

contained therein would also be helpful in nolving problems connected with thc creation or strengthening of regional or subregional trade, monetary and financial institutions.

ST/ZCA!PSD.2/S Page 3

,:40. Under- the heading of specialized analysis it seems desirable to mention once again the censuses and surveys concerned l-lith micro data. ltlthough there is no inunediate

intention of including micro data in the data base, the summar-y results of such cerieuac s and surveys do have to be incorporated. For basic items like income, expenditure and

ocCupati9nal distributions the problem is not too difficult and the data can be added to the subject files mentioned in the first par-t of this paper. However- there ,;ill be a

considerable amount of additional information arising from analysis of the census and

survey results themselves. It will t;troW additional light on economic and social structures

"and trends and to sorae extent explain the relationships between the variables involved, Thought still has tp'be given to the practical means of incorporatinr, such Lnf'or-matLon ^.in the data base. '

IV. CONCLUS!OI!

41. This paper has described the purposes of the 0C~ statistical data base, its proposed content, current state of progress and SOfi~ of its probable applications. It is clear that development of the data base is dependent entirely on statistics supplied by countries of ,t..he, region.

42.

Other papers presented to the Joint Conference show that hfrican statistics have

maderpr-ogr-c s s during the tuo decades since independence but that progress has been far tot) slow and neither data availability nor applications meet rcquirementc for effective

f'.q~velopment planning or the solution of current econond,c and social problems. The basic difficulty is that African governments are still not giving sufficiently high priority to

s~atiGticaldevelopment,

43.'

^In this connection four points have to be borne in mind: (1) The cost of 'an effective national ~tatist'icalservice is remarkably small in relation to the total cost of central government; (2) the post-independence tendency of t>frican govcr-nmcnt s to regard development plans as shopping lists of projects is no longer good enough but' is being perpetuated by donors who require the preparation of such shopping lists as a bazic fpr their own- aid pr-ogr-amaes ;

(3)

a balanced vie\{ of national dcve Lopeerrt balled on a factual analysis of the current situation and future prospects can greatly reduce the present wa~te o~ re~ourccs

and

(4)

the first ccccaon of the Joint Conference identified data 'inalysiG':s a factor which could bring data producers and users into a more effective-working relationship and hopefully make i~rican planning more efficient.

440 In the light of the above comments the Joint Conference is invited to consider and, if necessary, revise current proposalc for develop~entof the ECA statistical data ba~e.

The underlying question is the extent to which the data base can support I.frican development efforts: Is it sa'\:isfactory in its proposed form or would an alternative arrangement be more useful?

::;r/Xi.jPSD.2h

'finnex I Page 1

(a) Population

(i)

Agcregaten by sex and broad aGe croups (applicable to tue country)

distincuishinc trhcr-e Lmpor-tant the principal economic groups (ouch a's urban-rural populationc or other eroupincs pertinent to the country uhich lIould clistinguish . ,sul>ci.otence groups f'r-on ot her-s ; nomads chould f'or-t; a separate croup if Impor-tant },

Dc

~ population QiCht be preferred to ~ jur2 in many caSC3.

~

(ii)

Fertility. 2stimates of fer-tility for principal croups; these may be in any forr.. from ace-specific rates to estimates of number of children born to civen number~

of uoraen and may be baaed on apoc i.a L recistration areas, Lnt erc-censaL ~:Jtimat,es, camp Le sur/eye and par-t Lc L DurVCyC.

(iii) LiGration. 2ctil.1atcs of number of inl-iabitantG movLng into and out of

territory annually (or seasonally) by ace and sex (if possible). Internal migration to be covered ^trher-c important~

(b) or other

(h)

'Labour

Ilouccho Ldc~

appropriate

Distribution croupinc.c) ..

of population by kands of households (ur-ban-r-ur-a L

.,

..

^{~, . )}

(i) llumbcr of employees (.lith come classification into permanent and temporary ::lw:r.".employeco) dur-Ing an appropriate payroll period in the principal branches of economic

activity, includinc acricultural activities (plantations, etc.) in the orGanizcc

sector of the economy, i ~

(ii) (iii)

Total earningn for employees claacificd as in (b)

(i)

above.

Unemployraent in urban areas.

(iv) Investication of \lorlcing population in subsistence Groups (by household inquiries).

(c) i'viculture

(i) !>rea and production of principal crops; production of clairy and livestock products.

(ii) Ar-ea and production of pL a r r e a tL o n o and similar large L a n d - b oI dIngc ,

(iii) Area and production of crapo not included in

(i)

above (acricultural surveys prorrressively extended).

y

ReprOduced from EjCN.14/25 "Report of the Conference of African Statisticians"",

ST/~/PSD.2/5 Annex I

Pal2c ~

(iv) 2stimated distribution of land-hol<linU:: by c.i.ze distinguishinc oubsistence~groupc (~ hoc rural curveyc },

(v) Jstimatcc of livestock number-s by species, distin[;uichinc cubsictcncc gr-oupe (~ ~ rural our~eyc).

(yi) .e:stimutcc' of annual c Iauglrterinr-c ::'y cpoo Lca •

. (vii) /l>ierace price" received by farmer" for each important crop and product and paid by f'ar-mer-s for the. main inputs of agr-Lcu Ltur-e ,

(viii) ::::ctimatcG of cro~c capital formation, annuaLly , in av:icultural rnachinery and equipuent, land llJprOVemcnt and reclamation.

(d)

Fore"try'

(i) Quantity and va Lue of fellinG'"

(H) '!uantity and value of other forest products.

(iii) Jlrca of netr foreet plantation" , annual.

(e)

Hohing

(i)

ilumber- of national fichinc craft by ei.zc , dictineuichinc motorized .vcase Ls and sea and LnLand uat er-uay vecce La ,

(ii)·

Landed T<eiGht and va Iue of catch of sea and inland fisheries, annual (~;I.es to ooncider- if conposi.t Ion of the catch important).

(:r)

Inductrr (and r.!iniac,)

(i) ^.rcmber- of eo't ab Li.chmcrrt c , number- of per Done enGaGed and annual not output

clao3ifiecl by lund of economic acti?ity and cize of e3tablicl~nt.c Thecc data would be collected initially for larce establicluJentc and procreocively e4~ended by uamplc

aur-vcye to cover cma Ll, oct ab Li.shment c (including handacr-af't c ) •.

(ii)

Total waces and salaries, clac=ified as above"

(iii) Humber of dave or hour-e uor-kcd , clascified ao above.

(iv) Capacity of Lnrrta Ll.ed porrer- equa.pmcnt by size of cstablichnJCnt arid f:ind of economic activity.

(v) 'falue of principal products and of rat! material" and fuel and ener-gy consumed annually by lci.nd of economic activity.

(-ni)

Groce annuaI capital f'or-raa't i.on by type of capital [;oods and by kind of economic act Iv i.ty ,

('lii) Production, conounpt i.on , ct ockc and trade of fuel and ener-gy (annual).

ST/OCh/PSD.2/5 Annex I Page

3

(viii) Aver-ages (or relatives) of sales prices received by pr-oducer-s for each important product to be combined if possible into monthly index-number's classified by kind of economic activity.

(ix) Index numbers of industrial production, distinguishing mining and manufacturing, monthly or quarterly.

(g) Transport and Commwlications 1. ,later Transport

(i) Number of carrying capacity of vessels in: (1) inland commercial traffic, and (2) sea-~orne commercial traffic.

(ii) AnnuaL tonnage of goods loaded and unloaded in: (1) inland traffic,and (2) sea- borne traffic.

(iii) :entrances and clearances, distinguishing coastal and inyernational (annual).

: ' (i'"

....

)JG~oss

..

capita'l formation annually.

·~2. RaiPrransport (i) Length of track.

(ii)

Number, power- and carrying capacity of vehicles classified by type.

(iii) Ilet freight ton-J<ilometres and passenger-kilometres performed monthly or .quar-ter-Iy ,

(iv) Tonnage of goods loaded and unloaded monthly or quarterly.

(v) Gross capital formation annually by type.

3.

Civil Air Transport

(i) .. Number of aircraft registered .by type.

(ii) Passenger-kilometre" (or miles) and cargo and mail ton-kilometl"es (or miles)

performe~annuallydistingui>:hing domestic and international tl"affic.

(iii) Tonnage of cargo loaded and unloaded distinguishing domestic and international.

(iv) Number of pa~aengersembarking and disembarking distingW.shing d_stie and international travel.

(v) Gross capital fornation.

sr/ECA/PSD.2/5

Annex I Page

4

'4.

Road Transport

(i) Length of roads classified by type of surface • . (ii) Number oftcapacity of vehicles classified by type.

(iii) Gross capital formation annually.

(iv) Estimates of tonnage of goods moved by road (traffic checks surveys).

(v)

S.

Tele-communications

(i) Number of telephones in use and annual rate of increase.

(ii)

Number of radio sets in use and annual rate of increase.

(h) Education

Number of schools and number of classes classified by level of education and by type of school; number of teachers by 'sex, level of education and type ~f school;

number of students enrolled by sex and grade, distinguishing primary, ~ndary

schools and higher levels of education; number of displomas and degrees awarded by type in the national education system •.

!/

(i) Health and Health Services (i) Ilealth Status,

,- hiortality - Death", by broad age groups, for the same age groups as for fertility (para. (a) (i~) above and by the methods described in that paragraph); deaths by principal'causes~

- iliorbidity -- Hospital admissioiw by principal causes and sex of patients.

(ii) Health Services

- Number of physicians and nurses,' specifying "here applicable those in official and in private practice.

- Number 6f' hospitals and hospital beds,' by ~ of hospital: (general, maternity, tuber-cu Iosan^J, leprosy, mental disease, etc , ] ,

, o r • ,

- Number_...,., -- Number-

of hospital days (if possible by type of mother and child hea Lrh centres.

of hospital).

- Humber of out pat Lent clinics, health centres and medical outposts.

- Number of consultations given in a year by such outpatient units, and by mobile health unj.ts

- laccinations and inoculations performede

1/ In countries "here a large number of students is sent abroad for higher studies, it

may

^{be useful to} r~cord information on this group as well.

(iii)

ST/2.CA/PSD.?/5 Annex I Page

5

Sanitation

Proportion of the population to. Hhicl1 pr ct ected water is made available.

(j) External Trade

(i) lalue and quantity of exports by commodity, cross-classified by country of destination; annually and quarterly at least,

(ii) Index-nurnbers of volume and unit va Lue of important commodity and commodity groups, aru,ually and quarterly, Index-n~~)ersof total,olume and ag€r.'c3atc

value.

(iv) Aver~ge prices received by exporters for each important conunodity-, monthly.

(i)

As for exports with appropriate commodity classificationsa

(ii) Amount of duty collected, by tariff items.

(k) Money and Banking

(i) Balance sheets of the Central ~ank, (including, if there are any, other parts of the monetary authority), consolidated balance sheets of the deposit money banks, of other kinds of banks, insurance companies, and other types of financial institutions, by classes of institution, monthly, The balance sheets should distinguish ae se't s by economic sectors indebted, and liabilities by type of liability.

(ii)

Loans to advances by purpose and industry (including agriculture) by c La.sces of banks and other financial Lns-t i.t-uti.one , annual l.y and quarterly.

(iii)· Debits and accourrt z in deposit monc'y ba,nl\.s] morrt.hLy ,

(iv) Dd.occurrt or rediscount r-abc s of the Central Bank, monthly~ Other interest rate data would be useful if commercial markets are sufficiently de~eloped to provide good time sericc

(v)

and

Value foreign

in a standard foreign exchange, monthly,

currency of official and bank holdings of gold

(vi) Sxchange rates for a standard foreign currency, dai Iy ,

(vii) _3a~ance of payments classified by types of transactions, annually,

ST

/2CA/KJD.Z/S

Annex I Page 6

(iii) Periodic _ect~:~te5of internal cavings _c1as~ified by source and deGree of liquidity,

(ix) ;Jholesale price indexes measuring separately prices r-ece-ived by dorae s't i,c producers (including exports) and pricec _pai~

oy

domestic conswners (including imports), monthly^c

(1) Gover-n.aerrt

(i)

Cash r-ece Lpt c ?~~1d. expenditures and changes in cash holdings,JorroHincs and public debt. (Central government has priority but coverage should be extended to local authorities "here possible),

(ii)

_~conomic cla£sification of receipts and disbursements, distinguishing capital and current accounts ..

~iii) ~conomic ~nd functional classification of expenditures.

(i~:) Revenue from each main tax ,

(m) Personal income! e~penditure and consUPlption

(i)

Estimates of income distributions by size.

(ii) Distribution of household consur~ptionand expenditures for principal social and economic groups by _~ype of expenditure anG size of income.

(iii) Index-numbers of Consumer prices for selected categories of households.

(iv) 8stimntes of main componerrte of consunption by ldnd and quantity especially for subsistence g~oups.

(n) gousinr;

Small sample sur-v e yo to determine appropriate series for use in Af'r-Lca^s Inquiries should distinrruish hetl-leen ^IIpermanent^II housinc units, designed as such, and huts or t-empor-ar-y ani Lmpr-ov i.aed units", L:easures of density, to indicate ov er-cr-ovdang , should be developed, Rents and facilities (including sanitation); urban ~nd rural should 'be distinGuicl1~d throu[';hout.

Estimates of the _n~~ber of establislu~entsand 'emploYment should be elaborated as a basis of fur-ther- at udy by sampling methoGs Hhich could determine the structure of the distributive 'tr-ade s , turnover and. net output<l

(p)

other Subjects

~~tntistics for ser-vices not included eLseuher'e above, postal money orders; number of letters, rainfall and tcrnper-atur-e : hydrographic data; internal movement of goods;

tourist c't-a't Lcrt Lc s and money Lerid Lng , trher-e important.

ST/ECA/PSD~2/5 Annex I I Page 1

DATA IBQUTI12D FOH i,.OilrrrnmG "iD fiPPHAISING

Tn"

LAGffi PLAII OF ACTIOif

!., .

(iv) (iii)

Particulars of data I. FOOD ^hiID AGRICULT:JR~

(a) Agriculture

(i) Area and number of agricultural hoLdi.nga classified acccr-ddrig to size (total area), kind of tenure and whether irrigated or not.

(Decennial)

(ii) Number- of agricultural holdings classified according to type of power used and implement s used.

(Decennial)

Area and number of agricultural hol4ing.s cla""ified, "according to

•. :oi1tiU....tion of'~d.during' previous ,.' ,crop-year. (Deccrwllal)

.'i.'re~

ana.

^{number of}• 'I '.. . ... 't;'e~~ ^and, ' .

'vines' according' 'to species (Decennia~)

(v) J\rea under field crops according to species. (Decennial)

(vi) Area_ sal-In and harvested, yield

and

production during reference period for key field crops.

(himuhl) .

(vii) Number- of trees and vines of productive age and yield and production for the key crops.

(hnnual) •

• 11>: ":r •

,

\

Agriculture is the most 'important industry in Africa. It supplies food and basic raw materials for manufacturinc activities

and

provides employment to and accounts for the income of a large part of the pcpulatir . , ,,:;"'!\gricultural statistics therefore act

as. useful'~ndicators

in

^connection with efforts at efficiency ~~ increased production in that sector as determined by the needs of the economy as a whole.

• 'L1vestockstatistics are useful for

"formulating, as well as determining .::-- 't'he ne ed for, measures to achieve a suitable oalance between supply

and

demand for .livestocl, products •

~.~-j ..."-.n/~ ~~iJ Annex I I . Page 2

Particulars of data Uses

(viii)

(ix)

(x )

(xi)

Number of livestoc1< at a specific date according to

species, sex and age (Decennial).

Humber of livestoc1< held at a specific date, number slaughtered durine the year for Icey Ici.nda of livestock, and quantity of livestock products.

(Annual)

. Gross capital formation in . agricultural MaChinery and

equipment. (Annual)

Index of agriculturalpr~uot~sq

during crop year.(Annual) (b) Forestry

(i)

(ii)

(iii) .

(iv)

Densitv of the productive forest.

(~uinquenmal)' .

Composition and management status of the forests in use.

((u~nCJuennJ.al⁾

Grolling dock and growth dur:inc the year of f'or-ezrtc in use.

(Iiuinquennial)

Fellings during the year

or

forests in Use. (Qu1nquenn~al)

Provides

(1) inf...

matton .n the present and ~tenttal f&PEist .r.p for the devel_pment of

wood

industries;

(2)

Im.wl!l<lge ,useful for planning land use ;in.~ a land.other pursuits.

Useful for the building industry.

(vi) Volurae of round wood removals, classified as conifers and non..

conifers. (Annual)

(0)

Fishing

(i) Humber of national fishing craft at a c;iven date,

classified by method of population and size~ (~nnual)

(ii)

Numoer- and output of fish hatcheries durinG the year.

(fillIlual) •

Useful for planning h r eJl1"t'l'll":Wo.n and iLlprovement of facilities for the fishing indlU;try.

Particulars of data

sr/OCA/PSD.?/S

A!'.nex II-' PaGe 3

(iii)

Live and landed ""1eiGht of catch by national {i'shing

crops rnd ...,~,~)' -_e~ and, :stati~nary

gear units and of" inland fisi1ing catch .. (r..;onthly')

These data help 'to assess tJ,e health of the ·fishing iri4untrya,{ct in devising I.1ethods··'for _satiafyi~consuraer- demand for fish productc ; They also

contribute t ovar'ds the calculation of natio~i: aCCOlL'1ts estimates •.

II. TIlDUSTRIAL

c;;;:crm

(vi)

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv)

(v)

.(a)

l,l;ining, man.ufacturinp;¹ construct ion auc productio~of 'electricity, [,an, oil, nater^t et~⁰

The follouinc informa"tion in respect of esrt ab Hchment c, (Decennially)

Industry

~ULqcl of legal or economic orGanization.

number of peroonc enGaGed.

Capacity of machinery anc;

equipment (poner- and otller) ..

Value and quantity of r-atr materials, fuels and

electricity produced duriUG the year according to type of comuxlf.ty and industry.

Value and quant a.ty of ra'l

materialct fuels aUL electricity conaumcd and of comrJodities and electricity produced durinG the year accor-dLnr; to type of

cotraodi,ty and industry.

·(vii) Value added during t he year

·by industry

, ,(iriii) Grose capital formation during the year according t~ type of capita 1 GOods ...

(:Lx)

Quantity' of electricity an," key il".±iv:':'diL.:.l commodities produced during the:periodo

(x ) Index number-a-of .industria 1 procluction during"the period accordill{]; ,,to!.Lnduntr-y ,

Induatrializationis of ~eat concern to African countries. Hence effort.s are dIr-ec'ted towards subntantial crot,rth in the output of raanuf'actur-ed goode l-rhicl:

is also related to growth in production of energy, mining and construction, inter alia. Industrial statistics help

h

identify the· kinds of industrial . establislunenta:needec! as "ell as come of

the measures necessary for industrial growth e.g. measures to encourage specific industrial activity identified as importaP+

for the economy. They also nerve to measure the impact of .such measures on economic'development.

ST/OCA/PSD.7,/s Annex II,. 'C'."

Page

4

Particulars of data

(b) Ilholesale, retail and related service trades

The folloHing Lnf'or-ma.tLon is needed

""ih'respect of esta:>lishments:

(Decennially) :-

(i) lCind of legal or economic organization.

(ii)

Number of persons employed.

(iii) nnd of actIv Lty , type of operation and kind of business (iv) Value of sales and gross

margins during the year.

(v) For retail,. trade, value of

sales during the year classified according to kind of,commodity and kind of business.

(vi) Value of sales and of gr-os's

margins during the year classified according to kind of business.

(vii) Value of inventories ,in goods intended for sale at end of year by kind of business.

(viii) Gross capital formation during the year classified according to type of capital goods and kind of business"

(ix) Value of sales and of inventories at end of period by kind of

business.

III llATUfiAL IGSOURCES (a) Climate

Statistics of rainfall, temperature, humi.ddty , "ind velocity and cloud condition. (Llonthly)

(b) ~

Analyses of soil types and their laboratory testing; ." "":v preparation of soil maps,iilCltitling land·utilization and soil

suitability maps.

Uses

The distribution of goods and services constitutes an important part of

economic activity in African countries.

It is a source of employment and

creates a demand on labour the capital resources. The statistics provide a knowLedge of the character of the distributive trades and their relative share in the gross domestic 'product.

,They also serve as indicators of the . state of business and of the level and

composition of private consumption.

Climate influences natural growth and the different aspects of human life.

Therefore a record of the changes in climatic conditions is useful for socio-economic analysis.

Provides (1) a knowledge of soil stability and its use for bUilding and constructing materials suitable for buildings and roarl^r

(2) an indication of suitahilitr for agricultural development and

(3)

a

preliminary indication of the availability of mineralse

Particulars of data (c) \fater

(i) Inventory of water

·.'resoUrceli, both surface and under- gr-ound] .hydrological studies .of

,-..,

r:iver basins.

-.; :i

r'^C 170'

'rsn

~:

..

... i .... ' ...C!• ... ' "~'I-,

Annex II Page

5

Uses

Provides a knowledge of the water table - the level to which water will rise under atmospheric conditions and the existence of artestianwells •.

.Useful for irrigation purposes and the . planning of water supply

to

^{ioural and}

urban areas. A configuration of water basins' can indicate which can be used as sources of hydr-o-e Lecbr-Lc Lty , Also useful for study of demand and supply of relevant commodities.

(ii) living

Survey of fishery and other water resources.

rv.

(d) Minerals

•

Preparation of topographical map series photogeological studies, and detailed geological mapping.

Em/IAN RESOURCES

'~owledge of mineral resources.

•

(a) Population and vital statistics

(i) Number of persons at a given date, showing marital status,

..

..

9:.:

.~~.;ap.c1 :~~e; ,

Literacy

Type and level of 'education completed,

Ethnic group or naticnality, Birth place and length

of residence,

Type and size of household, The >romen of cilild-bearing age and over and

Total number of live-born children. (Decennial)

(ii) Number of live-births occurring during the year, showing sex, order of live' birth and age of mother, distinguishing between urban and rural areas and major administrative districts.(Annual)

(iii) Number of deaths occurring during the year, by sex, age and causes

distinguishing between urban and rural areas and major administrative districts~

(Annual)

(iv) Number of in.K.igrants and

emiwants during the year classified by sex and age. (Annual)

The size, nature and dist'ribution of the. popuLtion as well as its elements of changerpr-ov Ide a basis for develop- ment'planriing and are basic factors in determining the magnitude and character of'·th;' 'demand for goods and services as well as the ,extent and' qual.ity of the labour r-e sour-cee for their production.. ! . , " ,

. ," (1

ST /F£A/PSD~2/5"

Annex IT Page 6

Particulars of data

(b) Em 10 ent and conditions of Wo (i) .' Numi;>er of persons who are economicalJ,y active dur-Lng a given reference per-Led classified by kind "

of economic activity, sex and age, statust wag.,s and salaries paid and : number of hours worJred. (Decennially)

"

(ii)

~/age rates, earnings, supp.Ie-«

merrtar-y : benefits and related _info~tion classificed by age and sex,by occupation and kind of economic aetivity.(Annual) (iii) Number of employees involved in and elapsed time of strikes and Lockout s during:'j>eCific period by kind of economic activity.(Aiinual)

(iv) Industrial injuries by place ,.f occurance, cause, type of injury and severity.( Quarterly and annually) ,(0) Housing

(i) Number of occupied dwelling units as of a specific date _s~wing type of uriit, type of lighting"

'number

of occupants and rooms, type of water supply and tenure" ' ' distingufshing between urban and

"rural areas (Decennial) ,

(ii)

Number of vacant units by type distinguishing between urban and rural areas and major administrative divisions,

(Annual or

!!:!!

hoc as needed)

(iii) Number of households by size and type in the urban and rural areas of

each administrative division. (Decennial) (iv) New buildings, extensions and o;;'solescence during the year by type, number of r-ooms , type of water supply and ownership. (Annual)

Labour is one of the main fiotors ",f production and it is ~eflected'bythe quantity of goOds and'se~fcesproduced which also reflects its productivity.

Thus statistics of employment and conditions of work permit a

studr

~f

underemployment and unemployment with a view to their erradication and the planning for increased productivity.

Useful for detet'lllining,Musing conditions and planningft>r thei»

i m p r o v e m e n t , "

"

.

".', ~

sr/~A/P{:iD.2/5

~II Page 7

Particulars of data ^:rses.:~~....._.: ...'

- ^,

^.

(d) Household statistics

(i) Household composition and nwnl>er of wage earners.(Annual)

Provide information about nature of households, their consumption, habits, Lncone , savings· and household subsistence . and industrial activities. Useful for

national accounting estimates and assessing levels of living.

.~.' ',,' t

•.•~....u; .: :,...

(ii) Number of persons engagod in houseehold enterprises by . industry. (Annual)

(iii) Household receipts.(Annual)1-

Sales of goods and services by ho~seholdenterprises and home produce consumed, classified by type of conunodity;

Income from employment and other earned income, showing industrial origin;

Income for property;

other receipts from government (farming grants, etc.);

Sales of property, classified according to c:.ome.stic or type of industrial use;

Loans taken by households and loans repaid by others;

.uscellaneous remittances from local and everseas sources.

(iv) Household payments. (Annual) Running costs of household enterprises classified by industry.

Purchase of local and imported goods for processing and resale, including industrial origin;

Hire of buildings and equipment;

Hire of labour;

other running costs;

ST/0CA/PSD.2/5

Annex II PagEl

8

Partiou]~pa of data

Consumption of durable goods purchased or acquired frnm domestic/produotion by type of

commodity; .

. Rates and taxes;

Rent;

·Interest on hire purchase, etc.;

Domestic expenditure

Loans given and loan repayments;

Payments on property purchased or repaired classified by domestic or type of industrial use;

~uscellaneouslocal and overseas remittance s ,

V. HEALTH SERVICES (a) 1.lorbidity

(i) Number of cases of infectbus diseases during a reference period classified by type, age and sex.

(Annually and quarterly).

(ii) Number of persons vaccinated or immunized by public authorities during period of reference according to type of protection (quarterly and annually)

(iii) Number of road accidents by type of injury, age and sex. (Annual)

(iv) Number of hospital in- patient admissions by cause of admission type, and location of hospital residence and age and sex of patient (Annual)

(v) Number of hospital in-patient discharges, by location of hospital, cause of hospitalization, residence of patient, length of stay and age and sex of patient.(Annual)

(vi) Number of hospital, health oentre and similar clinical out- patient consultations by type of disability and by age and sex

distinguishing between public and private institutions and urban and rural areas (annual and quarterly)

Uses

Since good health ;is essential

t. 1Iell..

being, the improveinent in the health situation of a country's populatien is one of the principal objectives in national developmental efforts. The stat:j.stics provide a measure of the level of attainment and may be compared with the actual requirements of the population so that they provide a

rough assessment of the adequacy of

the

health services available in the co~.

Particulars of data

(ii)

Nmnber of puticnt8 in hocpitalc and health centres as of a specific day classified by age and sex of patient and type and location of institution (annual)

(0) ~lealth persolUlel and institutionG

(i)

Uumuer of raed i.c.i L and auxuliary

pers~nnel~ physicians_t nurses, dentists, dressers, aanitarimLs etc. at specific date accorcing to cex and occupation~

(ii) !lumber of hospitaln, health centres and hospital beds by type of institution, location and ownership (annual) •

(iii) Receipts during the year of public and pr~vate hospitals,other health institutions and public health authorities from (a) fees, (b) income from property, (c) current transfers, (d) capital transfers and

(e) loans.according to type of services (iv) Current outlays during the year of health institutions and public health authorities in non-durable goods ·by type of service (annual),

(v) Capital outlayc of health institutions and public health authorities by type "f cervice.

VI. THE EDOCATION SYSTEU

(a) For public and private teaching establishr.ents at all levels, the following data is needed classified according to level of education and type of eatabH.shmerrt , distin"uishing betueen urban and rural areas^'I major administrative divisions (ann~al):

(i)

Number of establishments (ii) Number of teachers by sex,

qualification and nationality (iii) ilumber- of students enrolled, as of a specific period, by seX and, for hi~her level student s, by nat ionality (annual),

ST/ECA/PSD.2/5 Annex II Page 9

Raising levels of education is a lrey objective in the developmental effort because thereby the personality is

developed, knowledge an0. skills required and the ability to part·ic:l.pate effectively in the community is enhanced.

Thus the data permit an assessment of levels of education attained as well as an evaluation of the Uses of existing relevant facilities and of national requirements.

ST/X;.jPSD. 2/5

Annex I I Page 10

Particulars of data

(.,) Number- of student", enrolled in primary and secondary ~cho01s~

as of a cpecific date; cL:ssified

accord~nc, to grade, sex and a~e

(annud).

(0)

nc[ister of higher level manpower coverine all persons atta~ninc

secondary school certificate and higher education Leve Ls and those with spec~al technical qualification",

(continuous main~en~~cc).

(d) Public expenditure on education by economic cateGories (annual)~

VII I.F.TSURE MID CULTURE (a) _!~isure

(i) Number and average circulation of newspapers and magazines iscued~

classified by urban and rural areas (annual),

(ii) Number of books in atock at public libraries classified by type of bcok (annual).

(iii) Number of book", loaned each month by public libraries classified by type of book, distinguiahinr between ulban and rural areas

(annual).

(Lv ) Aver-age number -of _weel~ly admissions to c i.nemac , theatres, concert balla; sport stadia and other recreational facilitics

clas~ifiedby type of 'facility and distinguishinG between urban and rural areas (annual)⁰

(v) Number- of seats at specified date in cinemas and other. recreational facilities classified by type of

facility and distingui",hing between urtan and rural are~s (annual)"

(vi) Area of open public spaces such as parks, squares, beaches at a specified date distinguishinc between major administrative districts _(annual)~

Uses

Lan

being a cocial annual, leisure eM culture are directly related to his well~eing. .

Thus, statistics. of culture, sport and other forms of re~reationserve to provide some meaur-e of the development of the human personality.